CN105755360A - Preparation technology of vermicular cast iron with high pearlite and stable vermiculation - Google Patents
Preparation technology of vermicular cast iron with high pearlite and stable vermiculation Download PDFInfo
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- CN105755360A CN105755360A CN201610310269.9A CN201610310269A CN105755360A CN 105755360 A CN105755360 A CN 105755360A CN 201610310269 A CN201610310269 A CN 201610310269A CN 105755360 A CN105755360 A CN 105755360A
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- cast iron
- compactedization
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
- C22C33/10—Making cast-iron alloys including procedures for adding magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of vermiculation cast iron, and relates to a preparation technology of vermicular cast iron with high pearlite and stable vermiculation. The preparation technology specifically comprises the following steps: weighing raw materials of pig iron, scrap steel, foundry returns, ferromanganese and ferrosilicon in proportion, melting the weighed raw materials into iron liquor, and enabling chemical constituents of native iron liquor to reach a required proportion; preparing a vermiculation agent and an inoculator, and performing baking for 1-2 hours before use; scalding a dam ladle to 600 DEG C or above for standby application, 1 min before the iron liquor is produced, adding the vermiculation agent, the inoculator and magnesium iron particles to the dam ladle, after breeding is finished, adding tin which is 0.07% of the total weight of the iron liquor, and after the tin is completed, coating an asbestos cover with the ladle immediately to prevent overflow of too many vermiculation elements. According to the preparation technology disclosed by the invention, when the vermiculation agent is added, the vermicular cast iron of which the vermiculation rate is not smaller than 80% can be stably obtained; under the condition that the vermiculation rate is stably obtained, the inoculator and pure Sn are added, so that the vermicular cast iron of which the content of the pearlite is not smaller than 80% can be stably obtained.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to compactedization casting iron field, relate to the vermicular cast iron preparation technology that a kind of high pearlite compactedization is stable.
Background technology
Vermicular cast iron be a kind of graphite form between lamellar and spherical between a kind of new engineering material, its conventional mechanical property, wearability and thermal fatigue property are more much better than casting pig, and thermal conductivity, damping property are more excellent than spheroidal graphite cast-iron again.Therefore, heat conductivity that the existing casting pig of this material is good, damping property, there are again wearability and high intensity that spheroidal graphite cast-iron is good, it is possible to be widely used for manufacturing diesel engine body, cylinder cap, cylinder sleeve, brake block, brake drum, intake and exhaust manifold and ingot mould, glass mold etc..
Along with transportation development demand and engineering truck are upgraded, market to high security, high intensity, long-life brake drum demand day by day urgent.At present, the brake drum material one of use is common grey iron, and its material is softer, hardness is relatively low, and be full of cracks and serious wear during use, service life is low；Another kind is high-strength alloy cast iron, and its material, hardness and wearability are all improved, but speck easily occurs, thus causing brake drum abnormal sound.The advantage that the brake drum made with vermicular cast iron had both maintained casting pig, compensate for again the deficiency of casting pig, the serviceability of brake drum can be improved, increase stationarity and the reliability of brake drum, alleviate the deadweight of foundry goods, be better able to the requirement meeting current auto manufacturing to parts such as brake drums.At present, vermicular cast iron exists in producing cannot determine that the bound of vermiculizer addition, compactedization are unstable, cannot determine suitable content of pearlite in alloy and obtain the problem such as pearlite of corresponding content, limits the application of vermicular cast iron.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of acquisition on the basis of stable nodulizing rate, prepares the preparation technology of the vermicular cast iron of suitable pearlitic matrix soma, improves conventional mechanical property and the thermal fatigue property of vermicular cast iron, extends the service life of product, reduces production cost.
