CN115815570A - Vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure mold filling device and process for preparing heterogeneous composite structure by adopting same - Google Patents
Vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure mold filling device and process for preparing heterogeneous composite structure by adopting same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of manufacturing of heterogeneous composite structures, and relates to a vacuum electromagnetic preheating low-pressure mold filling device and a process for preparing a heterogeneous composite structure by using the same. The invention pressurizes through the electromagnetic force, further reduce the impurity because of introducing of the outer breather in the alloy; the vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure mold filling device is suitable for castings with complex appearance and internal structure, higher fineness, high integral size precision and finish degree of thin walls, and high mechanical property and air tightness, and is also suitable for preparing ceramic-based composite materials, solid-liquid forming dual-phase interpenetrating composite materials and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of manufacturing of heterogeneous composite structures, in particular to a vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure mold filling device and a process for preparing a heterogeneous composite structure by adopting the same.
Background
Against the background of the demands for weight reduction, integration, and functionalization, it has been difficult to satisfy the demands for weight reduction and structural and functional integration with conventional components made of a single material. At present, heterogeneous composite structures such as heat-resistant steel/aluminum, wear-resistant copper/steel, porous lightweight titanium/aluminum and the like have the characteristics of light weight and functionalization, and a composite interface of the heterogeneous composite structure is a typical dual-phase interpenetrating structure obtained by filling and solidifying a liquid phase in a solid-phase porous structure. The traditional casting process has not been able to meet the requirement of the preparation of the dual-phase interpenetrating structure.
Additive Manufacturing (AM) provides a feasible way to fabricate lattice structures in a layer-by-layer additive manufacturing process. The Selective Laser Melting (SLM) shows strong manufacturing capability on a metal structure, can efficiently and accurately reduce the geometric characteristics of a design model, and keeps excellent mechanical properties of the design model. The AM technology greatly promotes the development of lattice structures, and many researches improve the mechanical properties of the structures by searching for appropriate basic units or adopting structural topology optimization. The three-period extremely-small curved surface (TPMS) lattice structure is characterized by a continuous topological configuration and a smooth curved surface with zero average curvature, can effectively reduce stress concentration during bearing, improve the mechanical property of the structure and prolong the fatigue life, and is widely applied to the optimization design of the structure. Wherein the TPMS-Diamond structure shows excellent comprehensive performance and can effectively solve the contradiction between the mechanical property and high permeability of the traditional porous structure.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention mainly aims to provide a vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure mold filling device and a process for preparing a heterogeneous composite structure by adopting the vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure mold filling device, so that the casting quality can be improved, the casting cost can be reduced, and the working efficiency can be improved.
In order to solve the above technical problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a vacuum electromagnetic low pressure mold filling apparatus comprising:
the device comprises a frame provided with a lifting device, wherein a smelting furnace and an upper cavity are arranged on the frame, the smelting furnace and the upper cavity are connected with a vacuum system, the smelting furnace and the upper cavity are kept in a vacuum closed state, a crucible is arranged in the smelting furnace, a liquid lifting pipe is arranged at the top of the smelting furnace, the liquid lifting pipe is inserted into the crucible through the movement of the lifting device, an electromagnetic heating device is arranged in the upper cavity corresponding to the upper end opening of the liquid lifting pipe, and a casting pattern die is placed in the electromagnetic heating device corresponding to the upper end opening of the liquid lifting pipe.
The invention relates to a preferable scheme of a vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure mold filling device, wherein: an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve are arranged on the smelting furnace, and a heat-insulating layer is arranged outside the smelting furnace.
The invention relates to a preferable scheme of a vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure mold filling device, wherein: the electromagnetic heating device is provided with a contact meter for detecting the vacuum degree, pressure and temperature of the inner space of the electromagnetic heating device, the electromagnetic heating device is provided with a thermocouple heating device, preheating can be carried out, and the electromagnetic heating device is provided with a positive electrode and a negative electrode.
