CN115859512A - Mechanical excavation method and construction method for soft rock stratum tunnel - Google Patents
Mechanical excavation method and construction method for soft rock stratum tunnel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of civil engineering, in particular to a soft rock stratum tunnel mechanical excavation method and a construction method, wherein an evaluation index system is established by three factors of a rock RQD value, a rock firmness coefficient f and excavated water inflow, the type of the stratum is obtained by analyzing and calculating the system, mechanical type selection is carried out according to the type of the stratum, a construction area is divided after the type selection is finished, excavation section parameters are designed and positioned, then excavation is carried out, and after the design requirements are met, initial support is carried out and the working procedure is finished.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of civil engineering, in particular to a mechanical excavation method and a construction method for a tunnel in a soft rock stratum.
Background
The mountainous tunnel geology is influenced by the regional structure, is complex and changeable, often meets the conditions of rock stratum joint, crack development and broken rock mass, and for the complex and changeable geology of the tunnel, the traditional drilling and blasting method construction can generate larger disturbance influence on the complex stratum, blasting parameters are difficult to control, so that the self-stability capability of surrounding rocks is further reduced, and the risks of block falling, slag falling, slumping and the like are increased; in addition, blasting vibration influences the primary support stability of the variable stratum seriously, concrete cracking, steel frame distortion and even limit invasion are caused, great potential safety hazards exist, the tunnel brings a severe test for tunnel builders, and therefore, the technical staff in the field needs to find out a single-track railway tunnel excavation method suitable for the soft rock stratum urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the potential safety hazard problems of large disturbance of surrounding rocks, block falling, concrete cracking in primary support and the like during the construction of a complex and changeable soft rock tunnel in the prior art, the hole guiding device and the hole guiding method for sealing the coaxiality of the cover or the skin and the framework guide hole are provided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the mechanical excavation method for the tunnel in the soft rock stratum comprises the following steps of:
step one, establishing a tunnel stratum classification fuzzy comprehensive evaluation index system according to three factors of a rock RQD value, a rock firmness coefficient f and the excavated water inflow, wherein the relationship between tunnel stratum classification and each index is shown in a table 1, wherein U1 represents the rock RQD value, U2 represents the rock firmness coefficient, and U3 represents the excavated water inflow.
TABLE 1 relationship between tunnel stratigraphic classification and indices
| Stratigraphic classification | U 1 | U 2 | U 3 |
| Highly compacted formations | ＞50％ | ＞2 | ＞0.75 |
| Lightly squeezed formation | 25％～50％ | 1.5～2 | 0.3～0.75 |
| Clastic formation | ＜25％ | ＜1.5 | ＜0.3 |
Note: according to the excavation condition, defining the small water inflow amount of the tunnel as less than 0.3, defining the medium water inflow amount as 0.3-0.75 and defining the large water inflow amount as more than 0.75;
determining the weight of the evaluation index according to an analytic hierarchy process, and establishing a table and then determining a judgment matrix of the evaluation index according to a scale scoring method;
thirdly, according to the matrix, the maximum eigenvalue lambda of the W matrix of the weight calculation result corresponding to the index can be obtained by using a summation method max CI =0.009, let the mean random consistency index be
Therefore, the consistency test is passed, and the calculation is reasonable
Calculating the membership Ri of each index by using a membership function, and combining different indexes to obtain a membership matrix R = { R = 1 ,R 2 ,R 3 } T The total membership vector for the tunnel-stratum classification is found by the formula B = W · R, where W is the weight vector of the previously found indicator.
Defining corresponding evaluation values of different stratums around the tunnel as shown in table 3, calculating a comprehensive evaluation value D by using a formula D = A · B, comparing the comprehensive evaluation value D with the evaluation values of the different stratums in the table 3, wherein the comprehensive evaluation value is close to the evaluation value of which stratum, the stratum where the tunnel is located at the moment is the stratum of the same type, and A = {3,2,1} is vector expression of the evaluation values of the different stratums;
TABLE 3 stratigraphic classifications
And step six, selecting different machines according to the stratum in the step five.
