CN115833651B - Vibration energy collection device based on defect topology metamaterial beam - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vibration energy collecting device based on a defect topology metamaterial beam, which mainly solves the problems of poor anti-interference capability and low output power of the existing metamaterial vibration energy collecting device. The scheme comprises the following steps: the device comprises a topological metamaterial beam, a local defect, a piezoelectric element and an energy collecting circuit. The topological metamaterial beam consists of two sub-beams, namely an A beam and a B beam. The A beam consists of four type I unit cells, and the B beam consists of four type II unit cells. Through structural design to I class unit cell and II class unit cell for topological metamaterial beam appears boundary state in the juncture of A roof beam and B roof beam, gathers vibration energy in boundary department, utilizes piezoelectric element and energy collection circuit to convert vibration energy into the electric energy. The purpose of localized defects at the boundary is to improve vibration energy harvesting efficiency. The invention has the characteristics of strong interference resistance and high output power, and has the capability of efficiently and stably collecting the environmental vibration energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy collection, and relates to a vibration energy collection device, in particular to a vibration energy collection device based on a defect topology metamaterial beam, which has high anti-interference capability and high output power.
Background
With the continued development of unlimited sensing technology and microelectromechanical systems technology, the scale of use of wireless sensors and small portable electronic devices is increasing. Currently, most of the energy supply technologies of wireless sensors and small portable electronic devices are mainly battery technologies, and mainly include fuel cells, thin film batteries, and the like. The technology has the characteristics of mature production process, high energy density, simple use and the like, but the service life of the traditional battery is limited relative to the service life of working equipment, and in certain application occasions, the replacement or the charging of the battery is a very high cost and sometimes even impossible task. Meanwhile, a large number of waste batteries can bring serious pollution to the environment. New energy supply technologies need to be studied to accommodate the development of microelectronic devices.
In natural environments, vibrations are ubiquitous, such as running of vehicles, operation of machines, and the like. Harvesting ambient vibration energy to power wireless sensors or small electronic devices has been widely studied and used in particular applications. Currently, there are three ways to convert vibration energy into electrical energy: electromagnetic induction, electrostatic effects, and piezoelectric effects, among which piezoelectric energy harvesting techniques have received more attention. The main reason is that piezoelectric energy harvesting techniques have the advantage of simple structure, high energy density, and ease of integration with micro devices, as compared to the other two types of conversion mechanisms. The traditional piezoelectric energy collecting device is very sensitive, and the piezoelectric sheet is easy to damage under severe vibration, so that the energy collecting function of the piezoelectric sheet is affected, and the energy collecting efficiency of the piezoelectric sheet is possibly seriously affected by partial structural defects.
Acoustic metamaterials are a precisely manipulated, manufactured composite material. In recent years, it has become a new medium for realizing energy collection as an artificial material capable of periodically modulating sound waves and having an acoustic band gap. From the energy collection point of view, compared with natural materials, the unique physical properties of the metamaterial, including local resonance band gap, local defect immunity, elastic wave concentration and the like, have the potential of energy collection. At present, research on an acoustic metamaterial vibration energy collector shows that the energy converging effect of a metamaterial on elastic waves is obviously superior to that of a traditional piezoelectric energy collecting device. However, energy harvesting systems based on metamaterial structures are very sensitive to defects (such as structural damage and fatigue), and local defects can significantly affect the effect of energy concentration, and even lose the energy concentration function when severe. Thus, local defects may cause the output power of the metamaterial energy harvesting system to be significantly reduced, thereby reducing energy harvesting efficiency. For this reason, how to improve the robustness of the metamaterial energy harvesting technology is a key problem that needs to be solved urgently at present.
