CN115852717A - Production process of environment-friendly ecological dark polylactic acid fabric - Google Patents
Production process of environment-friendly ecological dark polylactic acid fabric Download PDFInfo
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- CN115852717A CN115852717A CN202211579290.0A CN202211579290A CN115852717A CN 115852717 A CN115852717 A CN 115852717A CN 202211579290 A CN202211579290 A CN 202211579290A CN 115852717 A CN115852717 A CN 115852717A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production process of an environment-friendly ecological dark polylactic acid fabric, which specifically comprises the following steps: s1, dyeing the polylactic acid fabric with the natural fiber characteristics, and S2, reducing and cleaning the polylactic acid fabric dyed in the step S1: firstly, dyeing and heat preservation are carried out on the polylactic acid fabric, then, the temperature is reduced to 50 ℃ at the cooling rate of 2 ℃/min, then, dye liquor is drained, reduction cleaning and water washing are carried out, when the polylactic acid fabric is subjected to reduction cleaning, the using amount of sodium hydrosulfite is 2-4g/L, the reduction cleaning temperature is 70 ℃, the time is 20min, the PH is 10-11, and after the polylactic acid fabric is subjected to reduction cleaning, MCL water washing is carried out in an acid solution for one time; s3, shaping the polylactic acid fabric subjected to reduction cleaning in the step S2: the setting treatment temperature of the polylactic acid fabric is 110-120 ℃, the invention breaks through the situation that no dark color pure-spun polylactic acid fabric exists in the market, and provides more choices for the development of the polylactic acid fabric industry in the application of textile and clothing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of textile printing and dyeing, in particular to a production process of an environment-friendly ecological dark polylactic acid fabric.
Background
Polylactic acid fiber (PLA) is a high-performance aliphatic polyester polymer prepared by fermenting carbohydrate and certain strains in crops to form a lactic acid monomer, cyclizing dimerization of monomer lactic acid or direct polymerization of lactic acid, and finally adopts a spinning mode to prepare the novel fiber, however, although the polylactic acid fiber has good biocompatibility and biodegradability, the polylactic acid fiber also has defects, and the wide popularization and application of the polylactic acid fiber material are limited by two reasons: (1) the fiber has a low melting point; (2) the polylactic acid fiber dyeing method is mainly used for solving the problem of degradation when meeting alkali, is easily influenced by factors such as temperature, acidity, various auxiliaries, dye structure and granularity and the like in the dyeing process of polylactic acid fibers, and although polylactic acid fiber textile clothes appear on the market at present, the polylactic acid fiber textile clothes appearing on the market have more or less light colors and deep colors and low color vividness because the dyeing rate of disperse dyes is generally lower, so that how to improve the dye dyeing rate and fastness of the polylactic acid fibers is the main research direction of researchers of modern materials and dyeing and finishing technologies.
Aiming at the technical bottleneck faced by the industry, many technical personnel carry out various researches and attempts, for example, carrier dyeing, fiber modification, ultrasonic wave dyeing, supercritical carbon dioxide dyeing and other processes are continuously emerging, but the actual effect is often just improved by a small part, the problem of deep dyeing cannot be thoroughly solved from the root, and the deep color product of PLA is still lacked in the market, so how to research and perfect the mature deep color and bright color production process of polylactic acid fabric, and the knitted fabric after dyeing and finishing can keep better strength and fastness, which is the technical problem to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a production process of an environment-friendly ecological dark polylactic acid fabric.
In order to achieve the purpose, the innovation points of the invention are as follows: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, dyeing the polylactic acid fabric with the natural fiber characteristics, wherein the dyeing parameters of the polylactic acid fabric are as follows:
a. dye: selecting a substance with the polarity of a branched chain similar to that of polylactic acid molecules as a dye;
b. dyeing a carrier: selecting an anionic dyeing carrier, namely an N-alkyl benzene phthalic amide derivative as a dyeing carrier, wherein the concentration of the dyeing carrier is 2-5%;
c. dyeing temperature: the maximum dyeing temperature of the polylactic acid fabric is 100-115 ℃;
d. dispersing agent: selecting fatty acid ester compounds as anionic dispersing agents;
s2, carrying out reduction cleaning on the polylactic acid fabric dyed in the step S1: firstly, dyeing and heat preservation of the polylactic acid fabric are completed, wherein the dyeing and heat preservation time is as follows: the dyeing time of the light color of the polylactic acid fabric is kept at the highest dyeing temperature for 30min, the dyeing time of the dark color of the polylactic acid fabric is kept at the highest dyeing temperature for 45min, then the temperature is reduced to 50 ℃ at the cooling rate of 2 ℃/min, then the dye solution is discharged, reduction cleaning and water washing are carried out, the using amount of sodium hydrosulfite is 2-4g/L, the reduction cleaning temperature is 70 ℃, the time is 20min, the PH is 10-11, and after the reduction cleaning of the polylactic acid fabric is finished, MCL water washing is carried out in an acidic solution for one time;
s3, shaping the polylactic acid fabric subjected to reduction cleaning in the step S2: the temperature of the shaping treatment of the polylactic acid fabric is 110-120 ℃.