The invention relates to a mechanical excavation method for a tunnel in a soft rock stratum, which is established by three factors of a rock RQD value, a rock firmness coefficient f and excavated water inflowEstablishing a tunnel stratum classification fuzzy comprehensive evaluation index system, determining evaluation index weight by an analytic hierarchy process, listing a matrix according to a rock RQD value, a rock firmness coefficient f and excavated water inflow, judging the matrix, calculating the weight corresponding to the index by a summation method, and calculating to obtain W and the maximum characteristic value lambda of the matrix max Then let the average random consistency index be
The calculation is reasonable, the membership function is used for calculating the membership Ri of each index, and the membership function is characterized as follows: for example, when U1 is more than 50% in engineering, the index is 1 for a highly-extruded stratum, the membership degree for a slightly-extruded stratum and a clastic stratum is 0, and the other indexes are calculated in the same way, and different index combinations obtain a membership degree matrix R = { R = (R) } 1 ,R 2 ,R 3 } T And finally, determining the stratum type by defining a formula D = A · B, and selecting the excavation machine according to the determined stratum type, so that the machine corresponding to the construction working condition can be accurately selected before construction.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the process of calculating the weight corresponding to the evaluation index in step three is to obtain the weight vector W = {0.5571,0.3202,0.1227} and the matrix maximum eigenvalue λ by using the judgment matrix of the evaluation index determined by the 1-9 scale scoring method shown in table 2 max =3.0180 and CI =0.009, and then let the average random consistency index be
This indicates that the calculation is reasonable by the consistency check.
TABLE 2 decision matrix
| Target layer D | U 1 | U 2 | U 3 |
| U 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| U 2 | 1/2 | 1 | 3 |
| U 3 | 1/4 | 1/3 | 1 |
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, in the step four, the process of solving the total membership vector of the tunnel stratum classification is to calculate the membership Ri of each index by using a membership function, wherein the membership function is characterized as: for example, when U1 is more than 50% in engineering, the index is 1 for a highly-extruded stratum, the membership degree for a slightly-extruded stratum and a clastic stratum is 0, and the other indexes are calculated in the same way, and different index combinations obtain a membership degree matrix R = { R = (R) } 1 ,R 2 ,R 3 } T The total membership vector for the tunnel-stratum classification is found by the formula B = W · R, where W is the weight vector of the previously found indicator.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, the model selection process using different machines according to different strata in the sixth step is: if the stratum is judged to be highly extruded, a longitudinal milling and digging head of the single-arm heading machine is adopted, and the cutting capability of the longitudinal milling and digging head of the single-arm heading machine is strong, so that the single-arm heading machine is suitable for excavating the stratum; if the stratum is judged to be slightly squeezed, the transverse milling and excavating head of the milling and excavating machine is adopted, and the cutting and excavating efficiency of the transverse milling and excavating head of the milling and excavating machine is high, so that the method is suitable for excavating the stratum; if the stratum is judged to be the clastic stratum, the single hook or the double hook of the single hook or the double hook heading machine is adopted to replace an excavator bucket, and the single hook or the double groove of the single hook or the double hook heading machine has deeper 'hooking and cutting' capability, is flexible and convenient, and is suitable for excavating the stratum.
A soft rock tunnel excavation construction method, begin to excavate the tunnel after finishing through the above-mentioned mechanical model selection design, its excavation construction method is;
s1, construction preparation is carried out before excavation, and a temporary construction finishing area is divided according to the field condition so as to meet the requirements of vehicle staggering and parking during field construction;
s2, positioning the excavation contour line of the tunnel to facilitate subsequent excavation;
s3, designing an excavation end face, and excavating according to a distributed strip-block method;
s4, excavating each part of the tunnel face;
s5, setting other measures in the tunnel;
s6, performing primary support on the excavated area, wherein the primary support comprises a vertical frame, an anchor rod and sprayed concrete;
the invention relates to a soft rock tunnel excavation construction method, which is characterized in that construction is carried out after the machine is subjected to model selection according to the stratum conditions, and a mechanical combination excavation method is applied, so that the overbreak and underexcavation of the tunnel with the complex stratum are controlled, the stability of surrounding rocks is improved, the tunnel construction safety is ensured, the construction cost and the management cost are reduced, and the construction period requirement is met.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, the preparation of construction in the step S1 comprises the steps of constructing a wrong-way lane and a transverse channel, and temporarily dividing a construction completion area into a mucking car area, a heading machine conversion area and a heading machine transformer area, wherein the clear construction section of the wrong-way lane is consistent with that of a tunnel, so that the requirements of digging machinery for wrong cars and parking of the mucking car are met, and unnecessary confusion during construction is avoided.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, the piled excavation contour lines are positioned in the step S2, the excavation contour lines are mainly positioned through an infrared direction indicator, so that the excavation contour lines are accurate, and a ventilation belt is arranged in the tunnel and used for keeping ventilation in the tunnel.