The technical scheme is that and be accomplished by:
The vermicular cast iron preparation technology that a kind of high pearlite compactedization is stable, the concrete preparation process of described vermicular cast iron is as follows:
(1) raw material prepares: weighs the pig iron, steel scrap, foundry returns, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon raw material in proportion and is fused into ferrum liquid, and the chemical analysis making original iron melt is: C:3.6～3.7%, Si:1.4～1.6%, Mn:0.7～0.8%, P :≤0.05%, S :≤0.02%, surplus is Fe；
(2) compactedization prepares: configuration vermiculizer and inovulant, and toasts 1～2 hour before use；
(3) creepage rate: dykes and dams bag scald to more than 600 DEG C stand-by, ferrum liquid tapping temperature 1500 ± 10 DEG C, the 1min before liquid that taps a blast furnace is sequentially added in dykes and dams bag by accounting for the vermiculizer of ferrum liquid gross weight 0.40～0.45%, the inovulant of 0.5% and the magnesium iron bean of 0.67%, at the uniform velocity pour ferrum liquid carry out compactedization and breed, the stannum accounting for ferrum liquid gross weight 0.07% is added after breeding end, after addition, cover asbestos lid at bag mouth immediately, in order to avoid compactedization element too much overflows；
(4) stokehold chill block and quick metal lographic examination: adopt stokehold chill block and quick metal lographic examination ferrum liquid compactedization and spoken parts in traditional operas situation；
(5) when nodulizing rate is low or during nodularization: when being not less than 1380 DEG C in temperature, can add ferrum liquid total amount 0.1% 50% FeS or add 8 ~ 10% ferrum liquid of total ferrum liquid measure, make nodulizing rate reach requirement；
(6) when without compactedization or flake graphite too much time: when being not less than 1360 DEG C in temperature, the vermiculizer of account for total ferrum liquid weight about 0.3% ~ 0.35% can be added and be adjusted, until nodulizing rate reaches requirement；
(7) skim insulation: after the complete liquid level calmness of creepage rate, add deslagging agent and remove the gred, and use heat preserving agent covering and heat insulating；
(8) cast: creepage rate is qualified, pours into a mould after standing 1 ~ 2min, and has watered in 15min；
(9) cooling cleaning: natural cooling after casting complete.
In described step (2), in vermiculizer, each chemical analysis is respectively as follows: Re:3.4%, Mg:5.9%, Si:44%, all the other are for Fe；The chemical analysis of inovulant is respectively as follows: Si:65%, Ca:11%, Ba:5%, all the other are for Fe.
In described step (3), the ratio of height to diameter of dykes and dams bag is 1:1.5.
Length respectively 120mm, 12.5mm, 25mm of described step (4) intermediate cam test block, quick metallographic specimen is of a size of φ 20 × 25mm.
In described step (5), step (6), nodulizing rate requires >=80%.
The chemical composition of described vermicular cast iron is: C:3.55～3.65%, Si:2.35～2.5%, Mn:0.7～0.9%, Sn:0.055～0.062%, S, P≤0.02%, surplus is Fe.
The invention have the benefit that
(1) present invention is obtaining on the basis of stable nodulizing rate, prepares the preparation technology of the vermicular cast iron of suitable pearlitic matrix soma, improves conventional mechanical property and the thermal fatigue property of vermicular cast iron, extends the service life of product, reduces production cost；
(2) present invention is when adding 0.40 ~ 0.45% vermiculizer, it is possible to stable obtains the vermicular cast iron that nodulizing rate is not less than 80%；When stable acquisition nodulizing rate, by adding the efficient pearlite inovulant of 0.5% and the pure Sn of 0.07%, can stably obtain the vermicular cast iron that content of pearlite in alloy is not less than 80%；
(3) technical solution of the present invention is simple, workable, all easily uses conveniently and efficiently in all kinds of Cast Iron Production enterprises.