Further, the optimum concentration of the dyeing carrier is 4%.
Further, the optimal maximum dyeing temperature of the polylactic acid fabric is 110 ℃.
Further, the dyeing process comprises the following steps: regulating the pH value of the dye solution to 4-5 by using acetic acid and sodium acetate buffer solution, gradually heating the dye solution from 40 ℃ by adding a dyeing carrier and a dispersing agent, heating the dye solution to 70 ℃ at the heating rate of 2-3 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 15 min, and heating to 100-115 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/min.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that: the invention bypasses the thought of processing the polylactic acid fabric fiber, researches on dye structure screening and process design, improves the color depth and ensures the color fastness while keeping the natural characteristics of the fiber, obtains pure polylactic acid fabric with ideal depth, breaks through the situation that no deep-color pure-spinning polylactic acid fabric exists in the market, and provides more choices for the development of polylactic acid fabric industry in the application of textile and clothing.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a production process of an environment-friendly ecological dark polylactic acid fabric, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, dyeing the polylactic acid fabric with the natural fiber characteristics, wherein the dyeing process comprises the following steps:
a. acetic acid and sodium acetate buffer solution are used for regulating the pH value of the dye liquor to be 4-5, wherein the dye selects a substance with a branched chain polarity similar to polylactic acid molecules as the dye, and the polarity of the dye is close to that of polylactic acid, so that the dye is favorable for adsorbing a large amount of dye on the polylactic acid fabric.
b. The dyeing liquor is added with a dyeing auxiliary agent from 40 ℃ and then is gradually heated, wherein the dyeing carrier is an anionic dyeing carrier-N-alkyl phthaldiamide derivative, the concentration of the dyeing carrier is 2% -5%, the dyeing carrier can expand the polylactic acid molecular gap above the glass transition temperature, more dyes enter the fiber to be combined, and the concentration of the dyeing carrier is directly related to the color depth of the polylactic acid fabric;
c. the dispersing agent is selected from fatty acid ester compounds, can be adsorbed on the outer layer of the dye particles to form a protective layer, and can keep the dye in a good dispersed state due to electronegativity repulsion, so that the slow dyeing effect is achieved, and the probability of dyeing defects is reduced;
d. the dye liquor is heated to 70 ℃ at the heating rate of 2-3 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 15 min, the dye can be uniformly dispersed on the cloth surface as far as possible by setting the heat-keeping time, and finally, the temperature is heated to 100-115 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/min, and the highest dyeing temperature is particularly important for the following reasons: for the polylactic acid fabric which keeps the natural characteristics of the fibers, the polylactic acid fabric can only resist the temperature of 115 ℃ at most even under the weak acid condition, and the polylactic acid fabric can only cause hard hand feeling once the polylactic acid fabric exceeds 120 ℃, so that the strength and the elasticity are greatly reduced, and the polylactic acid fabric is not suitable for being used as clothes.
S2, carrying out reduction cleaning on the polylactic acid fabric dyed in the step S1: after dyeing and heat preservation are completed on the polylactic acid fabric, the dyeing time of the light color of the polylactic acid fabric is kept for 30min at the highest dyeing temperature, the dyeing time of the deep color of the polylactic acid fabric is kept for 45min at the highest dyeing temperature, the dyeing and heat preservation time can improve the dyeing quality and ensure the performance of the polylactic acid fabric, then the temperature is reduced to 50 ℃ at the cooling rate of 2 ℃/min, then dye liquor is discharged, reduction cleaning and water washing are carried out, when the polylactic acid fabric is subjected to reduction cleaning, the using amount of sodium hydrosulfite is 2-4g/L, the reduction cleaning temperature is 70 ℃, the time is 20min, the PH is 10-11, after the reduction cleaning is completed on the polylactic acid fabric, MCL water washing is carried out in an acid solution, and the fastness of the polylactic acid fabric is improved in the whole process;
s3, shaping the polylactic acid fabric subjected to reduction cleaning in the step S2: the temperature of the shaping treatment of the polylactic acid fabric is 110-120 ℃.
