CN115828712A - Method for designing surface flow channel of bipolar plate of iron-chromium flow battery - Google Patents
Method for designing surface flow channel of bipolar plate of iron-chromium flow battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN115828712A CN115828712A CN202310134300.8A CN202310134300A CN115828712A CN 115828712 A CN115828712 A CN 115828712A CN 202310134300 A CN202310134300 A CN 202310134300A CN 115828712 A CN115828712 A CN 115828712A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000270295 Serpentes Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 35
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 63
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for designing a flow channel on the surface of a bipolar plate of an iron-chromium flow battery, wherein the battery is the iron-chromium flow battery, the electrode material of the battery is carbon cloth, the bipolar plate is made of a graphite plate, grooves are formed in two sides of the surface of the bipolar plate through machining, parallel flow channels, snake-shaped flow channels, interdigital flow channels, spiral flow channels, grid flow channels, tree-shaped flow channels and bionic flow channel structures are respectively machined on the bipolar plate, the flow process of electrolyte in a selected flow channel is simulated by using finite element software, and the flow parameters of the electrolyte in a porous electrode corresponding to the flow channel are calculated, so that the optimal flow channel design is obtained. According to the invention, through the design of the surface flow channel of the bipolar plate, the flow distribution of the electrolyte in the porous electrode can be effectively improved, the range of a flow dead zone is reduced, and the generation of side reactions is further reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage, and particularly relates to a structure design method of a redox flow battery and an obtained battery structure.
Background
The flow battery is a large-scale energy storage technology, and has wide application prospects in the fields of renewable energy consumption, peak clipping and valley filling and the like due to good expandability, good safety, long service life and high energy efficiency. In flow batteries, the active material is dissolved in ionic form in a liquid electrolyte and stored in an external reservoir.
When the battery is charged or discharged, electrolyte is pumped through the piping to the electrochemical reactor to store or release electrical energy. In a flow cell stack, the two-stage plates mainly function to transfer electrons and isolate the electrolyte in two adjacent single cells.
Generally, the flow battery adopts a traditional flow-field-free structure (perfusion structure), a flow field structure is not arranged on the double-stage plate, the electrolyte directly flows through the whole porous electrode, and the flowing distance of the electrolyte in the porous electrode is long. In order to realize smaller pressure drop loss, a non-flow field structure usually adopts a thicker electrode, which leads to larger internal resistance of the battery and poorer performance of the battery. In recent research, a fuel cell flow field design is used for reference, and a flow field structure is introduced into two sides of a double-stage plate of a flow cell, so that the flowing distance and the pressure drop loss of electrode liquid in a porous electrode are reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to design and select an optimal flow channel process, reduce the running resistance of the battery and reduce the occurrence frequency of side reactions.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for designing a bipolar plate surface flow channel of a ferrochrome flow battery, which designs a flow channel process optimally conforming to the actual situation by simulating the flow conditions of electrolyte in different flow channels in the running process of the ferrochrome flow battery, provides convenient conditions for the uniform and rapid flow of the electrolyte, reduces the running resistance of the battery and reduces the occurrence frequency of side reactions.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide the flow channel structure designed by the design method.
The technical scheme for realizing the above purpose of the invention is as follows:
a design method for a bipolar plate surface flow channel of a ferrochrome flow battery is characterized in that the battery is the ferrochrome flow battery, the electrode material of the battery is carbon cloth, the bipolar plate is made of a graphite plate, grooves are formed on two sides of the surface of the bipolar plate through machining, a parallel flow channel, a snake-shaped flow channel, an interdigital flow channel, a spiral flow channel, a grid flow channel, a tree-shaped flow channel and a bionic flow channel structure are respectively machined on the bipolar plate,
and simulating the flowing process of the electrolyte in the selected flow channel by using finite element software, and calculating the corresponding electrolyte flowing parameters in the porous electrode, thereby obtaining the optimal flow channel design.
Wherein the electrolyte flow parameters include average velocity, pressure drop.
