CN115821143A - AlCoCrFeNiNbx high-entropy alloy resistant to high-temperature abrasion - Google Patents
AlCoCrFeNiNbx high-entropy alloy resistant to high-temperature abrasion Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-temperature wear-resistant AlCoCrFeNiNbx high-entropy alloy, which takes high-purity (99.99%) Al, co, fe, cr, ni and Nb metal blocks as initial raw materials, cleans, dries and weighs the initial raw materials according to designed atomic proportion after oxide skin is removed, then sequentially puts the processed raw materials into a copper mold crucible of a high-vacuum arc melting furnace from low melting point to high melting point, and repeatedly melts the raw materials to obtain the high-temperature wear-resistant high-entropy alloy. According to the invention, the Nb element with high melting point, high strength and low density is added into AlCoCrFeNi, and the combination of Nb and other elements improves the hardness of the high-entropy alloy, promotes the generation of an oxide film mainly comprising Al, cr and Nb elements, and plays a role in lubrication and barrier, so that the prepared high-entropy alloy has good wear resistance at high temperature, and is expected to become a new wear-resistant material required by parts such as aviation and aerospace sheet bearings at high temperature.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of high-entropy alloy design and performance test, in particular to the field of design of aerospace high-temperature wear devices, and specifically relates to a high-entropy alloy of AlCoCrFeNiNbx with high-temperature wear resistance.
Background
The high-entropy alloy is a multi-component alloy consisting of five or more elements according to equal atomic ratio or nearly equal atomic ratio; compared with the traditional alloy consisting of one to two main elements, the high-entropy alloy is widely concerned due to four unique effects (high-entropy effect, delayed diffusion, lattice distortion and cocktail effect) and excellent mechanical and physical and chemical properties.
At present, the problem of failure of mechanical equipment and parts in a high-temperature environment is more and more prominent in high-technology industries such as aerospace and the like or traditional industrial fields such as automobile and material processing and the like. For example, gas foil bearings for aircraft engines, exhaust valves for automotive engines, piston rings, cylinder liners, and the like, are subject to wear failure in high temperature corrosive environments. Along with the rapid development of high and new technology industries, people have higher and higher requirements on the comprehensive performance of materials, and part of high-entropy alloys replace the traditional wear-resistant materials to a certain extent due to high hardness, strength, certain cost advantage and the like. However, the conventional high-entropy alloy still has some defects such as brittleness at room temperature, difficult regulation of the structure and possible oxidation and abrasion failure at high temperature, so the invention provides the AlCoCrFeNiNbx high-entropy alloy with high temperature abrasion resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the AlCoCrFeNiNbx high-entropy alloy with high temperature wear resistance. The invention takes a proper amount of high-purity (99.99%) Al, co, fe, cr, ni and Nb metal blocks as initial raw materials, adopts a vacuum arc melting technology to prepare AlCoCrFeNiNbx alloy, and inspects the wear behavior of the alloy under simulated high-temperature service, aiming at obtaining a high-entropy alloy material with high temperature and wear resistance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a high-entropy alloy resistant to high-temperature abrasion, which comprises the following components: al, co, cr, fe, ni and Nb, wherein the atomic ratio of the six elements is 1.
Preferably, al blocks, co blocks, cr blocks, fe blocks, ni blocks and Nb blocks with the purity of more than 99.99 percent are respectively selected as raw materials for the high-entropy alloy composition elements.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the high-temperature wear-resistant high-entropy alloy by adopting vacuum arc melting.
Preferably, the vacuum arc melting comprises the following steps:
1) Surface treatment of raw materials: taking high-purity Al, co, cr, fe, ni and Nb metal blocks, polishing and grinding to remove surface oxide skin, cleaning with alcohol, drying, weighing according to a designed atomic ratio, and mixing;
2) Preparing the high-entropy alloy: putting a high-purity titanium ingot into a crucible, then putting the raw materials treated in the step 1) into the crucible in the order from low melting point to high melting point, and carrying out vacuum arc melting to obtain the high-entropy alloy button ingot.
Preferably, before the step 2) of vacuum arc melting, the melting furnace needs to be vacuumized to 1.0 x 10 -3 Pa, then filling argon to 0.5kPa; before smelting raw materials, the titanium ingot is smelted for 3-4 times.
Preferably, in the step 2), after the alloy is completely melted and completely solidified, the alloy is turned over and repeatedly melted for 4 to 5 times; the smelting time is 2-3min each time, and the smelting current is 180A.
The invention also provides application of the high-temperature wear resistant high-entropy alloy prepared by vacuum arc melting in aerospace high-temperature wear resistant device materials.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the Nb element with high melting point, high strength and low density is added into AlCoCrFeNi, and precipitation strengthening is realized through the combination of Nb and other elements, so that the hardness of the high-entropy alloy is improved, and the generation of a compact oxide film mainly containing Al, cr and Nb elements and the recrystallization of crystal grains are promoted, so that the prepared high-entropy alloy has a high-temperature wear rate lower than room temperature and has good wear resistance at high temperature, and is expected to become a new material for wear resistance at high temperature required by parts such as aviation and aerospace flake bearings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a route diagram of the preparation technology of the high-entropy alloy.