In recent years, the topology metamaterial has a great application prospect in the aspects of efficient transmission, regulation and control of waves and the like due to the characteristics of topology protection and insensitivity to local defects, and the topology metamaterial is also gradually becoming a popular field of research. Among them, boundary states of topological edge volumes have attracted extensive attention from students. The topologically protected boundary states are immune to lattice defects, which are important for stable propagation and concentration of elastic waves. Thus, the boundary state of topological metamaterials is a very potential solution to achieving robust and reliable vibration energy harvesting.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a vibration energy collecting device based on a defect topology metamaterial beam, which mainly solves the problems of poor anti-interference capability and low output power of the existing metamaterial vibration energy collecting device. In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a vibration energy collection device based on a defect topology metamaterial beam, comprising: topological metamaterial beams, defective parts, piezoelectric elements and an energy collection circuit; the topological metamaterial beam is formed by fixedly connecting left and right sub beams (namely an A beam and a B beam), wherein the A beam consists of four I-type single cells, and the B beam consists of four II-type single cells.
The widths of the five sections of I type single cells are the same, and the I type single cells are W c The total length l=30mm of class I unit cells. The lengths of the first section of cuboid to the fifth section of cuboid are respectively as follows: l (L) 1 、l 2 、l 3 、l 4 、l 5 The first and fifth sections have the same length (i.e.) 1 ＝l 5 ) The lengths of the second section and the fourth section are identical and have a constant value (i.e.) 2 ＝l 4 ) Thus the length of the third segment may be l 3 ＝L－2l 1 －2l 2 . The heights of the first section, the third section and the fifth section are the same, h is used a A representation; and the second section and the fourth section have the same height, and h is used b And (3) representing.
The widths of the five sections of the II type single cells are the same, and the II type single cells are W c The total length of class II unit cells is the same as class I unit cells, and l=30 mm. The lengths of the first section of cuboid to the fifth section of cuboid are respectively as follows:the length of the first and fifth sections is the same (i.e.)>) The second and fourth sections are identical in length and are of constant value (i.e. +.>) Thus the length of the third segment is +.>The heights of the first section, the third section and the fifth section are the same, h is used a A representation; and the second section and the fourth section have the same height, and h is used b And (3) representing.
The defective portion is located on the upper surface of the junction of the left half a beam and the right half B beam. The length, width and height of the defect part are respectively l c 、W c 、h c . The length of the defect is not more thanWidth is equal to width W of topological metamaterial beam c The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The defect height is not more than h a . The extent of the defect is achieved mainly by changing the size of the defect, for example by increasing the height or length of the defect.
The piezoelectric part mainly comprises a piezoelectric element and an energy collecting circuit, the piezoelectric element is positioned at the other side of the defect part (6), and the length, width and height of the piezoelectric element are respectively l d 、W d 、h d . Through the design of class I unit cell and class II unit cell, the boundary state can appear in the topological metamaterial beam at the joint of the left half part A beam and the right half part B beam (namely the fifth section of the class I unit cell and the first section of the class II unit cell), the vibration energy is collected at the boundary, and the vibration energy is converted into electric energy through the piezoelectric element and the energy collecting circuit, wherein the energy collecting circuit can be a resistor or other complex circuits. .
