CN115811269B - Power device load balancing modulation method for excitation circuit of electric excitation motor - Google Patents
Power device load balancing modulation method for excitation circuit of electric excitation motor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a power device load balancing modulation method for an excitation circuit of an electrically excited motor, which relates to the field of power electronics and power transmission and can prolong the service life of the circuit. The method is mainly applied to an asymmetric H-bridge excitation circuit for controlling the excitation current of the electric excitation motor, and the switching work of the chopping MOS tube and the inverse magnetic MOS tube is realized through the improvement of a modulation method, so that the MOS tube and the diode which work in inverse magnetic in the excitation circuit also participate in the conventional excitation work state, and therefore, the semiconductor switching device in the whole excitation circuit is in the balance work state. And the heat distribution of the MOS tube and the diode and the voltage and current stress are completely balanced in the average time period, so that the service life of the power device can be effectively prolonged, and the device model selection during design is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power electronics and power transmission, in particular to a power device load balancing modulation method for an excitation circuit of an electrically excited motor.
Background
The main magnetic field of the electric excitation motor is provided by the excitation winding, so that the electric excitation motor has the advantages of adjustable magnetic field, adjustable power factor and the like. In particular in the event of a fault, the generation of magnetic fields can be avoided by means of de-excitation the method is widely applied to the industry in the dangerous situations such as overlarge short-circuit current civil and aerospace fields.
The circuit for controlling the exciting current of the electric exciting motor can be realized by only one switching tube and diode, but the circuit can not realize the rapid decline of the exciting current, and the exciting current can be declined only by the self resistance loss of the exciting winding, so that the demagnetizing speed is slow. In order to cope with the de-excitation condition, a switching tube and a diode for de-excitation are additionally added, and a reverse voltage is applied to the excitation winding in a de-excitation state, so that excitation current is fed back to the power supply side, and rapid de-excitation is realized.
After adding the switching tube and the diode for de-excitation, the exciting power circuit is composed of two diodes and two switching tubes. However, in the normal excitation working state, one MOS tube is subjected to chopping work, the other MOS tube is continuously conducted, and no current flows through the diode for de-excitation. In the circuit, the diode for de-excitation only participates in working under the de-excitation working condition, so that the power semiconductor device in the whole circuit is in an unbalanced working state, the device is required to be selected according to different working conditions when the circuit is designed, the difficulty of selecting the device is greatly increased, the heat distribution of the device is unbalanced, and part of devices bear larger thermal stress and electric stress and have adverse effect on the service life of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a power device load balancing modulation method for an excitation circuit of an electric excitation motor, which realizes the switching work of a chopper MOS tube by switching output PWM waves in a control program of a main control unit, so that the heat distribution and the voltage and current stress of the circuit are balanced, the device type selection and the design of a heat dissipation system are facilitated, and the service life of the circuit is prolonged.
In order to achieve the above object, a power device load balancing modulation method for an excitation circuit of an electric excitation motor according to an embodiment of the present invention is used in a power device load balancing modulation apparatus, where the apparatus includes: the device comprises an excitation power circuit (1), an electric excitation motor (2), a current sensor (3), a signal conditioning circuit (4), a driving circuit (5) and an excitation controller (6); the exciting power circuit (1) provides exciting current for the electric exciting motor (2), the current sensor (3) is connected in series on an exciting winding of the electric exciting motor to detect current, the exciting controller (6) receives signals of the current sensor (3) and then outputs PWM signals to the driving circuit (5), and the driving circuit (5) controls MOS tubes in the exciting power circuit (1) according to the PWM signals.
In the exciting power circuit (1), a main circuit is composed of two MOS tubes and two diodes, wherein the MOS tube Q 1 And diode D 1 Form a first bridge arm, Q 1 Is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, Q 1 Source electrode of (C) and D 1 Cathode is connected with D 1 The anode is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply; MOS tube Q 2 And diode D 2 Form a second bridge arm, Q 2 Is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, Q 2 Drain of (D) and D 2 Anode is connected with D 2 The cathode is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply; MOS tube Q 1 Sum MOS tube Q 2 The grid electrodes of the two bridge arms are connected with a driving circuit (5), and the midpoints of the two bridge arms are used as excitation output ends.
In the running process, when the excitation controller (6) is interrupted each time, recording the accumulated times of interruption, and receiving an excitation current feedback value at the moment from the signal conditioning circuit (4);
based on the exciting current feedback value and the exciting current reference value I set in the exciting controller (6) f_ref Calculating to obtain an excitation voltage instruction through a current regulation algorithm, and giving the excitation voltage instruction to a PWM comparison register, wherein the PWM comparison register is a part of a digital micro control unit used by an excitation controller; the excitation controller (6) sends out a first PWM signal for controlling the MOS tube Q 1 At the same time, continuously send out a second high level signal to make the MOS transistor Q 2 And continuously conducting.
