CN1158509C - 冷却装置 - Google Patents

冷却装置 Download PDF

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CN1158509C
CN1158509C CNB008059152A CN00805915A CN1158509C CN 1158509 C CN1158509 C CN 1158509C CN B008059152 A CNB008059152 A CN B008059152A CN 00805915 A CN00805915 A CN 00805915A CN 1158509 C CN1158509 C CN 1158509C
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cooling device
wainscot
described cooling
outer panels
plate body
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CN1346434A (zh
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U·温宁
H·－F·埃伯哈德特
M·纽曼
T·蔡勒
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
    • E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
    • E04B1/803—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped with vacuum spaces included in the slab
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D23/00—General constructional features
    • F25D23/06—Walls
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    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
    • B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/304—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
    • B32B2307/7242—Non-permeable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2607/00—Walls, panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2201/00—Insulation
    • F25D2201/10—Insulation with respect to heat
    • F25D2201/14—Insulation with respect to heat using subatmospheric pressure
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    • Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02B40/00—Technologies aiming at improving the efficiency of home appliances, e.g. induction cooking or efficient technologies for refrigerators, freezers or dish washers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种隔热壁(14)，它有一个抽成真空的中间腔(19)，该中间腔填有可抽成真空的隔热材料(20)，并且至少在最大程度上由一个外面板(15)和一个内面板(16)至少近似真空密封地包围起来，内面板(16)和/或外面板(15)由热塑性塑料构成，这种塑料设置有装置(17，18)，用于最大程度上降低它的水蒸气渗透性和气体透气性。