According to the vibration energy collection device based on the defect topological metamaterial beam, when the topological metamaterial beam vibrates under the action of external excitation, the piezoelectric sheet is deformed due to bending deformation of the beam. The piezoelectric plate converts mechanical energy into electric energy through piezoelectric effect and provides the electric energy for a load circuit. When the load circuit is a resistor, the electric energy of the piezoelectric sheet is consumed; when the load circuit is a tank circuit, electrical energy is stored in the circuit. Through the structural design of I type unit cell and II type unit cell, the topological characteristics of I type unit cell and II type unit cell can be different, so that the boundary state of the whole topological metamaterial beam at the joint of the A beam and the B beam can be ensured, vibration energy is collected at the boundary, and the vibration energy is converted into electric energy through a piezoelectric element and an energy collecting circuit. Because the defect topological metamaterial beam has the topological protection characteristic and the efficient energy convergence characteristic, the invention has the characteristics of strong interference resistance and high output power, and has the capability of efficiently and stably collecting the environmental vibration energy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention applies the topological metamaterial to the piezoelectric vibration energy collection technology to realize the vibration energy collection with the defect immune function. The research result is expected to provide theoretical basis and design basis for the topological metamaterial piezoelectric vibration energy collection system, and a new method is provided for further realizing stable and reliable vibration energy collection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one possible structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of dimensional parameters for class I unit cells;
FIG. 3 is a graph of dimensional parameters for class II unit cells;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the local defect and piezoelectric patch position dimensions;
FIG. 5 is a band diagram of the dispersion relation of the unit structure;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the rule of influence of cell length on dispersion relation;
FIG. 7 is a graph of defect free topology metamaterial transfer characteristics and energy harvesting voltages;
FIG. 8 is a graph of defective topology metamaterial transfer properties and energy harvesting voltages;
the device comprises a 1-topological metamaterial beam, a 2-left half part A beam, a 3-right half part B beam, 4-I type single cells, 5-II type single cells, 6-local defects, 7-piezoelectric elements and 8-energy collecting circuits.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and detailed description for the purpose of better understanding of the technical solution of the present invention to those skilled in the art. Embodiments of the present invention will hereinafter be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar parts throughout, or parts having like or similar functions. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary only for explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
Specifically, the embodiment provides a vibration energy collecting device based on a metamaterial beam containing defects, as shown in fig. 1, which comprises: the invention comprises a topological metamaterial beam 1, a left half part A beam 2, a right half part B beam 3, a local defect 6, a piezoelectric part 7 and an energy collecting circuit 8 of the topological metamaterial beam 1. Specific: the topological metamaterial beam 1 comprises a base, and a left half part A beam 2 and a right half part B beam 3 which are fixedly connected with the base; the leftmost end of the left half part A beam 2 is connected with the base, and the rightmost end of the right half part B beam 3 is a free end; the left half part A beam 2 and the right half part B beam 3 respectively comprise four unit structures, the respective unit structures of the left half part A beam 2 and the right half part B beam 3 are different, the left half part A beam 2 comprises four I-type single cells, and the right half part B beam 3 comprises four II-type single cells, as shown in figure 1.
The width of the I type single cell 4 is the same from five sections, and the I type single cell is W c Cuboid composition of class I unit cellTotal length l=30 mm of 4. The lengths of the first section of cuboid to the fifth section of cuboid are respectively as follows: l (L) 1 、l 2 、l 3 、l 4 、l 5 The first and fifth sections have the same length (i.e.) 1 ＝l 5 ) The lengths of the second section and the fourth section are identical and have a constant value (i.e.) 2 ＝l 4 ) Thus the length of the third segment is l 3 ＝L－2l 1 －2l 2 . The heights of the first section, the third section and the fifth section are the same, h is used a A representation; and the second section and the fourth section have the same height, and h is used b And (3) representing. The specific dimensions are shown in fig. 2. The specific dimensional values of the above parameters in this example are shown in table 1.
Table 1. Class i unit cell size table
The width of the class II unit cell 5 is the same as that of the five sections, and the five sections are W c The overall length of class II unit cell 5 is the same as class I unit cell 4, all being l=30 mm. The lengths of the first section of cuboid to the fifth section of cuboid are respectively as follows:the length of the first and fifth sections is the same (i.e.)>) The second and fourth sections are identical in length and are of constant value (i.e. +.>) Thus the length of the third segment is +.>The heights of the first section, the third section and the fifth section are the same, h is used a A representation; and the second section and the fourth section have the same height, and h is used b And (3) representing. The specific dimensions are shown in fig. 3. The specific size values of the parameters in this embodiment are shown in Table 2As shown.
Table 2. Class ii unit cell size table
Through the structural design of the I-type single cell 4 and the II-type single cell 5, the topological characteristics of the I-type single cell 4 and the II-type single cell 5 can be different, so that the boundary state of the whole topological metamaterial beam 1 can appear at the junction of the left half part A beam 2 and the right half part B beam 3, the vibration energy is collected at the boundary, and the vibration energy is converted into electric energy through the piezoelectric element (7) and the energy collecting circuit 8.
