CN115854564B - Solar tracking and focusing system based on photo-thermal mining moon polar region water ice method and design method - Google Patents
Solar tracking and focusing system based on photo-thermal mining moon polar region water ice method and design method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A solar tracking and focusing system and a design method based on a photo-thermal mining moon polar region water ice method belong to the technical field of photo-thermal mining polar region water ice. In order to exploit water ice resources existing in the south pole of the moon, and simultaneously reduce the cost as much as possible, the photo-thermal energy is selected to be used as the energy source for water ice exploitation. However, due to the change of the angle of sunlight and the exploitation position, the sunlight rays need to be tracked and converged, and meanwhile, the light path is adjusted in real time, so that the light rays can irradiate to the exploitation mechanism. Therefore, the invention provides a reflection-condensation system integrating solar ray tracing and solar energy collecting functions, which can realize the integral movement and ray alignment with the pit bottom heat collecting device as a target and realize the tracing of sunlight and the timely adjustment of a light path in the whole time. The system provided with three sets of identical devices not only improves the whole redundancy, but also realizes the light path design under all angles and all positions. The invention fully utilizes the advantage of sufficient light radiation resources of the near-permanent illumination area of the south pole of the moon, considers the solar movement, avoids the light path problem caused by mechanism restriction, and provides energy guarantee for the photo-thermal mining area water ice method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a solar tracking and concentrating system based on a photo-thermal mining moon polar region water ice method and a design method, relates to a technology for tracking and concentrating sunlight of a moon south pole near-permanent illumination region, and belongs to the technical field of photo-thermal mining polar region water ice.
Background
The document [1] proposes a method for exploiting and collecting water ice on the surface layer of the moon by using a heating method, which essentially provides energy for the water ice by using the heating method, and exploits and collects the water ice by using the phase change of the water ice, and can meet the requirement of exploiting the water ice after reasonable distribution of heating efficiency and heat pipe layout. The article gives two different schemes of heating efficiency and heat pipe layout, respectively, calculating time and energy cost. However, because the energy source is from a radioisotope battery self-contained in the water ice exploitation mechanism, the energy cost of both schemes is relatively high. This method of using electrical energy as a source of energy not only greatly increases the quality of the water ice extraction mechanism, but also severely limits the time and efficiency of extraction, and thus the manner of energy supply is not suitable for long-term water ice extraction operations.
Document [2] comprehensively analyzes various types of existing solar collectors, and starting from the problems of the conventional energy sources, analyzes the advantages of solar energy as a renewable energy source. Various types of heat collectors, including flat panels, compound parabolic surfaces, vacuum tubes, parabolic troughs, fresnel lenses, parabolic dish and heliostat field heat collectors, are described, as are typical applications of such heat collectors. Four of the solar photo-thermal power generation technologies, namely the groove type solar photo-thermal power generation technology, the linear Fresnel type solar photo-thermal power generation technology, the dish type solar photo-thermal power generation technology and the tower type solar photo-thermal power generation technology which are widely applied are good and bad, and the solar photo-thermal power generation technology has commercial application and can be used as a reference for solar photo-thermal collection of a lunar surface.
Document [3] proposes a reflective tower bottom solar collector incorporating a secondary mirror in a conventional tower collector. Such reflective tower bottom solar collectors typically consist of a heliostat field, a tower reflector, and a compound parabolic concentrator. The tower reflector for secondarily reflecting the solar rays is arranged at the top end of the heat collection tower where the receiver is originally arranged, so that the propagation direction of the primary concentrated rays is changed, and the rays are vertically downward. The design concept is convenient for the arrangement of final equipment, and can reduce the cost of secondary transmission of energy from the tower top. The thought can also be applied to the design of the lunar surface heat collector.
[1]Julie B,Thomas M,Philip M.Thermal extraction of water ice from the lunar surface-A 3D numerical model[J].Planetary and Space Science,vol.193,2020,105082,ISSN 0032-0063.
[2]Soteris A.Kalogirou.Solar Thermal Collectors and Applications[J].Energy and Combustion Science，2004，30(3):231-295.
[3]Diago M,Calvet N,Armstrong P R.Net power maximization from a faceted beam-down solar concentrator-ScienceDirect[J].Solar Energy,2020,204:476-488.
The document CN113356855a discloses a moon water ice mining method for the prior art, which firstly detects the position where water ice is abundant in a pit by a neutron spectrometer in a movable base station positioned at the edge of a shadow pit, then launches a weather blasting bomb to the detected position, then launches an escape-preventing cover which can be spread in mid-air to the blasted position, covers the blasted pit, then guides a condensing lens in the base station to irradiate the converged sunlight into the blasted pit through the escape-preventing cover, collects the sublimated water ice due to sunlight heating by a cold trap collector in the escape-preventing cover, and can be recovered into the base station after the collection is completed. Solves the technical problem that the prior art can not realize the water resource exploitation in the extremely low-temperature vacuum environment of the moon, and provides a moon water ice exploitation method. The invention can mine the moon water ice in situ on a large scale with high efficiency and no pollution. However, this prior document is not exhaustive of how real-time tracking and concentration of solar rays can be achieved by continuously powering the mining equipment.
In summary, in the prior art, it is not considered that a near-permanent illumination area exists in a moon south pole, sunlight can be received for more than 90% of time on average, the light energy is sufficient, the solar altitude angle is always low for a moon polar region, the vertical change is not more than 4 degrees, and only the altitude angle has a periodic change with a larger angle. In this case, it is important how to ensure the stability of the energy supply, i.e. to supply the energy to the production equipment as continuously as possible, and how to achieve real-time tracking and concentration of the solar rays to continuously supply the energy to the production equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that:
the invention aims to ensure the stability of energy supply, and realizes the real-time tracking and gathering of solar rays for long-time collection and utilization of solar energy so as to continuously supply energy for exploitation equipment, thereby providing a solar tracking and gathering system and a design method based on a photo-thermal exploitation moon region water ice method.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a solar tracking and concentrating system based on a photo-thermal extraction moon region water ice method, characterized in that it comprises at least one set of solar tracking and concentrating devices comprising:
The system comprises an integrally movable platform and a large turntable for adjusting integral direction, wherein a reflection system formed by an azimuth turntable, a connecting rod, a first pitching rotation mechanism, a plane mirror and a sun sensor arranged at the center point of a mirror surface of the plane mirror and a light focusing system formed by a combined light collecting mirror, a supporting mechanism and a second pitching rotation mechanism are arranged on the large turntable;
the platform meets the angle requirement between the light condensing system and the heat collector (heat collecting device) through position movement and angle rotation (large turntable); the reflecting system realizes the real-time feedback of the position of the sun sensor, and the rotating mechanism (azimuth rotary table and pitching rotating mechanism) and the connecting rod are utilized to adjust the posture and the height of the reflecting mirror (plane mirror), so that the solar rays are ensured to be parallelly injected into the condensing system at a fixed angle after being reflected by the plane mirror; the condensing system adjusts the pitch angle through the second pitching rotating mechanism, so that the condensing system is aligned with the pit bottom water ice exploitation heat collector, and incident light forms a beam of strong light to irradiate on the heat collector after being reflected twice, and tracking of solar light and collection and utilization of solar energy are realized.