As the preferred scheme of the invention, the infrared direction indicators are arranged at the tunnel body at the inner side of the primary support, the infrared direction indicators are respectively arranged at the arch waist, the arch foot and the side wall, and the infrared direction indicators are arranged at each position and are symmetrically arranged according to the center line of the tunnel, so that the positioning is more accurate and comprehensive.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, in the step S3, the excavation section is designed to be excavated according to the characteristics of the selected tunneling machine by a distributed strip-block method, the height of each vertical block is 0.8-1.2 m during excavation, each left block and each right block are divided into 8-10 blocks according to the excavation width, and the excavation depth is 0.5m at each step.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, the rest measures in the step S5 are implemented as that the excavation is stopped when the tunneling machine tunnels and excavates along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel for 2-3 m, fresh air is sent by a special tunnel fan, fresh air is sent by a rear jet fan, dirty air is discharged to the hole by the jet fan, and the like, the fresh air is sent into the tunnel to avoid the situation of oxygen scarcity in a limited space, and the dust is reduced by spraying or sprinkling, so that a constructor is prevented from sucking a large amount of smoke dust during construction; and controlling the tunneling machine to move back to the lane crossing position, driving a mucking vehicle to a mucking area formed by cutting of the tunneling machine, and loading mucking by using a loader.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention relates to a tunnel mechanical excavation method for soft rock stratum, which is characterized in that a tunnel stratum classification fuzzy comprehensive evaluation index system is established through three factors of a rock RQD value, a rock firmness coefficient f and excavated water inflow amount, evaluation index weight is determined through an analytic hierarchy process, a matrix according to the rock RQD value, the rock firmness coefficient f and the excavated water inflow amount is listed, then the matrix is judged, the weight corresponding to the index is calculated through a summation method, and the weight is calculated through the matrixThe W and the maximum eigenvalue lambda of the matrix are obtained by over calculation max Then let the average random consistency index be
And (3) obtaining reasonable calculation, calculating the membership Ri of each index by using a membership function, wherein the membership function is characterized in that: for example, when U1 is more than 50% in engineering, the index is 1 for a highly-extruded stratum, the membership degree for a slightly-extruded stratum and a clastic stratum is 0, and the other indexes are calculated in the same way, and different index combinations obtain a membership degree matrix R = { R = (R) } 1 ,R 2 ,R 3 } T And finally, determining the stratum type by defining a formula D = A · B, and selecting the excavation machine according to the determined stratum type, so that the machine corresponding to the construction working condition can be accurately selected before construction.
2. The invention relates to a soft rock tunnel excavation construction method, which is characterized in that construction is carried out after the machine is subjected to model selection according to the stratum conditions, and a mechanical combination excavation method is applied, so that the overbreak and underexcavation of the tunnel with the complex stratum are controlled, the stability of surrounding rocks is improved, the tunnel construction safety is ensured, the construction cost and the management cost are reduced, and the construction period requirement is met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the mechanical excavation method for the soft rock stratum tunnel according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the soft rock tunnel excavation construction method of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a lane crossing of the mechanical excavation method and construction method for the soft rock stratum tunnel according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a pattern selection diagram of different heading machines of the mechanical excavation method and construction method for the soft rock stratum tunnel;
FIG. 5 is a layout diagram of an infrared direction indicator of the mechanical excavation method and construction method of the soft rock stratum tunnel according to the invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of face cutting in the mechanical excavation method and construction method of the soft rock stratum tunnel according to the invention.
