CN115852236A - Preparation method of large-tonnage thick-large-section wind power main frame - Google Patents
Preparation method of large-tonnage thick-large-section wind power main frame Download PDFInfo
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- CN115852236A CN115852236A CN202211561950.2A CN202211561950A CN115852236A CN 115852236 A CN115852236 A CN 115852236A CN 202211561950 A CN202211561950 A CN 202211561950A CN 115852236 A CN115852236 A CN 115852236A
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XOCUXOWLYLLJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[S] Chemical compound [O].[S] XOCUXOWLYLLJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150054854 POU1F1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The method comprises the steps of improving a casting process, adjusting the proportion of C, si, controlling molten iron C to be 3.4wt.% to 3.5wt.% and Si to be 3.15wt.% to 3.50wt.% before discharging, and ensuring that S is less than or equal to 0.025; the pouring temperature is 10-15 ℃ higher than that of the common wind power parts such as QT400-18, the temperature is controlled between 1375 ℃ and 1385 ℃, and the funnel is used for instantaneous inoculation; and (3) adding 500kg more than the original tonnage for feeding, and immediately pouring the residual molten iron into the pouring cup quickly after the mold filling is finished. The QT500-14 casting produced by using the process method has the qualification rates of mechanical property, ultrasonic flaw detection and the like of 96 percent, the spheroidization rate of the casting reaches more than 90 percent, the matrix structure is uniform, the ferrite content is more than or equal to 90 percent, the elongation is higher, and the defects of broken graphite, spheroidization recession, thick graphite, poor inoculation, shrinkage porosity and the like at a hot spot can be effectively avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of casting, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a large-tonnage thick-large-section wind power main frame.
Background
The green power industry such as wind power and the like develops at a high speed, the requirements on wind power castings are increasingly strict, and castings with better comprehensive properties such as high strength, high toughness and light weight are favored by the market.
The QT500-14 iron castings began to be used in large quantities due to their combination of high tensile strength and high elongation. The QT500-14 casting produced conventionally, such as the wind power main engine casting shown in FIG. 6, has a matrix containing 20-40% of pearlite, and is high in tensile strength and hardness, but low in elongation, difficult to meet the requirements of practical application and not beneficial to machining. On the other hand, because the section is thick, the temperature gradient of the temperature field is large, the cooling speed is correspondingly slow, and the defects of massive graphite, spheroidization recession, coarse graphite, poor inoculation, shrinkage porosity and the like are easy to appear at the hot spot, as shown in fig. 7. There is therefore a need for improvements.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the preparation method of the large-tonnage thick and large-section wind power main frame is provided, and the problems that the large-tonnage thick and large-section QT500-14 material is poor in spheroidization rate, the mechanical property is not easy to be qualified, and a casting is easy to shrink holes and loose are solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the method is suitable for large-tonnage thick and large-section wind power products, the liquid weight is more than or equal to 20T, the wall thickness is more than or equal to 100mm, the matrix is ferrite, and the pearlite content is less than or equal to 5 percent; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1): furnace charge and proportion: 40-43% of high-silicon pig iron, 32-35% of scrap steel, 20-30% of scrap returns, a carburant and an inoculant;
step 2): material melting: adding 30% of scrap steel, heating to 1250-1330 ℃, adding a carburant, continuously heating to 1450-1520 ℃, adding all high-silicon pig iron and 15% of foundry returns, completely melting, then adding the rest scrap steel and the foundry returns, detecting the components of molten iron, adjusting the proportion of C, si by supplementing the carburant according to the result, heating to the process required temperature after chemical components of each element in the molten iron are qualified, and discharging;
step 3): temperature control: when the stokehole chemical sampling is carried out, the temperature is kept at 1450 +/-10 ℃, the tapping temperature is 1480-1510 ℃, the temperature is measured after slagging-off, the temperature is kept at 1390-1410 ℃, and the casting temperature is 1375-1385 ℃;
step 4): spheroidizing: spheroidizing by adopting a pouring method, wherein a spheroidizing agent is Mg6Re3, the granularity is 4-32mm, the spheroidizing agent is placed in a spheroidizing pit at the bottom of a ladle, the using amount of the spheroidizing agent is 1.3 wt% of the weight of molten iron, and the spheroidizing temperature is 1440-1490 ℃;