Description

冷却装置
本发明涉及一种冷却装置，具有一个隔热的外壳和一个隔热的门，其中外壳和/或门具有一种抽成真空的中间腔，该中间腔装填有可抽成真空的隔热材料，而且至少在最大程度上由一个外面板和一个内面板至少近似真空密封地包围起来。
在真空隔热壁如冷却装置的壳体和门等方面已经得知，为使基于真空隔热技术的壳体和门的使用寿命达到大约15年，其结构采用了由优质合金钢成型的包封壁板。这种包封壁板虽然满足了对于所要求的使用寿命所必需的渗漏率或渗透率，但其造型和应用于其结构的连接技术对于制造加工来说则是比较费事的，因而成本较贵。隔热壁的结构必须做到，至少在最大程度上阻止住热量通过包围住一个具有一定温度水平的空腔的内部包封壁传导到经受室温的外部包封壁上。为此曾在过去使用过冲击敏感的隔膜式连接元件。此外，由薄壁优质合金钢成型的包封壁板要求应用一种过程可靠的而且长期稳定的连接技术，对于这种已知的构成冷却装置的壳体和门的壁来说这种连接技术曾被认为是激光焊接技术。然而这种连接技术要求相对较高的制造加工方面的投资成本。
本发明的任务就是对一种冷却装置采用简单的措施避免现在技术的缺点，该冷却装置具有一个隔热的外壳和一个隔热的门，其中外壳和/或门具有一种抽成真空的中间腔，该中间腔装填有可抽成真空的隔热材料，而且至少在最大程度上由一个外面板和一个内面板至少近似真空密封地包围起来。
按照发明解决此项任务的方法是使内面板和/或外面板由热塑性塑料构成，这种塑料设置有结构，用于降低它的蒸气渗透性和气体渗透性。
由于将塑料应用于一个或二个面板，因此就用简单的方式回避开了由于导热性差而阻止热量沿着在内外面板之间的温度梯度传导的问题，这样就可以取消通过一种制造费事的隔膜状连接元件来实现两个面板单元之间的连接，而且也不需将其安装到内外面板上，从加工技术上来说这种安装是很费事的。此外，例如一种由塑料制成的内面板还具有以下优点：这种内面板和设置在其上面的功能元件，如中间底板的支承、解冻水的收集和排放措施等都可以用无切屑的成型价廉地一起形成。此外由塑料形成的面板零件允许经济价廉地有各种不同的成型，例如压缩的或者类似的方法。由于使用了塑料材料因而与金属壳体相比同时就大大降低了冷却装置外壳的重量。
若按照本发明主题的一种优选实施形式，规定使这些结构通过双层材料挤压布置在内面板和/或外面板上，那么这些结构在内面板和/或外面板上的布置就特别可靠和持久。
按照本发明主题的下一种优选实施形式，规定使这些结构通过层压布置在内面板和/或外面板上。
因此就可能在热塑性塑料和一种在保证最小的水蒸气渗透性和气体渗透性方面最佳的材料之间实现一种持久的材料复合。
若按照本发明主题的下一种优选的实施形式，规定这些结构是通过聚烯烃或通过其它材料，例如聚偏二氯乙烯或全氟烷氧聚合物而生成，用于至少最大程度上减小内面板和/或外面板的水蒸气渗透性，那么这些结构在明显降低内面板和/或外面板的水蒸气渗透性方面特别有利。
若按照本发明主题的下一种有利的设计方案，规定这些结构是通过例如乙烯-乙烯醇-共聚物或聚丙烯腈或者聚酰胺等生成用于至少最大程度上减小内面板和/或外面板的气体渗透性，那么这些装置证明对于减小内面板和/或外面板的气体渗透性是特别有利的。
若按照本发明主题的另一种可供选择的实施形式，规定这些结构是通过一种用喷涂方法在内面板和/或外面板上所产生的金属层来构成的，那么就特别可靠地避免了蒸气和气体的渗透性。
若按照本发明主题的另一种可供选择的实施形式，规定了这些结构是由一种塑料-金属复合薄膜所构成，那么对于内面板和外面板来说就具有特别有利的可变形性。
若按照本发明主题的另一种优选的实施形式，规定内面板和/或外面板由能够深冲的或者在喷吹法里可以变形的塑料来构成，那么内面板和外面板就可以特别经济地用各种不同的成型方法来制造。
若按照本发明主题的下一种优选的实施形式，规定隔热材料由板状体构成，那么对于设计为冷却装置壳体或冷却装置的门形式的隔热壁来说就形成了特别平整的壁板表面。
若按照本发明主题的另一种优选的实施形式，规定板状体是通过硅酸或者气凝胶的一种压过程而形成，那么板状体的生成特别有利于保持对于隔热所必须的真空。由于应用了这种在1mbar(毫巴)至100mbar(毫巴)数量级的压力范围内具有很低传导热量能力的材料，因而就可能对于具有用塑料制成的内、外面板的冷却装置的壳体和冷却装置的门进行经济的大批量生产。
若按照本发明主题的一种优选的实施形式，规定了由硅酸制成的板形体的密度在100kg/m3和200kg/m3之间，那么由硅酸制成的板形体与由塑料制成的内面板和外面板相结合在一起已经证明特别有利于达到和保持一种持久的隔热质量。
同样，若按照本发明的一种可供选择的实施形式，规定由气凝胶制成的板形体的密度在100kg/m3和150kg/m3之间，那么这种由气凝胶制成的板形体与由塑料制成的用于制造隔热壁的内面板和外面板结合在一起已经证明了特别适合于达到和保持一种持久的处于较高水平的隔热质量。
若按照本发明主题的另外一种可供选择的实施形式，规定这种板形体由开式格状的发起泡沫的隔热材料制成，那么就可以经济有利地而且重量特别小地制成设置有塑料内面板和外面板的隔热壁。在这方面，开式格状的聚胺酯泡沫或者开式格状的聚苯乙烯泡沫证实是有利的。
对于冷却装置的传统的外形尺寸来说，例如按厨房家俱所规定的外形尺寸，那么带有这种外壳和门的冷却装置就具有比传统的冷却装置加大了的容纳空间用于存放冷却物或冷冻物，这是因为在相对于传统的冷却装置来说其隔热厚度明显减小的情况下改善了隔热质量。此外，由于良好的隔热质量这些基于这些隔热壁的冷却装置的能耗就明显地降低了。
以下就根据在附图中简化表示的一种实施例对本发明进行说明。图示为：
图1：从侧面剖视的一个冷却装置外壳的简化草图，冷却装置的门处于关闭状态；
图2：从侧面剖视的冷却装置的外壳和门的结构放大的截面。
按照图1用简化的草图表示了一种按真空隔热为基础而设计的适合用于一种冷却装置的外壳10，它容纳了一个设计为冷却空间的有效空间11，而且为了封闭此有效空间11设置了一扇门13，这扇门通过磁性密封12弹性地置放在有效空间的开口边缘上。如同外壳10一样按真空隔热设计的门13如外壳10那样具有一种层状的板结构14。该种壁板结构包括有一种由热塑性塑料无切屑整体成型的外面板15，它既用于外壳10，也用于门13，这种外面板用于门13时则用来固定一个未表示出的门手把，若是外壳10那么它就构成了外壳的外板。与外面板15有一定间距，这种类似层状的壁板结构14具有一种同样由热塑性塑料无切屑成型的整体的内面板16，若是外壳10那么这内面板就用于有效空间11的外衬板，而且若用于门的话则它面向有效空间11。
尤其如图2所示，在本实施例中内面板16和外面板15在其相对的内侧面上具有一层至少明显地降低水蒸气渗透性或者甚至完全没有渗透性的，通过双层挤压或者层压方法覆盖上去的层17，它的基础是聚烯烃，例如高密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯或者其它材料，例如聚偏二氯乙烯或者全氟烷氧聚合物。在这一层上又覆盖了一层至少明显降低气体渗透性或者完全没有气体渗透性的层18，它例如由乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物或者聚丙烯腈或聚酰胺等经双层材料挤压或者层压方法形成，其中也可以至少明显地降低一种通过喷涂产生的铝层的水蒸气渗透性和气体渗透性。例如一种由乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物制成的层厚约470μm的无气体渗透性的薄层和一种由全氟烷氧聚合物制成的层厚度30-35μm的用作为阻断水蒸气的薄层与一种由冲击韧性的聚苯乙烯制成的材料厚度为0.8-2.0mm的外面板15和内面板16相组合在一起就适合于制作外壳和门。具有薄层17和18的外面板15和内层板16在其自由端处相互例如通过焊接、粘接或类似的方法真空密封地连接起来并一起包括一个可抽成真空的中间腔19。该中间腔用板状隔热材料20填满，这种隔热材料例如由压成板状成型体和硅酸制成，其密度在100kg/m3至200kg/m3之间，或者由气凝胶制成，其密度在100kg/m3至150kg/m3之间，其中如开口格状的聚胺酯泡沫或开口格状的聚苯乙烯泡沫这样的隔热材料也适合用于此目的。
与所描述的实施例不同的是，也可以由优质合金钢或者其它适合于真空隔热技术的材料来制造内面板15，或者制造外面板16，并使之与用塑料制成的外面板15或者内面板16组合起来。
尤其对于用在门13上的外面板15和内面板16来说，也可以通过塑料喷吹技术用配属的薄层17和18来制造由外面板15和人内面板16所组成的成型体。

