CN110824252A - Permanent magnet synchronous motor stator resistance off-line measuring method based on inverter nonlinear dead time compensation - Google Patents

Permanent magnet synchronous motor stator resistance off-line measuring method based on inverter nonlinear dead time compensation Download PDF

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CN110824252A
CN110824252A CN201910937491.5A CN201910937491A CN110824252A CN 110824252 A CN110824252 A CN 110824252A CN 201910937491 A CN201910937491 A CN 201910937491A CN 110824252 A CN110824252 A CN 110824252A
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bridge arm
permanent magnet
synchronous motor
magnet synchronous
stator resistance
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CN110824252B (en
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林明耀
王朋
伍锡坤
王帅
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Southeast University
Liyang Research Institute of Southeast University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/08Measuring resistance by measuring both voltage and current
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/34Testing dynamo-electric machines

Abstract

The invention discloses a permanent magnet synchronous motor stator resistance off-line measuring method based on inverter nonlinear dead time compensationα、uβAnd (3) with a fixed value, enabling the generated voltage vector to be in a fixed sector, enabling the inverter bridge to generate a fixed duty ratio, carrying out high-frequency chopping on the sampled direct-current bus voltage to obtain an equivalent voltage value, and calculating according to the sampled current value to obtain the stator resistance. The method can realize the automatic identification of the stator resistance motor parameters only by the driving controller without manual participation in the whole parameter identification process, and improves the identification efficiency of the motor parameters. The invention considers the influence of the nonlinear dead time of the inverter on the stator resistance measurement, provides a new measuring method and improves the measuring precision of the stator resistance.