When the interruption times of the excitation controller (6) reach a set value, the excitation controller (6) sends out a second PWM signal for controlling the MOS tube Q 2 At the same time, continuously send out a first high level signal to make the MOS transistor Q 1 And continuously conducting.
The embodiment of the invention provides a power device load balancing modulation method for an excitation circuit of an electric excitation motor, which solves the problem of unbalanced heat distribution and voltage and current stress caused by different working states of power semiconductor devices in the excitation circuit of the electric excitation motor. According to the modulation method, on the premise of not changing the circuit topology, the switching of the output PWM waves in the control program of the main control unit is realized, so that the switching work of the chopping MOS tube is realized, the heat distribution of the circuit and the voltage and current stress are balanced, the device type selection and the design of a heat dissipation system are facilitated, and the service life of the circuit is prolonged. The invention is realized by using a digital controller, and is more suitable for a modern power electronic control system.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the hardware construction of an excitation circuit of an electro-magnetic motor provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a voltage-current key waveform diagram of the exciting circuit switching tube of the electro-excited motor in a switching working state according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a specific procedure of a wear-leveling modulation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and detailed description for the purpose of better understanding of the technical solution of the present invention to those skilled in the art. Embodiments of the present invention will hereinafter be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary only for explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless expressly stated otherwise, as understood by those skilled in the art. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Further, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein may include wirelessly connected or coupled. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
The embodiment of the invention provides a power device load balancing modulation method for an excitation circuit of an electrically excited motor, which is shown in fig. 1 and comprises the following steps:
the exciting circuit of the electro-excited motor comprises the following components: excitation power circuit (1), electric excitation motor (2), current sensor (3), signal conditioning circuit (4), drive circuit (5) and excitation controller (6), wherein, excitation power circuit (1) provides excitation current for electric excitation motor (2), current sensor (3) establish ties and detect the current on electric excitation motor excitation winding, after excitation controller (6) received the signal of current sensor (3), output PWM signal for drive circuit (5), MOS pipe in drive circuit (1) is controlled according to PWM signal to drive circuit (5).
In the exciting power circuit (1), a main circuit is composed of two MOS tubes and two diodes, wherein the MOS tube Q 1 And diode D 1 Form a first bridge arm, Q 1 Is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, Q 1 Source electrode of (C) and D 1 Cathode is connected with D 1 The anode is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply; MOS tube Q 2 And diode D 2 Form a second bridge arm, Q 2 Is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, Q 2 Drain of (D) and D 2 Anode is connected with D 2 The cathode is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply; MOS tube Q 1 Sum MOS tube Q 2 The grid electrodes of the two bridge arms are connected with a driving circuit (5), and the midpoints of the two bridge arms are used as excitation output ends. For example: the middle points a and b of the two bridge arms are used as excitation output ends and are connected with the excitation winding of the electric excitation motor.
The main magnetic field of the electric excitation motor (2) is generated after excitation current is introduced into an excitation winding of the electric excitation motor (2), and the excitation current introduced into the excitation winding of the electric excitation motor (2) is direct current.
The current sensor (3) is connected in series with the current input end of the exciting winding of the electric exciting motor (2), and the current sensor (3) is used for sampling to obtain the exciting current I of the exciting winding of the motor f 。
The signal conditioning circuit (4) is used for receiving the electric signal output by the current sensor (3), processing the electric signal output by the current sensor (3) and then outputting an exciting current feedback signal I f_fdb Wherein the processing of the electrical signal in the signal conditioning circuit (4) comprises: electrical isolation, amplitude amplification or attenuation. Specifically, the electric isolation can be realized by a magnetic coupling or an optical coupling mode, and the amplification or attenuation of the amplitude of the electric signal can be realized by a proportional operation circuit formed by an operation amplifier. In practical application, operations such as electrical isolation, amplitude amplification or attenuation can be selected according to practical application requirements, and in general terms, "electrical isolation, amplitude amplification" or "electrical isolation, amplitude attenuation" can basically cope with most of the situations of the requirements.
The driving circuit (5) is used for carrying out electric isolation after receiving the PWM signal sent by the excitation controller (6); and the MOS tube is driven to work in a high-frequency switch state, and the switch frequency is in a range from a few kHz to tens of kHz, namely 1kHz to 99kHz, so that the exciting power circuit can work normally.