Further, the sun tracking and concentrating system comprises two or more sets of sun tracking and concentrating devices;
The two or more sets of sun tracking and collecting devices are uniformly distributed on the circumference taking the heat collector on the water collecting mechanism as the center, so that the angles of strong light beams emitted by the light collecting systems of the two or more sets of sun tracking and collecting devices are the same.
Further, the sun tracking and collecting system comprises three sets of sun tracking and collecting devices, so that the solar rays are ensured to continuously shoot into the heat collector;
if the three sets of sun tracking and collecting devices meet the reflection requirement, the three sets of devices work independently, and three sets of parallel light are injected into the heat collector;
if the two sets of sun tracking and collecting devices meet the reflection requirement, the two sets of devices work independently, and two sets of parallel light are injected into the heat collector;
if the sun tracking and condensing devices meet the reflection requirement, the device works independently, and a group of parallel light is injected into the heat collector;
if all the three sets of sun tracking and condensing devices do not meet the reflection requirement, the third set of sun tracking and condensing device is compensated by two sets of sun tracking and condensing devices, and a group of parallel light enters the heat collector.
Further, the platform on the sun tracking and focusing device is designed to be a platform with free movement and free steering, the platform can be adaptively modified by taking a lunar vehicle as a prototype, the reflection system and the light focusing system are carried as loads, and the adjustment of the light path is completed on the movable platform (taking the fact that the terrain near the lunar water ice exploitation area is complex and not suitable for large-scale movement, only a small part of the flat area is needed to be selected for the arrangement of the platform, and the platform with strong movement capability is not needed).
Furthermore, the platform is also provided with communication equipment and a control system, control information is obtained through the communication equipment and is transmitted to the control system, and the control system is used for adjusting the orientation of the reflecting system and the focusing system, so that the orientation position of the strong light beam emitted by the focusing system is controlled.
Further, a sun sensor is arranged on the large turntable and used for acquiring the altitude angle and the azimuth angle of the sun and transmitting the altitude angle and the azimuth angle to a control system; according to the sunlight position, namely the sunlight position signal is obtained through a sun sensor and then transmitted to a control system, the angle of the reflecting mirror (plane mirror) is adjusted through the azimuth rotary table, the connecting rod and the first pitching rotary mechanism. Sun sensors are a category of the prior art.
Further, the combined condensing lens consists of a large parabolic reflecting mirror and a small parabolic reflecting mirror, wherein the large reflecting mirror is a concave reflecting mirror, and the small reflecting mirror is a convex reflecting mirror, namely the combined condensing lens comprises a large concave reflecting mirror and a small convex reflecting mirror.
A design method of a sun tracking and condensing system based on a photo-thermal extraction moon polar region water ice method, the design method of the system comprising:
step S1: acquiring the position of a heat collector, and adjusting the platform and the orientation of a reflecting system and a condensing system on the platform according to the position of the heat collector:
Step S2: designing a rotation angle of a plane mirror (reflecting mirror) according to the position of sunlight, determining the range of the reflection angle according to the rotation limit of the first pitching rotation mechanism, and designing a rotation angle of an auxiliary reflecting mirror (the plane mirror in the other set of sun tracking and concentrating device) for compensation;
step S3: according to the principle that the light condensing system condenses sunlight, the system quality and the heat collecting efficiency are considered, the sizes and the size ratios of the small convex mirror (the inner convex mirror) and the large concave mirror (the outer concave mirror) are designed, the light intensity amplifying capability is guaranteed, the sunlight is reflected to the light condensing system through the reflecting system, and the sunlight is incident into the heat collector through high-intensity parallel light after the condensing effect of the light condensing system.
Further, the design method of the system comprises the following steps:
step S1: acquiring the position of a heat collector, and adjusting the platform and the orientation of a reflecting system and a condensing system on the platform according to the position of the heat collector:
firstly, a reflection system and a light condensing system which are mounted on a platform are subjected to light path adjustment on a movable platform, and a relatively flat area is selected for arranging the platform;
secondly, after the communication is carried out through the heat collector and the position of the heat collector is obtained, the height of a focus of the light condensing system from the ground and the distance from the pit edge are considered, and the angle and the height of the combined light condensing lens (the small convex lens and the large concave lens) and the distance and the rotating angle of the platform which need to be moved are calculated, wherein the specific calculation is as follows:
Establishing a platform coordinate system O which takes the intersection point of a platform and a collecting lens supporting rod (supporting mechanism) as an origin, is vertical to the platform surface upwards, and is parallel to the platform surface to point to the emitting direction of the collecting lens in the y-axis and simultaneously meets the right-hand rule 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The obtained position of the heat collector is (x, y, z), the central height of the small convex mirror (condenser) is H, the distance between the small convex mirror and the pit edge is L,
platform corner:
platform movement distance:
combining the angles of the condensing lenses:
step S2: according to the sunlight position, adjusting the angle of the reflecting mirror;
in order to make the sun rays reflected and incident into the condensing system as much as possible, the central point of the plane mirror (reflecting mirror) needs to be adjusted, namely, firstly, the height H of the central point of the reflecting mirror is calculated according to the height H of the small convex mirror and the calculated angle theta of the combined condensing mirror, so that the center of the plane mirror (reflecting mirror), the focal point of the combined condensing mirror and the center of the heat collector are three-point one-line, and the three-point condensing mirror is specifically calculated as follows:
let the horizontal distance from the center of the plane mirror (reflector) to the focal point of the condenser be l, the center height change of the reflector is:
Δh＝-l·tanθ
the reflection system acquires the solar altitude angle theta by carrying a solar sensor s And azimuth angle phi s Considering the combination of the condenser angle theta and the rotation limit of the pitching rotation mechanism, calculating whether the rotation limit requirement is met or not, and simultaneously calculating the angle position of the normal line of the reflecting mirror, wherein the specific calculation is as follows:
Establishing a reflection coordinate system O taking the center of a plane mirror (reflecting mirror) as an origin, enabling a z-axis to be vertical to the plane surface upwards, enabling a y-axis to be parallel to the plane surface and directed to the emitting direction of a condensing mirror, and simultaneously meeting the right-hand rule 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Consider that solar rays are incident rays, the angle (θ s ,φ s ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The condensing system requires the light to be emergent light, and the angle is (theta, 0); setting the limited rotation angle of the pitching rotation mechanism to be larger than theta d The azimuth angle rotation angle is controlled by the bottom turntable without being limited by the rotation angle, and the initial state is considered to be the plane of the reflecting mirror and zO 2 The y-plane is parallel;
angle of rotation of the mirror about the z-axis:
since the rotation angle is only related to the solar azimuth angle and is in a linear relation, and the solar azimuth angle is periodically changed, the rotation angle speed is only synchronous with the change rate of the solar azimuth angle.