step 5): inoculation: the inoculant is 75FeSi with the granularity less than or equal to 10mm and oxysulfide inoculant with the granularity of 5-15mm, and is inoculated in three times, when molten iron is discharged, the 0.4 percent 75FeSi inoculant flows into a ladle along with the molten iron from a device on a furnace, the second part is the 0.3 percent 75FeSi inoculant in a spheroidizing pit, after the molten iron is discharged, scum is removed, the molten iron is transported to a pouring site, after the molten iron is poured into a pouring cup, a funnel containing the third part of inoculant is pulled, and the 0.15wt.% of oxysulfide instantaneous inoculant in the third part is fused with the molten iron for fast pouring;
step 6): pouring and feeding: after slagging off and temperature measurement, transferring a casting ladle to the position near a pouring cup, measuring the temperature again, wherein the process requirement temperature is 1375-1385 ℃, the process requirement temperature is higher than that of a common QT400-18 wind power casting, the weight of tapping liquid is 500kg more than that of the process requirement, after the mold filling is finished, after molten iron in a riser overflows, feeding is carried out, the residual molten iron is immediately and quickly poured into the pouring cup, and the total pouring time is controlled within 25 minutes.
In the step 1), the carburant is a carburant with a particle size of 1-5mm and a concentration of more than 80%.
In the step 2), the ranges of the chemical compositions of the elements are shown in the following table:
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Ti |
| 3.4-3.5 | 2.25-2.35 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.025 |
。
compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
according to the scheme, the casting process is improved, the proportion of C, si is adjusted, the molten iron C is controlled to be 3.4wt.% to 3.5wt.% before discharging, the Si is controlled to be 3.15wt.% to 3.50wt.%, and the condition that S is less than or equal to 0.025 is ensured; the pouring temperature is 10-15 ℃ higher than that of the common wind power parts such as QT400-18, the temperature is controlled between 1375 ℃ and 1385 ℃, and the funnel is used for instantaneous inoculation; and (3) adding 500kg more than the original tonnage for feeding, and immediately pouring the residual molten iron into the pouring cup quickly after the mold filling is finished. The QT500-14 casting produced by the process method has the qualification rate of 96 percent of mechanical property, ultrasonic flaw detection and the like, the spheroidization rate of the casting reaches over 90 percent, the matrix structure is uniform, and the ferrite content is more than or equal to
90 percent, higher elongation, and can effectively avoid the defects of broken graphite, spheroidization recession, coarse graphite, poor inoculation, shrinkage porosity and the like at the hot spot.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of Si content as a function of tensile strength and elongation in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a ladle charge in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a spheroidizing pit area in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the instant inoculation of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a metallographic structure of a casting according to the invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a wind turbine mainframe casting blank in accordance with the background of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a surface defect map of a wind turbine mainframe casting of the background art of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. The term "comprising", without further limitation, means that the element so defined is not excluded from the group consisting of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Referring to fig. 1-7, embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.
The method is suitable for large-tonnage thick and large-section wind power products, the liquid weight is more than or equal to 20T, the wall thickness is more than or equal to 100mm, the matrix is ferrite, and the pearlite content is less than or equal to 5 percent; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1): furnace charge and proportion: 40-43% of high-silicon pig iron, 32-35% of scrap steel, 20-30% of scrap returns, carburant with granularity of 1-5mm and concentration of more than 80% and inoculant;
step 2): material melting: adding 30% of scrap steel, heating to 1250-1330 ℃, adding a carburant, continuously heating to 1450-1520 ℃, adding all high-silicon pig iron and 15% of scrap returns, after all the high-silicon pig iron and the scrap returns are melted, adding the rest scrap steel and the scrap returns, detecting the components of molten iron, adjusting the proportion of C, si by supplementing the carburant according to the result, heating to the process required temperature after chemical components of all elements in the molten iron are qualified, and discharging;
the ranges of chemical compositions of the elements are shown in the following table 1:
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Ti |
| 3.4-3.5 | 2.25-2.35 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.025 |
among various elements, the ability of promoting graphitization is only lower than that of C, and when Si is less than 5wt.%, tensile strength and hardness are in positive correlation with Si content, but after fracture elongation is reduced along with the increase of silicon content, as shown in fig. 1. The Si content of thick-wall castings needs to be properly reduced, and according to the characteristics of QT500-14 materials, the Si content in the base iron is controlled to be 2.25-2.35 wt.%.