The excitation controller (6) adopts a digital micro-control unit; wherein, the excitation controller (6) samples and obtains an excitation current feedback signal I output by the signal conditioning circuit (4) f_fdb The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Then the excitation controller (6) outputs I f_fdb And an excitation current reference value I set in a post-excitation controller (6) f_ref And comparing and calculating, and finally outputting PWM signals to control the on/off of the MOS transistor.
In this embodiment, the working mode of the load balancing modulation device of the power device includes: the excitation controller (6) records the accumulated number of times of interruption when each interruption occurs, and receives an excitation current feedback value at the moment from the signal conditioning circuit (4); based on the exciting current feedback value and the exciting current reference value I set in the exciting controller (6) f_ref Calculating to obtain an excitation voltage instruction through a current regulation algorithm, and giving the excitation voltage instruction to a PWM comparison register; the excitation controller (6) sends out a first PWM signal for controlling the MOS tube Q 1 At the same time, continuously send out a second high level signal to make the MOS transistor Q 2 And continuously conducting.
When the interruption times of the excitation controller (6) reach a set value, the excitation controller (6) sends out a second PWM signal for controlling the MOS tube Q 2 At the same time, continuously send out a first high level signal to make the MOS transistor Q 1 And continuously conducting. In a digital circuit supplied with 3.3V, the high level range is usually 2V to 3.3V, and the low level range is usually 0V to 0.8V.
When the number of times of interruption is again reached to the set value, the excitation controller (6) resends a first PWM signal for controlling the MOS tube Q 1 At the same time, continuously send out a second high level signal to make the MOS transistor Q 2 Continuously conducting, and circularly working in this way.
In practical application, as shown in fig. 3, the stress balancing modulation device for the excitation circuit of the electro-excited motor according to the embodiment has the following main operation processes:
when the interruption counter of the excitation controller (6) reaches the integral multiple of the set interruption times, the MOS tube switching operation is started. The interrupt counter is implemented as an int_count interrupt count variable, and may be implemented in program code.
Wherein int_count is an incoming interruption count variable, cmp_1 is a chopper modulation wave value, cmp_2 is a normally-on Guan Diaozhi wave value, PRD is a triangular carrier amplitude, and N is a preset interruption count; PID (if_ref, if_ fdb) is a exciting current regulator calculation program, and a required modulation wave value is calculated from the exciting current feedback value and the reference value.
When the excitation controller (6) enters interruption, the excitation controller is used as a program to start, and then the interruption counter int_count is self-added once every time interruption is entered, and the excitation current feedback value I at the moment is sampled f_fdb Then the exciting current is fed back to the value I f_fdb And reference value I f_ref Sending the excitation current to an excitation current regulator, wherein the excitation current regulator is an excitation current regulator calculation program PID (if_ref, if_ fdb);
the exciting current regulator calculates the required modulating wave amplitude CMP_1, and simultaneously adds 1 to the triangular carrier wave amplitude as the other modulating wave amplitude CMP_2, so that the other modulating wave amplitude is always larger than the triangular carrier wave amplitude.
Wherein cmp_1 is used for outputting PWM signals, and cmp_2 is used for outputting continuous high level signals.
Then judging the size of the interrupt counter and the preset interrupt times N, if Int_count is less than N, assigning CMP_1 to Q 1 Is assigned to Q by cmp_2 2 Is the comparison register of (1), at this time Q 1 Tube chopping work, Q 2 The tube is continuously conducted; if N < int_count < 2N, then CMP_2 is assigned to Q 1 Is assigned to Q by cmp_1 2 Is the comparison register of (1), at this time Q 2 Tube chopping work, Q 1 The tube is continuously conducted; if 2N is less than Int_count, the interrupt counter is cleared.
The above cycle may be repeated.
According to the control flow shown in FIG. 3, the voltage-current key waveform in the exciting circuit is shown in FIG. 2, t 0 And the moment is the switching working point of the chopper tube. At t 0 Before the moment Q 1 Tube chopping work, Q 2 The tube is continuously conducted; at t 0 After the moment Q 2 Tube chopping work, Q 1 The tube is continuously conducting. The switching chopper tube has no influence on the exciting current and the voltage applied across the exciting winding.
The embodiment is mainly applied to an asymmetric H-bridge excitation circuit for controlling the excitation current of the electric excitation motor, and the switching work of the chopper MOS tube and the inverse magnetic MOS tube is realized through the improvement of a modulation method, so that the MOS tube and the diode which work in inverse magnetic mode in the excitation circuit are also participated in the conventional excitation work state, and therefore, the semiconductor switching device in the whole excitation circuit is in the balance work state. And the heat distribution of the MOS tube and the diode and the voltage and current stress are completely balanced in the average time period, so that the service life of the power device can be effectively prolonged, and the device model selection during design is facilitated.