Wherein, the depth of the groove processed on the bipolar plate is 1mm to 8mm, the cross section area of the runner is 5mm 2 ~60mm 2 。
Further, electrolyte speeds of different flow channel structures at the center position of the porous electrode are taken, a battery model is built according to the different flow channel structures, finite element software is used for dividing grids for the built battery model, flow speed vi at each grid node is obtained, then average speed is obtained according to the electrolyte speed at the center position, and a calculation formula of the average flow speed is
In the formula (1), the reaction mixture is,v i the number of grid nodes is n, which is the electrolyte flow speed of the ith grid node.
Different types of runners are used for constructing different ferrochrome flow battery models, the types of the runners comprise an interdigital runner, a parallel runner and a snake runner, the battery models are divided into grids by using finite element software, the grids are regular hexagonal grids, and the number n of the grids is 50-100 ten thousand.
In order to ensure the accuracy of calculating the flow problem, the grid dividing mode is hexahedron grid, the grid number is 50W to 100W, and the interval is used for ensuring that the sample number is enough, and the calculation is more accurate and more economical in the grid number range. Because the larger the number of grids, the larger the amount of calculation, and the longer the calculation time.
Further, the number of nodes of the grid is derived through grid independence verification.
The larger the n value is, the finer the grid division is, and the higher the precision of the solution result is. However, the rapid increase of the number of grids can cause the time cost of calculation to be greatly increased, and when the number of grids reaches a certain number, the improvement of the calculation precision is not obvious. Through the verification of the grid independence, the value of n in the application is preferably 50W, and the lake precision can be high in a short time.
According to another preferred technical scheme, finite element software is used for calculating the pressure of the positions of the inlet and the outlet of the electrolyte.
And comparing the calculated inlet and outlet pressure with the average flow speed, and taking a structure corresponding to the low inlet and outlet pressure and the high average flow speed so as to determine the optimal battery flow channel structure.
The flow channel structure is designed by the bipolar plate surface flow channel design method of the iron-chromium flow battery.
The invention provides a method for designing a flow channel on the surface of a bipolar plate of an iron-chromium flow battery, which is suitable for various flow channel opening modes, and the optimal structure can be determined by inlet and outlet pressure and average flow rate, because the pressure difference of the inlet and the outlet determines pump consumption, the smaller the pump consumption is, the better the pump consumption is, the average speed determines the update rate of electrolyte, and the higher the speed is, the higher the battery efficiency is.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the bipolar plate of the iron-chromium flow battery is provided with the flow channel, so that the flow of the electrolyte in the battery can be promoted, and compared with the traditional structure without the flow channel, the flow resistance of the electrolyte is effectively reduced, and the overall pump consumption of the battery is reduced. According to the invention, through the design of the surface flow channel of the bipolar plate, the flow distribution of the electrolyte in the porous electrode can be effectively improved, the range of a flow dead zone is reduced, and the generation of side reactions is further reduced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a parallel flow channel structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a serpentine flow channel structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an interdigital flow channel structure;
FIG. 4 is a parallel flow channel velocity profile, (a) a bipolar plate flow channel center position velocity profile; (b) a carbon cloth central position velocity distribution diagram, wherein the unit is m/s;
FIG. 5 is a velocity profile of a serpentine channel, (a) a velocity profile of a center position of a bipolar plate channel; (b) a carbon cloth central position velocity distribution diagram, wherein the unit is m/s;
FIG. 6 is a velocity distribution diagram of an interdigital flow channel, (a) a velocity distribution diagram of a center position of a flow channel of a bipolar plate; (b) a carbon cloth central position velocity distribution diagram, wherein the unit is m/s;
in the figure, 1 is a negative electrode liquid inlet, 2 is a negative electrode liquid inlet distribution flow channel, 200 is a negative electrode liquid inlet diversion flow channel, 3 is a negative electrode liquid inlet branch flow channel, 300 is a negative electrode serpentine flow channel through which an electrolyte passes, 4 is a negative electrode liquid outlet collection flow channel, 400 is a negative electrode liquid outlet diversion flow channel, 5 is a negative electrode liquid outlet 6 which is an active area, and 7 is a negative electrode liquid outlet collection flow channel.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Unless otherwise indicated, all the means used in the specification are technical means existing in the field.