According to the relation between the Si content and the strength, the hardness and the elongation, a variable control method is adopted, the C content is kept at 3.40wt.% to 3.45wt.%, the Si content is sequentially increased by 0.05wt.% each time, and the specific chemical composition range of the wind power main frame is shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Main ingredient ranges
The C, si composition and mechanical properties of the cast-on-casting samples with different Si contents are shown in Table 4, three samples are taken from each group, and a tensile test is carried out, and the results show that: the content of C is in a certain range, the tensile strength, the yield strength and the hardness are continuously increased along with the increase of the content of Si, and the elongation is continuously reduced; when the content of Si is 3.40wt.% to 3.45wt.%, the strength of the sample is highest, and the elongation rate is satisfactory. Therefore, the large-tonnage thick and large section QT500-14 ferrite wind power main frame is provided. Finally, the C content is determined to be 3.45-3.50 wt.%, and the Si content is determined to be 3.40-3.45 wt.%.
TABLE 3 requirements of European Standard on mechanical Properties of QT500-14 Material
TABLE 4 composition and mechanical properties of C, si for the as-cast samples
And step 3): temperature control: when the stokehole chemical sampling is carried out, the temperature is kept at 1450 +/-10 ℃, the tapping temperature is 1480-1510 ℃, the temperature is measured after slagging-off, the temperature is kept at 1390-1410 ℃, and the casting temperature is 1375-1385 ℃;
step 4): spheroidizing: spheroidizing by adopting a pouring method, wherein a spheroidizing agent is Mg6Re3, the granularity is 4-32mm, the spheroidizing agent is placed in a spheroidizing pit at the bottom of a ladle, the using amount of the spheroidizing agent is 1.3 wt% of the weight of molten iron, and the spheroidizing temperature is 1440-1490 ℃;
the ladle charge is shown in figures 2 and 3: 0.0050-0.0055wt.% of antimony 8 is placed on the side of a spheroidizing pit 1 at the bottom of a casting ladle, 1.25wt.% of a spheroidizing agent 2 is placed, the spheroidizing pit is leveled and compacted as much as possible, 0.1wt.% of carburant 3 is laid on the spheroidizing pit, 0.4wt.% of inoculant 4 is laid on the spheroidizing pit, 0.3wt.% of silicon steel sheet 5 is covered on the inoculant, finally, a self-made spheroidizing steel plate 6 is used for compacting, and a block of pig iron 7 is placed on the nucleating pit.
Step 5): inoculation: the inoculant is 75FeSi with the granularity less than or equal to 10mm and oxysulfide inoculant with the granularity of 5-15mm, and is inoculated in three times, when molten iron is discharged, the 0.4 percent 75FeSi inoculant flows into a ladle along with the molten iron from a device on a furnace, the second part is 0.3 percent 75FeSi inoculant in a spheroidizing pit, after the molten iron is discharged, scum is removed, the molten iron is transported to a pouring site by a crown block, temperature is measured before pouring, the temperature in the ladle is ensured to be between 1375 ℃ and 1385 ℃, after the molten iron is poured into a pouring basin 9, a funnel 10 provided with the third part of inoculant is pulled, and as shown in figure 4, the oxysulfide instantaneous inoculant of the third part, 0.15wt.%, of the third part, is fused with the molten iron to be quickly poured;
step 6): pouring and feeding: removing slag, measuring temperature, transferring a casting ladle to the position near a pouring cup 9, measuring temperature again, wherein the process requirement temperature is 1375-1385 ℃, the temperature is 10-15 ℃ higher than that of a common QT400-18 wind power casting, the molten iron tapping weight is 500kg more than the process requirement, after the mold filling is finished, after the molten iron in a riser overflows, feeding is carried out, the residual molten iron is immediately and quickly poured into the pouring cup, the total pouring time is controlled within 25 minutes, and the CE of the final casting is 4.3-4.5 wt.%.