Description

Permanent magnet synchronous motor stator resistance off-line measuring method based on inverter nonlinear dead time compensation
Technical Field
The invention relates to an offline measuring method for stator resistance of a permanent magnet synchronous motor, in particular to an offline measuring method for stator resistance of a permanent magnet synchronous motor based on nonlinear dead time compensation of an inverter.
Background
With the wide application of the magnetic field orientation vector control technology in the speed regulation method of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, the application range of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is wider and wider. In the field-oriented vector control technology, the control parameters of the servo controller depend on the stator resistance, inductance and other parameters of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the performance of the whole speed regulating system is directly influenced by the quality of the parameters of the permanent magnet synchronous motor.
At present, the identification of the parameters of the permanent magnet synchronous motor widely adopts an artificial measurement mode: a voltage source with small voltage is connected in parallel with two ends of a permanent magnet synchronous motor resistor, a voltmeter is used for measuring a voltage value, an ammeter is used for measuring current in series connection in a circuit, and then the measured voltage is divided by the measured current to obtain the resistor. In the implementation process, at least the following problems exist in the traditional method: the instruments such as a high-precision voltage source, a voltmeter and an ammeter need to be prepared independently, manual participation is needed for measuring and recording data, and the identification efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide an offline measuring method for the stator resistance of a permanent magnet synchronous motor based on nonlinear dead time compensation of an inverter, and aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, the efficiency of manual measurement is low and the error of dead time compensation is not considered.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention discloses a permanent magnet synchronous motor stator resistance off-line measuring method based on inverter nonlinear dead time compensation, which comprises the following steps: (S1) measuring and reading the voltage V of the direct current bus connected with the three-phase inverter bridgeDC(ii) a (S2) setting in the controller to enable the switching tubes of the upper half bridge arm and the switching tubes of the lower half bridge arm of the first bridge arm and the second bridge arm in the three-phase inverter bridge to be in an off state respectively, and enable the switching tubes of the lower half bridge arm to be in a conducting state respectively; (S3) setting the value of the duty ratio D of the switching tube of the upper half bridge arm of the third bridge arm in the three-phase inverter bridge, and determining two input signals u of an SVPWM module in a controller according to the set value of DαAnd uβAnd assigning the determined value to uαAnd uβ(ii) a (S4) judging three-phase current input to the PMSMBased on the determined direction and the set dead time TdeadConducting dead zone compensation on the conducting and closing time of a switching tube in the three-phase inverter bridge; (S5) measuring and reading the phase current I corresponding to the third bridge arm in the three-phase inverter bridge after dead zone compensationd(ii) a (S6) according to the equivalent circuit, the set value of D and the read VDCValue of (A) and (B)dAnd calculating the value of the stator resistance of the permanent magnet synchronous motor.
Further, in order to prevent the overcurrent, the step (S3) further includes: based on VDCAnd determining the value range of the fixed duty ratio D, wherein the set value of D is in the value range.
Furthermore, the value range of D only needs to ensure that D.V is more than or equal to 1DCLess than or equal to 10.
Further, the step (S4) specifically includes: when the direction of the three-phase current input into the permanent magnet synchronous motor is judged to be along the direction of the three-phase current flowing out of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, the on-time of the switching tube of the upper half bridge arm of the third bridge arm in one period is reduced by TdeadIncreasing the on-time of the switching tube of the lower half bridge arm of the third bridge arm in one period by Tdead(ii) a When the direction of the three-phase current input into the permanent magnet synchronous motor is judged to be along the direction of the current flowing into the permanent magnet synchronous motor, the on-time of the switching tube of the upper half bridge arm of the third bridge arm in one period is increased by TdeadReducing the on-time of the switching tube of the lower half bridge arm of the third bridge arm in one period by Tdead
Further, in step (S6), the value R of the stator resistance of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002221971880000021
has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention can realize the automatic identification of the motor parameters of the stator resistor only by the driving controller without manual participation, additional ampere meters, voltmeter and small power supplies in the whole parameter identification process, thereby improving the identification efficiency of the motor parameters. In addition, the invention improves the measurement accuracy of the stator resistance by considering the influence of the nonlinear dead time of the inverter on the measurement of the stator resistance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a principle of an off-line measurement method for stator resistance of a permanent magnet synchronous motor according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a U-phase driving signal of an off-line measurement method for stator resistance of a permanent magnet synchronous motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of an actual method for measuring stator resistance of a PMSM according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of an off-line measurement method for stator resistance of a permanent magnet synchronous motor according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a comparison graph of the measurement results of the off-line measurement method for the stator resistance of the permanent magnet synchronous motor according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings:
before describing the off-line measuring method for the stator resistance of the permanent magnet synchronous motor provided by the embodiment of the invention, a brief description will be given of the basic principle adopted by the embodiment of the invention. According to ohm's law:
R=U/I
where U is the voltage applied across the resistor and I is the current flowing through the resistor.
The following describes an off-line measuring device for stator resistance of a permanent magnet synchronous motor adopted in the present embodiment. The device is used for providing required three-phase current i for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM)1U、iV、iWThe conventional drive controller.
As shown in fig. 1, the controller includes: the device comprises a current sampling module 2, an SVPWM (Space Vector Pulse width modulation) modulation module 3, a three-phase inverter bridge 4, a DC bus voltage sampling module 5 and a DC power supply module 6. The current sampling module 2 is used for sampling and inputting to the permanent magnet synchronous motor 1Three-phase current iU、iV、iW. The direct-current bus voltage sampling module 5 is used for sampling the direct-current bus voltage of the three-phase inverter bridge 4. SVPWM modulation module 3 receives input signal uαAnd uβAnd PWM pulse signals required by the three-phase inverter bridge 4 are generated. When u isαAnd uβWhen the voltage vector is input as a fixed value, the voltage vector generated by the SVPWM modulation module 3 is in a fixed sector, so that the inverter bridge 4 generates a fixed duty ratio D. The three-phase inverter bridge 4 is used to generate the voltage and current required by the permanent magnet synchronous motor 1. As shown in fig. 3, the three-phase inverter bridge 4 has three arms, which are respectively denoted as a U-phase arm, a V-phase arm, and a W-phase arm. Each bridge arm is provided with two switching tubes, an upper half bridge arm and a lower half bridge arm are respectively provided with one switching tube V1And V2The V-phase bridge arm has a switch tube V3And V4The W-phase bridge arm has a switch tube V5And V6. DC bus voltage VDCThree-phase current i applied to the head and tail ends of three bridge armsU、iV、iWRespectively led out from the middle point of each corresponding bridge arm. And the direct-current power supply module 6 is used for supplying power to the three-phase inverter bridge 4.