When the altitude meets the limit requirement, i.eWhen the solar rays are considered to be reflected by one mirror and then are emitted into the condensing system at a required angle theta, the three sets of reflecting-condensing systems can work independently.
At this time, normal line and xO 2 Angle of y-plane:
if the height angle does not meet the limit requirement, i.eIn this case, it is considered that the solar rays cannot be reflected by the one-side mirror and then enter the condensing system at a desired angle θ. At this time, the reflection system part of another set of reflection-condensation system is called to carry out auxiliary adjustment of the light path. Introducing a second surface reflector, and establishing a three-axis and reflection coordinate system O by taking the center of the second surface reflector as an original point 2 Three axes parallel respectively of the reflection coordinate system O 3 Let O be 2 O 3 With xO 3 The included angle of the y plane is theta 12 Let O be 2 O 3 At xO 3 The included angle between the projection of the y plane and the x axis is phi 12 。
In order for both mirrors to meet the constraint requirements, the conditions are:
the preparation method comprises the following steps of:
only when theta d When designed to be negative, both conditions may be met at the same time. Thus when the height angle is satisfiedAt this time, reflection under the condition of meeting the limitation of the rotating mechanism can be realized by the two mirrors.
At this time, O can be set 2 O 3 With xO 3 Included angle theta of y plane 12 Is the midpoint of the upper and lower limits, namely:
at this time, the normal line of the auxiliary reflector and xO 3 Angle of y-plane:
main reflector normal and xO 2 Angle of y-plane:
the main mirror rotates around the z-axis by an angle:
angle of rotation of the auxiliary mirror about the z-axis:
as the angle of rotation of the reflecting system in the two sets of reflecting-condensing systems in the direction around the z-axis can be realized (0 degrees, 360 degrees), no requirement is required for the solar azimuth angle, namely the projection of the incident light on the ground plane and the included angle of the x-axis. Therefore, the two sets of systems have little influence on azimuth and can be set to be a fixed value phi 12 ＝-30°。
If it isAt this time, the two mirrors cannot meet the requirements, and the reflection system part of the third set of reflection-condensation system is required to be introduced to carry out auxiliary adjustment of the light path. At the moment, the three mirrors are shared to participate in light reflection, the overall design thought is similar to that of two sides, and a three-axis and reflection coordinate system O is established by taking the center of the third mirror as an origin 3 Three axes parallel respectively of the reflection coordinate system O 4 Let O be 3 O 4 With xO 4 The included angle of the y plane is theta 23 Let O be 3 O 4 At xO 4 The included angle between the projection of the y plane and the x axis is phi 23 . The design conditions were as follows:
at this time, O can be set 2 O 3 With xO 3 Included angle theta of y plane 12 The method comprises the following steps:
at this time, O can be set 3 O 4 With xO 4 Included angle theta of y plane 23 The method comprises the following steps:
at this time, the normal line of the second auxiliary reflector and xO 4 Angle of y-plane:
at this time, the normal line of the first auxiliary reflector and xO 3 Angle of y-plane:
main reflector normal and xO 2 Angle of y-plane:
due to the solar altitude angle theta s The absolute value of the value is not large, and the variation range is not large, so that the influence on the altitude condition basically only needs to consider the condition of heat collectionAnd the change of the condenser angle theta caused by the change of the position of the condenser. Because θ ε (-90, 0), it can be approximated asWhen the pitching rotation mechanism is designed, the rotation limiting angle theta d When the temperature is between minus 15 degrees, the three sets of reflection-condensation systems can completely meet the requirements.
The main mirror rotates around the z-axis by an angle:
first auxiliary mirror rotates angle around z axle:
the second auxiliary reflector rotates around the z-axis by an angle:
similarly, the angle of the reflecting system in the three sets of reflecting-condensing systems rotating around the z-axis direction can be realized (0 degree, 360 degrees), so that a fixed value phi can be set 23 = -180 ° while satisfying phi 13 ＝-150°。
Step S3: after the sunlight is aligned and tracked by one or more sets of reflecting systems, the sunlight is injected into the combined condensing lens by a set of parallel light, and the angle is consistent with the inclination angle of the combined condensing lens; the pitching rotation mechanism is utilized to adjust the pitching angle, and meanwhile, the emergent strong light beams are aligned to the pit bottom collector; the incident light is firstly reflected by the outer concave mirror, and the light is converged at the focus of the paraboloid due to the special property of the reflection of the paraboloid; because the inner convex mirror with one side being in confocal point with the concave mirror is arranged, the light is equivalent to being injected into the convex focus, and the light is reflected out in a group of parallel light because the light path is reversible; when the size of the convex mirror is smaller, the group of parallel light can be compressed into a beam of strong light to emit, so that the effect of converging sunlight is achieved.
Further, the design of the combined condensing lens comprising the large concave lens 2 and the small convex lens 1 is as follows:
in order to ensure that enough incident sunlight is collected, the radius of the outer concave mirror is set to be between 2m and 3m, and the inner convex mirror and the outer concave mirror are in confocal point; in order to facilitate the strong light beam to be emitted out of the condenser, the center of the outer concave mirror is provided with a small hole, and the inner diameter of the small hole is 1.1-1.2 times of the outer diameter of the inner convex mirror; in order to realize the continuity of the two steps of condensation and heat collection, the strong light beam can be ensured to irradiate into the heat collector of the water collecting mechanism, and the surface area of the inner convex mirror is 1.1-1.2 times of the sectional area of the heat collector; the radius ratio of the large concave mirror 2 to the small convex mirror 1 is 3-5 times, the radius of the inner convex mirror is 0.5-0.8 m, and the solar light intensity can be amplified by 8-24 times.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention provides a reflection-condensation system integrating solar ray tracking and solar energy collection functions, which is innovatively designed for a condensation system for providing energy in a method for exploiting water ice based on solar radiation energy. Considering that a near-permanent illumination area exists in a south pole of a moon, sunlight can be received for more than 90% of time on average, the light energy is sufficient, the altitude angle of the sun is always low for the polar region of the moon, the up-down change is not more than 4 degrees, and only the altitude angle has a periodic change with a larger angle. Thus, it is reasonably feasible to utilize solar radiation energy for south pole water ice mining of the moon. In order to ensure the stability of the energy supply, i.e. to supply the mining equipment with energy as continuously as possible, it is necessary to achieve real-time tracking and concentration of the solar rays. Therefore, the invention provides a reflection-condensation system which is designed to track sunlight and collect solar energy in an integrated way and is used for realizing long-time collection and utilization of the solar energy.