Example 1
Taking the negative electrode side as an example, the parallel flow channel of the ferrochrome flow battery comprises:
the cathode liquid inlet device comprises a cathode liquid inlet 1, a cathode liquid inlet distribution flow channel 2 connected with the cathode liquid inlet 1, and a cathode branch flow channel 3 connected with the cathode liquid inlet distribution flow channel, wherein the cathode liquid inlet distribution flow channel 2 comprises a plurality of cathode branch flow channels 3 (see fig. 1). 5 is a cathode liquid outlet, and 4 is a cathode liquid outlet collecting flow passage.
The cathode branch channels 3 are distributed and communicated in a parallel and alternate arrangement, and the cathode branch channels 3 are positioned in the active area 6 in the middle of the cathode side. Each of the negative-electrode feed liquid distribution flow paths is distributed in a direction perpendicular to the feed liquid branch flow path.
The electrolyte flows into the negative liquid inlet distribution flow passage 2 from the negative liquid inlet 1. The electrolyte enters the electrode through the negative branch flow channel 3 to complete the electrochemical reaction, and the direct current flows into the negative collecting flow channel 4. Each negative branch flow passage 3 is respectively converged into the negative effluent collecting flow passage 4, collected by the negative effluent collecting flow passage 4 and discharged from the negative effluent outlet 5, and the flowing process of the electrolyte in the battery is completed.
The other side of the bipolar plate is consistent with the active area of the negative electrode side, each positive liquid inlet distribution flow passage is respectively consistent with each negative liquid inlet distribution flow passage, and each positive liquid outlet collection flow passage is respectively consistent with each negative liquid outlet collection flow passage.
In this embodiment, the depth of the flow channel is set to be 4mm, and the cross-sectional area of the flow channel at the center of the carbon cloth is set to be 24mm 2 (i.e. each finger has a cross-sectional area of 24mm 2 ）。
The velocity profile of fig. 4 was analyzed using finite element analysis software. The velocity distribution diagram of the parallel flow channels is shown in fig. 4, (a) is the velocity distribution diagram of the central position of the bipolar plate flow channel, the electrolyte flows into the main flow channel from the inlet, enters into each branch flow channel along the inlet distribution flow channel, the electrolyte is contacted with the carbon cloth through each branch pipeline to complete the mass transfer process, and finally flows out from the outlet collection flow channel. Because the difference between the sum of the cross sections of the branch pipelines of the parallel pipelines and the cross section of the main pipeline is not large, the difference between the resistance loss of the branch pipelines and the resistance loss of the main pipeline is not large, and the electrolyte of the main pipeline cannot be uniformly distributed to the branch pipelines. It is apparent from (a) that the greater the velocity in the branch line, the greater the flow rate dispensed with the greater the distance from the inlet end. (b) The distribution of the speed of the central position of the carbon cloth is uneven, and the distribution of the speed of the electrolyte on the carbon cloth is also uneven due to the problem of uneven flow distribution of each branch pipeline of the bipolar plate, namely, the speed of the electrolyte close to an inlet is low, and the speed of the electrolyte far away from an outlet is high.
Example 2
Taking the negative electrode side as an example, the serpentine flow channel of the ferrochrome flow battery comprises:
the cathode liquid inlet is 1, the cathode liquid inlet diversion flow channel 200 is connected with the cathode liquid inlet 1, the cathode serpentine flow channel 300 is connected with the cathode liquid inlet diversion flow channel 200, and the cathode serpentine flow channel 300 comprises a plurality of flowing bends (see fig. 2).
The negative electrode serpentine flow channel 300 is distributed in a serpentine shape and is communicated with the negative electrode serpentine flow channel 300, and the negative electrode serpentine flow channel 300 is located in the active area 6 in the middle of the negative electrode side. The adjacent channels of the negative serpentine channel 300 are perpendicular to each other.
