CN115862908B - Experimental device for in-pile retention basket under severe accident - Google Patents
Experimental device for in-pile retention basket under severe accident Download PDFInfo
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- CN115862908B CN115862908B CN202310081151.3A CN202310081151A CN115862908B CN 115862908 B CN115862908 B CN 115862908B CN 202310081151 A CN202310081151 A CN 202310081151A CN 115862908 B CN115862908 B CN 115862908B
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- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003832 thermite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010259 detection of temperature stimulus Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
- Devices For Use In Laboratory Experiments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental device for an in-pile retention basket in severe accidents, which relates to the technical field of nuclear reactors and can effectively verify the cooling performance and retention effect of the retention basket. The temperature measuring points arranged at the bottom of the pressure vessel are utilized to obtain test parameters, and the cooling effect of the cooling channel can be effectively verified through the whole experimental device, and the specific scheme is as follows: an experimental device for a retention basket in a pile under serious accidents comprises a collecting water tank, wherein a pressure vessel lower end socket is arranged in the collecting water tank, the top of the pressure vessel lower end socket is supported with a retention basket, the top of the retention basket is provided with a crucible for containing thermite, and the bottom of the crucible is provided with an end plug; a cooling channel is formed between the lower end enclosure of the pressure container and the detention basket, and the cooling channel is connected with the water injection tank; an electric heater is arranged in the detention basket, and a plurality of temperature measuring points are arranged at the bottom of the detention basket and the lower end enclosure of the pressure container.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear reactors, in particular to an experimental device for an in-pile retention basket under severe accidents.
Background
In the prior nuclear power plant design, after the reactor core melt enters the in-pile retention basket, the retention of the reactor core melt in the in-pile retention basket can be realized by virtue of the design of the in-pile retention basket, so that the integrity of the reactor pressure vessel is ensured. When a reactor core melting accident occurs in a high-power reactor (a reactor with electric power of more than 30 kilowatts), the melt falls into a lower cavity of a reactor pressure vessel, and the high-power reactor has larger decay heat, larger volume heat release rate and stronger metal layer heat focusing effect, so that great uncertainty of the retention in the melt is ensured by a conventional external cooling mode of the reactor pressure vessel. If the reactor pressure vessel fails, a significant amount of melt will be caused to enter the containment, thereby challenging the integrity of the containment. In order to reduce the probability of failure of the pressure vessel in the case of serious accidents of the high-power reactor, a design scheme is proposed, in which reactor decay heat is led out by designing a special retention basket in the reactor pressure vessel, and the retention of the melt in the reactor pressure vessel is ensured.
The design scheme has great innovation, and in order to verify the design concept of the in-pile retention basket, a comprehensive experimental device needs to be designed to verify the cooling performance of the in-pile retention basket, namely, the in-pile retention basket can be ensured to be kept complete under reasonable and effective experimental working conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an experimental device for the in-pile retention basket under severe accidents, which can simulate passive water injection of the cooling channel at the bottom of the retention basket under severe accidents by utilizing accurate water injection of an external water tank to the cooling channel at the bottom of the retention basket and combining detection of temperature measuring points, acquire experimental parameters by utilizing the temperature measuring points arranged at the bottom of the retention basket, and can effectively verify the cooling performance and retention effect of the retention basket through the whole experimental device. The temperature measuring points arranged at the bottom of the pressure vessel are utilized to obtain test parameters, and the cooling effect of the cooling channel can be effectively verified through the whole experimental device.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an experimental device for a retention basket in a pile under serious accidents comprises a collecting water tank, wherein a pressure vessel lower end socket is arranged in the collecting water tank, the top of the pressure vessel lower end socket is supported with a retention basket, the top of the retention basket is provided with a crucible for containing thermite, and the bottom of the crucible is provided with an end plug; a cooling channel is formed between the lower end enclosure of the pressure container and the detention basket, and the cooling channel is connected with the water injection tank; an electric heater is arranged in the detention basket, and a plurality of temperature measuring points are arranged at the bottom of the detention basket and the lower end enclosure of the pressure container.