In order to exploit water ice resources existing in the south pole of the moon, and simultaneously reduce the cost as much as possible, the photo-thermal energy is selected to be used as the energy source for water ice exploitation. However, due to the change of the angle of sunlight and the exploitation position, the sunlight rays need to be tracked and converged, and meanwhile, the light path is adjusted in real time, so that the light rays can irradiate to the exploitation mechanism. The integrated movement and light alignment with the pit bottom heat collection device as a target can be realized, and the sunlight can be tracked and the light path can be timely adjusted in the whole time. The system provided with three sets of identical devices not only improves the whole redundancy, but also realizes the light path design under all angles and all positions. The invention fully utilizes the advantage of sufficient light radiation resources of the near-permanent illumination area of the south pole of the moon, considers the solar movement, avoids the light path problem caused by mechanism restriction, and provides energy guarantee for the photo-thermal mining area water ice method.
The system comprises a platform which is wholly movable, a large turntable which is used for adjusting the integral direction, a reflection system which is arranged on the large turntable and consists of a plane mirror, a sun sensor, an azimuth turntable and a pitching rotation mechanism, and a light focusing system which is arranged on the large turntable and consists of a large concave mirror, a small convex mirror, a supporting mechanism and a pitching rotation mechanism. The platform meets the angle requirement between the light condensing system and the heat collector through position movement and angle rotation. The reflecting system realizes the real-time feedback of the position of the sun sensor, and the rotating mechanism and the connecting rod 7 are utilized to adjust the posture and the height of the reflecting mirror, so that the solar rays are enabled to be parallelly injected into the condensing system at a fixed angle after being reflected by the plane mirror; the condensing system is aligned with the pit bottom water ice exploitation heat collector by adjusting the pitch angle, so that incident light forms a beam of strong light to irradiate on the heat collector after being reflected twice, and tracking of solar light and collection and utilization of solar energy are realized. In addition, two identical devices are arranged on an arc taking the heat collector as the center and the distance between the heat collector and the reflection-condensation system as the radius, so that the angles of strong light beams emitted by the condensation systems of the three devices are identical. When one set of device meets the reflection requirement, the three sets of devices work independently, and when the other two sets of devices do not meet the reflection requirement, the compensation is performed.
In order to ensure that enough incident sunlight is collected, the radius of the outer concave mirror is set to be between 2m and 3m, and the inner convex mirror and the outer concave mirror are in confocal point. In order to facilitate the strong light beam to be emitted out of the condenser lens, the center of the outer concave lens is provided with a small hole, and the size of the small hole is slightly larger than that of the inner convex lens. The size ratio of the inner convex mirror to the outer concave mirror determines the overall quality of the system, and also determines the intensity magnification, while the size of the inner convex mirror directly determines the intensity of the intense beam. In order to realize the continuity of the two steps of condensation and heat collection, the strong light beam can be firstly ensured to irradiate into the vacuum tube heat collector of the water collecting mechanism, and the surface area of the inner convex mirror can be slightly larger than the sectional area of the heat collector. In comprehensive consideration, the size ratio is preferably 3-5, the radius of the inner convex mirror is set between 0.5m and 0.8m, and the solar light intensity can be amplified by 8-24 times. This gives a compromise in heat collection efficiency while also reducing overall mass as much as possible.
The solar water heater is matched with a water collecting mechanism (comprising a vacuum tube type solar heat collector) for use, and finally, the exploitation of water ice in a moon region by utilizing solar heat is completed. The vacuum tube type solar heat collector is used, the outer tube and the inner tube are required to be in a vacuum state, and sunlight penetrates through the outer tube and irradiates on the selective absorption layer of the inner tube. The absorption layer hardly absorbs radiation in a far infrared region, and heat emitted by blackbody radiation generated by the heat collector when the heat collector is heated is mainly concentrated in the far infrared region, so that solar radiation heat can be absorbed to the greatest extent, and meanwhile, the self radiation and heat dissipation of the heat collector are effectively reduced, and the extremely high light absorption and heat collection efficiency can be achieved. The absorption layer converts solar energy into heat energy, and the heat energy is transferred to the hot end of the built-in heat pipe through the heat exchange material and the aluminum wing. The applicant filed the patent application of the invention about the water collection institution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of lunar region solar altitude and azimuth changes over a year; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of photo-thermal water ice extraction (used in combination with a water extraction mechanism); FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a reflection-condensation system; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a position layout of three sets of reflection-concentration systems; FIG. 5 is a diagram of the working light path of a single set of reflection-concentration system; fig. 6 is a diagram of the operating light path of a multiple set of reflective systems (three sets cooperate, with only one set of parallel light being projected to the collector).
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-6, a solar tracking and concentrating system based on a photo-thermal method for exploiting moon-zone water ice according to the present invention includes at least one solar tracking and concentrating device, which includes: the system comprises an integrally movable platform 10 and a large turntable 9 for adjusting integral pointing, wherein a reflection system formed by an azimuth turntable 8, a connecting rod 7, a first pitching rotation mechanism 6, a plane mirror 5 and a sun sensor arranged at the center point of a mirror surface of the plane mirror and a condensation system formed by a combined condensing mirror, a supporting mechanism 4 and a second pitching rotation mechanism 3 are arranged on the large turntable 9; the platform 10 meets the angle requirement between the light condensing system and the heat collector (heat collecting device) through position movement and angle rotation (large turntable 9); the reflecting system realizes the real-time feedback of the position of the sun sensor, and the rotating mechanism (the azimuth rotary table 8 and the pitching rotary mechanism 6) and the connecting rod 7 are utilized to adjust the posture and the height of the reflecting mirror (the plane mirror 5), so that the solar rays are enabled to be parallelly injected into the condensing system at a fixed angle after being reflected by the plane mirror 5; the condensing system adjusts the pitch angle through the second pitching rotating mechanism 3, so that the condensing system is aligned with the pit bottom water ice exploitation heat collector, and incident light forms a beam of strong light to irradiate on the heat collector after being reflected twice, and tracking of solar light and collection and utilization of solar energy are realized.