The defective portion 6 is shown in fig. 1 and is located on the upper surface of the junction of the left half a-beam 2 and the right half B-beam 3. The specific size of the defect is shown in FIG. 4, and the length, width and height of the defect are respectively l c 、W c 、h c . The defect sizes used in this example are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 defect portion size table
The piezoelectric part mainly comprises a piezoelectric element 7 and an energy collecting circuit 8, wherein the piezoelectric element 7 is positioned at the other side of the defect part 6, the specific size of the piezoelectric element 7 is shown in figure 4, and the length, width and height of the piezoelectric element are respectively l d 、W d 、h d . Wherein the piezoelectric element 7 is connected to an external energy harvesting circuit 8, the energy harvesting circuit 8 may be a resistor or other complex circuit. The piezoelectric sheet used in this example was PZT-5H, and the specific dimensions are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 piezoelectric element size meter
In the invention, compared with the existing metamaterial vibration energy collecting device, the topological metamaterial vibration energy collecting device with defects, which is composed of the topological metamaterial beam 1, the local defect 6, the piezoelectric element 7 and the energy collecting circuit 8, has the characteristics of strong interference resistance and high output power, and has the capability of efficiently and stably collecting environmental vibration energy.
Vibration energy collection device based on defect topology metamaterial beam, its characterized in that, the design method of device does:
s1: a model of a unit structure is established by using COMSOL finite element software, and structural dimensions and material parameters are set.
S2: applying periodic boundary conditions to the cell structure 4 of the a-beam and the cell structure 5 of the B-beam, maintaining the total length L, height and width W of the cell c Is unchanged, keep the second section (l 2 And) And a fourth section (l) 4 And->) The length of the microstructure is unchanged, and the length (l 3 Or->) Influence law on the dispersion relation of the whole unit structure, wherein l=30mm, note: the lengths of the first and fifth sections remain the same and vary as the length of the third section varies.
S3: based on the rule of influence of the microstructure unit length on the dispersion relation, a mode inversion curve graph can be obtained, as shown in fig. 7. Wherein the intersection position of the two curves is the mode turning point, and the corresponding length is the critical length l 0 As can be seen from FIG. 7, in the structure shown herein, l 0 =8mm. According to the rule of influence of unit length on dispersion relation, along with l 3 Is increased, the band gap is closed and reopened, when l 3 <When the length is 8mm, the part with larger first-order modal deformation of the unit cell structure is concentrated at the middle part, and the part with larger second-order modal deformation is of an antisymmetric structure and concentratedAt both ends, the two ends are symmetrical structures; when l 3 >And when the thickness is 8mm, the symmetry of the first-order mode and the second-order mode is reversed, the part with larger first-order mode deformation of the unit cell structure is concentrated at two ends to form a symmetrical structure, and the part with larger second-order mode deformation is concentrated in the middle area to form an antisymmetric structure. l (L) 3 >l 0 Corresponding microstructure and l 3 <l 0 The corresponding microstructures have different topological properties. In order to ensure that the a-beam 2 and the B-beam 3 have different topological properties, in the structure shown here, a third length l of the class I unit cell 4 is chosen 3 <l 0 (get l) 3 =2mm), selecting the third length of class II unit cell 5(taking->). To improve the energy collection efficiency, topology boundary states are constructed by respectively setting l 3 =2mm sumTo design class I unit cell 4 and class II unit cell 5. The number of the units of the left half part A beam 2 and the right half part B beam 3 is 10. The transmissibility of the defect-free topological metamaterial is obtained through simulation. Figure 7 shows defect free topology metamaterial transmissivities and displacement response distributions. First, a band gap is observed in the transmissibility graph, and a topological boundary state is observed inside the band gap. According to the transmissivity image and displacement response distribution diagram of the topological metamaterial, two formants exist in the band gap, but only the formants with f=2620 Hz are boundary states. To illustrate these characteristics, the displacement distribution is plotted as shown in fig. 7. When f=2620 Hz, a boundary state occurs at the junction of the a beam 2 and the B beam 3, where the elastic wave is concentrated, and the energy collection efficiency is highest. The external circuit resistor r=10mΩ employed in the present embodiment calculates the voltage distribution in the forbidden band region as shown in fig. 7 (e). As can be seen from fig. 7 (e), the voltage is at a maximum of 365V when f=2620 Hz.