Detailed description of the invention
The vermicular cast iron preparation technology that a kind of high pearlite compactedization is stable, the concrete preparation process of described vermicular cast iron is as follows:
(1) raw material prepares: weighs the pig iron, steel scrap, foundry returns, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon raw material in proportion and is fused into ferrum liquid, and the chemical analysis making original iron melt is: C:3.6～3.7%, Si:1.4～1.6%, Mn:0.7～0.8%, P :≤0.05%, S :≤0.02%, surplus is Fe；
(2) compactedization prepares: configuration vermiculizer and inovulant, and toasts 1～2 hour before use；
(3) creepage rate: dykes and dams bag scald to more than 600 DEG C stand-by, ferrum liquid tapping temperature 1500 ± 10 DEG C, the 1min before liquid that taps a blast furnace is sequentially added in dykes and dams bag by accounting for the vermiculizer of ferrum liquid gross weight 0.40～0.45%, the inovulant of 0.5% and the magnesium iron bean of 0.67%, at the uniform velocity pour ferrum liquid carry out compactedization and breed, the stannum accounting for ferrum liquid gross weight 0.07% is added after breeding end, after addition, cover asbestos lid at bag mouth immediately, in order to avoid compactedization element too much overflows；
(4) stokehold chill block and quick metal lographic examination: adopt stokehold chill block and quick metal lographic examination ferrum liquid compactedization and spoken parts in traditional operas situation；
(5) when nodulizing rate is low or during nodularization: when being not less than 1380 DEG C in temperature, can add ferrum liquid total amount 0.1% 50% FeS or add 8 ~ 10% ferrum liquid of total ferrum liquid measure, make nodulizing rate reach requirement；
(6) when without compactedization or flake graphite too much time: when being not less than 1360 DEG C in temperature, the vermiculizer of account for total ferrum liquid weight about 0.3% ~ 0.35% can be added and be adjusted, until nodulizing rate reaches requirement；
(7) skim insulation: after the complete liquid level calmness of creepage rate, add deslagging agent and remove the gred, and use heat preserving agent covering and heat insulating；
(8) cast: creepage rate is qualified, pours into a mould after standing 1 ~ 2min, and has watered in 15min；
(9) cooling cleaning: natural cooling after casting complete.
In described step (2), in vermiculizer, each chemical analysis is respectively as follows: Re:3.4%, Mg:5.9%, Si:44%, all the other are for Fe；The chemical analysis of inovulant is respectively as follows: Si:65%, Ca:11%, Ba:5%, all the other are for Fe.
In described step (3), the ratio of height to diameter of dykes and dams bag is 1:1.5.
Length respectively 120mm, 12.5mm, 25mm of described step (4) intermediate cam test block, quick metallographic specimen is of a size of φ 20 × 25mm.
In described step (5), step (6), nodulizing rate requires >=80%.
The chemical composition of described vermicular cast iron is: C:3.55～3.65%, Si:2.35～2.5%, Mn:0.7～0.9%, Sn:0.055～0.062%, S, P≤0.02%, surplus is Fe.
Embodiment 1
1) raw material prepares: weighs the raw materials such as the pig iron, steel scrap, foundry returns, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon in proportion and is fused into ferrum liquid, and the chemical analysis making original iron melt is: C:3.6%, Si:1.4%, Mn:0.7%, P:0.01%, S:0.001%, surplus are Fe；
2) configuration vermiculizer and inovulant: vermiculizer (Re:3.4%, Mg:5.9%, Si:44%, all the other be Fe), inovulant (Si:65%, Ca:11%, Ba:5%, all the other be Fe), above-mentioned alloy toasts 1 hour before use；
3) creepage rate: ratio of height to diameter is the dykes and dams bag of 1:1.5, scald to 600 DEG C stand-by, ferrum liquid tapping temperature 1490 DEG C, before the liquid that taps a blast furnace, 1min is sequentially added in dykes and dams bag by accounting for the vermiculizer of ferrum liquid gross weight 0.40%, the inovulant of 0.5% and the magnesium iron bean of 0.67%, at the uniform velocity pours ferrum liquid and carries out compactedization and breed；It is subsequently added the stannum accounting for ferrum liquid gross weight 0.07%；Adding complete, covering asbestos lid at bag mouth immediately, in order to avoid making compactedization element too much overflow；
4) stokehold examination chill block and quick metal lographic examination: adopting stokehold chill block and quick metal lographic examination ferrum liquid compactedization and spoken parts in traditional operas situation, the length of chill block respectively 120mm, 12.5mm, 25mm, quick metallographic specimen is of a size of φ 20 × 25mm；
Knocking with specific purpose tool and pound disconnected chill block, clear long when knocking, fracture is that silver gray, both sides depression and center contract uniform tiny stain, has strong carbide abnormal smells from the patient, reaches nodulizing rate requirement；
5) skim insulation: after the complete liquid level calmness of creepage rate, add deslagging agent and remove the gred, and use heat preserving agent covering and heat insulating；
6) cast: creepage rate is qualified, pours into a mould after standing 1min, and has watered in 15min；
7) adopt the present invention scheme, combine after pearlite through vermiculizer creepage rate, inovulant and 0.06%Sn, vermicular cast iron nodulizing rate >=80% of preparation, content of pearlite in alloy >=80%, tensile strength Rm>=410MPa, hardness 185 ~ 210HWS, elongation after fracture >=1.3%.