The sun tracking and concentrating system comprises two or more sets of sun tracking and concentrating devices; the two or more sets of sun tracking and collecting devices are uniformly distributed on the circumference taking the heat collector on the water collecting mechanism as the center, so that the angles of strong light beams emitted by the light collecting systems of the two or more sets of sun tracking and collecting devices are the same.
The sun tracking and collecting system comprises three sets of sun tracking and collecting devices, so that the solar rays are ensured to continuously shoot into the heat collector; if the three sets of sun tracking and collecting devices meet the reflection requirement, the three sets of devices work independently, and three sets of parallel light are injected into the heat collector; if the two sets of sun tracking and collecting devices meet the reflection requirement, the two sets of devices work independently, and two sets of parallel light are injected into the heat collector; if the sun tracking and condensing devices meet the reflection requirement, the device works independently, and a group of parallel light is injected into the heat collector; if all the three sets of sun tracking and condensing devices do not meet the reflection requirement, the third set of sun tracking and condensing device is compensated by two sets of sun tracking and condensing devices, and a group of parallel light enters the heat collector.
The platform 10 on the solar tracking and focusing device is designed to be a platform with free movement and free steering, can be adaptively modified by taking a lunar vehicle as a prototype, takes a reflection system and a light focusing system as loads for carrying, and completes the adjustment of a light path on the movable platform 10 (considering that the terrain near a lunar water ice exploitation area is complex and not suitable for large-scale movement, only a small part of the relatively flat area is needed for the arrangement of the platform, and the platform with strong movement capability is not needed). The platform 10 is further provided with communication equipment and a control system, control information is obtained through the communication equipment and is transmitted to the control system, and the control system is used for adjusting the orientation of the reflecting system and the focusing system, so that the pointing position of the strong light beam emitted by the focusing system is controlled. The large turntable 9 is provided with a sun sensor for acquiring the altitude angle and the azimuth angle of the sun and transmitting the altitude angle and the azimuth angle to a control system; according to the sunlight position, namely the sunlight position signal is obtained through a sun sensor and then transmitted to a control system, the angle of the reflecting mirror (the plane mirror 5) is adjusted through the azimuth rotary table 8, the connecting rod 7 and the first pitching rotary mechanism 6. Sun sensors are a category of the prior art. The combined condensing lens consists of a large parabolic reflecting mirror and a small parabolic reflecting mirror, wherein the large reflecting mirror is a concave reflecting mirror, and the small reflecting mirror is a convex reflecting mirror, namely the combined condensing lens comprises a large concave reflecting mirror 2 and a small convex reflecting mirror 1.
The design method of the solar tracking and collecting system based on the photo-thermal mining moon region water ice method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
step S1: and acquiring the position of the heat collector, and adjusting the orientation of the platform and the light condensing system.
Firstly, the reflection-condensation system platform is designed to be a platform with free movement and free steering, the lunar rover is used as a prototype for adaptive reconstruction, the reflection system and the condensation system are carried as loads, and the adjustment of the light path is completed on the movable platform. Considering that the topography near the moon water ice exploitation area is complex and is not suitable for large-scale movement, only a small part of the flatter area is selected to carry out the arrangement of the platform, and the platform with strong movement capability is not needed.
Secondly, the reflection-condensation system platform is provided with communication equipment and a control system so as to obtain control information and adjust the direction, thereby controlling the pointing position of the strong light beam emitted by the condensation system. After the combined condenser is communicated with the heat collector and the position of the heat collector is obtained, the height of the focus of the condensing system from the ground and the distance from the focus to the pit edge are considered, and the angle and the height of the combined condenser and the distance and the rotation angle of the platform which need to be moved are calculated. The specific calculation is as follows:
Establishing a platform coordinate system O which takes the intersection point of the platform and the collecting lens supporting rod as an origin, is vertical to the upper surface of the platform along the z-axis, is parallel to the direction of the projecting direction of the collecting lens along the y-axis, and meets the right-hand rule 1 . The obtained position of the heat collector is (x, y, z), the center height of the collecting lens is H, and the distance between the head of the platform and the pit edge is L.
Platform corner:
platform movement distance:
condenser angle:
step S2: and adjusting the angle of the reflecting mirror according to the position of sunlight.
In order to make as much of the solar rays as possible incident on the condensing system after reflection, the mirror center point needs to be adjusted. Firstly, calculating the height H of the central point of the reflector according to the height H of the collecting lens and the calculated angle theta of the collecting lens, so that the center of the reflector, the focal point of the collecting lens and the center of the heat collector are in a line. The specific calculation is as follows:
let the horizontal distance from the reflector center to the focal point of the condenser be l, the obtained reflector center height change is:
Δh＝-l·tanθ
the reflection system acquires the solar altitude angle theta by carrying a solar sensor s And azimuth angle phi s Considering the condenser angle theta and the rotation limit of the pitching rotation mechanism, whether the rotation limit requirement is met is calculated, and meanwhile, the angle position of the normal line of the reflecting mirror is calculated. The specific calculation is as follows:
Establishing a reflection coordinate system O taking the center of the reflector as an origin, enabling a z-axis to be vertical to the plane surface upwards, enabling a y-axis to be parallel to the plane surface and pointing to the emitting direction of the condenser, and simultaneously meeting the right-hand rule 2 . Consider that solar rays are incident rays, the angle (θ s ,φ s ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The condensing system requires the light to be outgoing light, and the angle is (theta, 0). Setting the limited rotation angle of the pitching rotation mechanism to be larger than theta d The azimuth angle rotation angle is controlled by the bottom turntable without being limited by the rotation angle. Consider the initial state as mirror plane and zO 2 The y-planes are parallel.
Angle of rotation of the mirror about the z-axis:
since the rotation angle is only related to the solar azimuth angle and is in a linear relation, and the solar azimuth angle is periodically changed, the rotation angle speed is only synchronous with the change rate of the solar azimuth angle.
When the altitude meets the limit requirement, i.eWhen the solar rays are considered to be reflected by one mirror and then are emitted into the condensing system at a required angle theta, the three sets of reflecting-condensing systems can work independently.
