CN115832837A - Laser device for realizing single longitudinal mode based on intracavity light feedback - Google Patents
Laser device for realizing single longitudinal mode based on intracavity light feedback Download PDFInfo
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- CN115832837A CN115832837A CN202211452454.3A CN202211452454A CN115832837A CN 115832837 A CN115832837 A CN 115832837A CN 202211452454 A CN202211452454 A CN 202211452454A CN 115832837 A CN115832837 A CN 115832837A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser for realizing a single longitudinal mode based on intracavity optical feedback, which comprises a laser crystal, a pumping light source, a ring cavity formed by a plurality of cavity mirrors, and a feedback/output combination structure consisting of a beam splitter and a high-reflection mirror, wherein the beam splitter is used as a feedback beam splitter and a laser output mirror. The high reflection mirror presents high reflectivity when the incident angle is 0 degree, and plays a feedback role, and the feedback/output combines the circular cavity with a structure to force the laser in the resonant cavity to run anticlockwise and unidirectionally. The invention relates to a new scheme for realizing unidirectional laser operation, which realizes unidirectional operation of laser in an s-polarization mode by using a polarization beam splitting sheet to replace an endoscope and combining feedback and output in a resonant cavity. Compared with an optical isolator consisting of a Faraday rotator and a half wave plate, the invention not only has good unidirectional effect, but also can reduce the loss of elements in a cavity, improve the efficiency of the laser and avoid the influence of the thermal effect of the magneto-optical crystal on the laser.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lasers, in particular to a laser for realizing a single longitudinal mode based on intracavity optical feedback, and particularly relates to a method for enabling laser to operate in a resonant cavity in a single direction by applying an optical feedback technology.
Background
The single-frequency solid-state laser has the advantages of narrow line width, high conversion efficiency, compact structure, good beam quality and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of nonlinear optics, quantum optics, optical precision measurement and the like.
The existing single-frequency solid-state laser realizes single-frequency by utilizing magneto-optic effect in a ring cavity to realize unidirectional operation of laser in the cavity, thereby avoiding space hole burning effect and realizing single longitudinal mode. The basic principle of the method is that the optical losses in the positive direction and the negative direction of the optical isolator are different, the mode in one direction is inhibited in laser crystal radiation due to overlarge loss, and the optical energy in the other direction can smoothly keep unidirectional operation.
The magneto-optical effect in the existing single-frequency laser is mainly applied in two modes, one mode is that the magneto-optical characteristic of a laser crystal is utilized, and a resonant cavity adopts a non-planar structure to realize unidirectional operation of laser in the cavity. The other is that a magneto-optical crystal such as TGG (terbium gallium garnet) is added in the optical cavity, a magnet is additionally arranged on the TGG to form a Faraday rotator, and then a half wave plate is combined to realize unidirectional laser operation. The first approach suffers from laser machining and alignment difficulties. The second method makes the laser difficult to be miniaturized because of the additional addition of the magneto-optical crystal, the magnet and the half wave plate. The two modes have thermal lens effect and depolarization effect on a high-power laser, and influence the stability and polarization characteristics of output laser. And the magneto-optical coefficient can change along with the wavelength of laser, and for some wavelengths of light, the magneto-optical effect is very small or even not, so that the mode of realizing one-way by utilizing the magneto-optical effect is limited in application.
Studies have shown that it is feasible to use optical feedback to generate unidirectional oscillations outside the ring cavity of a pulsed Q-switched solid-state laser. About Nd: YVO has been reported in 2016 4 A butterfly ring in the laser is provided with a high reflector outside the cavity to provide optical feedback, and a passive modulation QCr (YAG) (Jacopo Rubens Negri, et al. "Passively Q-switched single-frequency Nd: YVO) is combined 4 ring laser with external feedback, "Optics Express 26.9 (2018): 11903"), to obtain a single-frequency and unidirectional high quality TEM 00 The mode pulses light. In 2019, a passive Q-switched Nd-YAG ring laser (Jacopo) with rectangular cavity and high reflector for providing optical feedback is reportedRubens Negri, et al, "Jitter injection of narrow-width passive Q-switched dND: YAG indirect ring laser." Optics Letters 44.12 (2019): 3094-3097.) pulsed light with an extinction ratio of 99 was obtained in a rectangular annular cavity.
