CN115810771B - Fuel cell thermal cycle system and method utilizing liquid hydrogen cold energy - Google Patents
Fuel cell thermal cycle system and method utilizing liquid hydrogen cold energy Download PDFInfo
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- CN115810771B CN115810771B CN202211643091.1A CN202211643091A CN115810771B CN 115810771 B CN115810771 B CN 115810771B CN 202211643091 A CN202211643091 A CN 202211643091A CN 115810771 B CN115810771 B CN 115810771B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The application discloses a fuel cell thermal circulation system and a method utilizing liquid hydrogen cooling energy, wherein a blank path circulation subsystem, a hydrogen path circulation subsystem and a cooling circulation subsystem which are mutually coupled; the air path circulation subsystem comprises a filter, a first heat exchanger, an air compressor, a second heat exchanger, a fuel cell stack, a first water separator and a first flow control valve which are connected in sequence; the hydrogen path circulation subsystem comprises a liquid hydrogen tank, a gaseous hydrogen outlet of the liquid hydrogen tank is connected with a first heat exchanger through a second flow control valve, a liquid hydrogen outlet of the liquid hydrogen tank is connected with a fourth heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger and the fourth heat exchanger are connected with a second heat exchanger, and then the liquid hydrogen tank is sequentially connected with a third heat exchanger, a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen circulation pump and a second water separator; the cooling cycle subsystem includes a large cycle and a small cycle. The application recycles the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen tank, and optimizes the hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell system; and the water vapor and heat energy at the outlet of the electric pile air path are recovered, so that the operation performance of the electric pile is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell thermal cycle system and a method utilizing liquid hydrogen cooling energy.
Background
According to the object of ' white paper book of China's hydrogen energy and fuel cell industry ', the ratio of China's hydrogen energy in China's energy system reaches 4%, 5.9% and 10% in 2025, 2035 and 2050, the annual economic output value reaches more than 10 trillion in 2050, and the number of fuel cell vehicles exceeds 500 ten thousand. The hydrogen energy is the best choice for realizing large-scale deep decarburization of transportation, industry and construction, and is the most favorable support for realizing carbon peak and carbon neutralization, and the hydrogen energy and fuel cell industry is entering the high-speed development stage in China. The liquid hydrogen has great advantages in transportation and storage due to the extremely high hydrogen storage density, and simultaneously, the parasitic power consumption of the fuel cell system can be greatly reduced, the operation efficiency of the fuel cell system can be improved, and the service life of the fuel cell system can be prolonged by combining with the thermal management strategy of the fuel cell. However, in the prior art, an effective thermal management strategy cannot be formed, so that an important role of optimal thermal cycle of the liquid hydrogen fuel cell in reducing hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell and further promoting commercialization of the fuel cell can be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the application provides a fuel cell thermal cycle system and a method utilizing liquid hydrogen cooling energy.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the application adopts the following technical scheme:
a fuel cell thermal cycle system utilizing liquid hydrogen cooling energy, comprising: a hollow path circulation subsystem, a hydrogen path circulation subsystem and a cooling circulation subsystem which are mutually coupled;
the air path circulation subsystem comprises a filter, a first heat exchanger and an air compressor which are sequentially connected, the air compressor is connected with an air inlet of the fuel cell stack through a second heat exchanger, an air outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected with a third heat exchanger through a first water separator, and the third heat exchanger is connected with the air inlet of the fuel cell stack through a first flow control valve;
the hydrogen path circulation subsystem comprises a liquid hydrogen tank, a gaseous hydrogen outlet of the liquid hydrogen tank is connected with the first heat exchanger through a second flow control valve, a liquid hydrogen outlet of the liquid hydrogen tank is connected with the fourth heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger and the fourth heat exchanger are connected with the second heat exchanger together, and the second heat exchanger is sequentially connected with the third heat exchanger, the fuel cell stack, the hydrogen circulation pump and the second water separator.
As an preference of the above scheme, the opening of the first flow control valve in the idle-path circulation subsystem is adjusted along with the operating current and the performance of the fuel cell stack, so as to ensure the optimal operating condition of the system under the current working condition of the stack.
As the optimization of the scheme, the opening of the second flow control valve in the hydrogen circulation subsystem is adjusted along with the output power of the fuel cell stack and the ambient temperature, so that the optimal operation condition of the system under the current working condition of the stack is ensured.
Preferably, the second flow control valve has a pressure relief function, and discharges the pressure in the gasified hydrogen balance liquid hydrogen tank when the system stops running.