FIG. 2 is an x-ray diffraction pattern of samples prepared in examples 1 and 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an SEM photograph of samples obtained in examples 1 and 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the friction coefficient curves of the samples prepared in example 1 and example 2 of the present invention worn at different temperatures.
FIG. 5 is a bar graph comparing the wear rates of samples made in examples 1 and 2 of the present invention at different temperatures.
FIG. 6 is an SEM image of samples prepared in examples 1 and 2 of the present invention after a rubbing reciprocating test at 600 ℃.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the compressive stress strain curves of the samples obtained in examples 1 and 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Example 1: preparation of high-entropy alloy AlCoCrFeNiNb0.2
Firstly, taking high-purity Al, fe, cr, ni, co and Nb metal blocks, polishing and removing oxide skin on the surface, cleaning the metal blocks by using alcohol, drying the metal blocks, and weighing and mixing the metal blocks after converting the atomic ratio of Al to Co to Cr to Fe to Ni to Nb = 1.
Secondly, the mixed raw materials and titanium ingots are put into a copper mold crucible in a high vacuum arc melting furnace, a furnace door is closed, and then the furnace is vacuumized until the vacuum degree of the air pressure in the furnace reaches 1.0 multiplied by 10 -3 And introducing high-purity argon to 0.5kPa after Pa. Before the main smelting, 3 times of titanium ingot smelting is carried out for absorbing oxygen possibly remained in the smelting furnace. Then 4 times of smelting is carried out on the raw materials in the furnace by 180A current to obtain AlCoCrFeNiNb0.2 alloy button ingots.
And then, performing wire cutting and polishing treatment on the alloy, and detecting the alloy in a metallographic phase, XRD, SEM/EDS and the like to determine the characteristics of the alloy such as structure, composition, morphology and the like.
Example 2: preparation of high-entropy alloy AlCoCrFeNiNb0.3
Firstly, taking high-purity Al, fe, cr, ni, co and Nb metal blocks, polishing and removing oxide skins on the surfaces, cleaning the high-purity Al, fe, ni and Nb metal blocks by using alcohol, drying the high-purity Al, fe, ni and Nb metal blocks, and weighing and mixing the high-purity Al, fe, ni and Nb metal blocks in a weight ratio of (Al: co: cr: fe: ni: nb = 1).
Secondly, the mixed raw materials and titanium ingots are put into a copper mold crucible in a high vacuum arc melting furnace, a furnace door is closed, and then the furnace is vacuumized until the vacuum degree of the air pressure in the furnace reaches 1.0 multiplied by 10 -3 And introducing high-purity argon to 0.5kPa after Pa. Before the main smelting, 4 times of titanium ingot smelting is carried out for absorbing oxygen possibly remained in the smelting furnace. Then 4 times of smelting is carried out on the raw materials in the furnace by 180A current to obtain AlCoCrFeNiNb0.3 alloy button ingots.
And then, performing wire cutting and polishing treatment on the alloy, and detecting the alloy in a metallographic phase, XRD, SEM/EDS and the like to determine the characteristics of the alloy such as structure, composition, morphology and the like.
Abrasion test:
firstly, weighing and measuring the size of an as-cast sample subjected to linear cutting and grinding and polishing treatment. GCr15 is used as a counter-grinding material, and reciprocating friction is carried out at the frequency of 40Hz and the pressure of 10N for 20min at normal temperature, 300 ℃ and 600 ℃ respectively to obtain a friction coefficient curve graph. And after the experiment is finished, cleaning and drying the worn sample, weighing, and processing data to obtain a wear rate comparison graph.
FIG. 1 is a route diagram of the preparation technology of the high-entropy alloy.
FIG. 2 shows the x-ray diffraction patterns of samples obtained in examples 1 and 2, wherein the high-entropy alloy in example 1AlCoCrFeNiNb0.2 is abbreviated as Nb0.2, and the high-entropy alloy in example 2AlCoCrFeNiNb0.3 is abbreviated as Nb0.3. As can be seen from the figure, both example 1 and example 2 show laves phases on the basis of BCC as the main phase.
Fig. 3 is SEM images of samples obtained in examples 1 and 2, and it can be seen that both have similar structures and show a eutectic-like structure, the primary phase being a BCC phase, and the eutectic structure being a mixture of BCC and Laves phases, which alternately nucleate and grow in the interdendritic regions to form a continuous network structure. The addition of Nb element promotes the generation of Laves phase and BCC phase and Laves phase eutectic phase of hard phase, the alloy is converted from single BCC phase to Laves phase and BCC phase eutectic phase by controlling the addition amount of Nb element, during the abrasion process, the hard Laves phase can play a role in resisting adhesive abrasion due to the coupling interaction of the two phases, and the soft BCC phase can support the hard brittle Laves phase to prevent the expansion of brittle cracks, thereby effectively improving the high-temperature abrasion resistance of the alloy.