The electrolyte flows into the negative liquid inlet diversion flow channel 200 from the negative liquid inlet 1. The electrolyte enters the electrode through the negative electrode serpentine flow channel 300 to complete the electrochemical reaction, and then flows into the negative electrode serpentine flow channel 300. The electrolyte in the negative electrode serpentine flow channel 300 flows into the negative electrode effluent diversion flow channel 400, passes through the negative electrode effluent diversion flow channel 400 and is discharged from the negative electrode effluent outlet 5, and the flowing process of the electrolyte in the battery is completed.
The other side of the bipolar plate is consistent with the active area of the negative electrode side, each positive liquid inlet distribution flow passage is respectively consistent with each negative liquid inlet distribution flow passage, and each positive liquid outlet collection flow passage is respectively consistent with each negative liquid outlet collection flow passage.
The velocity distribution of the serpentine channels is shown in fig. 5, where (a) is a velocity distribution diagram at the center of the bipolar plate, the serpentine channels are single-channel channels, and the electrolyte flows in from the inlet and flows out from the channels along the serpentine channels. The electrolyte is subjected to a mass transfer process at the contact position of the carbon cloth and the flow channel, and when the electrolyte passes through the elbow, the flow velocity is increased and the flow velocity direction is changed. (b) The speed distribution diagram of the center position of the carbon cloth is shown, the snakelike flow channel is longer, the flow of electrolyte in the flow channel is more uniform, and therefore the speed distribution of the electrolyte on the carbon cloth is also more uniform. Because the flow state of the electrolyte at the elbow position is changed, and the flow channel elbow position is larger than other flow channel positions compared with the contact surface of the carbon cloth, the flow speed at the carbon cloth elbow position is also higher.
Example 3
Taking the negative electrode side as an example, the interdigital flow channel of the ferrochrome flow battery comprises:
the negative electrode liquid inlet device comprises a negative electrode liquid inlet 1, a negative electrode liquid inlet distribution flow passage 2 connected with the negative electrode liquid inlet 1, and a negative electrode liquid inlet branch flow passage 3 connected with the negative electrode liquid inlet distribution flow passage, wherein the negative electrode liquid inlet distribution flow passage 2 is connected with a plurality of negative electrode liquid inlet branch flow passages 3 (see figure 3).
The negative liquid inlet branch flow channel 3 and the negative liquid outlet branch flow channel 4 are alternately arranged and distributed in an interdigital shape and are not communicated with each other, and the negative liquid inlet branch flow channel 3 and the negative liquid outlet branch flow channel 4 are positioned in an active area 6 in the middle of the negative side. Each of the negative-electrode feed liquid distribution flow paths is distributed in a direction perpendicular to the feed liquid branch flow path.
The electrolyte flows into the negative liquid inlet distribution flow passage 2 from the negative liquid inlet 1. Electrolyte enters the electrodes through the negative liquid inlet branch flow channel 3 to complete electrochemical reaction, and then is convected to the adjacent negative liquid outlet branch flow channel 4. Each negative liquid outlet branch flow passage is respectively converged into the negative liquid outlet collecting flow passage 7, and is collected by the negative liquid outlet collecting flow passage 7 and discharged from the negative liquid outlet 5, so that the flowing process of the electrolyte in the battery is completed.
The other side of the bipolar plate is consistent with the active area of the negative electrode side, each positive liquid inlet distribution flow passage is respectively consistent with each negative liquid inlet distribution flow passage, and each positive liquid outlet collection flow passage is respectively consistent with each negative liquid outlet collection flow passage.
The velocity profile of the interdigitated flow channels is shown in fig. 6, where (a) is the velocity profile of the center of the bipolar plate, and it can be seen that the flow rates of the branch lines are substantially uniform. The fluidity of the electrolyte during the operation of the flow battery with the interdigital flow channel is changed into forced flow, namely the liquid enters the carbon cloth after the flow on the bipolar plate is evenly distributed, and returns to the nearby flow channel groove after the reaction is finished, so that the inlet and outlet orderliness of the liquid is enhanced, the resistance drop of the branch pipelines is indirectly increased, the resistance of the branch pipelines is far greater than that of the main pipeline, the distributed flow of the electrolyte in each branch pipeline tends to be consistent, and the flow speed is basically consistent. (b) The flow velocity distribution is shown at the center of the carbon cloth, and it can be seen that the electrolyte is substantially uniformly distributed in the intersection part of the fingers of the carbon cloth, except for the part at the end of the fingers having a region with a lower velocity.