Icon: 1-palm surface; 2-a mucking area; 3-a heading machine conversion area; 4-a heading machine transformer area; 5-longitudinally milling and digging a head by a single-arm heading machine; 6-highly squeezed formation; 7-transversely milling and digging a head by a milling and digging machine; 8-lightly crush the formation; 9-single hook or double hook of single hook or double hook development machine; 10-a clastic formation; 11-a ventilation belt; 12-infrared director.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, it being understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for the purpose of explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
A soft rock stratum tunnel mechanical excavation method is characterized in that the model selection of excavation machinery is designed, and the design method comprises the following steps of:
establishing a tunnel stratum classification fuzzy comprehensive evaluation index system according to three factors of a rock RQD value, a rock firmness coefficient f and an excavated water inflow amount, wherein the relationship between tunnel stratum classification and each index is shown in a table 1, wherein U1 represents the rock RQD value, U2 represents the rock firmness coefficient, and U3 represents the excavated water inflow amount;
TABLE 1 relationship between tunnel stratigraphic classification and indices
| Stratigraphic classification | U 1 | U 2 | U 3 |
| Highly compacted formations | ＞50％ | ＞2 | ＞0.75 |
| Lightly squeezed formation | 25％～50％ | 1.5～2 | 0.3～0.75 |
| Clastic formation | ＜25％ | ＜1.5 | ＜0.3 |
Note: according to the excavation condition, the tunnel water inflow is small, the value is less than 0.3, the medium water inflow is defined as 0.3-0.75, and the large water inflow is defined as more than 0.75.
And step two, determining the weight of the evaluation index according to an analytic hierarchy process, wherein the judgment moment of the evaluation index determined according to a scale 1-9 evaluation method is shown in table 2.
Step three, as shown in Table 2, the maximum eigenvalue lambda of the W matrix corresponding to the index can be obtained by the summation method according to the matrix max CI =0.009, and let the average random consistency index be
Therefore, the consistency test is passed, and the calculation is reasonable
Calculating the membership Ri of each index by using a membership function, wherein the membership function is characterized as follows: for example, when U1 is more than 50% in the project, the degree of membership of the index to the highly-squeezed stratum 6 is 1, the degree of membership to the lightly-squeezed stratum 8 and the clastic stratum 10 is 0, and the calculation of other indexes is similar to the calculation, and the degree of membership is obtained by combining different indexesMatrix R = { R 1 ,R 2 ,R 3 } T The total membership vector for the tunnel-stratum classification is found by the formula B = W · R, where W is the weight vector of the previously found indicator.
Defining evaluation values corresponding to different stratums around the tunnel as shown in table 3, defining a formula D = A · B, calculating a comprehensive evaluation value D by using the formula, comparing the comprehensive evaluation value D with the evaluation values of the different stratums in table 3, and determining the stratum where the tunnel is located at the moment as the stratum type if the comprehensive evaluation value is close to the evaluation value of the stratum, wherein A = {3,2,1} is vector expression of the evaluation values of the different stratums.
TABLE 3 stratigraphic classifications
| Stratigraphic classification | Evaluation value |
| Highly compacted |
3 |
| Lightly squeezed |
2 |
| Clastic formation | 1 |
And step six, selecting different mechanical excavations according to the stratum in the step five.
In the process of calculating the weight corresponding to the evaluation index in the third step, the weight vector W = {0.5571,0.3202,0.1227} and the maximum eigenvalue λ of the matrix are obtained from the judgment matrix of the evaluation index determined by the 1-9 scale scoring method, with the table shown in table 2 as the result of the weight calculation max =3.0180 and CI =0.009, then let the average randomThe index of consistency is
This indicates that the calculation is reasonable by the consistency check.