The existing one-way operation realized by utilizing optical feedback has the advantages that the principle is simple, the used cavity mirror does not need to consider the thermal lens effect, an isolator does not need to be added in the resonant cavity, the space of the resonant cavity is saved, and the optical loss caused by elements in the cavity is reduced. However, the feedback modes are realized based on the extraluminal feedback and the pulsed light, and the intracavity forward-backward extinction ratio is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved by the invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a laser for realizing a single longitudinal mode based on intracavity optical feedback, and the invention is mainly characterized in that a scheme for realizing unidirectional laser operation by feedback in a resonant cavity is provided, compared with the traditional optical isolator, the length of the resonant cavity is shortened, the loss caused by elements in the resonant cavity is avoided, and the output power of the laser is improved.
2. Technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a laser for realizing a single longitudinal mode based on intracavity optical feedback, which comprises a laser crystal, a pumping light source, a ring cavity surrounded by a plurality of cavity mirrors, and a feedback/output combination structure composed of a beam splitter and a high-reflection mirror, wherein the beam splitter is used as a feedback beam splitter and an output mirror, the high-reflection mirror presents high reflectivity when the incident angle is 0 degree, and the feedback/output combination structure is combined with the ring cavity to force the laser in a resonant cavity to run anticlockwise and unidirectionally.
As a further improvement of the invention, one surface of the beam splitter facing the laser crystal is plated with a partial reflection film, and the reflection film partially reflects s light, or partially reflects p light, or partially reflects both s light and p light; the other side is plated with an anti-reflection film.
As a further improvement of the invention, the high-reflection mirror and the incident light are arranged in a vertical state, so that the output light energy of the beam splitter returns to the resonant cavity.
As a further improvement of the invention, the high-reflection mirror adopts a plane feedback mirror, a plano-concave feedback mirror or a plano-convex feedback mirror.
As a further improvement of the invention, the high reflection mirror adopts a plano-concave feedback mirror, the plane of the plano-concave feedback mirror faces to the beam splitter, and the concave surface faces back to the beam splitter.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the annular cavity includes, but is not limited to, a rectangular annular cavity, a butterfly annular cavity, and a trapezoidal annular cavity.
As a further improvement of the invention, the annular cavity consists of a first plane mirror, a second plane mirror, a third plane mirror and a fourth plane mirror, and the structure is rectangular or trapezoidal.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the first plane mirror, the third plane mirror and the fourth plane mirror adopt high-reflection mirrors, the second plane mirror adopts a polarization beam splitter, the high-reflection mirror is high-reflection for s-polarized light, and the high-transmission mirror is high-transmission for p-polarized light, the laser crystal is arranged between the first plane mirror and the second plane mirror, and the beam splitter is arranged between the laser crystal and the second plane mirror.
As a further improvement of the invention, the annular cavity consists of a first plane mirror, a second plane mirror, a first plane concave mirror and a second plane concave mirror, the structure is butterfly, the first plane mirror adopts a high-reflection cavity mirror, the second plane mirror adopts a polarization beam splitter, the high-reflection is carried out on s-polarized light, the high-transmission is carried out on p-polarized light, the laser crystal is arranged between the first plane mirror and the second plane mirror, and the beam splitter is arranged between the laser crystal and the second plane mirror.
As a further improvement of the invention, a frequency doubling crystal is arranged between the first concave mirror and the second concave mirror.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following remarkable effects:
(1) The invention relates to a laser for realizing a single longitudinal mode based on intracavity optical feedback, which is a new scheme for realizing unidirectional laser operation, combines a feedback and output combined device in a resonant cavity to realize unidirectional operation of intracavity s-polarized laser, and can reduce the loss of elements in the cavity under the condition of realizing the same effect compared with an optical isolator consisting of a Faraday rotator and a half wave plate.