The invention relates to a preferable scheme of a vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure mold filling device, wherein: the device is also provided with an electric control system, and a positive electrode and a negative electrode arranged on the electromagnetic heating device are connected with the electric control system.
The invention relates to a preferable scheme of a vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure mold filling device, wherein: a casting opening is arranged below the casting section mould, a casting cavity of the casting section mould is communicated with the casting opening and a vacuum space in the electromagnetic heating device, and an opening at the upper end of the lift pipe is connected with the casting opening of the casting section mould.
The invention relates to a preferable scheme of a vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure mold filling device, wherein: a mold pressing frame is arranged right above the casting section mold, a ventilating plate is arranged on the mold pressing frame, a downward pushing oil cylinder is arranged on the mold pressing frame, a limiting plate is arranged at the end part of a piston rod of the pushing oil cylinder, and the limiting plate is arranged right above the section mold.
The invention relates to a preferable scheme of a vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure mold filling device, wherein: the smelting furnace top is equipped with the thermometer, and the thermometer inserts inside the crucible.
In order to solve the above technical problem, according to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the preparation process of the biphase interpenetrating heterogeneous composite structure adopts the vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure mold filling device and comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a porous prefabricated part;
s2, placing the porous prefabricated member into an upper cavity, placing another metal to be compounded with the prefabricated member into a crucible, smelting the metal into molten metal with uniform components, and then performing vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure mold filling to obtain the two-phase interpenetrating heterogeneous composite structure.
As a preferred embodiment of the preparation process of the hetero-composite structure according to the present invention, wherein: in the step S1, a lattice structure unit meeting the functional requirements is designed by using an ANSYS software topology optimization module, the lattice structure unit obtained by topology optimization is regularized, modeling, thickening and Boolean operation are carried out through MATERIALSE MAGICS to obtain an STL file for printing, and an EP-M150 is adopted to prepare a porous prefabricated member.
As a preferred embodiment of the preparation process of the hetero-composite structure according to the present invention, wherein: in step S2, before placing the porous preform into the upper cavity, further comprising,
and carrying out surface treatment on the porous prefabricated member, wherein the surface treatment comprises surface cleaning and plating assisting treatment.
As a preferred embodiment of the preparation process of the hetero-composite structure according to the present invention, wherein: in the step S2, the porous prefabricated member after surface treatment is placed in an upper cavity, the prefabricated member is preheated to 280-350 ℃, the temperature of an electromagnet of an electromagnetic heating device is 450-550 ℃, the magnetic excitation current is 100-200A, the electrode current is 800-1000A, and the vacuum degree of the upper cavity is 1 multiplied by 10 3 ~3×10 3 Pa, and the pressure maintaining time is 40 to 80s, and finally obtaining the dual-phase interpenetrating heterogeneous composite structure.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure mold filling device and a process for preparing a heterogeneous composite structure by adopting the same. In addition, different from the traditional vacuum pressure suction casting device, the invention pressurizes through electromagnetic force, further reduces impurities introduced by an external vent body in the alloy; the casting prepared by the invention has no slag inclusion, no looseness, very thin casting, large area, complex shape and structure, few pores in the alloy, good casting filling, clear edges and corners, smooth surface, no defects of 'under-casting' and 'meat deficiency' and the like, high utilization rate of the alloy in the casting process and cost saving; the vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure mold filling device is suitable for castings with complex appearance and internal structure, higher fineness, high integral size precision and finish degree of thin walls, and high mechanical property and air tightness, and is also suitable for preparing ceramic-based composite materials, solid-liquid forming dual-phase interpenetrating composite materials and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure molding apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an electromagnetic heating apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a microstructure of a material prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a microstructure of a material prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a microstructure of a material prepared in comparative example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a microstructure diagram of a material prepared in comparative example 2 of the present invention.
The reference numbers illustrate:
1-crucible, 2-smelting furnace, 3-insulating layer, 4-lifting device, 5-riser tube, 6-upper cavity, 7-electromagnetic heating device, 8-vacuum system, 9-limiting plate, 10-contact meter, 11-film pressing frame, 12-positive electrode, 13-pushing oil cylinder, 14-thermocouple heating device, 15-electric control system and 16-negative electrode.