Based on the controller, the off-line measuring method for the stator resistance of the permanent magnet synchronous motor comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: measuring and reading the voltage V of the DC bus connected with the three-phase inverter bridge 4DC
Step two: the controller is arranged to make the switching tubes of the upper half bridge arm and the lower half bridge arm of the first and second bridge arms in the three-phase inverter bridge 4 both in a closed state and in a conducting state.
As shown in FIG. 3, the present embodiment is arranged such that V in the V-phase and W-phase arms3And V5Remains in the closed state, V4And V6The open state is maintained. In other embodiments, V may be set1And V5Remains in the closed state, V2And V6Keeping the opening state; or V1And V3Remains in the closed state, V2And V4The open state is maintained. Such setting may be by programming pairsAnd a chip pin in the controller is controlled to output high and low levels. Because the chip pin is connected with the pin of the inverter bridge, the high and low level is output by controlling the chip pin, and the switching on and off of the inverter bridge switching tube is also controlled.
Step three: setting the value of the duty ratio D of the switching tube of the upper half bridge arm of the third bridge arm in the three-phase inverter bridge 4, and determining two input signals u required to be input into the SVPWM module 3 in the controller according to the switching frequency of the SVPMW module 3 and the set value of DαAnd uβAnd assigning the determined value to uαAnd uβ
Specifically, in this step, the set value of D is required to be 1. ltoreq. Dv to prevent overcurrentDCLess than or equal to 10. Thus, V is measured in step oneDCOn the basis, the value range of D can be determined, and then one value is selected as a set value.
As mentioned earlier, when uαAnd uβWhen the voltage vector is input as a fixed value, the generated voltage vector is in a fixed sector. The method adopts zero vector dispersion, and the action time of two adjacent basic voltage vectors is T1And T2When the switching frequency of the SVPWM is set to be T, the residual time is T-T1-T2Two zero vectors act to obtain a U-phase upper bridge arm switching tube V1Each period being on for a time TU. Because u isαAnd uβIs a fixed value, so that the switching tube V1And V2The conduction frequency is not changed, if u is adjustedα、uβCan set V1Theoretical duty cycle of conduction D ═ TUT, then the complementary lower bridge arm V2The theoretical duty cycle of conduction is 1-D. In other words, u is determined in the case of switching frequency T of SVPWMα、uβValue of (A) and V1The theoretical duty ratio D of the conduction has a one-to-one corresponding relation, and u can be reversely deduced through the set values of the switching frequencies T and Dα、uβThe value of (c). The specific calculation method can be found in "electric drive automatic control system-motion control system fourth edition," mechanical industry Press, Devie Utility, Chengbei, PP133-143 ".
Step four: determining the direction of three-phase current input into the PMSM based on the determined direction and the set dead time TdeadAnd performing dead zone compensation on the conduction and closing time of a switching tube in the three-phase inverter bridge.
Specifically, in step three, u is deduced from the inverseα、uβAfter the value of (3) is input into the SVPWM module 3, in practice, the U-phase bridge arm in the three-phase inverter bridge 4 may have the switching tube intercommunication between the upper and lower half-bridge arms, i.e. the dead-zone effect. When the dead zone effect occurs, the U-phase upper bridge arm switch tube V1Time T of each period being onUThe fixed dead time T actually needs to be subtracted in the controllerdeadI.e. each period has an on-time of TU-TdeadThen V is1Actual duty cycle of conduction D ═ TU-Tdead) and/T. This results in the actual duty cycle D' deviating from the theoretical duty cycle D. Therefore, dead time compensation is required.
The method based on the nonlinear dead time compensation of the inverter comprises the following steps: the motor is powered in the positive direction of the prescribed current and powered out in the negative direction of the prescribed current, and the U-phase current is always in the positive direction, i.e. I in this embodiment, as described with respect to the U-phaseUWhen the pulse width is more than 0, the positive pulse width of the output voltage is narrowed, the value of the output voltage is lower than the expected value, and the bridge arm V of the compensation algorithm on the U phase1Time T of switch on in each periodUPlus a dead time TdeadI.e. is TU+TdeadThen in practice the upper arm V1Each period being on for a time TUThen consider V after dead time compensation1Actual duty ratio of conduction D ═ TUthe/T is that the on-off time of the switch tube is not counted, the voltage drop of the switch tube is not counted, V1The actual duty cycle of the conduction is the theoretical duty cycle. When the U-phase current is always in the negative direction (i.e. I)U< 0) embodiment, the output voltage positive pulse width is widened, the output voltage value is higher than the expected value, and the compensation algorithm is applied to the upper bridge arm V of the U phase1Time T of switch on in each periodUMinus a dead time TdeadI.e. is TU-TdeadThat isPractical upper bridge arm V1Each period being on for a time TUThen consider V after dead time compensation1Actual duty ratio D ═ T of conductionUthe/T is that the on-off time of the switch tube is not counted, the voltage drop of the switch tube is not counted, V1The actual duty cycle of the conduction is the theoretical duty cycle. Dead time compensation can be more intuitively understood from fig. 2. In FIG. 2, a represents the U-phase upper arm V1Ideal drive signal, b represents the lower bridge arm V of U phase2An ideal drive signal; c represents the upper arm V of the U phase1After dead time is added, a signal is driven, d represents a U-phase lower bridge arm V2Adding a dead time post-drive signal; e represents when IUU phase upper bridge arm V when more than 01Drive signal with dead band compensation algorithm, f denotes IUU-phase lower bridge arm V when more than 02A drive signal with a dead-zone compensation algorithm; g represents when IUU phase upper bridge arm V at time less than 01A drive signal with dead zone compensation algorithm, h represents when IULess than 0 hour U phase lower bridge arm V2A drive signal with dead-zone compensation algorithm.
Step five: measuring and reading the phase current I corresponding to the third bridge arm in the three-phase inverter bridge 4 after dead zone compensationd
Step six: v read from the equivalent circuit and the set value of DDCValue of (A) and (B)dAnd calculating the value of the stator resistance of the permanent magnet synchronous motor.
As shown in fig. 3 at V3And V5Remains in the closed state, V4And V6Remains open, V1And V2Equivalent circuit diagrams with duty cycles of D and 1-D, respectively. According to the equivalent circuit diagram, D, V is combinedDCAnd IdThe stator resistance R can be calculated as:
referring to fig. 5, curve 1 represents a theoretical resistance curve, curve 2 represents a resistance curve identified by considering dead time compensation, and curve 3 represents a resistance curve identified by considering dead time compensation. From the effect of fig. 5, curve 2 is closer to the theoretical resistance curve 1, illustrating a higher accuracy after considering dead-zone compensation.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (5)

