CN115843597A - Method for preventing and controlling weeds by covering organic ground surface - Google Patents
Method for preventing and controlling weeds by covering organic ground surface Download PDFInfo
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing and controlling weeds by covering an organic ground surface, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly, pruning the hispid fig, cleaning weeds among seedlings of the hispid fig, collecting branches and leaves of the hispid fig sheared and mixing the weeds to obtain a mixture of dry branches and fallen leaves; covering organic coverings on the earth surface between the weeded hispid fig seedlings, and spreading decomposition bacterial powder at intervals in the covering process, wherein the organic coverings comprise a dead branch and fallen leaf mixture, garlic skins and eucalyptus barks, the volume ratio of which is 2:3-5:3-5. The invention has the beneficial effects of safely and efficiently removing weeds and improving the quality of medicinal materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese medicinal material planting. More particularly, the invention relates to a method for controlling weeds by covering an organic ground surface.
Background
The fructus fici simplicissimae is root of Ficus hirta of Moraceae, she Chang is in palm shape division, and the fruit is named after brown coarse hair, and has the effects of benefiting qi, tonifying deficiency, promoting qi circulation, resolving stagnation, strengthening tendons, activating collaterals, invigorating spleen, eliminating dampness, relieving cough, eliminating phlegm, etc., and the effective substance psoralen in the fructus fici simplicissimae is a substance with antibacterial, antiviral, tumor inhibiting and anticoagulant effects, and can effectively improve body immunity and prevent diseases after being used. During planting period, the hispid fig has the characteristics of rapid plant growth, unobvious underground main roots, rapid developed growth of lateral roots, persistent vitality and the like, large-scale planting is mostly single-variety large-area planting, the general planting is carried out for more than 2 years, and the weed control in seedling stage is a key problem of green ecological and organic planting of the hispid fig.
At present, the wild peach planting field is mainly used for weed control through herbicide and plastic film mulching, although the herbicide can effectively control the harm of weeds, the weeds need to be killed in a large range for more than 2 times a year, the herbicide has extremely adverse effects on the ecological environment and the quality of medicinal materials, and the herbicide harm often occurs; the mulching film has the characteristic of high-efficiency weed removal, is widely applied to planting and weeding of traditional Chinese medicinal materials such as hispid fig, and the like, but has the problems that the mulching film is tightly attached to the base of the stem, the root system growth is not facilitated, the death is serious, and the like. Therefore, how to design a method for preventing and controlling weeds in a wild peach planting field to obtain the beneficial effects of safely and efficiently removing weeds and improving the quality of medicinal materials is worthy of thinking.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to address at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages described hereinafter.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for controlling weeds by organic surface covering, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, pruning the hispid fig, cleaning weeds among seedlings of the hispid fig, collecting branches and leaves of the hispid fig sheared and mixing the weeds to obtain a mixture of dry branches and fallen leaves;
covering an organic covering on the surface of the weeded hispid fig seedlings, and spreading decomposed bacterial powder at intervals in the covering process, wherein the organic covering comprises a dead branch and fallen leaf mixture, garlic bark and eucalyptus bark, and the volume ratio of the dead branch and fallen leaf mixture is 2:3-5:3-5.
Preferably, the decomposed bacteria powder comprises EM bacteria powder and bacillus subtilis with the mass ratio of 1:1-2.
Preferably, the preparation method of the dead-shoot and fallen-leaf mixture comprises the following steps:
cutting off the plant stems of the hispid fig from the ground by 50-60 cm to obtain branches and leaves of the hispid fig;
weeding and cleaning weeds on the ground to obtain dry weed branches;
cutting the branches and leaves of the hispid fig and the weed dead branches into 1-2 cm, and uniformly mixing.
Preferably, the treatment method of the eucalyptus bark comprises the following steps: the eucalyptus bark is crushed into the length of 0.5-1.5 cm.
Preferably, the organic cover has a cover thickness of 5 to 10cm.
Preferably, decomposing bacteria powder is respectively and uniformly spread when the organic covering is covered to the thickness of 1-2, 3-4, 5-6 and 7-8 cm, so as to form decomposing bacteria powder layers, wherein the using amount of the decomposing bacteria powder per mu is 180-200 g.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
compared with the conventional chemical herbicide weed control and plastic film mulching, the organic matter earth surface mulching weed control method can effectively control weeds, remarkably improve the weed control rate, remarkably increase the nutrient components in soil and achieve better ecological benefit.