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention mainly aims to provide a vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure mold filling device and a process for preparing a heterogeneous composite structure by adopting the vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure mold filling device, which can improve the quality of castings, reduce the casting cost and improve the working efficiency.
According to one aspect of the invention, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
as shown in fig. 1-2, a vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure filling apparatus comprises:
the casting mould is characterized by comprising a frame provided with a lifting device 4, wherein a smelting furnace 2 and an upper cavity 6 are arranged on the frame, the smelting furnace 2 and the upper cavity 6 are connected with a vacuum system 8, the smelting furnace 2 and the upper cavity 6 are kept in a vacuum closed state, a crucible 1 is arranged in the smelting furnace 2, a liquid lifting pipe 5 is arranged at the top of the smelting furnace 2, the liquid lifting pipe 5 is inserted into the crucible 1 through the movement of the lifting device 4, an electromagnetic heating device 7 is arranged at a position, corresponding to the upper end opening of the liquid lifting pipe 5, in the upper cavity 6, and a casting mould is placed at a position, corresponding to the upper end opening of the liquid lifting pipe 5, in the electromagnetic heating device 7.
Preferably, the smelting furnace 2 is provided with an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve, and the outside is provided with a heat preservation layer 3. The electromagnetic heating device 7 is provided with a contact meter 10 for detecting the vacuum degree, pressure and temperature of the inner space thereof, the electromagnetic heating device 7 is provided with a thermocouple heating device 14 for preheating, and the electromagnetic heating device 7 is provided with a positive electrode 12 and a negative electrode 16. The device is also provided with an electric control system 15, and a positive electrode 12 and a negative electrode 16 arranged on the electromagnetic heating device 7 are connected with the electric control system 15.
Preferably, a casting opening is arranged below the casting section mould, a casting cavity of the casting section mould is communicated with the casting opening and a vacuum space in the electromagnetic heating device 7, and an opening at the upper end of the riser tube 5 is connected with the casting opening of the casting section mould. A mold pressing frame 11 is arranged right above the casting mold, a ventilating plate is arranged on the mold pressing frame 11, a downward pushing oil cylinder 13 is arranged on the mold pressing frame 11, a limiting plate 9 is arranged at the end part of a piston rod of the pushing oil cylinder, and the limiting plate 9 is arranged right above the casting mold. The top of the smelting furnace 2 is provided with a temperature detector which is inserted into the crucible 1.
According to another aspect of the invention, the invention provides the following technical solutions:
the preparation process of the biphase interpenetrating heterogeneous composite structure adopts the vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure mold filling device and comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a porous prefabricated part;
s2, placing the porous prefabricated member into an upper cavity, placing another metal to be compounded with the prefabricated member into a crucible, smelting the metal into molten metal with uniform components, and then performing vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure mold filling to obtain the two-phase interpenetrating heterogeneous composite structure.
Preferably, in the step S2, the other metal compounded with the preform is an Al-Si alloy, and the melting temperature thereof is 720 to 770 ℃.