(2) The laser for realizing the single longitudinal mode based on the intracavity optical feedback only needs one beam splitter and a high-reflection mirror, the beam splitter is used as a feedback mirror and a laser output mirror, and the intracavity feedback and output combined structure is adopted to realize the unidirectional operation of the laser in the cavity, so that the laser is not only suitable for a trapezoidal structure annular cavity, but also suitable for a rectangular annular cavity and a butterfly annular cavity.
(3) The laser for realizing the single longitudinal mode based on the intracavity optical feedback is not only suitable for Nd-YAG crystals, but also suitable for laser crystals belonging to cubic crystal systems and single-axis crystal systems, such as Nd-YVO 4 And (4) crystals.
(4) The laser for realizing the single longitudinal mode based on the intracavity optical feedback is applied to the generation of continuous light and outputs 7.58W of continuous single longitudinal mode 1064nm laser under the pumping current of 20A. In the experiment, the plano-concave feedback mirror, the plane feedback mirror or the plano-convex feedback mirror can achieve a one-way effect, and compared with the plane feedback mirror, the plano-concave feedback mirror or the plano-convex feedback mirror is adopted to achieve a higher forward and reverse extinction ratio. Compared with a high-reflectivity plane mirror adopted by an extra-cavity feedback system, the scheme adopts a plano-concave mirror as a feedback mirror, the forward and reverse extinction ratio in the cavity is increased to 200, and the unidirectional operation of laser is easier to realize.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a laser according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a laser according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser according to embodiment 4 of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the schematic drawings illustrate:
1. a first plane mirror; 21. a laser crystal; 22. a pump light source; 31. a laser current pumping module; 32. a semiconductor pump array; 33. a focusing module; 4. a second plane mirror; 5. a third planar mirror; 6. a fourth plane mirror; 71. a beam splitter; 72. a high-reflection mirror; 81. a first plano-concave mirror; 82. a second plano-concave mirror; 9. frequency doubling crystals.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
With reference to fig. 1, the laser for implementing a single longitudinal mode based on intracavity optical feedback of the present embodiment includes a laser crystal 21, a pump light source 22, a laser current pumping module 31, a four-mirror loop cavity, and a feedback/output combination structure, where the pump light source 22 employs a laser diode array, and the laser crystal 21 is side-pumped by applying a pumping current to the laser diode array. The laser crystal 21 adopts Nd: YAG rod-shaped crystal with the diameter of 2mm and the length of 20mm, and two light-passing surfaces of the Nd: YAG crystal are plated with 1064nm antireflection films.
The four-mirror ring parallel cavity is in a trapezoidal structure and consists of a first plane mirror 1, a second plane mirror 4, a third plane mirror 5 and a fourth plane mirror 6. The first plane mirror 1, the third plane mirror 5 and the fourth plane mirror 6 adopt high-reflectivity mirrors, the second plane mirror 4 adopts a polarization beam splitter, the laser crystal 21 is arranged between the first plane mirror 1 and the second plane mirror 4, and the beam splitter 71 is arranged between the laser crystal 21 and the second plane mirror 4. The surface of the first plane mirror 1 facing the laser crystal 21 is plated with a 1064nm high-reflection film; the other side is a polished side, so as to facilitate the incidence of the collimated laser. The second plane mirror 4 is used for polarization beam splitting, and when the included angle between the incident light and the reflected light is about 113 °, the surface facing the cavity is highly transmissive to p-polarized light and highly reflective to s-polarized light. The third plane mirror 5 and the fourth plane mirror 6 are coated with high-reflection films towards the surfaces in the cavity, and the high-reflection films have high reflectivity to both p-polarized light and s-polarized light, so that laser in the resonant cavity can run in s-polarization.