As a further implementation mode, the support legs are arranged in the collecting water tank, and the collecting water tank fixedly supports the pressure vessel lower seal head through the support legs.
As a further implementation mode, a plurality of supporting pieces are uniformly distributed in the cooling channel, one end of each supporting piece is fixedly connected with the inner wall surface of the lower sealing head of the pressure container, and the other end of each supporting piece is fixedly connected with the outer wall surface of the detention basket.
As a further implementation, the support member has an arc shape with an elliptical cross section.
As a further implementation manner, the inner wall surface of the retention basket is a refractory layer.
As a further implementation mode, the crucible and the detention basket are coaxially arranged, a nozzle is arranged at the center of the bottom of the crucible, and the end plug is arranged at the nozzle.
As a further implementation manner, the water injection tank is arranged outside the collecting water tank and higher than the collecting water tank, and is connected with the cooling channel through a water injection pipe with a flow control valve.
As a further implementation, the pressure vessel bottom head top edge is below the retention basket top edge, which is below the collection tank top edge.
As a further implementation, the temperature measuring points arranged at the bottom of the detention basket are circumferentially distributed and distributed at the edge of the bottom of the detention basket.
As a further implementation mode, the temperature measuring points at the bottom of the lower end enclosure of the pressure vessel are distributed circumferentially in a plurality of groups, and different groups of temperature measuring points are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the lower end enclosure of the pressure vessel.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. according to the invention, the detention basket is arranged in the space of the lower chamber of the pressure container, a cooling channel is formed between the lower end socket of the pressure container and the detention basket, and the cooling channel is connected with the water injection tank; an electric heater is arranged in the detention basket, a plurality of temperature measuring points are arranged at the bottom of the pressure vessel lower seal head and the detention basket, so that the passive cooling channel at the bottom of the detention basket is realized, the decay heat is continuously led out, and the integrality of the detention basket is ensured. The electric heater is utilized to accurately simulate decay heat of the melt, the external water tank is utilized to accurately inject water into the cooling channel at the bottom of the detention basket, and the detection of temperature measuring points is combined to simulate passive water injection of the cooling channel at the bottom of the detention basket in severe accidents.
2. According to the invention, the temperature measuring points arranged at the bottom of the retention basket are utilized to obtain the test parameters, and the cooling performance and the retention effect of the retention basket can be effectively verified through the whole experimental device. The temperature measuring points arranged at the bottom of the pressure vessel are utilized to obtain test parameters, and the cooling effect of the cooling channel can be effectively verified through the whole experimental device.
3. One end of the supporting piece is fixedly connected with the inner wall surface of the lower seal head of the pressure container, the other end of the supporting piece is fixedly connected with the outer wall surface of the detention basket, the supporting piece at the bottom of the detention basket is provided with an arc, and the flow resistance of the cooling channel is reduced due to the arc design and the small contact area between the inner wall surface of the pressure container while the supporting is realized.
4. The invention verifies the cooling effect and retention performance of the retention basket by replacing working medium and experimental method, thereby meeting the requirement of retention in the melt retention basket in serious accidents
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an experimental apparatus for an in-pile retention basket in a severe accident in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a bottom temperature station arrangement for a retention basket in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a bottom temperature probe of a reactor pressure vessel in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: the mutual spacing or dimensions are exaggerated for the purpose of showing the positions of the various parts, and the schematic illustration is only schematic.