Preferably, in the step S1, a lattice structure unit meeting the functional requirements is designed by using an ANSYS software topology optimization module, the lattice structure unit obtained by topology optimization is regularized, modeling, thickening and boolean operation are performed through MATERIALSE MAGICS to obtain an STL file for printing, and an EP-M150 is used to prepare the porous prefabricated member. Preferably, the ANSYS software topology optimization module is used for optimizing under the constraint conditions of stress and porosity, a physical model is established by taking a cube as a unit, pressure is respectively applied to the upper half part and the lower half part of the left side surface of the cube, 8 vertexes of the cube model are fixed, the shear load of the cube is simulated, and the porosity of the cube is set to obtain a simulation result. Lattice units directly obtained by topology optimization have irregular shapes, the lattice structure units obtained by topology optimization need to be regularized according to common three-dimensional lattice structures (face-centered cubic, body-centered cubic, octahedral structures and diamond structures), and finally, cubic units are selected. The STL file for printing was obtained by modeling, thickening, boolean operations, etc. through MATERIALSE MAGICS, and the sample was prepared using EP-M150. Setting technological parameters of selective laser melting molding: the preheating temperature of the substrate is 70 to 100 ℃, the laser power is 180 to 250W, the scanning speed is 500 to 800mm/s, and the layer thickness is 26 to 33 mu m; specifically, the pre-heating temperature of the substrate may be, for example, but not limited to, any one of 70 ℃, 75 ℃, 80 ℃, 85 ℃, 90 ℃, 95 ℃, 100 ℃ or a range between any two thereof, the laser power may be, for example, but not limited to, any one of 180W, 190W, 200W, 210W, 220W, 230W, 240W, 250W or a range between any two thereof, the scanning rate may be, for example, but not limited to, any one of 500mm/s, 600mm/s, 700mm/s, 800mm/s or a range between any two thereof, and the layer thickness may be, for example, but not limited to, any one of 26 μm, 27 μm, 28 μm, 29 μm, 30 μm, 31 μm, 32 μm, 33 μm or a range between any two thereof;
preferably, before the step S2 of placing the porous preform into the upper cavity, the step further includes performing surface treatment on the porous preform, where the surface treatment includes surface cleaning and transition-assisting treatment. Further preferably, the surface treatment can remove grease and rust on the surface and improve the wettability, and the process comprises the following steps: mechanical grinding, alkaline washing to remove organic impurities (NaOH solution with the concentration of 10-12wt%), hot water washing (the temperature is 80-100 ℃), acid washing and rust removing (HCl solution with the concentration of 9-12wt%), hot water washing (the temperature is 80-100 ℃), and drying. The clean surface of the base body of the prefabricated member is exposed after surface treatment, and a salt film can be formed on the surface by plating-assisting treatment in order to prevent secondary oxidation of the base body of the prefabricated member and keep surface activity. The process steps of the plating assisting treatment are as follows: firstly, soaking a prefabricated member matrix with a clean surface in a plating aid (aqueous solution containing 5 to 8wt% of KF and 3 to 5wt% of KCl) at 75 to 85 ℃ for 8 to 15min, and then quickly taking out and drying in an oven.
Preferably, in the step S2, the porous preform subjected to the surface treatment is placed in an upper cavity, the preform is preheated to 280 to 350 ℃, the temperature of an electromagnet of an electromagnetic heating device is 450 to 550 ℃, the magnetic excitation current is 100 to 200a, the electrode current is 800 to 1000a, and the vacuum degree of the upper cavity is 1 × 10 3 ~3×10 3 Pa, and the pressure maintaining time is 40 to 80s, and finally obtaining the biphase interpenetrating heterogeneous composite structure. Specifically, the preform preheating temperature may be, for example, but not limited to, any one of 280 ℃, 290 ℃, 300 ℃, 310 ℃, 320 ℃, 330 ℃, 340 ℃, 350 ℃ or a range between any two thereof, the temperature of the electromagnet may be, for example, but not limited to, any one of 450 ℃, 460 ℃, 470 ℃, 480 ℃, 490 ℃, 500 ℃, 510 ℃, 520 ℃, 530 ℃, 540 ℃, 550 ℃, the magnetic excitation current may be, for example, but not limited to, any one of 100A, 110A, 120A, 130A, 140A, 150A, 160A, 170A, 180A, 190A, 200A or a range between any two thereof, the electrode current may be, for example, but not limited to, any one of 800A, 850A, 900A, 950A, 1000A or a range between any two thereof, and the degree of vacuum in the upper chamber may be, for example, but not limited to, 1 × 10 3 Pa、1.5×10 3 Pa、2×10 3 Pa、2.5×10 3 Pa、3×10 3 Pa, which may be, for example, but not limited to, any one of 40s, 50s, 60s, 70s, 80s, or a range therebetween.
