CN115812674A

CN115812674A - Machine hatching method for hatching eggs

Info

Publication number: CN115812674A
Application number: CN202310030631.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘晓岗; 黄凤兰; 陈小曲; 刘开渊; 刘晓丽; 侯中杰
Original assignee: Wanyuan Heijilin Agricultural Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Wanyuan Heijilin Agricultural Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-01-10
Filing date: 2023-01-10
Publication date: 2023-03-21

Abstract

The invention discloses a machine hatching method of hatching eggs, relates to the field of breeding, and aims to solve the problems that hatching scores need to be improved, the quality of chicks needs to be improved, and the working efficiency needs to be improved in the prior art. The hatching eggs to be hatched are put on the layer frames of the egg frame vehicle and then are pushed into the fumigation chamber for sterilization, the temperature and humidity are adjusted to set the proper hatching temperature and humidity, the hatching eggs are hatched, the temperature and the humidity of the machine display and the door surface temperature and the humidity are observed and recorded, the hatching eggs are hatched for three times, the hatching tray is moved, the young eggs are picked up and are laid by a worker, and the cleaning and the sterilization are carried out, so that the hatching score is good, the quality of the young chickens is good, and the working efficiency is improved.

Description

Machine hatching method for hatching eggs

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of cultivation, in particular to a machine hatching method for hatching eggs.

Background

The basic conditions for hatching are proper temperature, humidity and good ventilation condition, and the egg turning and cooling are performed at proper time of hatching process, and the sanitary condition of hatching chamber is also specially noted. Temperature is the primary condition for egg hatching. During the whole process of embryo development, various substances are metabolized under certain temperature conditions. The proper temperature is the key for hatching success or failure, and the development of the embryo can be influenced by overhigh or overlow hatching temperature. The humidity has close relation with the evaporation of water in eggs and the metabolism of embryo substances, and has great influence on the development of embryos. The humidity is higher, the moisture in the eggs is not easy to evaporate, and the embryo development is influenced; the humidity is low, the water in the eggs is quickly evaporated, and the adhesion phenomenon of the villi and the eggshell membrane is easily caused. In the pre-hatching period, the embryo forms a large amount of amniotic fluid and allantoic fluid, and the temperature in the incubator is high, so that the humidity needs to be higher. In the process of chicken embryo development, oxygen is continuously sucked, carbon dioxide is discharged, and gas exchange is carried out.

In the early stage of hatching, the embryo has low material metabolism capability and needs less oxygen, the allantois develops with gradually increased respiration amount along with the increase of the embryo age, and the embryo starts to breathe by the lung after hatching till the last 2 days, and the inhaled oxygen and the exhaled carbon dioxide are increased by more than 100 times than in the early stage of hatching. To protect the normal development of the embryo, the incubator must have good ventilation conditions to ensure that sufficient fresh air is provided. Especially in the late hatching period, the ventilation rate is gradually increased, especially during the hatching period. If the ventilation is insufficient, the number of dead embryos before hatching is increased. The hatcher designed at present is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet by paying attention to a ventilation device.

The function of turning over the egg is to heat each part of the embryo evenly, avoid the adhesion with the eggshell, make different parts of the egg heated similarly, promote the gas metabolism, be favorable to the nutrition absorption, improve the hatchability. The machine hatching is provided with an automatic or semi-automatic egg turning system, and the eggs can be turned regularly according to the needs, and generally the eggs can be turned 4-12 times every day and night.