TABLE 2 decision matrix
| Target layer D | U 1 | U 2 | U 3 |
| U 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| U 2 | 1/2 | 1 | 3 |
| U 3 | 1/4 | 1/3 | 1 |
In the process of solving the total membership vector of the tunnel stratum classification in the fourth step, the membership function is used for calculating the membership Ri of each index, and the membership function is characterized as follows: for example, when U1 > 50% in the project, the index is highly compressiveThe layer 6 is 1, the membership degrees of the slightly-squeezed stratum 8 and the clastic stratum 10 are both 0, the calculation of other indexes is similar, and different index combinations obtain a membership degree matrix R = { R = (R) } 1 ,R 2 ,R 3 } T The total membership vector for the tunnel-stratum classification is found by the formula B = W · R, where W is the weight vector of the previously found indicator.
Adopting different machines to excavate according to different stratums in the sixth step, and adopting a longitudinal milling and excavating head 5 of a single-arm heading machine if the stratum type is judged to be highly extruded with the stratum 6 in the mechanical type selection process, wherein the longitudinal milling and excavating head 5 of the single-arm heading machine has strong cutting capability and is suitable for excavating the stratum; if the stratum type is judged to be slightly squeezed in the mechanical type selection process, the milling and excavating machine transverse milling and excavating head 7 is adopted, and the milling and excavating machine transverse milling and excavating head 7 is high in cutting and excavating efficiency and suitable for excavating the stratum; if the stratum type is judged to be the clastic stratum 10 in the mechanical type selection process, the single hook or double hooks 9 of the single-hook or double-hook heading machine are adopted to replace an excavator bucket, and the single hook or double hooks 9 of the single-hook or double-hook heading machine have deep hook cutting capacity, are flexible and convenient, and are suitable for excavating the stratum, as shown in fig. 4.
The invention relates to a soft rock stratum tunnel mechanical excavation method, which mainly aims at the mechanical model selection design for coping with different stratum conditions in the early construction period, establishes a stratum classification fuzzy comprehensive evaluation index system according to three factors of a rock RQD value, a rock firmness coefficient f and excavation water inflow, lists a relation table of tunnel stratum classification and each evaluation index, determines the evaluation index weight according to an analytic hierarchy process, determines a judgment matrix of the evaluation index according to a 1-9 scale evaluation method, lists the judgment matrix as a table, calculates the membership Ri of each index by using a membership function, and combines different indexes to obtain a membership matrix R = { R }, wherein the evaluation index weight is determined according to a 1-9 scale evaluation method 1 ,R 2 ,R 3 } T Calculating the total membership vector of the tunnel stratum classification through a formula B = W · R, then defining corresponding evaluation values of different stratums around the tunnel, obtaining a comprehensive evaluation value D according to the type division of the tunnel stratum previously performed and the definition of a formula D = A · B, and comparing the comprehensive evaluation value D with the evaluation values of all stratumsIf the comprehensive evaluation value D is close to the evaluation value of the stratum, the stratum where the tunnel is located is the stratum, mechanical type selection is performed after the type of the stratum where the tunnel is located is determined, if the stratum type is highly-extruded stratum 6, a longitudinal milling and digging head 5 of a single-arm heading machine is adopted, if the stratum type is lightly-extruded stratum 8, a transverse milling and digging head 7 of the milling and digging machine is adopted, and if the stratum type is in a chippy stratum 10, a single hook or double hooks 9 of a single-hook or double-hook heading machine is adopted to replace a bucket of the heading machine.
Example 2
A soft rock tunnel excavation construction method begins to excavate a tunnel after the mechanical model selection design is completed, and the excavation construction method is as shown in figure 2;
s1, construction preparation is carried out before excavation, and a temporary construction finishing area is divided according to the field condition so as to meet the requirements of vehicle staggering and parking during field construction;
s2, positioning an excavation contour line of the tunnel;
s3, designing an excavation end face, and excavating according to a distributed strip-block method;
s4, excavating each part of the tunnel face 1;
s5, setting other measures in the tunnel;
s6, performing primary support on the excavated area, wherein the primary support comprises a vertical frame, an anchor rod and sprayed concrete;
the preparation of the construction in the step S1 includes the construction of the wrong-way and the transverse passage, and the construction completion area is temporarily divided into a mucking area 2, a heading machine conversion area 3 and a heading machine transformer area 4, and the clear area of the wrong-way construction section is consistent with that of the tunnel, so that the requirements of the excavation machine for wrong operation and parking of the mucking vehicle are met, as shown in fig. 3.