S4: to improve energy harvesting efficiency, a structure with defectsTopology boundary states. Respectively set up l 3 =2mm sumTo design class I unit cell 4 and class II unit cell 5. The local defect 6 shown in fig. 4 is provided, and the specific dimensions are shown in table 3. The number of the units of the left half part A beam 2 and the right half part B beam 3 is 10. The transmissivity of the topological metamaterial is obtained through simulation. Fig. 7 shows the metamaterial transmissivities and displacement response distributions with defect topology. First, a band gap is observed in the transmissibility graph, and a topological boundary state is observed inside the band gap. According to the transmissivity image and displacement response distribution diagram of the topological metamaterial, two formants exist in the band gap, but only the formants with f=2532 Hz are boundary states. To illustrate these characteristics, the displacement distribution is plotted as shown in fig. 8. When f=2532 Hz, a boundary state occurs at the junction of the a beam 2 and the B beam 3, where the elastic wave is concentrated, and the energy collection efficiency is highest. The external circuit resistor r=10mΩ employed in this example, like the topology metamaterial piezoelectric energy collector without defects, calculates the voltage distribution in the forbidden band region at this time, as shown in fig. 8 (e). As can be seen from fig. 8 (e), the voltage is 532V at maximum when f=2532 Hz.
Compared with a non-defective piezoelectric energy collector, the voltage of the topological metamaterial energy collection system with defects is remarkably improved by about 46%. Therefore, the piezoelectric energy collector with defects has higher energy collection efficiency than the piezoelectric energy collector without defects, and in addition, compared with the traditional metamaterial vibration energy collection device, the piezoelectric energy collector with defects has the characteristics of strong anti-interference and high output power, and has the capability of efficiently and stably collecting environmental vibration energy
Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The vibration energy collecting device based on the defect topological metamaterial beam is characterized by comprising a topological metamaterial beam (1), a defect part (6) and a piezoelectric part;
the topological metamaterial beam (1) comprises a base, and a left half part A beam (2) and a right half part B beam (3) fixedly connected with the base; the leftmost end of the left half part A beam (2) is connected with the base, and the rightmost end of the right half part B beam (3) is a free end;
the left half part A beam (2) and the right half part B beam (3) respectively comprise four unit structures, the unit structures of the left half part A beam (2) and the right half part B beam (3) are different, and the left half part A beam (2) comprises four I-type single cells (4); the right half part B beam (3) comprises four class II single cells (5); the I type unit cell (4) is formed by five sections with the width W c The total length l=30mm of class I unit cells (4); the lengths of the first section of cuboid to the fifth section of cuboid are respectively as follows: l (L) 1 、l 2 、l 3 、l 4 、l 5 The first and fifth sections have the same length, i.e. l 1 ＝l 5 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The lengths of the second section and the fourth section are identical and have constant values, i.e. l 2 ＝l 4 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The length of the third segment is the total length minus the remaining length of the other segments, i.e./ 3 ＝L－2l 1 －2l 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The heights of the first section, the third section and the fifth section are the same, h is used a A representation; and the second section and the fourth section have the same height, and h is used b A representation;
the class II unit cell (5) is formed by five sections with the width W c The total length of the class II unit cell (5) is the same as that of the class I unit cell (4), and the total length is L=30mm; the lengths of the first section of cuboid to the fifth section of cuboid are respectively as follows:the length of the first and fifth sections is the same, i.e. +.>Second sectionThe length of the fourth segment is identical and constant, i.e. +.>The length of the third segment is thus the total length minus the remaining length of the other segments, i.eThe heights of the first section, the third section and the fifth section are the same, h is used a A representation; and the second section and the fourth section have the same height, and h is used b A representation; the defect part (6) is positioned at the joint of the left half part A beam (2) and the right half part B beam (3), namely the defect part (6) is positioned on the upper surface of the first section of the I type unit cell (4) and the II type unit cell (5): the length, width and height are respectively l c 、W c 、h c The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Length l of the defective portion (6) c Not more than->The width of the defect part (6) is equal to the width W of the topological metamaterial beam c ；