The purpose of cooling eggs is to help embryos to emit heat, promote gas metabolism, improve blood circulation and enhance the capacity of the embryos to regulate body temperature, so that the hatching rate and the quality of chicks are improved. The egg cooling means that the temperature of the egg is reduced in a short time. When naturally hatching, the hens leave the nest to drink water, feed and discharge excrement every day, namely the egg cooling activity; when the machine is used for hatching, the egg lighting and water spraying also belong to egg cooling work, but the regular egg cooling is carried out every day. In the early stage of hatching, the time for cooling the eggs is short, after the eggs are hatched to the 15 th day, the time for cooling the eggs is gradually increased, the door of the incubator is opened for 2 times every day, the heat source is closed, only the fan is started, the egg tray is pulled out from the egg tray rack for 1/3, warm water is sprayed on the eggs, the time for cooling the eggs is prolonged along with the increase of the embryo age, the water can be sprayed on the eggs for 2-3 times every day, and the degree of cooling the eggs every day is mild when the eye skin is in contact with the eggshells. And after the eggs are cooled, pushing the egg tray back into the incubator, closing the incubator door and switching on the heat source. The egg cooling time varies depending on the season, room temperature, and embryo age, and is usually 20 to 30 minutes. When the push bed is used for hatching, egg cooling and egg turning are combined. The eggs with normal development are transferred into the hatching tray of the hatching machine to be continuously hatched to the shell, and the process is called as the falling tray.

The ideal conditions of the hatching chamber are as follows: the room temperature is 21-24 ℃, the relative humidity is 50% -60%, the indoor air is fresh, direct sunlight or cold air direct blowing to the incubator is to be avoided, the wall, the ground and the tools are to be clean and sanitary, the tools are to be placed neatly, and the disinfection is carried out regularly.

Paying attention to site selection and process flow of the hatching field; before workers enter the hatchery, the workers need to take a shower to change clothes and regularly disinfect the clothes; immediately after each batch of incubation, equipment, tools and rooms are washed and disinfected; note that sterilization cannot replace rinsing, and only after thorough rinsing, sterilization is effective. Washing the ground of the hatching chamber with high-pressure water, wiping the inner wall of the incubator with rag, and then sterilizing by a fumigation method; waste such as floss hairs, eggshells, dead chicks, chicken manure and the like in the hatchery are filled into plastic bags for sealing and are conveyed to a place far away from the hatchery for treatment; the sewage is discharged after the disinfection treatment meets the discharge requirement.

Factors influencing hatching comprise a breeding hen factor, an egg factor, a hatching factor and the like, and the hatching result is improved, on one hand, the quality of a breeding hen group is improved, close-relative breeding is prevented, on the other hand, high-quality complete ration of the breeding hen is fed, on the other hand, the purification work of the breeding hen group is well done, on the other hand, the environmental condition of a breeding house is adjusted to be appropriate, on the other hand, the health of the breeding hen group is kept, on the other hand, the collection of hatching eggs is paid attention, and broken eggs, dirty eggs, deformed eggs and excessively large or excessively small eggs are carefully removed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention discloses a machine hatching method of hatching eggs, which adopts the technical scheme that the method comprises the following steps:

step 1, stacking eggs before hatching, namely stacking the eggs with big ends (blunt ends) upwards on a hatching tray, stacking the eggs and then putting the eggs on a shelf of an egg shelf vehicle, and pushing a fumigation chamber to disinfect or temporarily store the eggs;

step 2, adjusting the temperature to keep the temperature in the incubator at a constant temperature of 37.8 ℃, setting the incubation humidity, adjusting the room temperature to be 29-29.4 ℃, wherein after the temperature and the humidity are set, the knob cannot be twisted randomly, when the incubator is incubated, the heat is dissipated when the egg is opened, meanwhile, the heat is absorbed by the hatching egg and the dance disc, so that the temperature of the incubator is temporarily reduced, and the incubator can be recovered to be normal after 3-6 hours;

and 3, carrying out batch hatching or batch hatching, wherein batch hatching is generally carried out every 3 days, 5 days or 7 days to obtain a batch of hatching eggs and a batch of chicks. The whole batch incubation is to fill the incubator once, the large-scale incubation field mostly adopts the whole batch incubation, the machine incubation is mostly carried out for 7 days, and a batch of eggs are incubated, in winter or early spring, the hatching eggs are placed in the incubation chamber for several hours for pre-warming before the incubation, so that the eggs are incubated after gradually reaching the room temperature, and the hatching eggs are placed in the incubator, so that the phenomenon of dewing and the influence on the incubation effect caused by the fact that the hatching eggs directly enter the incubator (about 37.8 ℃) from the egg storage chamber (about 15 ℃) can be prevented, and when the batch people incubate, the egg trays of each batch are placed in a staggered mode, thereby being beneficial to uniformly heating each batch of eggs. The time of incubation was measured at 16: after 00, the time for batch hatching is concentrated in the daytime, which is beneficial to the operation;