Preferably, the cooling circulation subsystem includes a large circulation flow path and a small circulation flow path.
Preferably, the large circulation flow path includes a thermostat, a radiator, and a water pump connected in this order, and forms a large circulation with the fuel cell stack.
Preferably, the small circulation flow path comprises a heater, an inlet end of the heater is connected with the thermostat, and an outlet end of the heater is sequentially connected with the fourth heat exchanger and the water pump, so that small circulation is formed with the fuel cell stack.
A fuel cell thermal cycling method using liquid hydrogen cold energy, comprising:
air in the atmosphere is filtered by a filter and then enters a first heat exchanger, and then enters an air compressor to generate high-temperature and high-pressure air;
gaseous hydrogen generated in the use process of the liquid hydrogen tank enters the first heat exchanger through the second flow control valve to cool air, the opening of the second flow control valve is influenced by the operation condition of the fuel cell stack, and the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen tank enters the fourth heat exchanger to be mixed with the gaseous hydrogen passing through the first heat exchanger and then enters the second heat exchanger to cool high-temperature and high-pressure air; the high-pressure air cooled by the second heat exchanger is mixed with a part of high-temperature low-humidity air discharged by the fuel cell stack through the first water separator and the first flow control valve and then enters the fuel cell stack; the other part of high-temperature low-humidity air is mixed with the hydrogen passing through the second water separator after passing through the third heat exchanger and then is discharged into the atmosphere;
the hydrogen passing through the second heat exchanger enters the third heat exchanger for further heating, and then is mixed with the residual hydrogen which does not participate in the reaction of the fuel cell stack in the hydrogen circulating pump through the second water separator, and enters the fuel cell stack for participating in the electrochemical reaction, so that electric energy and heat energy are generated.
As a preferable aspect of the above, further comprising: large cycle in the cooling cycle of the fuel cell system: cooling water discharged by the fuel cell stack enters the radiator for cooling after passing through the thermostat, and the cooled cooling water enters the fuel cell stack after entering the water pump for boosting.
As a preferable aspect of the above, further comprising: small cycles in the cooling cycle of the fuel cell system: cooling water discharged by the fuel cell stack enters the heater through the thermostat, enters the fourth heat exchanger to participate in heat exchange, and then enters the fuel cell stack after being boosted by the water pump.
Due to the structure, the application has the beneficial effects that:
(1) Gaseous hydrogen generated by pressure reduction in the use process of the liquid hydrogen tank is recycled, so that the temperature of air at an inlet of an air compressor is reduced, the performance of the air compressor is improved, parasitic power consumption of a fuel cell system is reduced, and the hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell system is optimized.
(2) And (3) establishing an air-circuit circulation, recovering water vapor and heat energy at an air-circuit outlet of the fuel cell stack, realizing humidification of air at an air-circuit inlet of the stack, improving the hydrogen temperature at an hydrogen-circuit inlet of the stack, and improving the operation performance of the stack.
(3) The cooling circulation of the fuel cell and the circulation of the air and the hydrogen path are coupled, the liquid hydrogen cooling energy is utilized to reduce the outlet air temperature of the air compressor and the water outlet temperature of the electric pile, the heat load of a radiator is reduced, the hydrogen inlet temperature of the electric pile is increased, the parasitic power consumption of the fuel cell system is further reduced, and the hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell system is optimized.
(4) The heater in the cooling cycle of the fuel cell is utilized to realize the gasification of liquid hydrogen under low load, thereby simplifying the system structure.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a system hydrogen consumption optimization diagram;
in the figure: the device comprises a 1-filter, a 2-first heat exchanger, a 3-air compressor, a 4-second heat exchanger, a 5-third heat exchanger, a 6-first flow control valve, a 7-first water separator, an 8-fuel cell stack, 9-air, a 10-second flow control valve, a 11-liquid hydrogen tank, a 12-fourth heat exchanger, a 13-radiator, a 14-thermostat, a 15-heater, a 16-water pump, a 17-hydrogen circulating pump and an 18-second water separator.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a fuel cell thermal cycle system using liquid hydrogen cooling energy, comprising: and the air path circulation subsystem, the hydrogen path circulation subsystem and the cooling circulation subsystem are mutually coupled.
The air path circulation subsystem comprises a filter 1, a first heat exchanger 2 and an air compressor 3 which are sequentially connected, the air compressor 3 is connected with an air inlet of a fuel cell stack 8 through a second heat exchanger 4, an air outlet of the fuel cell stack 8 is connected with a third heat exchanger 5 through a first water separator 7, and the third heat exchanger 5 is connected with an air inlet of the fuel cell stack 8 through a first flow control valve 6. The opening of the first flow control valve 6 in the air-path circulation subsystem is adjusted along with the running current of the fuel cell stack 8 and the performance of the stack so as to ensure the optimal running condition of the system under the current working condition of the stack.