Claims (14)

1.冷却装置，具有一个隔热的外壳和一个隔热的门，其中外壳和/或门具有一种抽成真空的中间腔，该中间腔装填有可抽成真空的隔热材料，而且至少在最大程度上由一个外面板和一个内面板至少近似真空密封地包围起来，其特征在于，内面板(16)和/或外面板(15)由热塑性塑料形成的成型体制成，它们具有结构(17，18)，用于降低它们的水蒸气透气性和气体透气性。
2.按权利要求1所述的冷却装置，其特征在于，这些结构(17，18)通过共挤压的方法设置在内面板(16)上和/或外面板(15)上。
3.按权利要求1所述的冷却装置，其特征在于，这些结构(17，18)通过层压方法设置在内面板(16)上和/或外面板(15)上。
4.按权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的冷却装置，其特征在于，结构(17)由聚烯烃或者聚偏二氯乙烯或者全氟烷氧聚合物构成，用于降低内面板(16)和/或外面板(15)的水蒸气渗透性。
5.按权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的冷却装置，其特征在于，结构(18)由乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物或者聚丙烯腈或者聚酰胺构成，用于降低内面板(16)和/或外面板(15)的透气性。
6.按权利要求1所述的冷却装置，其特征在于，这些结构通过一种金属层构成，这种金属层是通过喷涂方法在内面板(16)上和/或在外面板(15)上所产生的。
7.按权利要求1所述的冷却装置，其特征在于，这些结构由一种塑料金属复合薄膜构成。
8.按权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的冷却装置，其特征在于，内面板(16)和/或外面板(15)由能够深冲的或者在喷吹法中可变形的塑料制成。
9.按权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的冷却装置，其特征在于，内面板(16)和外面板(15)的材料厚度为0.5毫米-2.5毫米。
10.按权利要求1所述的冷却装置，其特征在于，隔热材料(20)由板状体构成。
11.按权利要求1或者10所述的冷却装置，其特征在于，板状体由硅酸或者气凝胶通过挤压过程而产生。
12.按权利要求11所述的冷却装置，其特征在于，由硅酸组成的板状体的密度在100kg/m3和200kg/m3之间。
13.按权利要求11所述的冷却装置，其特征在于，由气凝胶组成的板状体的密度在100kg/m3和150kg/m3之间。
14.按权利要求1或者10所述的冷却装置，其特征在于，板状体由开口格式的发成泡沫的隔热材料组成。
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