The present embodiment has advantages including: 1. according to the invention, the switching tube is switched to each other in the excitation circuit of the electric excitation motor, so that the original device for de-excitation is also involved in the conventional working condition, the loss on the power device is balanced, the device selection is convenient, and the circuit heat distribution and the device voltage and current stress are optimized; 2. the control process of the stress balance modulation device for the excitation circuit of the electric excitation motor can be realized in a digital controller, is more suitable for a modern motor control system, is convenient for modifying the existing equipment, and has low cost; 3. the embodiment can be realized by only slightly adjusting the control program, does not influence the original functions, and can greatly prolong the service life of the circuit.
In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and identical and similar parts of each embodiment are all referred to each other, and each embodiment mainly describes differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the apparatus embodiments, since they are substantially similar to the method embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and reference is made to the description of the method embodiments for relevant points. The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should be included in the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. The power device load balancing modulation method for the excitation circuit of the electric excitation motor is characterized by being used for a power device load balancing modulation device, and the device comprises the following components: the device comprises an excitation power circuit (1), an electric excitation motor (2), a current sensor (3), a signal conditioning circuit (4), a driving circuit (5) and an excitation controller (6);
the exciting power circuit (1) provides exciting current for the electric exciting motor (2), the current sensor (3) is connected in series on an exciting winding of the electric exciting motor to detect current, the exciting controller (6) receives a signal of the current sensor (3) and then outputs a PWM signal to the driving circuit (5), and the driving circuit (5) controls the MOS tube in the exciting power circuit (1) according to the PWM signal;
in the exciting power circuit (1), a main circuit is composed of two MOS tubes and two diodes, wherein the MOS tube Q 1 And diode D 1 Form a first bridge arm, Q 1 Is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, Q 1 Source electrode of (C) and D 1 Cathode is connected with D 1 The anode is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply; MOS tube Q 2 And diode D 2 Form a second bridge arm, Q 2 Is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, Q 2 Drain of (D) and D 2 Anode is connected with D 2 The cathode is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply; MOS tube Q 1 Sum MOS tube Q 2 The grid electrodes of the two bridge arms are connected with a driving circuit (5), and the midpoints of the two bridge arms are used as excitation output ends;
the excitation controller (6) adopts a digital micro-control unit;
excitation controller (6) samples to obtain excitation current feedback signal output by signal conditioning circuit (4)I f_fdb ；
Then the excitation controller (6) willI f_fdb And an excitation current reference value set in a post-excitation controller (6)I f_ref Comparing and calculating, and finally outputting PWM signals to control the on/off of the MOS transistor;
comprising the following steps: the excitation controller (6) records the accumulated number of times of interruption every time the interruption occurs, and receives the excitation current feedback value from the signal conditioning circuit (4)I f_fdb ；
Based on the exciting current feedback value and the exciting current base set in the exciting controller (6)Quasi-valueI f_ref Calculating to obtain an excitation voltage command through a current regulation algorithm, sending the difference value between an excitation current reference value and a feedback value into a proportional-integral regulator to calculate to obtain the excitation voltage command, and giving the excitation voltage command to a PWM comparison register;
the excitation controller (6) sends out a first PWM signal for controlling the MOS tube Q 1 At the same time, continuously send out a second high level signal to make the MOS transistor Q 2 Continuous conduction;
when the interruption times of the excitation controller (6) reach a set value, the excitation controller (6) sends out a second PWM signal for controlling the MOS tube Q 2 At the same time, continuously send out a first high level signal to make the MOS transistor Q 1 And continuously conducting.
2. The power device load balancing modulation method according to claim 1, wherein the main magnetic field of the electric excitation motor (2) is generated after excitation current is introduced into the excitation winding of the electric excitation motor (2), and the excitation current introduced into the excitation winding of the electric excitation motor (2) is direct current.
3. The power device load balancing modulation method according to claim 1, wherein a current sensor (3) is connected in series with a current input end of an excitation winding of the electric excitation motor (2), and the current sensor (3) is used for sampling to obtain excitation current of the excitation winding of the motorI f 。
4. The method for load balancing modulation of a power device of claim 1,
the signal conditioning circuit (4) is used for receiving the electric signal output by the current sensor (3), processing the electric signal output by the current sensor (3) and then outputting an exciting current feedback signalI f_fdb 。
5. The power device load balancing modulation method according to claim 1, wherein the driving circuit (5) is configured to perform electrical isolation after receiving a PWM signal sent by the excitation controller (6);
and the MOS tube is driven to work in a high-frequency switch state, and the frequency of the high-frequency switch is in the kHz level.
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