step 4, observing and recording the temperature and humidity of the machine display and the temperature and humidity of the door table, and performing egg turning operation at intervals;

step 5, opening more than half of the vent holes of the incubator, opening all the vent holes after the incubator falls, and gradually opening large vent holes during temperature-changing incubation;

step 6, performing 3 times of photo-inspection on hatching eggs, performing 1 st photo-inspection (head photo) on 5 days after hatching, removing clear eggs and dead embryo eggs, if the fertility rate of the hatching eggs is low, timely adjusting cocks and improving breeding management of breeding hens, performing 2 nd photo-inspection (second photo) on 10 th day after hatching, if the allantoic membranes are folded at the small heads of the eggs at the moment, indicating that the embryo development is normal, controlling the hatching conditions properly, removing the dead embryo eggs and the missed clear eggs, and performing 3 rd photo-inspection (third photo) in combination with the plate dropping;

step 7, moving the trays, hatching for 18-19 days, transferring the eggs with normal development into a hatcher for further hatching, delaying the tray falling time if the embryo development is delayed during tray moving, and paying attention to increase the humidity and the ventilation volume in the hatcher after tray falling;

step 8, performing chick picking and artificial midwifery, and starting chick picking when the hatchling reaches 20.5 th day, wherein the temperature and the humidity in the chick box are kept relatively stable, and the chick picking is performed for three times;

step 9; cleaning and sterilizing, soaking the incubator in water, removing dirt with a brush, sterilizing with a disinfectant, cleaning with clear water, draining, and sterilizing with 3% coal phenol soap solution or formalin fumigation.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the step 4, the egg is turned for 1 time every 2-4 hours, the button of the rotary switch is firstly pressed, the rotary switch is pulled to the 'automatic' position after the egg is automatically stopped when the egg is turned to one side at 45 degrees, and the egg is automatically turned for 1 time every hour, and the operation is repeated when power is off.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 4, the observation is performed 1 time every half hour, and the recording is performed 1 time every 2 hours.

As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step 8, each time the hatching egg is picked, the eggshell needs to be picked up.

As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, during the hatching in step 8, the inside of the hatching box is kept dark, the remaining embryonated eggs are collected at a place with a slightly higher temperature after the 2 nd hatching, and care should be taken to help those embryonated eggs which are difficult to self-shell during the 2 nd and 3 rd hatching, and if the embryonated eggs are pecked, the shell is manually broken; if the lower shell membrane is still white, manual shell breaking is not performed, the shell is peeled by about 1 cm from the shell pecking hole, the head and neck of the chick are pulled out and put back into the chick box to be continuously hatched until the chick is hatched.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, before the incubator, the overhaul, cleaning and disinfection of the hatching chamber and the hatching tools are carried out, and before the incubation, the hatching chamber and the hatching tools are checked and maintained to ensure normal operation. The method is used for thoroughly cleaning and disinfecting the hatching chamber and the hatching tools and comprises the following steps: cleaning → spraying wine disinfectant → sealing fumigation, and preparing an incubation plan according to a sale contract or the number, time and hatching egg supply condition of chicks required by the farm, wherein the incubation time and the number of incubation are reasonably arranged; third, accessory supplies, such as candlers, thermometers, hygrometers, disinfectants, anti-epidemic syringes, motor drive belts, record lists, and low value consumables, are prepared one week before hatching.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the fourth item to be prepared before hatching is to fully check whether the electric power temperature supply, instrument temperature measurement, automatic temperature control, egg turning, ventilation and other systems of the incubator can be normally used when the incubator is started to enter the incubator, determine whether the temperature in the incubator is uniform, and familiarize and master the performance and state of the incubator. After the test run is normal for 1-2 days, the eggs are put into the eggs for hatching. In order to prevent the occurrence of temporary power failure accidents, special power generation equipment or a standby power supply is needed, a voltage stabilizer is installed in a place with unstable voltage, and when the temperature in the incubator rises to 27 ℃ and the humidity reaches 65%, disinfection before incubation is finally carried out, wherein the method is a formaldehyde fumigation method, namely, 30 milliliters of formalin and 15 grams of potassium permanganate are used in each cubic meter of space of the incubator, and the fumigation time is 20 minutes. Then the exhaust fan is turned on to exhaust the formaldehyde gas.