Wherein: 1, a lower seal head of a pressure vessel; 2-cooling channels; 3-a support; 4-retention basket; 5-refractory layer; 6, collecting a water tank; 7-supporting legs; 8-a water filling tank; 9-a water injection pipe; 10-end plugs; 11-a nozzle; 12-thermite; 13-crucible; 14-an electric heater; 15-a flow control valve; 16-the outer wall of the retention basket; 17-detention basket temperature measuring points; 18-the outer wall surface of the lower seal head; 19-the pressure vessel temperature measurement point.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
Example 1
In a typical embodiment of the invention, referring to fig. 1-3, an experimental device for a retention basket in a pile in severe accidents comprises a collecting water tank 6, wherein a pressure vessel lower end socket 1 is arranged in the collecting water tank, a retention basket 4 is supported at the top of the pressure vessel lower end socket 1, a crucible 13 for containing thermite is arranged at the top of the retention basket 4, and an end plug 10 is arranged at the bottom of the crucible 13; a cooling channel 2 is formed between the pressure vessel lower end socket 1 and the retention basket 4, and the cooling channel 2 is connected with a water injection tank 8; an electric heater 14 is arranged in the detention basket 4, and a plurality of temperature measuring points are arranged at the bottom of the pressure vessel lower seal head 1 and the detention basket 4.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the top of the collecting water tank is opened, the supporting legs 7 are arranged in the collecting water tank 6, and the collecting water tank 6 fixedly supports the pressure vessel lower seal head 1 through the supporting legs 7. The structures of the embodiment all simulate the environment in the reactor pressure vessel, and the pressure vessel lower head 1 of the embodiment is a simulation piece for simulating the pressure vessel lower head in a nuclear reactor. In the embodiment, the dimensions of experimental equipment such as the reactor pressure vessel lower head 1 and the retention basket 4 are considered by utilizing a certain scaling ratio, and the scaling ratio of the experimental equipment is 1:10-1:2, preferably 1:10.
the top of the pressure vessel lower seal head 1 is provided with an opening, the top of the pressure vessel lower seal head is supported by a detention basket 4, in particular a plurality of supporting pieces 3, and a cooling channel 2 is formed between the outer wall surface of the bottom of the detention basket 4 and the inner wall surface of the pressure vessel lower seal head 1 due to the existence of the supporting pieces 3.
The plurality of support pieces 3 are uniformly distributed in the cooling channel, one end of each support piece 3 is fixedly connected with the inner wall surface of the lower seal head 1 of the pressure vessel, and the other end of each support piece is fixedly connected with the outer wall surface 16 of the detention basket. The support 3 has an arc shape and an oval cross section.
The support piece 3 is a small support structure with an arc shape, the small support structure is respectively welded on the bottom of the detention basket and the inner wall surface of the pressure vessel, the contact area between the small support structure and the inner wall surface of the lower seal head of the pressure vessel is small, on one hand, the support of the detention basket 4 on the bottom of the lower seal head of the pressure vessel can be realized, and on the other hand, the flow resistance in the cooling channel 2 is actively reduced due to the arc structural design and the small contact surface of the inner wall surface of the lower seal head 1 of the pressure vessel.
The inner wall surface of the retention basket is a refractory layer 5, and in order to simulate decay heat after reactor core melt enters the reactor pressure vessel lower head 1, an electric heater 14 is further arranged in the middle position inside the retention basket 4, so that heating power can be accurately controlled according to the size of the decay heat. The top edge of the retention basket 4 is used to support the crucible 13.
The crucible 13 and the retention basket 4 are coaxially arranged, a nozzle 11 is arranged at the center of the bottom of the crucible 13, the nozzle 11 points to the retention basket 4, and the end plug 10 is arranged at the nozzle 11. In the test, the thermite 12 was placed in a crucible, and the initial state of the core melt was simulated by the thermite 12, and the thermite 12 was generated in a crucible 13 device at the upper part of the experimental facility. The temperature of the thermite after reaction can be measured by infrared temperature measurement. When the thermite 12 temperature reaches above 3000K, the bottom end plug 10 of the crucible 13 is opened and a large amount of core melt will enter the pressure vessel lower chamber through the nozzle 11 at the bottom of the crucible.
Through the design of detaining basket 4, can effectively deposit a large amount of melts in detaining basket 4 under serious accident, through detaining the high-efficient cooling of coolant in the cooling channel 2 between basket 4 and the pressure vessel inner wall, can successfully export reactor core decay heat, ensure to detain basket 4 and keep intact, also can make reactor pressure vessel keep intact.