At this time, normal line and xO 2 Angle of y-plane:
if the height angle does not meet the limit requirement, i.eIn this case, it is considered that the solar rays cannot be reflected by the one-side mirror and then enter the condensing system at a desired angle θ. At this time, the reflection system part of another set of reflection-condensation system is called to carry out auxiliary adjustment of the light path. Introducing a second surface reflector, and establishing a three-axis and reflection coordinate system O by taking the center of the second surface reflector as an original point 2 Three axes parallel respectively of the reflection coordinate system O 3 Let O be 2 O 3 With xO 3 The included angle of the y plane is theta 12 Let O be 2 O 3 At xO 3 The included angle between the projection of the y plane and the x axis is phi 12 。
In order for both mirrors to meet the constraint requirements, the conditions are:
the preparation method comprises the following steps of:
/>
only when theta d When designed to be negative, both conditions may be met at the same time. Thus when the height angle is satisfiedAt this time, reflection under the condition of meeting the limitation of the rotating mechanism can be realized by the two mirrors.
At this time, O can be set 2 O 3 With xO 3 Included angle theta of y plane 12 Is the midpoint of the upper and lower limits, namely:
at this time, the normal line of the auxiliary reflectorxO 3 Angle of y-plane:
main reflector normal and xO 2 Angle of y-plane:
the main mirror rotates around the z-axis by an angle:
angle of rotation of the auxiliary mirror about the z-axis:
as the angle of rotation of the reflecting system in the two sets of reflecting-condensing systems in the direction around the z-axis can be realized (0 degrees, 360 degrees), no requirement is required for the solar azimuth angle, namely the projection of the incident light on the ground plane and the included angle of the x-axis. Therefore, the two sets of systems have little influence on azimuth and can be set to be a fixed value phi 12 ＝-30°。
If it isAt this time, the two mirrors cannot meet the requirements, and the reflection system part of the third set of reflection-condensation system is required to be introduced to carry out auxiliary adjustment of the light path. At the moment, the three mirrors are shared to participate in light reflection, the overall design thought is similar to that of two sides, and a three-axis and reflection coordinate system O is established by taking the center of the third mirror as an origin 3 Three axes parallel respectively of the reflection coordinate system O 4 Let O be 3 O 4 With xO 4 The included angle of the y plane is theta 23 Let O be 3 O 4 At xO 4 The included angle between the projection of the y plane and the x axis is phi 23 . Obtaining the productThe design conditions are as follows:
at this time, O can be set 2 O 3 With xO 3 Included angle theta of y plane 12 The method comprises the following steps:
at this time, O can be set 3 O 4 With xO 4 Included angle theta of y plane 23 The method comprises the following steps:
at this time, the normal line of the second auxiliary reflector and xO 4 Angle of y-plane:
at this time, the normal line of the first auxiliary reflector and xO 3 Angle of y-plane:
main reflector normal and xO 2 Angle of y-plane:
due to the solar altitude angle theta s The absolute value of the value is not large, and the variation range is not large, so that the change of the angle theta of the collecting lens caused by the position change of the heat collector is basically only needed to be considered for influencing the height angle condition. Because θ∈ (-90 °,0 °), θ can be approximately considered as s 2+θ∈ (-45 °,0 °), when the pitching rotation mechanism rotation limit is designedAngle theta of manufacture d When the temperature is between minus 15 degrees, the three sets of reflection-condensation systems can completely meet the requirements.
The main mirror rotates around the z-axis by an angle:
first auxiliary mirror rotates angle around z axle:
the second auxiliary reflector rotates around the z-axis by an angle:
similarly, the angle of the reflecting system in the three sets of reflecting-condensing systems rotating around the z-axis direction can be realized (0 degree, 360 degrees), so that a fixed value phi can be set 23 = -180 ° while satisfying phi 13 ＝-150°。
Step S3: the condensing lens condenses sunlight and amplifies radiation intensity.
After the sunlight is aligned and tracked through the reflecting system(s), the sunlight is injected into the collecting lens in a group of parallel light, and the angle is consistent with the inclination angle of the collecting lens. The condenser consists of a large parabolic reflector and a small parabolic reflector, the large reflector is a concave reflector, and the small reflector is a convex reflector. The pitching angle is adjusted by using the pitching rotation mechanism, and meanwhile, the emergent strong light beam is aligned to the pit bottom collector. The incident light is first reflected by the outer concave mirror, and due to the special nature of parabolic reflection, the light will converge at the parabolic focus. Because the inner convex mirror with one side being in common focus with the concave mirror is arranged, the light is equivalent to being injected into the convex focus, and the light can be reflected out in a group of parallel light because the light path is reversible. When the size of the convex mirror is smaller, the group of parallel light can be compressed into a beam of strong light to emit, so that the effect of converging sunlight is achieved.
In order to ensure that enough incident sunlight is collected, the radius of the outer concave mirror is set to be between 2m and 3m, and the inner convex mirror and the outer concave mirror are in confocal point. In order to facilitate the strong light beam to be emitted out of the condenser lens, the center of the outer concave lens is provided with a small hole, and the size of the small hole is slightly larger than that of the inner convex lens. The size ratio of the inner convex mirror to the outer concave mirror determines the overall quality of the system, and also determines the intensity magnification, while the size of the inner convex mirror directly determines the intensity of the intense beam. In order to realize the continuity of the two steps of condensation and heat collection, the strong light beam can be firstly ensured to irradiate into the vacuum tube heat collector of the water collecting mechanism, and the surface area of the inner convex mirror can be slightly larger than the sectional area of the heat collector. In comprehensive consideration, the size ratio is preferably 3-5, the radius of the inner convex mirror is set between 0.5m and 0.8m, and the solar light intensity can be amplified by 8-24 times. This gives a compromise in heat collection efficiency while also reducing overall mass as much as possible.
Step S4: the collector collects solar radiation and transfers energy.
The vacuum tube type solar heat collector is used, the outer tube and the inner tube are required to be in a vacuum state, and sunlight penetrates through the outer tube and irradiates on the selective absorption layer of the inner tube. The absorption layer hardly absorbs radiation in a far infrared region, and heat emitted by blackbody radiation generated by the heat collector when the heat collector is heated is mainly concentrated in the far infrared region, so that solar radiation heat can be absorbed to the greatest extent, and meanwhile, the self radiation and heat dissipation of the heat collector are effectively reduced, and the extremely high light absorption and heat collection efficiency can be achieved. The absorption layer converts solar energy into heat energy, and the heat energy is transferred to the hot end of the built-in heat pipe through the heat exchange material and the aluminum wing.
The simulation experiment proves that the invention completely achieves the expected technical effect.