The chemical composition finally giving vermicular cast iron is: C:3.55%, Si:2.35%, Mn:0.7%, Sn:0.055%, S, P≤0.02%, surplus is Fe.
Embodiment 2
1) raw material prepares: weighs the raw materials such as the pig iron, steel scrap, foundry returns, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon in proportion and is fused into ferrum liquid, and the chemical analysis making original iron melt is: C:3.7%, Si:1.6%, Mn:0.8%, P:0.05%, S:0.02%, surplus are Fe；
2) configuration vermiculizer and inovulant: vermiculizer (Re:3.4%, Mg:5.9%, Si:44%, all the other be Fe), inovulant (Si:65%, Ca:11%, Ba:5%, all the other be Fe), above-mentioned alloy toasts 2 hours before use；
3) creepage rate: ratio of height to diameter is the dykes and dams bag of 1:1.5, scald to more than 600 DEG C stand-by, ferrum liquid tapping temperature 1510 DEG C, the 1min before liquid that taps a blast furnace is sequentially added in dykes and dams bag by accounting for the vermiculizer of ferrum liquid gross weight 0.45%, the inovulant of 0.5% and the magnesium iron bean of 0.67%, at the uniform velocity pours ferrum liquid and carries out compactedization and breed；Add the stannum accounting for ferrum liquid gross weight 0.07%；Ferrum liquid pours complete, covers asbestos lid at bag mouth immediately, in order to avoid making compactedization element too much overflow；
4) stokehold examination chill block and quick metal lographic examination: adopting stokehold chill block and quick metal lographic examination ferrum liquid compactedization and spoken parts in traditional operas situation, the length of chill block respectively 120mm, 12.5mm, 25mm, quick metallographic specimen is of a size of φ 20 × 25mm；
When knocking, sound is crisp and very brief, fracture be silver gray, both sides without depression or the serious shrinkage porosite in center, have slight carbide abnormal smells from the patient, it is known that nodulizing rate is low or nodularization；Now, when being warmed up to more than 1380 DEG C, can add ferrum liquid total amount 0.1% 50% FeS；And add 8 ~ 10% ferrum liquid of total ferrum liquid measure, make nodulizing rate reach requirement；
5) skim insulation: after the complete liquid level calmness of creepage rate, add deslagging agent and remove the gred, and use heat preserving agent covering and heat insulating；
6) cast: creepage rate is qualified, pours into a mould after standing 2min, and has watered in 15min；
7) adopt the present invention scheme, combine after pearlite through vermiculizer creepage rate, inovulant and 0.06%Sn, vermicular cast iron nodulizing rate >=80% of preparation, content of pearlite in alloy >=80%, tensile strength Rm>=410MPa, hardness 185 ~ 210HWS, elongation after fracture >=1.3%.
The chemical composition finally giving vermicular cast iron is: C:3.65%, Si:2.5%, Mn:0.9%, Sn:0.062%, S, P≤0.02%, surplus is Fe.