In the invention, the thinking of processing the polylactic acid fabric fiber is bypassed, the research is carried out in the aspects of dye structure screening and process design, the natural characteristics of the fiber are kept, the color depth is improved, the color fastness is ensured, the pure polylactic acid fabric with ideal depth is obtained, the situation that the deep pure spinning polylactic acid fabric is not available in the market is broken, and more choices are provided for the development of the polylactic acid fabric industry on the application of textile clothes.
Examples 1 to 5 further detail the maximum dyeing temperature of the polylactic acid fabrics of the present invention.
Example 1
In the present example, the maximum dyeing temperature of the polylactic acid fabric is 90 ℃, and the bursting strength data of the polylactic acid fabric after the dyeing is completed in the present example are shown in table 1.
Example 2
In the present example, the maximum dyeing temperature of the polylactic acid fabric is 100 ℃, and the bursting strength data of the polylactic acid fabric after the dyeing is completed in the present example are shown in table 1.
Example 3
In the present example, the maximum dyeing temperature of the polylactic acid fabric is 110 ℃, and the bursting strength data of the polylactic acid fabric after the dyeing is completed in the present example are shown in table 1.
Example 4
In the present example, the maximum dyeing temperature of the polylactic acid fabric is 115 ℃, and the bursting strength data of the polylactic acid fabric after the dyeing is completed in the present example are shown in table 1.
Example 5
In the present example, the maximum dyeing temperature of the polylactic acid fabric is 120 ℃, and the bursting strength data of the polylactic acid fabric after the dyeing is completed in the present example are shown in table 1.
Table 1 shows the burst strength test data of the polylactic acid fabrics at the different maximum dyeing temperatures in examples 1 to 5:
the bursting strength represents the bursting strength and the expansion degree of the textile material, generally speaking, when the bursting strength reaches more than 250N, the polylactic acid fabric can be applied to the clothes, but as can be seen from the table, when the temperature reaches more than 110 ℃, bursting strength data of the polylactic acid fabric begins to drop sharply, when the maximum dyeing temperature is 115 ℃, the bursting strength of the polylactic acid fabric drops to 310N rapidly, the polylactic acid fabric under the data is subjected to subsequent reduction cleaning and sizing treatment, the polylactic acid fabric is continuously influenced by subsequent temperature and is stirred by external machinery, the bursting strength of the finally formed polylactic acid fabric is difficult to meet the production requirements of the clothes, and when the temperature is higher, the dyeing effect is better, 110 ℃ is selected as the best maximum dyeing temperature.
The optimum dyeing carrier concentration for the polylactic acid fabrics of the present invention is further detailed in examples 6 to 9, while determining that 110 ℃ is the optimum maximum dyeing temperature for the polylactic acid fabrics.
Because the polylactic acid fiber has the characteristics of strong hydrophobicity, high crystallization and alignment degree, small fiber micro-gap, difficult wetting and bulking and the like, the conventional method is difficult to carry out when the dye smoothly enters the fiber in a monomolecular mode to finish coloring, and in view of the above, wool, acrylic fibers, terylene, chinlon, cotton and acetate which have extremely similar characteristics to the polylactic acid fabric are selected as the test fabric in the examples 6 to 9 to carry out the staining test.
Example 6
In this example, the dyeing carrier concentration of the polylactic acid fabric is 2%, and accordingly, the staining data of the fabric after dyeing is shown in table 2.
Example 7
In this example, the dyeing carrier concentration of the polylactic acid fabric is 3%, and accordingly, the staining data of the fabric after dyeing is shown in table 2.
Example 8
In this example, the dyeing carrier concentration of the polylactic acid fabric is 4%, and accordingly, the staining data of the fabric after dyeing is shown in table 2.
Example 9
In this example, the dyeing carrier concentration of the polylactic acid fabric is 5%, and accordingly, the staining data of the fabric after dyeing is shown in table 2.