The normal egg head can see obvious blood vessel net, the air chamber boundary is obvious, the embryo moves, the egg rotates the embryo and rotates along with the rotation, the black eye point can be seen, the black eye of the embryo can be seen during the dissection, the small head on the front of the two eggs is distributed with the blood vessel net, the live embryo is black red, the thick and large blood vessel and the embryo movement can be seen, the edge of the three air chambers is bent and inclined, and the air chamber has black shadow flash; abnormal egg heads are light in color, only the shadow of yolk can be seen, the rest parts are transparent, flat yolk can be seen when the hatching eggs are rotated, and clear eggs are obtained when the rotation speed is high; irregular blood rings or a plurality of blood vessels are stuck on the eggshells to form blood rings, blood arcs, blood spots or broken blood vessel scars, dead embryo eggs are formed without radioactive blood vessels, when eggs are photographed 10-11 days after hatching, the air chamber boundary is fuzzy, embryos are in a black ball shape, sometimes the air chamber and the lower part of the egg body are seen to be shiny, no blood vessel exists, or dead embryo eggs are formed with residual blood filaments or dead embryo shadows, and the three small heads are transparent, so that the dead embryo eggs are formed; the embryo yellow has regular edges of air chambers, blood vessels are red, and the small air chamber is a slow-developing embryo egg.

Emergency measures taken during power failure during incubation: the power supply is cut off, and the room temperature is increased by 27-30 ℃; if the hatching eggs exist within 10 days, the air inlet holes and the air outlet holes are closed so as to be beneficial to heat preservation; turning the eggs for 1 time every 15-20 minutes after power failure, opening a half door every 1 hour, and turning on a discharge fan for 2-3 minutes to discharge accumulated heat in the machine; if there are 17 days of embryonated eggs, the eggs should be dropped in the tray in advance, and the temperature change of the embryonated eggs should be closely observed.

The hatchery is relatively independent and is kept at a certain distance from other hatcheries, the correct airflow distribution is kept in the hatchery at any moment, and clean and dirty areas are separated. The hatching egg storage warehouse, the hatching chamber and the chick storage chamber are kept at positive pressure; the hatching chamber and washing chamber should be kept at negative pressure, especially the hair sucking pipe in the hatching chamber should be sealed and sucked into the hair box, and the flushing is performed in time after the hatching is finished. The disinfection work of the hatchery is well done, disinfection programs and disinfection systems are formulated, and the microbiological examination is carried out regularly to know and master the disinfection effect. Particularly, the disinfection of the entered tools, articles, personnel and hatching eggs is enhanced, the cleaning and disinfection of all links in the hatching process are enhanced, the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms is reduced, and the propagation and the spread of the pathogenic microorganisms are controlled. The hatching chamber should be sprayed with the agent for eliminating street for 2-3 times per week, and cleaned out for 1 time per week, and thoroughly washed and disinfected by a high-pressure water gun after each hatching. The hatching tray, the egg vehicle and the egg tray are used after being sterilized by disinfectant one by one. The roof ventilation equipment was cleaned 1 time per week and the personnel entered the workshop had to change clothes.