Embodiment 3
1) raw material prepares: weighs the raw materials such as the pig iron, steel scrap, foundry returns, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon in proportion and is fused into ferrum liquid, and the chemical analysis making original iron melt is: C:3.65%, Si:1.5%, Mn:0.75%, P:0.03%, S:0.01%, surplus are Fe；
2) configuration vermiculizer and inovulant: vermiculizer (Re:3.4%, Mg:5.9%, Si:44%, all the other be Fe), inovulant (Si:65%, Ca:11%, Ba:5%, all the other be Fe), above-mentioned alloy toasts 1.5 hours before use；
3) creepage rate: ratio of height to diameter is the dykes and dams bag of 1:1.5, scald to more than 600 DEG C stand-by, ferrum liquid tapping temperature 1500 DEG C, the 1min before liquid that taps a blast furnace is sequentially added in dykes and dams bag by accounting for the vermiculizer of ferrum liquid gross weight 0.43%, the inovulant of 0.5% and the magnesium iron bean of 0.67%, at the uniform velocity pours ferrum liquid and carries out compactedization and breed；Add the stannum accounting for ferrum liquid gross weight 0.07%；Adding complete, covering asbestos lid at bag mouth immediately, in order to avoid making compactedization element too much overflow；
4) stokehold examination chill block and quick metal lographic examination: adopting stokehold chill block and quick metal lographic examination ferrum liquid compactedization and spoken parts in traditional operas situation, the length of chill block respectively 120mm, 12.5mm, 25mm, quick metallographic specimen is of a size of φ 20 × 25mm；
When knocking, sound is dull, the big portion of fracture or be all black gray expandable, both sides without caving in, center without shrinkage porosite, then too much without compactedization or flake graphite；Cooling the temperature to 1360 DEG C, interpolation accounts for the vermiculizer of about the 0.33% of total ferrum liquid weight and is adjusted, and makes nodulizing rate reach requirement；
5) skim insulation: after the complete liquid level calmness of creepage rate, add deslagging agent and remove the gred, and use heat preserving agent covering and heat insulating；
6) cast: creepage rate is qualified, pours into a mould after standing 1.5min, and has watered in 15min；
7) adopt the present invention scheme, combine after pearlite through vermiculizer creepage rate, inovulant and 0.06%Sn, vermicular cast iron nodulizing rate >=80% of preparation, content of pearlite in alloy >=80%, tensile strength Rm>=410MPa, hardness 185 ~ 210HWS, elongation after fracture >=1.3%.
The chemical composition finally giving vermicular cast iron is: C:3.6%, Si:2.43%, Mn:0.8%, Sn:0.059%, S, P≤0.02%, surplus is Fe.
Claims (6)
1. the vermicular cast iron preparation technology that one kind high pearlite compactedization is stable, it is characterised in that: the concrete preparation process of described vermicular cast iron is as follows:
(1) raw material prepares: weighs the pig iron, steel scrap, foundry returns, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon raw material in proportion and is fused into ferrum liquid, and the chemical analysis making original iron melt is: C:3.6～3.7%, Si:1.4～1.6%, Mn:0.7～0.8%, P :≤0.05%, S :≤0.02%, surplus is Fe；
(2) compactedization prepares: configuration vermiculizer and inovulant, and toasts 1～2 hour before use；
(3) creepage rate: dykes and dams bag scald to more than 600 DEG C stand-by, ferrum liquid tapping temperature 1500 ± 10 DEG C, the 1min before liquid that taps a blast furnace is sequentially added in dykes and dams bag by accounting for the vermiculizer of ferrum liquid gross weight 0.40～0.45%, the inovulant of 0.5% and the magnesium iron bean of 0.67%, at the uniform velocity pour ferrum liquid carry out compactedization and breed, the stannum accounting for ferrum liquid gross weight 0.07% is added after breeding end, after addition, cover asbestos lid at bag mouth immediately, in order to avoid compactedization element too much overflows；
(4) stokehold chill block and quick metal lographic examination: adopt stokehold chill block and quick metal lographic examination ferrum liquid compactedization and spoken parts in traditional operas situation；
(5) when nodulizing rate is low or during nodularization: when being not less than 1380 DEG C in temperature, can add ferrum liquid total amount 0.1% 50% FeS or add 8 ~ 10% ferrum liquid of total ferrum liquid measure, make nodulizing rate reach requirement；
(6) when without compactedization or flake graphite too much time: when being not less than 1360 DEG C in temperature, the vermiculizer of account for total ferrum liquid weight about 0.3% ~ 0.35% can be added and be adjusted, until nodulizing rate reaches requirement；
(7) skim insulation: after the complete liquid level calmness of creepage rate, add deslagging agent and remove the gred, and use heat preserving agent covering and heat insulating；
(8) cast: creepage rate is qualified, pours into a mould after standing 1 ~ 2min, and has watered in 15min；
(9) cooling cleaning: natural cooling after casting complete.