Table 2 shows the test data for different test fabrics at different concentrations of dye carrier in examples 9 to 9:
combining the test results of examples 6 to 9, the following conclusions can also be drawn when the polylactic acid fabric is specifically applied: the larger the amount of the dyeing carrier is not, the darker the color is, when the amount of the dyeing carrier exceeds 4%, the color depth is in a descending trend along with the excessive dyeing carrier, the dyeing carrier is soaked in fabric fibers, part of the dyeing carrier can be directly related to end groups combined with dyes, the excessive amount of the dyeing carrier is used, the integral fastness is in a descending trend, and the optimal amount of the dyeing carrier for the polylactic acid fabric is determined to be 4% through the comprehensive tests.
In conclusion, the dyes with high dyeing rate for the polylactic acid fiber fabrics researched and discovered by the invention are matched with the matched auxiliary agents with good dyeing performance at home and abroad through test screening, the dyes with good dyeing fastness, bright color and complete color spectrum are selected to be matched with each other, meanwhile, through the research on dyeing process, dyeing mechanism, dyeing thermodynamics and kinetic theory of the polylactic acid fiber fabrics and the research on textile auxiliary agents and the practical traditional dyeing and finishing equipment, the colors of black, bright red, dark blue and the like are produced according to the test and curing process of the invention, the dyeing fastness at 40-degree soaping can reach more than 4 levels, a new direction is provided for the industrial popularization of the polylactic acid fibers and the technical problem of breaking through the dyeing bottleneck, and compared with the same industrial process level, the polylactic acid fabric produced by the invention has the advantages of improving the color depth and qualitative crossing and breakthrough progress.
The points to be finally explained are: first, in the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly, and may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, or a communication between two elements, and may be a direct connection, and "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are only used to indicate a relative positional relationship, and when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed, the relative positional relationship may be changed;
secondly, the method comprises the following steps: in the disclosed embodiment of the invention, only the structures related to the disclosed embodiment are related, other structures can refer to common design, and the same embodiment and different embodiments of the invention can be combined with each other under the condition of no conflict;
and finally: the above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The production process of the environment-friendly ecological dark polylactic acid fabric is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, dyeing the polylactic acid fabric with the natural fiber characteristics, wherein the dyeing parameters of the polylactic acid fabric are as follows:
dye: selecting a substance with the polarity of a branched chain similar to that of polylactic acid molecules as a dye;
dyeing a carrier: selecting an anionic dyeing carrier, namely an N-alkyl phthaldiamide derivative as a dyeing carrier, wherein the concentration of the dyeing carrier is 2% -5%;
dyeing temperature: the maximum dyeing temperature of the polylactic acid fabric is 100-115 ℃;
dispersing agent: selecting fatty acid ester compounds as anionic dispersing agents;
s2, carrying out reduction cleaning on the polylactic acid fabric dyed in the step S1: firstly, dyeing and heat preservation of the polylactic acid fabric are completed, wherein the dyeing and heat preservation time is as follows: the dyeing time of the light color of the polylactic acid fabric is kept at the highest dyeing temperature for 30min, the dyeing time of the deep color of the polylactic acid fabric is kept at the highest dyeing temperature for 45min, then the temperature is reduced to 50 ℃ at a cooling rate of 2 ℃/min, then the dyeing solution is discharged, and then reduction cleaning and water washing are carried out, when the polylactic acid fabric is subjected to reduction cleaning, the using amount of sodium hydrosulfite is 2-4g/L, the reduction cleaning temperature is 70 ℃, the time is 20min, the PH is 10-11, and after the reduction cleaning of the polylactic acid fabric is finished, MCL water washing is carried out in an acidic solution for one time;
s3, shaping the polylactic acid fabric subjected to reduction cleaning in the step S2: the temperature of the shaping treatment of the polylactic acid fabric is 110-120 ℃.
2. The production process of the environment-friendly ecological dark polylactic acid fabric according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the optimal concentration of the staining vector is 4%.
3. The production process of the environment-friendly ecological dark polylactic acid fabric according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the optimal maximum dyeing temperature of the polylactic acid fabric is 110 ℃.
4. The production process of the environment-friendly ecological dark polylactic acid fabric according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the dyeing treatment steps are as follows: regulating the pH value of the dye solution to 4-5 by using acetic acid and sodium acetate buffer solution, gradually heating the dye solution from 40 ℃ by adding a dyeing carrier and a dispersing agent, heating the dye solution to 70 ℃ at the heating rate of 2-3 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 15 min, and heating to 100-115 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/min.
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