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
The examples were prepared using the vacuum electromagnetic low pressure mold filling apparatus described above for two-phase interpenetrating heterogeneous composite structures.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation process of a two-phase interpenetrating heterogeneous composite structure, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a 316L porous prefabricated member;
a lattice structure unit meeting the functional requirements is designed by using an ANSYS software topology optimization module, the lattice structure unit obtained by topology optimization is regularized, modeling, thickening and Boolean operation are carried out through MATERIALSE MAGICS to obtain an STL file for printing, and an EP-M150 is adopted to prepare a 316L porous prefabricated member. Preferably, the ANSYS software topology optimization module is used for optimizing under the constraint conditions of stress and porosity, firstly, a physical model is established by taking a cube as a unit, pressure is respectively applied to the upper half part of the left side and the lower half part of the right side of the cube, 8 vertexes of the cube model are fixed, the shear load of the cube is simulated, and the porosity of the cube is set to be 70% to obtain a simulation result. Lattice units directly obtained by topology optimization have irregular shapes, the lattice structural units obtained by topology optimization are required to be regularized according to common three-dimensional lattice structures (face-centered cubic, body-centered cubic, octahedral structures and diamond structures), and finally, cubic units are selected. The STL file for printing was obtained by modeling, thickening, boolean operations, etc. through MATERIALSE MAGICS, and the sample was prepared using EP-M150. Setting technological parameters of selective laser melting molding: the preheating temperature of the substrate is 90 ℃, the laser power is 200W, the scanning speed is 600mm/s, and the layer thickness is 30 μm;
s2, putting the 316L porous prefabricated part into an upper cavity, putting another metal to be compounded with the 316L porous prefabricated part into a crucible, smelting the metal into molten metal with uniform components, and then performing vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure mold filling to obtain a two-phase interpenetrating heterogeneous composite structure; the other metal to be compounded with the 316L porous prefabricated part is Al-Si alloy;
the method also comprises the step of carrying out surface treatment on the porous prefabricated member before the porous prefabricated member is placed into the upper cavity, wherein the surface treatment comprises surface cleaning and transition assisting treatment. Further preferably, the surface treatment can remove grease and rust on the surface and improve the wettability, and the process comprises the following steps: mechanical grinding, removing organic impurities by alkali washing (adopting NaOH solution with the concentration of 10 wt%), washing with hot water (the temperature is 80 ℃), removing rust by acid washing (adopting HCl solution with the concentration of 10 wt%), washing with hot water (the temperature is 80 ℃), and drying. The clean surface of the base body of the prefabricated member is exposed after surface treatment, and a salt film can be formed on the surface by plating-assisting treatment in order to prevent secondary oxidation of the base body of the prefabricated member and keep surface activity. The process steps of the plating assisting treatment are as follows: the preform matrix, the surface of which was cleaned, was first immersed in a plating aid (aqueous solution containing 6wt% of KF and 4wt% of KCl) at 80 ℃ for 10min, and then rapidly taken out and dried in an oven.
The Al-Si alloy is put into a crucible for smelting, hexachloroethane is used for degassing when the temperature of molten metal reaches 730 ℃, the melt is refined, skimming is carried out after full stirring, and then heat preservation is carried out to ensure that the components of the molten metal are uniform. Placing the surface treated 316L porous prefabricated member into upper cavity, preheating the prefabricated member to 300 deg.C, controlling electromagnet temperature of electromagnetic heating device to 500 deg.C, magnetic exciting current to 200A, electrode current to 1000A, and vacuum degree in upper cavity to 2 × 10 3 Pa, the pressure maintaining time is 60s, and finally the two-phase interpenetrating heterogeneous composite structure is obtained. As shown in figure 3, no obvious gap exists at the steel-aluminum interface, and the bonding effect is good.
Example 2
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that,
in step S2, al-Si alloy is placed into a crucible for smelting, hexachloroethane is used for degassing when the temperature of molten metal reaches 760 ℃, the melt is refined, slag skimming is performed after full stirring, and then heat preservation is performed to ensure that the components of the molten metal are uniform. The steel-aluminum interface was metallurgically bonded during the mold filling process as shown in fig. 4, producing a compound of about 2 μm or so.