Compared with the chemical herbicide for preventing weeds and the mulching film for preventing weeds, the method for preventing weeds by covering the ground surface with the organic matter provided by the invention has the advantages that the single plant of the hispid fig planted and produced is heavier, the content of an effective substance psoralen is higher, and the quality of the medicinal materials is obviously improved.
Thirdly, the method for preventing and controlling weeds by covering the ground surface with the organic matters is simple in preparation method and easy to operate, branches and leaves which are not used by cutting off the hispid fig are used on the spot, the weeds are covered and returned to the field, other garbage is not generated, and the technical or phytotoxicity problem caused by complex operation or improper selection of the herbicides is also reduced.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.
It is to be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
< example 1>
A method for controlling weeds by covering an organic ground surface comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, pruning the hispid fig, cleaning weeds among 1 mu of the hispid fig seedlings, collecting branches and leaves of the hispid fig which are pruned, and mixing the weeds to obtain a mixture of dry branches and fallen leaves;
covering an organic covering on the surface of the weeded hispid fig seedlings, and spreading decomposed bacteria powder at intervals in the covering process, wherein the organic covering comprises a dead branch and fallen leaf mixture, garlic skins and eucalyptus barks in a volume ratio of 2.
The decomposed bacteria powder comprises EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria powder and bacillus subtilis at the mass ratio of 1:1, namely 90g of EM bacteria powder and 90g of bacillus subtilis.
The preparation method of the dead branch and fallen leaf mixture comprises the following steps:
cutting off the plant stem of hispid fig at a distance of 50cm from the ground to obtain branches and leaves of hispid fig;
manually weeding and cleaning weeds on the ground to obtain weed dead branches;
cutting the branches and leaves of the hispid fig and the weed dead branches into 1cm, and uniformly mixing.
The treatment method of the eucalyptus bark comprises the following steps: pulverizing the eucalyptus bark into 0.5 cm.
The organic cover has a cover thickness of 5cm.
And respectively and uniformly spreading decomposed bacteria powder when the organic covering is covered to the thickness of 1cm, 2cm, 3 cm and 4cm to form decomposed bacteria powder layers, wherein the using amount of the decomposed bacteria powder per mu is 180g.
< example 2>
A method for controlling weeds by covering an organic ground surface comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, pruning the hispid fig, cleaning weeds among 1 mu of the hispid fig seedlings, collecting branches and leaves of the hispid fig which are pruned, and mixing the weeds to obtain a mixture of dry branches and leaves;
covering an organic covering on the surface of the weeded hispid fig seedlings, and spreading decomposed bacteria powder at intervals in the covering process, wherein the organic covering comprises a dead branch and fallen leaf mixture, garlic skins and eucalyptus barks in a volume ratio of 2.
The decomposed bacteria powder comprises EM (effective microorganism) powder and bacillus subtilis with the mass ratio of 1.5, namely 76g of EM powder and 114g of bacillus subtilis.
The preparation method of the dead branch and fallen leaf mixture comprises the following steps:
cutting off the plant stem of hispid fig from 55cm above the ground to obtain branches and leaves of hispid fig;
manually weeding and cleaning weeds on the ground to obtain weed dead branches;
cutting the branches and leaves of the hispid fig and the weed dead branches into 1.5cm, and uniformly mixing.
The treatment method of the eucalyptus bark comprises the following steps: the eucalyptus bark is crushed into 1cm in length.
The organic cover has a cover thickness of 8cm.
And respectively and uniformly spreading decomposed bacteria powder when the organic covering is covered to the thickness of 1.5, 3.5, 5.5 and 7.5cm to form decomposed bacteria powder layers, wherein the using amount of the decomposed bacteria powder per mu is 190g.
< example 3>
A method for controlling weeds by covering an organic ground surface comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, pruning the hispid fig, cleaning weeds among 1 mu of the hispid fig seedlings, collecting branches and leaves of the hispid fig which are pruned, and mixing the weeds to obtain a mixture of dry branches and fallen leaves;
step two, covering an organic covering on the inter-seedling ground surface of the hispid fig after weeding, and spreading decomposition bacterial powder at intervals in the covering process, wherein the organic covering comprises a dead branch and fallen leaf mixture, garlic skins and eucalyptus barks in a volume ratio of 2.