The piled excavation contour lines are positioned in the step S2, the excavation contour lines are mainly positioned through the infrared director 12, and the ventilation belt 11 is arranged in the tunnel, so that the excavation contour lines are accurate.
The infrared direction indicator 12 is arranged at the inner side of the tunnel body of the primary support, the infrared direction indicators 12 are respectively arranged at the arch waist, the arch foot and the side wall, and the infrared direction indicators 12 are arranged at each position and are symmetrically arranged according to the center line of the tunnel, so that the positioning is more accurate and comprehensive, as shown in fig. 5.
In the step S3, the excavation section is designed to be excavated according to the characteristics of the heading machine by a distributed strip-block method, the height of each vertical block is 0.8 to 1.2m during excavation, each left block and each right block are divided into 8 to 10 blocks according to the excavation width, and the excavation depth is 0.5m at each step, as shown in fig. 6.
The other measures in the step S5 are implemented by stopping excavation when the development machine performs development excavation along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel for 2-3 m, randomly adopting a tunnel special fan to send fresh air, adopting a rear jet fan to send fresh air, adopting a jet fan to discharge dirt air out of the tunnel and the like, and comprehensively performing air supply and exhaust measures for avoiding low oxygen content in the tunnel because the tunnel is internally a limited space, and adopting spraying or watering to reduce dust, so that constructors are prevented from sucking smoke dust during construction; and controlling the tunneling machine to move back to the lane crossing position, driving a mucking vehicle to a mucking area formed by cutting of the tunneling machine, and loading mucking by using a loader.
The invention is a soft rock tunnel excavation construction method, begin to prepare to carry on the construction of the lane crossing and cross passage after the machine is carried on the model selection, and divide the temporary area of construction completion into mucking car area 2, tunneller conversion area 3, tunneller transformer area 4, carry on the construction to the tunnel after the area division is finished, set up the ventilating zone 11 to keep the air circulation inside the tunnel in the tunnel while constructing, then adopt the infrared director 12 to position the contour line of excavation, arrange the infrared director 12 inside the preliminary bracing, the infrared director 12 positions are arch waist, arch foot and side wall separately and each position sets up two infrared directors 12, and the infrared directors 12 are arranged symmetrically according to the tunnel central line; after the infrared direction indicator 12 is installed, a measurer positions, rechecks and repositions the emitted infrared profile, rechecks every two circulating measurers, moves forward every 350 meters once to ensure the positioning accuracy, designs an excavation section after positioning, excavates according to a distribution strip-block method, the height of each vertical block is 0.8-1.2 m, each left block and each right block are divided into 8-10 blocks according to the excavation width, the excavation depth is 0.5m at each step, then, when an excavator excavates 2-3 m along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, excavation is stopped, a special fan for the tunnel is adopted to send fresh air into the tunnel, so that sufficient oxygen can be contained in a limited space to avoid construction accidents, a jet fan is adopted to send fresh air to the rear side, dirty air is discharged out of the tunnel, air supply and exhaust are carried out simultaneously, and spraying or sprinkling water is adopted to the inside of the tunnel; and controlling the tunneling machine to retreat to the lane crossing, driving a mucking vehicle to a mucking area formed by cutting of the tunneling machine, loading mucking by using a loader, and immediately performing primary support on an excavated area after mucking, wherein the primary support comprises a vertical frame, an anchor rod and sprayed concrete.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A soft rock stratum tunnel mechanical excavation method is characterized by comprising a method for mechanically selecting types, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a tunnel stratum classification fuzzy comprehensive evaluation index system according to three factors of a rock RQD value, a rock firmness coefficient f and the excavated water inflow, wherein U1 represents the rock RQD value, U2 represents the rock firmness coefficient, and U3 represents the excavated water inflow;
s2, determining the weight of the evaluation index according to an analytic hierarchy process;
s3, judging the matrix according to the index weight, and obtaining a weight calculation result corresponding to the index by using a summation method to obtain W and lambda max Let the average random consensus indicator be RI, RI =0.58,
s4, calculating the membership Ri of each index by using a membership function;
s5, according to the corresponding evaluation values of different stratums around the tunnel, expressing vectors of the evaluation values of the different stratums through a formula D = A.B, calculating a comprehensive evaluation value D by using the formula, and comparing the D with the evaluation values of the different stratums to find out which stratum the stratum belongs to;
and S6, determining different adaptive mechanical equipment according to the stratum to finish the determination of the excavation method.