The structure for realizing the feedback/output of the intracavity light in one-way operation is composed of a beam splitter 71 and a high reflection mirror 72, wherein the surface of the beam splitter 71 facing the laser crystal 21 is plated with a partial reflection film, and the other surface is plated with an antireflection film to be used as a feedback beam splitter and an output mirror. The partially reflective film had a reflectance of 10% and a transmittance of 90% for s-polarized light. The high reflection mirror 72 is a plano-concave feedback mirror, the plane of the plano-concave feedback mirror faces the beam splitter 71, the concave surface faces away from the beam splitter 71, the high reflection rate is presented when the incident angle is 0 degrees, and the curvature radius of the concave surface is 1 meter. The high-reflection mirror 72 is arranged in a vertical state with the incident light, so that the output light energy of the beam splitter 71 returns to the resonant cavity in the original path. The feedback/output is combined with the second plane mirror 4 by structure, so that the laser in the resonant cavity is forced to run anticlockwise and unidirectionally. The four-mirror resonant cavity respectively outputs p-polarized light and s-polarized light with the same frequency through the second plane mirror 4 and the beam splitter 71, wherein the p-polarized light is output by the second plane mirror 4, and the s-polarized light is output by the beam splitter 71.
The invention adopts a feedback/output combined device in the resonant cavity for the first time and combines a ring cavity with a trapezoidal structure to realize unidirectional and single-mode laser output.
Example 2
With reference to fig. 2, a laser for implementing a single longitudinal mode based on intracavity optical feedback in this embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 1, except that: the laser crystal 21 of the present embodiment includes a laser crystal 21, a semiconductor pump array 32, a pump laser beam focusing module 33, a rectangular ring cavity, and a feedback/output combination structure, and the laser crystal 21 of the present embodiment can be any cubic crystal laser crystal or uniaxial crystal laser crystal, such as common Nd: YAG and Nd: YVO 4 And (4) crystals. The semiconductor pump array 32 uses a laser diode coupled out by an optical fiber to emit a laser beam with a center wavelength of 808nm (here, the wavelength of the pump light for exciting Nd: YAG crystal; if Nd: YVO) 4 Crystal, pump light with a center wavelength of 880nm is used), and a pump light source is focused to the laser crystal 21 through the pump laser beam focusing module 33, so that the laser crystal 21 radiates laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm.
The second plane mirror 4 in the rectangular annular cavity is selected according to the selected laser crystal, and if the laser crystal is a cubic crystal laser crystal, a 45-degree polarization beam splitting sheet is required to be used as an output coupling mirror; in the case of a uniaxial crystal laser crystal, a general high-reflection mirror may be used. In the feedback/output combination structure, the high-reflection mirror 72 adopts a plane feedback mirror, and the plane feedback mirror is plated with a high-reflection film surface facing the beam splitter 71; the planar feedback mirror exhibits high reflectivity at an incident angle of 0 °.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 3, the laser for implementing a single longitudinal mode based on intracavity optical feedback of the present embodiment includes a laser crystal 21, a butterfly-shaped ring cavity, and a feedback/output combination structure, where the laser crystal 21 of the present embodiment adopts any cubic crystal system laser crystal or uniaxial crystal system laser crystal. The pumping light source can adopt side pumping and end pumping. The butterfly-shaped annular cavity consists of a first plane mirror 1, a second plane mirror 4, a first plano-concave mirror 81 and a second plano-concave mirror 82. The first plane mirror 1, the first plano-concave mirror 81 and the second plano-concave mirror 82 are all high-reflection mirrors. The second plane mirror 4 adopts a polarization beam splitter with s-polarization high-reflection and p-polarization high-transmission. The laser crystal 21 is arranged between the first and second flat mirrors 1, 4, and the beam splitter 71 is arranged between the laser crystal 21 and the second flat mirror 4, the beam splitter 71 then acting as an output coupling mirror. In the feedback/output combined structure, the high-reflection mirror 72 adopts a plano-convex feedback mirror, the convex surface of the plano-convex feedback mirror faces the beam splitter 71, the plane faces away from the beam splitter 71, and the focal length is 1 meter.
Example 4
With reference to fig. 4, a laser for implementing a single longitudinal mode based on intracavity optical feedback in this embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 3, except that: the present embodiment includes a frequency doubling crystal 9, the frequency doubling crystal 9 is disposed between the first concave mirror 81 and the second concave mirror 82, the frequency doubling crystal 9 of the present embodiment usually adopts LBO (lithium triborate crystal) and KTP (single crystal titanyl potassium phosphate) crystals, and 1064nm infrared light is converted into 532nm green light by the frequency doubling crystal 9, so that the resonant cavity outputs dual-wavelength unidirectional laser.