The decomposed bacteria powder comprises 1:2 mass ratio of EM bacteria powder to bacillus subtilis, namely 6.66g of EM bacteria powder and 133.33g of bacillus subtilis.
The preparation method of the dead branch and fallen leaf mixture comprises the following steps:
cutting off plant stems of hispid fig at a distance of 60cm from the ground to obtain branches and leaves of hispid fig;
artificially weeding and cleaning weeds on the ground to obtain dry weed branches;
cutting the branches and leaves of the hispid fig and the weed dead branches into 2cm, and uniformly mixing.
The treatment method of the eucalyptus bark comprises the following steps: the eucalyptus bark is crushed into 2cm in length.
The organic cover has a cover thickness of 10cm.
And respectively and uniformly spreading decomposed bacteria powder when the organic covering is covered to the thickness of 2cm, 4cm, 6 cm and 8cm to form decomposed bacteria powder layers, wherein the using amount of the decomposed bacteria powder per mu is 200g.
< blank group >
Cutting off the plant stems of the hispid fig from 55cm away from the ground, manually weeding and cleaning the weeds on the ground among the seedlings of the hispid fig, carrying out no measures for preventing and controlling the weeds among the seedlings of the hispid fig after weeding, and carrying out the same planting measures as the examples 1-3.
< weed control test >
Examples 1-3 and blank groups were experimentally located in Ming Long Zhen Baihumuramuramuramuramuramiun (22 ° 05'N,108 ° 77' E), gentle slope mountain land, red soil type, subtropical monsoon climate, annual rainfall 1600mm, annual average air temperature 22.5 ℃, five finger wild peach being a half year old seed seedling, garlic skins from the farm product market, eucalyptus bark from the wood mill. The planting period of the hispid fig is 3-2022 years and 10 months in 2020, and the planting area of the examples 1-3 and the blank group is 1 mu.
< test one >
Two surveys (5 months at 2021 and 5 months at 2022) were conducted on the weed control conditions of examples 1 to 3 and the blank group, 10 3 × 3m squares were randomly set between the seedlings of hispid fig in examples 1 to 3 and the blank group, respectively, the composition of the weed species appearing in the hispid in examples 1 to 3 and the blank group was counted, and the weed control rate of examples 1 to 3 was analyzed, the weed control rate being calculated by the formula:
the average value of the survey of the weed composition samples of examples 1 to 3 and the blank group, the weed control rate, the average value of two years, the statistical and analytical results are shown in table 1, and the artificial weed removal is performed on the weeds in the test sites of examples 1 to 3 and the blank group at the end of each statistical period and the test sites are removed:
TABLE 1 examples 1-3 and blank group Ficus Simplicissima under-forest weed control
| Weed number/plant number in 2021 year | Weed number/plant number in 2022 years | Rate of weed control | |
| Example 1 | 9/78 | 3/35 | 64.41％ |
| Example 2 | 10/81 | 5/42 | 58.85％ |
| Example 3 | 12/74 | 4/40 | 58.99％ |
| Blank group | 19/145 | 21/130 | —— |
As can be seen from table 1, the number of weeds recorded in the blank test plots in 2021 and 2022 was 19 and 21, respectively, and did not decrease and increase with the increase of the planting years, while in examples 1 to 3, the number of weeds and the number of plants both decreased significantly in both years, and the weed control rates reached 64.41%, 58.85% and 58.99%, respectively, and only a small amount of weeds of gramineae, compositae and cyperaceae plants were difficult to control, and therefore, the method for controlling weeds by organic-substance surface covering according to examples 1 to 3 was able to effectively control weeds.
< comparative example 1>
Cutting off the plant stems of the hispid fig from 55cm away from the ground, manually weeding and cleaning the weeds on the ground among the seedlings of the hispid fig, and adopting an agricultural mulching film allowed by organic agriculture to control the weeds among the seedlings of the hispid fig after weeding, wherein other planting measures are the same as those in the embodiment 1.