1. A permanent magnet synchronous motor stator resistance off-line measuring method based on inverter nonlinear dead time compensation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(S1) measuring and reading the voltage V of the direct current bus connected with the three-phase inverter bridge (4)DC
(S2) setting in the controller to enable the switching tubes of the upper half bridge arm and the lower half bridge arm of the first bridge arm and the second bridge arm in the three-phase inverter bridge (4) to be in an off state and in a conducting state;
(S3) setting the value of the duty ratio D of the switching tube of the upper half bridge arm of the third bridge arm in the three-phase inverter bridge (4), and determining two input signals u of an SVPWM module (3) in the controller according to the switching frequency of the SVPMW module (3) and the set value of DαAnd uβAnd assigning the determined value to uαAnd uβ
(S4) the direction of the three-phase current input to the permanent magnet synchronous motor (1) is determined, and the determined direction and the set dead time T are used as the basisdeadDead zone compensation is carried out on the conduction and closing time of a switch tube in the three-phase inverter bridge (4);
(S5) measuring and reading the phase current I corresponding to the third bridge arm in the three-phase inverter bridge (4) after dead zone compensationd
(S6) according to the equivalent circuit, the set value of D and the read VDCValue of (A) and (B)dAnd calculating the value of the stator resistance of the permanent magnet synchronous motor.
2. Permanent magnet synchronous motor stator according to claim 1The resistance off-line measurement method is characterized in that in order to prevent overcurrent, a value of a duty ratio D of an upper half-bridge arm switching tube of a third bridge arm in the three-phase inverter bridge (4) is set in step (S3), and specifically comprises the following steps: based on VDCAnd determining the value range of the fixed duty ratio D, and enabling the set value of D to be in the value range.
3. The off-line measuring method for the stator resistance of the permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 2, wherein the value range of D only needs to ensure that D.V is more than or equal to 1DCLess than or equal to 10.
4. The off-line measuring method for the stator resistance of the permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein the step (S4) specifically comprises the following steps:
when the direction of the three-phase current input into the permanent magnet synchronous motor (1) is judged to be along the direction of the three-phase current flowing out of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (1), the on-time of the switching tube of the upper half bridge arm of the third bridge arm in one period is reduced by TdeadIncreasing the on-time of the switching tube of the lower half bridge arm of the third bridge arm by T in one perioddead
When the direction of the three-phase current input into the permanent magnet synchronous motor (1) is judged to be along the direction of the current flowing into the permanent magnet synchronous motor (1), the on-time of the switching tube of the upper half bridge arm of the third bridge arm in one period is increased by TdeadReducing the on-time of the switching tube of the lower half bridge arm of the third bridge arm in one period by Tdead
5. The off-line measuring method for the stator resistance of the permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein in the step (S6), the value R of the stator resistance of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is calculated by the following formula:
Figure FDA0002221971870000021
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