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, without limitation, and what is shown in the drawings is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if the person skilled in the art receives the teaching, without departing from the spirit of the invention, the person skilled in the art shall not inventively design the similar structural modes and embodiments to the technical solution, but shall fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a laser instrument based on intracavity optical feedback realizes single longitudinal mode, includes laser crystal (21), pump light source (22), its characterized in that: the laser resonator further comprises a circular cavity formed by surrounding a plurality of cavity mirrors and a feedback/output combination structure consisting of a beam splitter (71) and a high-reflection mirror (72), wherein the beam splitter (71) is used as the feedback beam splitter and the output mirror, the high-reflection mirror (72) presents high reflectivity when the incident angle is 0 degree, and the feedback/output combination structure is combined with the circular cavity to force laser in the resonant cavity to run anticlockwise and unidirectionally.
2. The laser according to claim 1, wherein the laser comprises: one surface of the beam splitter (71) facing the laser crystal (21) is coated with a partial reflection film, the reflection film partially reflects s light, partially reflects p light, partially reflects both s light and p light, and the other surface is coated with an antireflection film.
3. The laser according to claim 2, wherein the laser realizes a single longitudinal mode based on intracavity optical feedback, and comprises: the high-reflection mirror (72) is arranged in a vertical state with the incident light, so that the output light energy of the beam splitter (71) returns to the resonant cavity.
4. The laser according to claim 3, wherein the laser realizes a single longitudinal mode based on intracavity optical feedback, and comprises: the high reflection mirror (72) adopts a plane feedback mirror, a plano-concave feedback mirror or a plano-convex feedback mirror.
5. The laser according to claim 3, wherein the laser realizes a single longitudinal mode based on intracavity optical feedback, and comprises: the high reflection mirror (72) adopts a plano-concave feedback mirror, the plane of the plano-concave feedback mirror faces the beam splitter (71), and the concave surface faces back to the beam splitter (71).
6. The laser according to any of claims 1-5, wherein the laser realizes a single longitudinal mode based on intracavity optical feedback, and comprises: the annular cavity includes, but is not limited to, a rectangular annular cavity, a butterfly annular cavity and a trapezoid annular cavity.
7. The laser according to claim 6, wherein the laser comprises: the annular cavity consists of a first plane mirror (1), a second plane mirror (4), a third plane mirror (5) and a fourth plane mirror (6), and the structure is rectangular or trapezoidal.
8. The laser according to claim 7, wherein the laser is configured to implement a single longitudinal mode based on intracavity optical feedback, and further comprising: the laser system is characterized in that the first plane mirror (1), the third plane mirror (5) and the fourth plane mirror (6) adopt high-reflection mirrors, the second plane mirror (4) adopts a polarization beam splitter, the polarization beam splitter is high-reflection for s-polarized light and high-transmission for p-polarized light, the laser crystal (21) is arranged between the first plane mirror (1) and the second plane mirror (4), and the beam splitter (71) is arranged between the laser crystal (21) and the second plane mirror (4).
9. The laser according to claim 7, wherein the laser is configured to implement a single longitudinal mode based on intracavity optical feedback, and further comprising: the ring cavity is composed of a first plane mirror (1), a second plane mirror (4), a first flat concave mirror (81) and a second flat concave mirror (82), the structure is butterfly, the first plane mirror (1) adopts a high-reflection cavity mirror, the second plane mirror (4) adopts a polarization beam splitter, the high reflection is carried out on s-polarized light, the high transmission is carried out on p-polarized light, a laser crystal (21) is arranged between the first plane mirror (1) and the second plane mirror (4), and the beam splitter (71) is arranged between the laser crystal (21) and the second plane mirror (4).
10. The laser according to claim 9, wherein the laser is configured to implement a single longitudinal mode based on intracavity optical feedback, and wherein: and a frequency doubling crystal (9) is arranged between the first plano-concave mirror (81) and the second plano-concave mirror (82).
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