< comparative example 2>
Cutting off plant stems of the hispid fig from 55cm away from the ground, manually weeding and cleaning weeds on the ground among the hispid fig seedlings, and adopting a glufosinate herbicide to control the weeds among the weeded hispid fig seedlings, wherein other planting measures are the same as those in the embodiment 1.
< test two >
Weed control was performed in the same manner as in the two surveys (2021, 2022) for example 1, comparative example 2 and the blank group, and 10 3 × 3m samples were randomly placed between each seedling of hispid fig in example 1, comparative example 2 and the blank group, respectively. The compositions of the weed species appearing in the hispid fig-like formulations of example 1, comparative example 2 and the blank group were counted and the weed control rates of example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 were analyzed, the calculation formula of the weed control rate being:
the weeds of examples and comparative examples were composed of the mean value of the survey of the samples, the weed control rate was the mean value of two years, the statistical and analytical results are shown in table 2, and the weeds in example 1, comparative example 2 and the blank test plots were artificially removed at the end of each statistical treatment, and the test plots were removed: />
TABLE 2 weed control in example 1 and comparative examples 1 and 2 Ficus simplicissima Linn forest
| Weed number/plant number in 2021 year | Weed number/plant number in 2022 years | Rate of weed control | |
| Example 1 | 9/78 | 3/35 | 64.41％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 12/84 | 6/43 | 54.32％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 13/69 | 15/72 | 39.29％ |
| Blank group | 19/145 | 21/130 | —— |
As can be seen from table 2, in example 1 and comparative example 1, the number of weeds and the number of plants both decreased greatly in statistics in two years, while in comparative example 2, the number of weeds and the number of plants both increased in the second year compared to the first year, possibly because weeds generated a certain resistance to the glufosinate herbicide in comparative example 2, resulting in a decrease in the effect of controlling weeds, and it was found that the control rate of weeds in the ficus hirta forest treated with the glufosinate herbicide of comparative example 2 was the lowest, the control rate of weeds in the ficus hirta forest treated with the agricultural mulching film of comparative example 1 was the second, and the control rate of weeds in the organic matter mulching film mulching treatment of example 1 was significantly increased compared to comparative examples 1 and 2, indicating that the method of controlling weeds using the organic matter mulching film mulching of example 1 has better effect than the herbicides and mulching films.
< soil quality test >
During the test, soil samples are taken according to a five-point sampling method in example 1, comparative example 2 and a blank group every half year, and the organic matter content, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in soil are detected, wherein the organic matter of the soil is detected by a potassium dichromate volumetric method, the total nitrogen of the soil is detected by a Kjeldahl method, the available phosphorus is detected by sodium bicarbonate, the available potassium is detected by a flame photometry, and the detection results are shown in the following table 3:
TABLE 3 organic matter content, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and quick-acting potassium in soil under different weed control measures
| Organic matter content (%) | Total nitrogen (g/kg) | Available phosphorus (mg/kg) | Quick-acting potassium (mg/kg) | |
| Example 1 | 2.10 | 0.79 | 11.20 | 46.70 |
| Comparative example 1 | 1.70 | 0.56 | 6.30 | 34.20 |
| Comparative example 2 | 1.00 | 0.58 | 2.00 | 33.90 |
| Blank group | 1.90 | 0.72 | 5.60 | 38.50 |
As can be seen from table 3, the effect of the different weed control measures of example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 on the wild peach tree planting soil is different, and the soil organic matter content, available phosphorus and available potassium are different (p < 0.05), wherein the soil organic matter content and available phosphorus removed by the herbicide treatment of comparative example 2 are reduced to a certain extent compared with the blank group, and the analysis reason is probably because the herbicide causes the loss of nutrient components in the soil, the total nitrogen content of the soil treated by example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 is not significant (p > 0.05), while the soil organic matter content, available phosphorus and available potassium treated by the organic matter surface covering treatment of example 1 is significantly improved compared with comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 and is also improved to a certain extent compared with the blank group, which indicates that the method for controlling weeds by the organic matter surface covering of example 1 can significantly improve the soil organic matter content, the available phosphorus and available potassium content of the soil, so that the method for controlling weeds by the organic matter surface covering has the beneficial effects of improving soil quality and improving ecological benefits.