As shown in fig. 1, in order to simulate the cooling effect of the cooling channel between the outside of the retention basket and the inner wall surface of the pressure vessel, the cooling channel 2 is sized proportionally, and cooling water is injected into one side of the cooling channel 2. The cooling water source comes from the external water injection tank 8, and the water injection flow can be accurately controlled through the cooling water flow control valve 15. The water injection tank 8 of the present embodiment is provided outside the collection water tank 6 and higher than the collection water tank 6, and the water injection tank 8 is connected to the cooling passage 2 through a water injection pipe 9 with a flow control valve 15.
The pressure vessel bottom head top edge of this embodiment is lower than the retention basket top edge, which is lower than the collection tank top edge.
As shown in fig. 2, the retention basket temperature measurement points 17 arranged at the bottom of the retention basket are circumferentially distributed and distributed at the bottom edge of the retention basket outer wall surface 16. The temperature measurement is achieved by inserting thermocouples at the corresponding temperature measuring points of the outer basket wall 16, which thermocouples are arranged at the peripheral edge in order to reduce the influence of the thermocouple arrangement on the coolant flow.
As shown in fig. 3, the pressure vessel temperature measuring points 19 at the bottom of the pressure vessel lower head 1 are arranged in a plurality of groups of circumference distribution, and different groups of temperature measuring points are uniformly distributed on the outer wall surface 18 of the lower head. A temperature measuring point is also arranged at the bottom center of the lower seal head of the pressure vessel. The temperature measurement is realized by inserting a thermocouple at the position of the outer wall surface of the reactor pressure vessel corresponding to the temperature measuring point, so that the measurement of the cooling performance of the cooling channel and the lower end enclosure of the reactor pressure vessel can be realized.
When the thermite enters the retention basket in the experiment, external cooling water enters a cooling channel between the retention basket and the inner wall surface of the pressure vessel in a passive mode, heat of the melt is firstly transferred to a refractory layer of the retention basket in a convection heat exchange mode, and then transferred to a main structure (stainless steel) of the retention basket in a heat conduction mode by the refractory layer, and after the stainless steel is heated, a large amount of heat is transferred to the bottom cooling channel. Into the cooling channel is cooling water, and out of the cooling channel is a steam-water mixture.
The steam-water mixture flowing out of the cooling channel enters a cooling water collecting tank. When the water level of the cooling water collection tank is sufficiently high, the entire retention basket is immersed in the cooling water, in which case it can be used to verify the cooling effect of pool boiling outside the retention basket.
The refractory layer designed on the upper surface of the retention basket 4 of this embodiment ensures that no interaction between the melt and the retention basket occurs. The bottom of the detention basket 4 is provided with a large number of small supporting structures with radians, and the small contact area between the arc-shaped design and the inner wall surface of the pressure vessel reduces the flow resistance of the cooling channel while realizing the support. Passive cooling channels at the bottom of the retention basket 4 allow the decay heat to be continually conducted away, ensuring the integrity of the retention basket. The decay heat of the melt was simulated accurately by the electric heater 14, and passive water injection to the bottom cooling channel of the retention basket in severe accidents was simulated by the accurate water injection to the bottom cooling channel of the retention basket by the external water injection tank 8. The embodiment has the advantages that the cooling effect and the detention performance of the detention basket can be verified by replacing working media and experimental methods, so that the requirement of internal detention of the melt detention basket in serious accidents is met.