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the friction coefficient curves of the samples of examples 1 and 2, which were worn at different temperatures, and it can be seen that examples 1 and 2 have similar friction coefficients, both of which are 0.4 to 0.5 at normal temperature and are reduced by 0.3 to 0.4 at high temperature.
Fig. 5 is a histogram comparing the wear rates of the samples prepared in example 1 and example 2 at different temperatures, and it can be seen that the wear rate of the alloy is reduced by adding Nb, because the hardness, strength and antioxidant property of the alloy are improved by adding Nb, and the wear rate of the alloy at high temperature is lower than that at normal temperature, which shows that the alloy has a wide application prospect in the field of high-temperature wear.
Fig. 6 is an SEM image of the samples from examples 1 and 2 after the rubbing and reciprocating test at 600 c, and it can be seen that both have a small amount of wear debris and a small amount of shallow scratches, indicating that the alloy has good high temperature wear resistance.
FIG. 7 is a graph of the compressive stress strain curves of the samples obtained in examples 1 and 2, and the calculated yield strength of the sample obtained in example 1 is 2000.3MPa, the maximum compressive strength is 2618.1MPa, and the plastic strain is 20.663%; the sample produced in example 2 had a yield strength of 2077.32MPa, a maximum compressive strength of 2481.1MPa and a plastic strain of 17.59%.
The embodiments described above merely represent some preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are described in more detail and detail, but are not intended to limit the present invention. It should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A high-entropy alloy resistant to high-temperature wear, characterized in that the high-entropy alloy constituent elements comprise: al, co, cr, fe, ni and Nb, wherein the atomic ratio of the six elements is 1.
2. The high-temperature-wear-resistant high-entropy alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein Al blocks, co blocks, cr blocks, fe blocks, ni blocks and Nb blocks with the purity of more than 99.99% are respectively selected as raw materials for the high-entropy alloy components.
3. High-entropy alloy resistant to high-temperature wear according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the preparation method employs vacuum arc melting.
4. The vacuum arc melting method for preparing the high-entropy alloy resistant to high-temperature abrasion according to claim 3 is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Surface treatment of raw materials: taking high-purity Al, co, cr, fe, ni and Nb metal blocks, polishing and grinding to remove surface oxide skin, cleaning with alcohol, drying, weighing according to a designed atomic ratio, and mixing;
2) Preparing the high-entropy alloy: putting a high-purity titanium ingot into a crucible, then putting the raw materials treated in the step 1) into the crucible in the order from low melting point to high melting point, and carrying out vacuum arc melting to obtain the high-entropy alloy button ingot.
5. The vacuum arc melting method for preparing high-temperature wear resistant high-entropy alloy according to claim 4, wherein before the vacuum arc melting in step 2), the melting furnace is required to be vacuumized to 1.0 x 10 -3 Pa, then filling argon to 0.5kPa; before smelting raw materials, the titanium ingot is smelted for 3-4 times.
6. The vacuum arc melting method for preparing the high-temperature wear-resistant high-entropy alloy according to claim 4, wherein in the step 2), after the alloy is completely solidified after being melted, the alloy is turned over and melted repeatedly for 4-5 times; the smelting time is 2-3min each time, and the smelting current is 180A.
7. The application of the high-entropy alloy with high-temperature wear resistance prepared by vacuum arc melting according to claim 4 in aerospace high-temperature wear-resistant device materials.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116288032A (en) * | 2023-03-29 | 2023-06-23 | 武汉科技大学 | Nb microalloying high-temperature-resistant and abrasion-resistant block multicomponent alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN107739956A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2018-02-27 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of Nb microalloyings Ni Co Fe Cr Al high-entropy alloys |
| CN114540808A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-05-27 | 兰州荣博特数字智造科技有限公司 | Plasma cladding method for TiC-enhanced Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Ni-Nb high-entropy alloy curved surface coating |
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| CN107739956A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2018-02-27 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of Nb microalloyings Ni Co Fe Cr Al high-entropy alloys |
| CN114540808A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-05-27 | 兰州荣博特数字智造科技有限公司 | Plasma cladding method for TiC-enhanced Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Ni-Nb high-entropy alloy curved surface coating |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116288032A (en) * | 2023-03-29 | 2023-06-23 | 武汉科技大学 | Nb microalloying high-temperature-resistant and abrasion-resistant block multicomponent alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN116288032B (en) * | 2023-03-29 | 2024-04-02 | 武汉科技大学 | Nb microalloying high-temperature-resistant and abrasion-resistant block multicomponent alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
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