Calculating the electrolyte speeds of the porous electrode center positions corresponding to the parallel flow channels, the snake-shaped flow channels and the interdigital flow channels by using finite element software, wherein the data used for calculating the average speed is from the carbon cloth center position, the finite element calculation mode needs to be calculated by grids, each grid node can calculate one flow speed, and the calculation formula of the average flow speed is as follows
. In this example, the fork index =9. And n is 50 ten thousand, is the number of nodes of the grid, and is verified by the independence of the grid, so that the calculation accuracy is high and the calculation amount is small.
The average flow velocity of the electrolyte in the parallel flow channels, the snake-shaped flow channels and the interdigital flow channels is 0.0000127 m/s, 0.000435m/s and 0.00137 m/s respectively. The pressure drop of the inlet and the outlet of the parallel flow passage is 1100.82 Pa, the pressure drop of the inlet and the outlet of the snake-shaped flow passage is 106192 Pa, and the pressure drop of the inlet and the outlet of the interdigital flow passage is 49713.3 Pa. Of these three flow channels, the interdigitated flow channels are the most preferred.
In conclusion, the bipolar plate surface flow channel design for the ferrochrome flow battery, disclosed by the invention, creates a bipolar plate flow channel process, simulates the flowing condition of electrolyte in a flow channel in the running process of the ferrochrome flow battery, designs an optimal flow channel process, effectively reduces the running resistance of the battery, reduces the occurrence frequency of side reactions, reduces the manufacturing cost, and provides convenient conditions for uniform and rapid flowing of the electrolyte and improvement of the overall performance of the battery.
Although the present invention has been described in the foregoing by way of examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A design method for a bipolar plate surface flow channel of an iron-chromium flow battery is characterized in that the battery is the iron-chromium flow battery, the electrode material of the battery is carbon cloth, the bipolar plate is made of a graphite plate, grooves are formed in two sides of the surface of the bipolar plate through machining, parallel flow channels, snake-shaped flow channels, interdigital flow channels, spiral flow channels, grid flow channels, tree-shaped flow channels and bionic flow channel structures are respectively machined on the bipolar plate,
and simulating the flowing process of the electrolyte in the selected flow channel by using finite element software, and calculating the corresponding electrolyte flowing parameters in the porous electrode, thereby obtaining the optimal flow channel design.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte flow parameters include average velocity, pressure drop.
3. The method for designing the surface flow channel of the bipolar plate of the iron-chromium flow battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the depth of the grooves machined in the bipolar plate is between 1mm and 8mm, and the cross-sectional area of the flow channel is 5mm 2 ~60mm 2 。
4. The method for designing the surface flow channels of the bipolar plate of the ferrochrome flow battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the battery model is constructed according to different flow channel structures, the constructed battery model is gridded by using finite element software, and the flow velocity at each grid node is obtainedv i Then, the average speed is obtained from the electrolyte speed at the central position, and the calculation formula of the average flow speed is
5. The method for designing the surface flow channels of the ferrochrome flow battery bipolar plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein different types of flow channels are used for constructing different ferrochrome flow battery models, the types of the flow channels comprise an interdigital type, a parallel flow channel and a snake type flow channel, the battery models are divided into grids by using finite element software, the grids are regular hexagonal grids, and the number n of the grids is 50-100 ten thousand.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the number of nodes of the grid is determined by grid independence verification.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein finite element software is used to calculate the pressure at the inlet and outlet locations of the electrolyte.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the calculated inlet and outlet pressures are compared with the average flow velocity, and the structure corresponding to the low inlet and outlet pressures and the high average flow velocity is selected to determine the optimal cell flow channel structure.
9. The flow channel structure designed by the method for designing the bipolar plate surface flow channel of a ferrochrome flow battery of any one of claims 1~8.
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Application publication date: 20230321 |