Specifically, the embodiment considers the equipment sizes of experimental devices such as a reactor pressure vessel bottom head and a retention basket by utilizing a certain scaling. The initial state of the core melt was simulated by using thermite, which was generated in a crucible device at the upper part of the experimental apparatus. The temperature of the thermite after reaction can be measured by infrared temperature measurement. An electric heater is designed in the experimental device, and the electric heating power can be accurately controlled according to the size of the decay heat of the melt under severe accidents. The experimental device is provided with an external cooling water source, the water source is from an external water injection tank 8, and the water injection flow entering the cooling channel at the bottom of the retention basket can be accurately controlled through a cooling water flow control valve 15. The cooling water is mixed with steam and water and enters the cooling water collecting water tank 6. The temperature measuring points arranged at the bottom of the detention basket 4 are utilized to obtain test parameters, and the cooling performance and detention effect of the detention basket can be effectively verified through the whole experimental device. The temperature measuring points arranged at the bottom of the pressure vessel are utilized to obtain test parameters, and the cooling effect of the cooling channel can be effectively verified through the whole experimental device.
Through the design scheme of the detention basket experimental device, the cooling performance of the detention basket can be reasonably verified, the design of the detention basket is ensured to efficiently lead out the decay heat of the melt under serious accidents, and the effective detention of the melt in the detention basket is ensured.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The experimental device for the in-pile retention basket under the serious accident is characterized by comprising a collecting water tank, wherein a pressure vessel lower end socket is arranged in the collecting water tank, a retention basket is supported at the top of the pressure vessel lower end socket, a crucible for containing thermite is arranged at the top of the retention basket, and an end plug is arranged at the bottom of the crucible; a cooling channel is formed between the lower end enclosure of the pressure container and the detention basket, and the cooling channel is connected with the water injection tank; an electric heater is arranged in the detention basket, and a plurality of temperature measuring points are arranged at the bottom of the detention basket and the lower end enclosure of the pressure container.
2. The experimental device for the in-pile retention basket under severe accidents according to claim 1, wherein the collecting water tank is internally provided with supporting legs, and the collecting water tank fixedly supports the lower sealing head of the pressure vessel through the supporting legs.
3. The experimental device for the retention basket in the reactor under severe accidents according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of supporting pieces are uniformly distributed in the cooling channel, one end of each supporting piece is fixedly connected with the inner wall surface of the lower end socket of the pressure vessel, and the other end of each supporting piece is fixedly connected with the outer wall surface of the retention basket.
4. A severe accident in-pile retention basket testing apparatus according to claim 3 wherein the support member has an arcuate shape and is oval in cross-section.
5. The experimental device for the in-pile retention basket under severe accidents according to claim 1, wherein the inner wall surface of the retention basket is a refractory layer.
6. The experimental device for an in-pile retention basket in severe accidents according to claim 1, wherein the crucible is arranged coaxially with the retention basket, a nozzle is arranged at the central position of the bottom of the crucible, and the end plug is arranged at the nozzle.
7. The experimental device for the in-pile retention basket under severe accidents according to claim 1, wherein the water injection tank is arranged outside and higher than the collecting water tank, and is connected with the cooling channel through a water injection pipe with a flow control valve.
8. The in-pile retention basket testing device of claim 1, wherein the pressure vessel bottom head top edge is below the retention basket top edge and the retention basket top edge is below the collection tank top edge.
9. The experimental device for the in-pile retention basket under severe accidents according to claim 1, wherein the temperature measuring points arranged at the bottom of the retention basket are circumferentially distributed and distributed at the edge of the bottom of the retention basket.
10. The experimental device for the in-pile retention basket under severe accidents according to claim 1, wherein the temperature measuring points at the bottom of the lower end enclosure of the pressure vessel are distributed in a plurality of groups circumferentially, and different groups of temperature measuring points are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the lower end enclosure of the pressure vessel.
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| CN202310081151.3A CN115862908B (en) | 2023-01-30 | 2023-01-30 | Experimental device for in-pile retention basket under severe accident |
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| CN202310081151.3A CN115862908B (en) | 2023-01-30 | 2023-01-30 | Experimental device for in-pile retention basket under severe accident |
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| 先进压水堆核电厂安全壳地坑滤网设计;李春 等;核安全(第01期);第61-64页 * |
| 压水堆核电厂严重事故下堆芯熔融物的冷却研究;李琳 等;核安全(第04期);第39-44页 * |
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