Hatching conditions directly affect hatchability and chick quality. High temperature easily causes malformation of cardiovascular system, nervous system kidney and embryonic membrane, abnormality of adhesive shell and feather, poor healing of umbilical region, weakness and the like; the low temperature can cause the conditions of disturbance of cardiovascular system, slow growth of fetal membranes, malnutrition, liver dysfunction, delayed hatching, dull chicken villi and the like. The hatching temperature is influenced by factors such as the hatching season, the type of an incubator, the variety, the week age of chickens, the temperature of a hatching chamber and the like, the technology of 'observing embryo and applying temperature' is mastered, and the hatching temperature is properly adjusted according to the embryo development condition to provide the optimal temperature for the embryo development. The ventilation can make the air in the hatching chamber and the incubator fresh, reduce the content of carbon dioxide, supplement oxygen, regulate the temperature and humidity and be beneficial to the normal development of embryos. The ventilation method comprises the following steps: the air door is closed for 1 to 2 days, the 1/3 air door is opened for 3 to 12 days, the 2/3 air door is opened for 13 to 17 days, the air door is opened to the maximum after 18 days, and the air exchange of the embryo eggs at the later stage of hatching and the like are more important. The embryo eggs are easily polluted by pathogenic bacteria, the quality of the chick and the hatching egg is seriously influenced, so the work of disinfecting the hatching eggs before hatching, during hatching and during hatching needs to be done, and the pollution of the embryo eggs is reduced.

The hatching eggs of 6 th day of incubation are soaked in the compound vitamin B with the concentration of 3 percent for 1 to 2 minutes, so that the weak chicks can be reduced, and the healthy chicks rate can be improved; when 1/3 of the embryo eggs peck shells, the eggs fall to the tray to improve the hatching result; the laser vertical irradiation is carried out on the hatching eggs for 20 minutes, the embryonic eggs are well developed, and the hatching rate is high; irradiating the embryonated eggs incubated for 18-24 hours with 30W ultraviolet light for 10-20 minutes, which can improve the incubation rate by 6-10% and make the chicks have strong constitution; the chicks are not fumigated by formalin after being treated, otherwise, mucous membrane damage of the chicks is easily caused, and the quality of the chicks is reduced.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the hatching eggs to be hatched are put on the layer frames of the egg frame vehicle and then pushed into the fumigation chamber for sterilization, the temperature and the humidity are adjusted to set a proper hatching temperature and humidity, the hatching eggs are hatched in batches or integrally hatched, the temperature and the humidity are displayed on the machine, the door surface temperature and the humidity are observed and recorded, the hatching eggs which are hatched are subjected to three times of photo-examination, tray moving, hatching and artificial midwifery, and hatching tools are cleaned and sterilized, so that the hatching performance is good, the quality of chicks is good, and the working efficiency is improved.

Detailed Description

Example 1

The invention discloses a first implementation mode of a machine hatching method of hatching eggs, which adopts the technical scheme that the machine hatching method comprises the following steps:

step 1, stacking the eggs before hatching, namely stacking the eggs with big ends upward on a hatching tray, stacking the eggs on a shelf of an egg shelf vehicle, and pushing the egg shelf vehicle into a fumigation chamber for disinfection;

step 2, adjusting the temperature to keep the temperature in the incubator constant at 37.8 ℃, setting the incubation humidity, and adjusting the room temperature to 29 ℃;

step 3, carrying out batch hatching for 7 days;

step 4, observing and recording the temperature and the humidity of the machine display and the temperature and the humidity of a door table, and carrying out egg turning operation at intervals;

step 5, opening a half of the vent holes of the incubator, completely opening the vent holes after tray falling, and gradually opening large vent holes during temperature-changing incubation;

step 6, performing 3 times of photo-inspection on hatching eggs, performing 1 st photo-inspection on 5 days after hatching, removing clear eggs and dead embryo eggs, performing 2 nd photo-inspection on 10 th day after hatching, removing dead embryo eggs and missed clear eggs, and performing 3 rd photo-inspection in combination with plate falling;

step 7, moving the trays, hatching to day 18, transferring the eggs with normal development into a hatcher for further hatching, delaying the tray falling time if the embryo development is delayed during tray moving, and paying attention to increase the humidity and the ventilation volume in the hatcher after tray falling;