2. The mechanical excavation method for a soft rock formation tunnel according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, a weight calculation result corresponding to the index is obtained by a summation method according to the determination matrix, the result is W = {0.5571,0.3202,0.1227}, and a maximum eigenvalue λ of the matrix is λ = {0.5571,0.3202,0.1227} max =3.0180,ci =0.009, re-averaged randomness consistency index RI, RI =0.58,
therefore, the calculation is reasonable through the consistency test, wherein W is the weight vector of the index.
3. The mechanical excavation method for the soft rock formation tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 of calculating the membership degree Ri of each index by using a membership function means that a membership degree matrix R = { R = is obtained according to different index combinations 1 ,R 2 ,R 3 } T Then, the total membership vector of the tunnel stratum classification is obtained by the formula B = W · R, where W is the weight vector of the index.
4. The mechanical excavation method for the soft rock stratum tunnel according to claim 1, wherein different mechanical excavation is adopted according to different strata in the step S6, and the mechanical type selection corresponding to the different strata specifically comprises: if the stratum type is a highly-extruded stratum (6), a longitudinal milling and digging head (5) of a single-arm heading machine is adopted; if the stratum type is a slightly-squeezed stratum (8), a milling and digging machine is adopted to transversely mill and dig the head (7); if the stratum type is a clastic stratum (10), a single hook or double hooks (9) of a single hook or double hook heading machine is adopted.
5. A soft rock tunnel excavation construction method is characterized in that the type selection is carried out according to the type selection design method of the complex changeable soft rock tunnel construction machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and the method comprises the following steps of;
s51, construction preparation, namely dividing temporary areas for construction completion;
s52, positioning the excavation contour line;
s53, designing an excavation end face;
s54, excavating each part of the tunnel face (1);
s55, setting other measures in the tunnel;
and S56, performing primary support on the excavated area.
6. The soft rock tunnel excavation construction method according to claim 5, wherein the construction preparation in the step S51 includes performing a lane crossing and a crosswalk construction, and the construction completion area is temporarily divided into a mucking car area (2), a heading machine conversion area (3), and a heading machine transformer area (4).
7. The soft rock tunnel excavation construction method according to claim 5, wherein the excavation contour line is positioned in the step S52, and the positioning device adopts an infrared ray direction indicator (12).
8. The soft rock tunnel excavation construction method of claim 7, wherein the infrared ray direction indicators (12) are arranged at the inner tunnel body of the primary support, the infrared ray direction indicators (12) are respectively arranged at the arch waist, the arch foot and the side wall, and are respectively arranged at 2 places, and the infrared ray direction indicators (12) are symmetrically arranged according to the center line of the tunnel.
9. The soft rock tunnel excavation construction method of claim 5, wherein in the step S53, excavation is performed according to a distributed strip-block method on the excavation section design according to the characteristics of a heading machine, the height of each vertical block is 0.8-1.2 m, each left block and each right block are divided into 8-10 blocks according to the excavation width, and the excavation depth is 0.5m at each step.
10. The soft rock tunnel excavation construction method according to claim 5, wherein the other measures in the step S55 include fan blowing, air exhausting, dust settling and slag tapping.
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| CN116756836A (en) * | 2023-08-16 | 2023-09-15 | 中南大学 | Tunnel super-undermining volume calculation method, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN116756836B (en) * | 2023-08-16 | 2023-11-14 | 中南大学 | Tunnel super-undermining volume calculation method, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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