Example 3
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that,
in the step S1, technological parameters of selective laser melting molding are set: the preheating temperature of the substrate is 70 ℃, the laser power is 180W, the scanning speed is 500mm/s, and the layer thickness is 26 mu m;
in step S2, the Al-Si alloy is put into a crucible forSmelting, namely degassing by using hexachloroethane when the temperature of molten metal reaches 720 ℃, refining the melt, fully stirring, skimming, and then preserving heat to ensure that the components of the molten metal are uniform. Placing the surface treated 316L porous prefabricated member into upper cavity, preheating the prefabricated member to 280 deg.C, the temperature of electromagnet of electromagnetic heating device is 450 deg.C, the magnetic excitation current is 100A, the electrode current is 800A, and the vacuum degree in upper cavity is 1 × 10 3 Pa, and the pressure maintaining time is 40s, and finally the two-phase interpenetrating heterogeneous composite structure is obtained. The steel-aluminum interface basically has no obvious gap and has good combination effect.
Example 4
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that,
in the step S1, technological parameters of selective laser melting molding are set: the preheating temperature of the substrate is 100 ℃, the laser power is 250W, the scanning speed is 800mm/s, and the layer thickness is 33 μm;
in step S2, al-Si alloy is placed into a crucible for smelting, hexachloroethane is used for degassing when the temperature of molten metal reaches 770 ℃, the melt is refined, skimming is performed after full stirring, and then heat preservation is performed to ensure that the components of the molten metal are uniform. Placing the surface treated 316L porous prefabricated member into upper cavity, preheating the prefabricated member to 350 deg.C, the temperature of electromagnet of electromagnetic heating device is 550 deg.C, the magnetic excitation current is 150A, the electrode current is 900A, and the vacuum degree in upper cavity is 3 × 10 3 Pa, the pressure maintaining time is 80s, and finally the two-phase interpenetrating heterogeneous composite structure is obtained. The steel-aluminum interface basically has no obvious gap and has good combination effect.
Comparative example 1
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that,
in step S2, the 316L porous prefabricated part subjected to surface treatment is placed into an upper cavity, the prefabricated part is preheated to 300 ℃, the temperature of an electromagnet of an electromagnetic heating device is 500 ℃, the magnetic excitation current is 200A, the electrode current is 500A, and the vacuum degree in the upper cavity is 2 multiplied by 10 3 Pa, the pressure maintaining time is 60s, and finally the two-phase interpenetrating heterogeneous composite structure is obtained. As shown in FIG. 5, a very obvious gap exists at the steel-aluminum interface, and the bonding effect is poor.
Comparative example 2
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that,
in step S2, the 316L porous prefabricated part subjected to surface treatment is placed into an upper cavity, the prefabricated part is preheated to 300 ℃, the temperature of an electromagnet of an electromagnetic heating device is 500 ℃, the magnetic excitation current is 200A, the electrode current is 700A, and the vacuum degree in the upper cavity is 2 multiplied by 10 3 Pa, the dwell time is 60s, and finally the biphase interpenetrating heterogeneous composite structure is obtained. As shown in fig. 6, the electromagnetic force during mold filling is increased by adjusting the magnitude of the electrode current, the steel-aluminum interface gap is gradually reduced compared to comparative example 1, but the gap still exists, and the bonding effect is poor.