Example 2

The invention discloses a second implementation mode of a machine hatching method of hatching eggs, which adopts the technical scheme that the machine hatching method comprises the following steps:

step 2, adjusting the temperature to keep the temperature in the incubator at 37.8 ℃, setting the incubation humidity, and adjusting the room temperature to 29.1 ℃;

step 3, carrying out batch hatching for 7 days;

step 5, opening half of the vent holes of the incubator, opening all vent holes after tray falling, and gradually opening large vent holes during temperature-changing incubation;

step 7, moving the trays, hatching for 18.5 days, transferring the eggs with normal development into a hatcher for further hatching, delaying the tray falling time if the embryo development is delayed during tray moving, and paying attention to increase the humidity and the ventilation volume in the hatcher after tray falling;

EXAMPLE III

The invention discloses a third implementation mode of a machine hatching method of hatching eggs, which adopts the technical scheme that the method comprises the following steps:

step 2, adjusting the temperature to keep the temperature in the incubator at 37.8 ℃, setting the incubation humidity, and adjusting the room temperature to 29.2 ℃;

step 3, carrying out batch hatching for 7 days;

step 7, moving the tray, hatching until the day 19, and transferring the eggs with normal development into a hatcher for continuous hatching; during tray transfer, if the embryo development is delayed, the tray falling time is delayed, and after the tray falling, the humidity in the hatcher is increased and the ventilation volume is increased;

step 9; cleaning and sterilizing, soaking the incubator in water, removing dirt with a brush, sterilizing with disinfectant, cleaning with clear water, draining, and sterilizing with 3% coal phenol soap solution or formalin fumigation.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes and modifications without inventive changes may be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of machine hatching of hatching eggs, comprising: the method comprises the following steps:

step 1, stacking the eggs before hatching, namely stacking the eggs with big ends (blunt ends) upward on a hatching tray, stacking the eggs on shelves of an egg shelf vehicle, and pushing the eggs into a fumigation chamber for disinfection or temporary storage;

step 2, adjusting the temperature to keep the temperature in the incubator at 37.8 ℃, setting the incubation humidity, and adjusting the room temperature to 29-29.4 ℃;

step 3, batch hatching or batch hatching is carried out, in winter or early spring, hatching eggs are placed in a hatching chamber for hours for hatching egg pre-warming before hatching, the hatching eggs are gradually incubated after reaching the room temperature, and the hatching eggs are placed in a hatcher;

step 5, opening more than half of vent holes of the incubator, completely opening the incubator after tray falling, and gradually opening large vent holes during temperature-changing incubation;

step 6, performing 3 times of photo-examination on hatching eggs after hatching, performing 1 st photo-examination (head photo) on 5 days after hatching, rejecting non-sperm eggs and dead embryo eggs, if the fertility rate of the hatching eggs is low, timely adjusting the cocks and improving the feeding management of breeding hens, performing 2 nd photo-examination (second photo) on 10 days after hatching, rejecting the dead embryo eggs and the non-sperm eggs which are not checked, and performing 3 rd photo-examination (third photo) in combination with the falling of the eggs;

2. A method of machine hatching of an hatching egg as recited in claim 1 wherein: in the step 4, the egg is turned for 1 time every 2-4 hours, the button of the rotary switch is firstly pressed, the rotary switch is pulled to the 'automatic' position after the egg is automatically stopped when the egg is turned to one side by 45 degrees, and the egg is automatically turned for 1 time every hour, and the operation is repeated when power is off.

3. A method of machine hatching of an hatching egg as recited in claim 1 wherein: the observation was performed 1 time every half hour and 1 time every 2 hours in step 4.

4. A method of machine hatching of an hatching egg as recited in claim 1 wherein: in the step 8, the eggshells need to be picked out every time the chicks are picked up.

5. A method of machine hatching of an hatching egg as recited in claim 1 wherein: in the step 8, the inside of the hatching box is kept dark during the hatching period, the rest of the embryo eggs are collected and placed in a place with a slightly higher temperature after the 2 nd hatching, the embryo eggs with the self-shelling difficulty need to be helped during the 2 nd and 3 rd hatching, and if the embryo eggs are pecked, the artificial delivery assistance is carried out; if the membrane under the shell is still white, artificial midwifery is not performed.