< quality test of medicinal materials >
In the interval between the seedlings of the hispid fig treated by the example 1, the comparative example 2 and the blank group, 10 fresh hispid fig medicinal materials are randomly selected, and the average single plant weight and the psoralen content of the medicinal materials of the hispid fig treated by different weeds in the example 1, the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 are measured, and the results are shown in the following table 4:
TABLE 4 average individual plant weight of Ficus Simplicissima lour medicinal material and psoralen content of medicinal material under different weed control measures
As can be seen from table 4, the differences between the individual weights and psoralen contents of the hispid fig. 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 in the different weed control measures are significant (p is less than 0.05), wherein the average individual weight (2.2 kg) and psoralen content (0.0126%) of the hispid fig. 2 treated by glufosinate herbicide are the lowest, the analysis reason may be that the herbicide causes the loss of nutrient components in soil and indirectly causes the low quality of the planted hispid fig. 1, and the average individual weight (3.4 kg) and psoralen content (0.0165%) of the organic matter ground surface covering treatment of example 1 are the highest and are significantly higher than those of the comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and blank group, which indicates that the hispid fig. medicinal materials planted among the seedlings treated by the organic matter ground surface covering treatment of example 1 have higher quality, so that the method for controlling weeds by the organic matter ground surface covering has the beneficial effect of improving the quality of the medicinal materials.
< testing of content of heavy metal and pesticide residue >
In the case of the fig. 1, the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2, 10 fresh fig. medicinal materials are randomly selected among the fig. seedlings treated by the example 1, the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2, and the content of heavy metal and pesticide residue in the fig. medicinal materials treated by different weeds in the example 1, the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 is measured, and as a result, the result shows that the heavy metal cadmium (Cd) of the fig. medicinal material treated by the comparative example 2 exceeds the standard, the content is 0.838mg/kg and exceeds the Cd 0.3mg/kg standard of the Cd standard of the green trade industry of the WM/T2-2004 medicinal plant and the external trade of the preparation, and the content of heavy metal and pesticide residue in the fig. medicinal material treated by the example 1 and the comparative example 1 meets the judgment standard of the Cd standard of the green trade industry of the WM/T2-2004 medicinal plant and the external trade of the preparation, which shows that the fig. medicinal materials planted among the fig. seedlings treated by the organic matter surface covering of the example 1 are safe and meet the green industry standard.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor for which the invention may be embodied with additional modifications as would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not limited to the details given herein and to the embodiments shown and described without departing from the generic concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The method for preventing and controlling weeds by covering the surface of an organic matter is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, pruning the hispid fig, cleaning weeds among seedlings of the hispid fig, collecting branches and leaves of the hispid fig sheared and mixing the weeds to obtain a mixture of dry branches and fallen leaves;
covering an organic covering on the surface of the weeded hispid fig seedlings, and spreading decomposed bacterial powder at intervals in the covering process, wherein the organic covering comprises a dead branch and fallen leaf mixture, garlic bark and eucalyptus bark, and the volume ratio of the dead branch and fallen leaf mixture is 2:3-5:3-5.
2. The method for controlling weeds by covering an organic ground surface according to claim 1, wherein the decomposed bacteria powder comprises EM (effective microorganisms) powder and bacillus subtilis at a mass ratio of 1:1-2.
3. The method for controlling weeds by organic surface covering according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the mixture of dry branches and fallen leaves comprises the steps of:
cutting off the plant stems of the hispid fig from the ground by 50-60 cm to obtain branches and leaves of the hispid fig;
weeding and cleaning the weeds on the ground to obtain weed dead branches;
cutting the branches and leaves of the hispid fig and the weed dead branches into 1-2 cm, and uniformly mixing.
4. The method for controlling weeds by organic surface covering according to claim 1, wherein the eucalyptus bark is treated by the method comprising: and crushing the eucalyptus bark into the length of 0.5-1.5 cm.
5. The method for controlling weeds by organic surface covering according to claim 1, wherein the organic covering has a thickness of 5 to 10cm.
6. The method for controlling weeds by covering an organic ground surface according to claim 5, wherein decomposed bacterial powders are uniformly spread and sprinkled respectively when the organic covering covers to a thickness of 1 to 2, 3 to 4, 5 to 6, 7 to 8cm to form decomposed bacterial powder layers, wherein the amount of the decomposed bacterial powders per acre is 180 to 200g.
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