The QT500-14 casting produced by the process method has the advantages that the qualification rate of mechanical properties, ultrasonic flaw detection and the like reaches 96%, the spheroidization rate of the casting reaches over 90%, the matrix structure is uniform, the ferrite content is more than or equal to 90%, the elongation is high, and the defects of massive graphite, spheroidization recession, large graphite, poor inoculation, shrinkage porosity and the like at a hot spot can be effectively avoided, as shown in figure 5.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein, and any reference signs in the claims are not intended to be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (3)
1. The preparation method of the large-tonnage thick-large-section wind power main frame is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method is suitable for wind power products with thick and large sections, the liquid weight is more than or equal to 20T, the wall thickness is more than or equal to 100mm, the matrix is ferrite, and the pearlite content is less than or equal to 5 percent; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1): furnace charge and proportion: 40-43% of high-silicon pig iron, 32-35% of scrap steel, 20-30% of scrap returns, a carburant and an inoculant;
step 2): material melting: adding 30% of scrap steel, heating to 1250-1330 ℃, adding a carburant, continuously heating to 1450-1520 ℃, adding all high-silicon pig iron and 15% of foundry returns, completely melting, adding the rest scrap steel and the foundry returns, detecting molten iron components, adjusting the proportion of C, si by supplementing the carburant according to results, heating to the temperature required by the process after chemical components of each element in the molten iron are qualified, and discharging;
step 3): temperature control: when the stokehole chemical sampling is carried out, the temperature is kept at 1450 +/-10 ℃, the tapping temperature is 1480-1510 ℃, the temperature is measured after slagging-off, the temperature is kept at 1390-1410 ℃, and the casting temperature is 1375-1385 ℃;
step 4): spheroidizing: spheroidizing by adopting a pouring method, wherein a spheroidizing agent is Mg6Re3, the granularity is 4-32mm, the spheroidizing agent is placed in a spheroidizing pit at the bottom of a ladle, the using amount of the spheroidizing agent is 1.3 wt% of the weight of molten iron, and the spheroidizing temperature is 1440-1490 ℃;
step 5): inoculation: the inoculant is 75FeSi with the granularity less than or equal to 10mm and sulfur-oxygen inoculant with the granularity of 5-15 mm; inoculating for three times, and when molten iron is discharged, 0.4 percent 75FeSi inoculant flows into a ladle together with the molten iron from a device on a furnace, the second part is 0.3 percent 75FeSi inoculant in a spheroidizing pit, after the molten iron is discharged, scum is removed, the molten iron is transported to a pouring site, after the molten iron is poured into a pouring cup, a funnel containing the third part of inoculant is pulled, and the third part of 0.15wt.% of sulfur-oxygen instantaneous inoculant is fused with the molten iron for rapid pouring;
step 6): pouring and feeding: after slagging off and temperature measurement, transferring a casting ladle to the position near a pouring cup, measuring the temperature again, wherein the process requirement temperature is 1375-1385 ℃, the process requirement temperature is higher than that of a common QT400-18 wind power casting, the weight of tapping liquid is 500kg more than that of the process requirement, after the mold filling is finished, after molten iron in a riser overflows, feeding is carried out, the residual molten iron is immediately and quickly poured into the pouring cup, and the total pouring time is controlled within 25 minutes.
2. The preparation method of the large-tonnage thick and large-section wind power main frame according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 1), the carburant is a carburant with a particle size of 1-5mm and a concentration of more than 80%.
3. The preparation method of the large-tonnage thick and large-section wind power main frame according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 2), the ranges of the chemical compositions of the elements are shown in the following table:
。
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