2. the vermicular cast iron preparation technology that high pearlite compactedization as claimed in claim 1 is stable, it is characterised in that: in described step (2), in vermiculizer, each chemical analysis is respectively as follows: Re:3.4%, Mg:5.9%, Si:44%, all the other are for Fe；The chemical analysis of inovulant is respectively as follows: Si:65%, Ca:11%, Ba:5%, all the other are for Fe.
3. the vermicular cast iron preparation technology that high pearlite compactedization as claimed in claim 1 is stable, it is characterised in that: in described step (3), the ratio of height to diameter of dykes and dams bag is 1:1.5.
4. the vermicular cast iron preparation technology that high pearlite compactedization as claimed in claim 1 is stable, it is characterised in that: length respectively 120mm, 12.5mm, 25mm of described step (4) intermediate cam test block, quick metallographic specimen is of a size of φ 20 × 25mm.
5. the vermicular cast iron preparation technology that high pearlite compactedization as claimed in claim 1 is stable, it is characterised in that: in described step (5), step (6), nodulizing rate requires >=80%.
6. the vermicular cast iron preparation technology that high pearlite compactedization as claimed in claim 1 is stable, it is characterized in that: the chemical composition of described vermicular cast iron is: C:3.55～3.65%, Si:2.35～2.5%, Mn:0.7～0.9%, Sn:0.055～0.062%, S, P≤0.02%, surplus is Fe.
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| CN105970075A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-09-28 | 江苏汽铸造股份有限公司 | Technique for preparing vermicular cast iron material |
| CN106544578A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-03-29 | 大连锦航新能源设备有限公司 | A kind of marine diesel engine piston ring apical ring material DPR DG III and its casting method |
| CN109202013A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-01-15 | 安徽大天铸业有限责任公司 | A kind of casting technique of vermicular cast iron all-hydraulic steering gear body shell casting |
| CN109536664A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-03-29 | 苏州勤美达精密机械有限公司 | A kind of myrmekite ink cast iron scroll plate and its production technology |
| CN109594007A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-04-09 | 苏州勤美达精密机械有限公司 | A kind of myrmekite ink cast iron and its preparation process and application |
| CN113186448A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-07-30 | 东亚科技(苏州)有限公司 | Preparation process of high-performance vermicular graphite cast iron material casting |
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| CN105970075A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-09-28 | 江苏汽铸造股份有限公司 | Technique for preparing vermicular cast iron material |
| CN106544578A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-03-29 | 大连锦航新能源设备有限公司 | A kind of marine diesel engine piston ring apical ring material DPR DG III and its casting method |
| CN106544578B (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2018-12-28 | 大连锦航新能源设备有限公司 | The casting method of marine diesel engine piston ring apical ring material |
| CN109202013A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-01-15 | 安徽大天铸业有限责任公司 | A kind of casting technique of vermicular cast iron all-hydraulic steering gear body shell casting |
| CN109536664A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-03-29 | 苏州勤美达精密机械有限公司 | A kind of myrmekite ink cast iron scroll plate and its production technology |
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| CN109536664B (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2020-09-04 | 苏州勤美达精密机械有限公司 | Vermicular graphite cast iron vortex plate and production process thereof |
| CN109594007B (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2020-11-10 | 苏州勤美达精密机械有限公司 | Vermicular graphite cast iron and preparation process and application thereof |
| CN113186448A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-07-30 | 东亚科技(苏州)有限公司 | Preparation process of high-performance vermicular graphite cast iron material casting |
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Application publication date: 20160713 |