Height h of the defective portion (6) c Not more than h a ；
The piezoelectric part comprises a piezoelectric element (7) and an energy collecting circuit (8); the topological metamaterial beam (1) is connected with the left half part A beam (2) and the right half part B beam (3) through the class I unit cell (4) and the class II unit cell (5), namely, the fifth section of the class I unit cell (4) and the first section of the class II unit cell (5) are in a boundary state, vibration energy is collected at the boundary, and the vibration energy is converted into electric energy through the piezoelectric element (7) and the energy collecting circuit (8);
obtaining a modal turning curve graph based on the influence rule of the lengths of the microstructure units on the dispersion relation; the intersection position in the modal turning curve chart is the modal turning point, and the corresponding length is the critical length l 0 In the case of a beam (2) in the left half and a beam (3) in the right half having different topological properties, the third length l of the type I unit cell (4) 3 <l 0 Third length of class II unit cell (5)
2. The vibration energy collecting device based on the defect topology metamaterial beam according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric element (7) is located at the other side of the defect part (6), namely, located at the lower surface of the connection part of the left half part A beam (2) and the right half part B beam (3), and the length, width and height of the piezoelectric element (7) are respectively l d 、W d 、h d The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein the piezoelectric element (7) is connected to an external energy harvesting circuit (8), the energy harvesting circuit (8) may be a resistor or other complex circuit.
3. The vibration energy collection device based on the defect topological metamaterial beam according to claim 1, wherein when the topological metamaterial beam (1) vibrates under the action of external excitation, the bending deformation of the topological metamaterial beam (1) deforms the piezoelectric sheet; the piezoelectric element (7) of the piezoelectric part converts mechanical energy into electric energy through piezoelectric effect and provides the electric energy for the load circuit; when the load circuit is a resistor, the electric energy of the piezoelectric sheet is consumed; when the load circuit is a tank circuit, electrical energy is stored in the circuit.
4. A vibration energy collecting device based on a defect topology metamaterial beam according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the preparation method of the device is as follows:
s1: establishing a model of the unit structure by using COMSOL finite element software, and setting structural dimensions and material parameters;
s2: applying periodic boundary conditions to the group I unit cells (4) and the group II unit cells (5), and keeping the total length L, the height and the width W of the unit cells c Unchanged, keep the second section l 2 Andand a fourth section l 4 And->The length of the microstructure is unchanged, and the length l of the microstructure of the third section is calculated 3 Or->Influence rules of the dispersion relation of the whole unit structure; wherein the lengths of the first section and the fifth section remain consistent and change with the change of the length of the third section;
s3: obtaining a modal turning curve graph based on the influence rule of the lengths of the microstructure units on the dispersion relation; wherein the intersection position of the two curves is the modal turning point, and the corresponding length is the critical length l 0 : for l 3 <l 0 The part with larger first-order modal deformation of the unit cell structure is concentrated in the middle of the unit cell and is an antisymmetric structure, and the part with larger second-order modal deformation is concentrated at two ends of the unit cell and is a symmetrical structure; for l 3 >l 0 The part with larger first-order modal deformation of the unit cell structure is concentrated at the two ends of the unit cell and is a symmetrical structure, and the part with larger second-order modal deformation is concentrated in the middle of the unit cell and is an antisymmetric structure; thus l 3 >l 0 Corresponding microstructure and l 3 <l 0 The corresponding microstructures have different topological properties; under the condition that the left half part A beam (2) and the right half part B beam (3) have different topological characteristics, selecting the third section length l of the I-type unit cell (4) 3 <l 0 Third length of class II unit cell (5)
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