The electromagnetic heating device in the upper cavity can be used for preheating, and the supercooling degree during solidification can be controlled by adjusting the current density through the electric control system, so that crystal grains are refined, the working efficiency is greatly improved, and automatic integration is realized. In addition, different from the traditional vacuum pressure suction casting device, the invention pressurizes through electromagnetic force, further reduces impurities introduced by an external vent body in the alloy; the casting prepared by the invention has no slag inclusion, no looseness, very thin casting, large area, complex shape and structure, few pores in the alloy, good casting filling, clear edges and corners, smooth surface, no defects of 'under-casting' and 'meat deficiency' and the like, high utilization rate of the alloy in the casting process and cost saving; the vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure mold filling device is suitable for castings with complex appearance and internal structure, higher fineness, high integral size precision and finish degree of thin walls, and high mechanical property and air tightness, and is also suitable for preparing ceramic-based composite materials, solid-liquid forming dual-phase interpenetrating composite materials and the like.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the present specification and directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields within the spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure mold filling device is characterized by comprising:
the device comprises a frame provided with a lifting device, wherein a smelting furnace and an upper cavity are arranged on the frame, the smelting furnace and the upper cavity are connected with a vacuum system, the smelting furnace and the upper cavity are kept in a vacuum closed state, a crucible is arranged in the smelting furnace, a liquid lifting pipe is arranged at the top of the smelting furnace, the liquid lifting pipe is inserted into the crucible through the movement of the lifting device, an electromagnetic heating device is arranged in the upper cavity corresponding to the upper end opening of the liquid lifting pipe, and a casting pattern die is placed in the electromagnetic heating device corresponding to the upper end opening of the liquid lifting pipe.
2. The vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure mold filling device according to claim 1, wherein an inlet valve and an outlet valve are arranged on the melting furnace, and a heat insulation layer is arranged outside the melting furnace.
3. A vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure charging device as defined in claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic heating device is provided with a contact meter for detecting the vacuum degree, pressure and temperature of the internal space thereof, and the electromagnetic heating device is provided with a thermocouple heating device and a positive electrode and a negative electrode.
4. The vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure charging device according to claim 1, wherein the device is further provided with an electric control system, and a positive electrode and a negative electrode arranged on the electromagnetic heating device are connected with the electric control system.
5. The vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure mold filling device according to claim 1, wherein a casting opening is arranged below the casting mold, a casting cavity of the casting mold is communicated with the casting opening and the vacuum space in the electromagnetic heating device, and the opening at the upper end of the riser pipe is connected with the casting opening of the casting mold.
6. The vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure mold filling device according to claim 1, wherein a mold pressing frame is arranged right above the casting mold, a gas permeable plate is arranged on the mold pressing frame, a downward pushing cylinder is arranged on the mold pressing frame, a limiting plate is arranged at the end of a piston rod of the pushing cylinder, and the limiting plate is arranged right above the casting mold.
7. A vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure mould filling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a temperature detector is provided at the top of the melting furnace, and the temperature detector is inserted into the crucible.
8. A preparation process of a two-phase interpenetrating heterogeneous composite structure is characterized in that the vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure filling device of any one of claims 1 to 7 is adopted, and comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a porous prefabricated part;
s2, placing the porous prefabricated member into an upper cavity, placing another metal to be compounded with the prefabricated member into a crucible to be smelted into molten metal with uniform components, and then performing vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure mould filling to obtain a two-phase interpenetrating heterogeneous composite structure.
9. The process of claim 8, wherein said step S2 further comprises placing a porous preform into said upper cavity,
and carrying out surface treatment on the porous prefabricated member, wherein the surface treatment comprises surface cleaning and plating assisting treatment.
10. The preparation process of the dual-phase interpenetrating heterogeneous composite structure according to claim 9, wherein in the step S2, the surface-treated porous preform is placed in an upper cavity, the preform is preheated to 280 to 350 ℃, the temperature of an electromagnet of an electromagnetic heating device is 450 to 550 ℃, the magnetic excitation current is 100 to 200a, the electrode current is 800 to 1000a, and the vacuum degree of the upper cavity is 1 × 10 3 ~3×10 3 Pa, and the pressure maintaining time is 40 to 80s, and finally obtaining the biphase interpenetrating heterogeneous composite structure.
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| CN202310116794.7A CN115815570A (en) | 2023-02-15 | 2023-02-15 | Vacuum electromagnetic low-pressure mold filling device and process for preparing heterogeneous composite structure by adopting same |
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