Claims (8)
1. A solar tracking and concentrating system based on a photo-thermal method for exploiting moon-zone water ice, the solar tracking and concentrating system comprising at least one set of solar tracking and concentrating devices comprising:
the system comprises an integrally movable platform (10) and a large turntable (9) for adjusting integral pointing, wherein a reflection system formed by an azimuth turntable (8), a connecting rod (7), a first pitching rotation mechanism (6), a plane mirror (5) and a sun sensor arranged at the center point of the mirror surface of the plane mirror and a condensation system formed by a combined condenser, a supporting mechanism (4) and a second pitching rotation mechanism (3) are arranged on the large turntable (9);
The platform (10) meets the angle requirement between the condensing system and the heat collector through position movement and angle rotation; the reflecting system realizes the real-time feedback of the position of the sun sensor, and the rotating mechanism and the connecting rod (7) are utilized to adjust the posture and the height of the reflecting mirror, so that the solar rays are enabled to be parallelly injected into the condensing system at a fixed angle after being reflected by the plane mirror (5); the condensing system adjusts a pitch angle through a second pitch rotating mechanism (3) to align with the pit bottom water ice exploitation heat collector, so that incident light rays are reflected twice to form a beam of strong light to irradiate on the heat collector, and tracking of solar light rays and collection and utilization of solar energy are realized;
the sun tracking and concentrating system comprises two or more sets of sun tracking and concentrating devices;
two or more sets of sun tracking and collecting devices are uniformly distributed on the circumference taking a heat collector on the water collecting mechanism as the center, so that the angles of strong light beams emitted by the light collecting systems of the two or more sets of sun tracking and collecting devices are the same;
if the three sets of sun tracking and collecting devices meet the reflection requirement, the three sets of devices work independently, and three sets of parallel light are injected into the heat collector;
If the two sets of sun tracking and collecting devices meet the reflection requirement, the two sets of devices work independently, and two sets of parallel light are injected into the heat collector;
if the sun tracking and condensing devices meet the reflection requirement, the device works independently, and a group of parallel light is injected into the heat collector;
if all the three sets of sun tracking and condensing devices do not meet the reflection requirement, the third set of sun tracking and condensing devices are compensated by two sets of sun tracking and condensing devices, and a group of parallel light is injected into the heat collector, so that the continuous injection of solar rays into the heat collector is ensured.
2. The solar tracking and concentrating system based on the photo-thermal extraction moon region water ice method according to claim 1, wherein,
the platform (10) on the sun tracking and focusing device is designed to be a platform with free movement and free steering, the reflection system and the focusing system are carried as loads, and the adjustment of the light path is completed on the movable platform (10).
3. A sun tracking and concentrating system based on a photo-thermal method for mining moon region water ice as recited in claim 2, wherein,
the platform (10) is also provided with communication equipment and a control system, control information is obtained through the communication equipment and is transmitted to the control system, and the control system is used for adjusting the orientation of the reflecting system and the focusing system, so that the orientation position of the strong light beam emitted by the focusing system is controlled.
4. The sun tracking and collecting system based on the photo-thermal extraction moon polar region water ice method according to claim 2, characterized in that the large turntable (9) is provided with a sun sensor for acquiring the elevation angle and azimuth angle of the sun and transmitting to the control system; according to the sunlight position, namely the sunlight position signal is obtained through a sun sensor and then transmitted to a control system, the angle of the reflecting mirror (5) is adjusted through the azimuth rotary table (8), the connecting rod (7) and the first pitching rotary mechanism (6).
5. The solar tracking and collecting system based on the photo-thermal mining moon polar region water ice method according to claim 1, wherein the combined collecting lens consists of a large parabolic mirror and a small parabolic mirror, the large mirror is a concave mirror, the small mirror is a convex mirror, and the combined collecting lens comprises a large concave mirror (2) and a small convex mirror (1).
6. A design method of a solar tracking and concentrating system based on a photo-thermal moon region water ice method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: acquiring the position of a heat collector, and adjusting the platform (10) and the orientation of a reflecting system and a condensing system on the platform (10) according to the position of the heat collector:
Step S2: according to the sunlight position, designing a rotation angle of a plane mirror (5), determining a range of a reflection angle according to the rotation limit of a first pitching rotation mechanism 6, and simultaneously designing an auxiliary reflection mirror rotation angle for compensation; the auxiliary reflector is a plane mirror (5) in another set of sun tracking and collecting device;
step S3: according to the principle that the light condensing system condenses sunlight, the system quality and the heat collecting efficiency are considered, the sizes and the size ratios of the small convex mirror (1) and the large concave mirror (2) are designed, the light intensity amplifying capacity is guaranteed, the sunlight is reflected onto the light condensing system through the reflecting system, and the sunlight is incident into the heat collector through high-strength parallel light after the condensing effect of the light condensing system.
7. The method for designing a solar tracking and concentrating system based on a photo-thermal extraction moon region water ice method according to claim 6, wherein the method for designing a system comprises:
step S1: acquiring the position of a heat collector, and adjusting the platform (10) and the orientation of a reflecting system and a condensing system on the platform (10) according to the position of the heat collector:
firstly, a reflection system and a light condensing system which are carried on a platform (10) are subjected to light path adjustment on a movable platform (10), and a relatively flat area is selected for platform arrangement;
Secondly, after the heat collector is communicated and the position of the heat collector is obtained, the height of a focus of the condensing system from the ground and the distance from the pit edge are considered, and the angle and the height of the combined condensing lens and the distance and the rotating angle of the platform which need to be moved are calculated, wherein the specific calculation is as follows:
establishing a platform coordinate system O which takes the intersection point of a platform (10) and a collecting lens supporting rod as an origin, is vertical to the platform surface upwards in a z-axis direction, is parallel to the platform surface to point to the emitting direction of the collecting lens in a y-axis direction and simultaneously meets the right-hand rule 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The obtained collector position is (x, y, z), and the small convex mirror (1) The center height is H, the distance between the small convex mirror (1) and the pit edge is L,
platform corner:
platform movement distance:
combining the angles of the condensing lenses:
step S2: according to the sunlight position, adjusting the angle of the reflecting mirror;
in order to make the sun rays reflected and incident into the condensing system as much as possible, the central point of the plane mirror (5) needs to be adjusted, namely, firstly, the height H of the central point of the reflecting mirror is calculated according to the height H of the small convex mirror (1) and the calculated angle theta of the combined condensing mirror, so that the center of the plane mirror (5), the focal point of the combined condensing mirror and the center of the heat collector are three-point one-line, and the three-point condensing mirror is specifically calculated as follows:
Let the horizontal distance from the center of the plane mirror (5) to the focal point of the condenser be l, the obtained change of the center height of the reflecting mirror is:
Δh＝-l·tanθ
the reflection system acquires the solar altitude angle theta by carrying a solar sensor s And azimuth angle phi s Considering the combination of the condenser angle theta and the rotation limit of the pitching rotation mechanism, calculating whether the rotation limit requirement is met or not, and simultaneously calculating the angle position of the normal line of the reflecting mirror, wherein the specific calculation is as follows:
establishing a reflection coordinate system O taking the center of the plane mirror (5) as an origin, enabling a z-axis to be vertical to the plane surface upwards, enabling a y-axis to be parallel to the plane surface and pointing to the emitting direction of the condensing mirror, and simultaneously meeting the right-hand rule 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Consider that solar rays are incident rays, the angle (θ s ,φ s ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the AggregationThe light system requires the light to be emergent light, and the angle is (theta, 0); setting the limited rotation angle of the pitching rotation mechanism to be larger than theta d The azimuth angle rotation angle is controlled by the bottom turntable without being limited by the rotation angle, and the initial state is considered to be the plane of the reflecting mirror and zO 2 The y-plane is parallel;
angle of rotation of the mirror about the z-axis:
because the rotation angle is only related to the solar azimuth angle and is in a linear relation, and the solar azimuth angle is periodically changed, the rotation angle speed is only synchronous with the change rate of the solar azimuth angle;
When the altitude meets the limit requirement, i.eWhen the solar light is considered to be reflected by the reflecting mirror and then is emitted into the condensing system at a required angle theta, and the three sets of reflecting-condensing systems can work independently;
at this time, normal line and xO 2 Angle of y-plane:
if the height angle does not meet the limit requirement, i.eWhen the solar rays are considered to be unable to enter the condensing system at a required angle theta after being reflected by a reflecting mirror; at the moment, the reflection system part of another set of reflection-condensation system is called to carry out auxiliary adjustment of the light path; introducing a second surface reflector, and establishing a three-axis and reflection coordinate system O by taking the center of the second surface reflector as an original point 2 Three axes parallel respectively of the reflection coordinate system O 3 Let O be 2 O 3 With xO 3 The included angle of the y plane is theta 12 Let O be 2 O 3 At xO 3 The included angle between the projection of the y plane and the x axis is phi 12 ；
In order for both mirrors to meet the constraint requirements, the conditions are:
the preparation method comprises the following steps of:
only when theta d When designed to be negative, both conditions may be satisfied at the same time; thus when the height angle is satisfiedAt the moment, reflection under the condition of meeting the limit of the rotating mechanism can be realized through the two mirrors;
at this time, O can be set 2 O 3 With xO 3 Included angle theta of y plane 12 Is the midpoint of the upper and lower limits, namely:
at this time, the normal line of the auxiliary reflector and xO 3 Angle of y-plane:
main reflector normal and xO 2 Angle of y-plane:
the main mirror rotates around the z-axis by an angle:
angle of rotation of the auxiliary mirror about the z-axis:
because the angle of rotation of the reflecting systems in the two sets of reflecting-condensing systems in the direction around the z-axis can be realized (0 degrees, 360 degrees), no requirement is required for the solar azimuth angle, namely the projection of the incident light on the ground plane and the included angle of the x-axis; therefore, the two sets of systems have little influence on azimuth and can be set to be a fixed value phi 12 ＝-30°；
If it isAt the moment, the two mirrors cannot meet the requirements, and a reflection system part of a third set of reflection-condensation system is required to be introduced for auxiliary adjustment of the light path; at the moment, the three mirrors are shared to participate in light reflection, the overall design thought is similar to that of two sides, and a three-axis and reflection coordinate system O is established by taking the center of the third mirror as an origin 3 Three axes parallel respectively of the reflection coordinate system O 4 Let O be 3 O 4 With xO 4 The included angle of the y plane is theta 23 Let O be 3 O 4 At xO 4 The included angle between the projection of the y plane and the x axis is phi 23 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The design conditions were as follows:
at this time, O can be set 2 O 3 With xO 3 Included angle theta of y plane 12 The method comprises the following steps:
at this time, O can be set 3 O 4 With xO 4 Included angle theta of y plane 23 The method comprises the following steps:
at this time, the normal line of the second auxiliary reflector and xO 4 Angle of y-plane:
at this time, the normal line of the first auxiliary reflector and xO 3 Angle of y-plane:
Main reflector normal and xO 2 Angle of y-plane:
due to the solar altitude angle theta s The absolute value of the value is not large, and the variation range is not large, so that the change of the angle theta of the collecting lens caused by the position change of the heat collector is basically only considered to influence the height angle condition; because θ ε (-90, 0), it can be approximated asWhen the pitching rotation mechanism is designed, the rotation limiting angle theta d When the temperature is between minus 15 degrees, the three sets of reflection-condensation systems can completely meet the requirements;
the main mirror rotates around the z-axis by an angle:
first auxiliary mirror rotates angle around z axle:
the second auxiliary reflector rotates around the z-axis by an angle:
similarly, the angle of the reflecting system in the three sets of reflecting-condensing systems rotating around the z-axis direction can be realized (0 degree, 360 degrees), so that a fixed value phi can be set 23 = -180 ° while satisfying phi 13 ＝-150°；
Step S3: after the sunlight is aligned and tracked by one or more sets of reflecting systems, the sunlight is injected into the combined condensing lens by a set of parallel light, and the angle is consistent with the inclination angle of the combined condensing lens; the pitching rotation mechanism is utilized to adjust the pitching angle, and meanwhile, the emergent strong light beams are aligned to the pit bottom collector; the incident light is firstly reflected by the outer concave mirror, and the light is converged at the focus of the paraboloid due to the special property of the reflection of the paraboloid; because the inner convex mirror with one side being in confocal point with the concave mirror is arranged, the light is equivalent to being injected into the convex focus, and the light is reflected out in a group of parallel light because the light path is reversible; when the size of the convex mirror is smaller, the group of parallel light can be compressed into a beam of strong light to emit, so that the effect of converging sunlight is achieved.
8. The method for designing a solar tracking and concentrating system based on the photo-thermal extraction moon pool water ice method according to claim 7, wherein the design of the combined condensing lens comprising the large concave lens 2 and the small convex lens 1 is as follows:
in order to ensure that enough incident sunlight is collected, the radius of the outer concave mirror is set to be between 2m and 3m, and the inner convex mirror and the outer concave mirror are in confocal point; in order to facilitate the strong light beam to be emitted out of the condenser, the center of the outer concave mirror is provided with a small hole, and the inner diameter of the small hole is 1.1-1.2 times of the outer diameter of the inner convex mirror; in order to realize the continuity of the two steps of condensation and heat collection, the strong light beam can be ensured to irradiate into the heat collector of the water collecting mechanism, and the surface area of the inner convex mirror is 1.1-1.2 times of the sectional area of the heat collector; the radius ratio of the large concave mirror 2 to the small convex mirror 1 is 3-5 times, the radius of the inner convex mirror is 0.5-0.8 m, and the solar light intensity can be amplified by 8-24 times.
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