The hydrogen path circulation subsystem comprises a liquid hydrogen tank 11, a gaseous hydrogen outlet of the liquid hydrogen tank 11 is connected with a first heat exchanger 2 through a second flow control valve 10, a liquid hydrogen outlet is connected with a fourth heat exchanger 12, the first heat exchanger 2 and the fourth heat exchanger 12 are jointly connected with a second heat exchanger 4, and the second heat exchanger 4 is sequentially connected with a third heat exchanger 5, a fuel cell stack 8, a hydrogen circulation pump 17 and a second water separator 18; the opening of the second flow control valve 10 in the hydrogen circulation subsystem is adjusted along with the output power of the fuel cell stack 8 and the ambient temperature, so that the optimal operation condition of the system under the current working condition of the stack is ensured; the second flow control valve 10 has a pressure release function, and discharges the pressure in the gasified hydrogen balance liquid hydrogen tank when the system stops operating.
The cooling circulation subsystem comprises a large circulation flow path and a small circulation flow path; the large circulation flow path comprises a thermostat 14, a radiator 13 and a water pump 16 which are connected in sequence, and forms large circulation with the fuel cell stack 8; the small circulation flow path comprises a heater 15, an inlet end of the heater 15 is connected with a thermostat 14, and an outlet end of the heater 15 is sequentially connected with a fourth heat exchanger 12 and a water pump 16, so that small circulation is formed with the fuel cell stack 8.
The embodiment also provides a fuel cell thermal cycle method using liquid hydrogen cooling energy, including:
air 9 in the atmosphere is filtered by the filter 1, enters the first heat exchanger 2, and then enters the air compressor 3 to generate high-temperature and high-pressure air.
Gaseous hydrogen generated in the use process of the liquid hydrogen tank 11 enters the first heat exchanger 2 through the second flow control valve 10 to cool air, the opening of the second flow control valve 10 is influenced by the operation condition of the fuel cell stack, and liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen tank 11 enters the fourth heat exchanger 12 and then enters the second heat exchanger 4 to cool high-temperature and high-pressure air after being mixed with the gaseous hydrogen passing through the first heat exchanger 2; the high-pressure air cooled by the second heat exchanger 4 is mixed with a part of high-temperature low-humidity air discharged by the fuel cell stack 8 through the first water separator 7 and the first flow control valve 6 and then enters the fuel cell stack 8; the other part of the high-temperature low-humidity air is mixed with the hydrogen passing through the second water separator 18 after passing through the third heat exchanger 5 and then discharged into the atmosphere; the hydrogen passing through the second heat exchanger 4 enters the third heat exchanger 5 for further heating, and then is mixed with the residual hydrogen which does not participate in the fuel cell stack reaction 8 in the hydrogen circulating pump 17 through the second water separator 18, and then enters the fuel cell stack 8 for participating in electrochemical reaction, so as to generate electric energy and heat energy.
Large cycle in the cooling cycle of the fuel cell system: cooling water discharged by the fuel cell stack 8 passes through the thermostat 14 and then enters the radiator 13 for cooling, and the cooled cooling water enters the water pump 16 for boosting and then enters the fuel cell stack 8.
Small cycles in the cooling cycle of the fuel cell system: cooling water discharged by the fuel cell stack 8 enters the heater 15 after passing through the thermostat 14, enters the fourth heat exchanger 12 to participate in heat exchange, and then enters the fuel cell stack 8 after being boosted by the water pump 16.
Calculating hydrogen consumption according to a known fuel cell system hydrogen consumption calculation formula:
wherein m is hydrogen flow, and the unit is kg/s; pd is the output power of the fuel cell system, and the unit is W; pp is parasitic power consumption of the fuel cell system (power consumption of auxiliary components such as an air compressor, a water pump, a hydrogen circulating pump and the like), and the unit is W; LHV is the low heating value of hydrogen, and the unit is J/kg; k is a correction coefficient.
With the thermal cycling system and method of the present application, as shown in fig. 2, the fuel cell system has 3% lower hydrogen consumption at the nominal point.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell thermal cycle system using liquid hydrogen cooling energy, comprising: a hollow path circulation subsystem, a hydrogen path circulation subsystem and a cooling circulation subsystem which are mutually coupled;
the air path circulation subsystem comprises a filter (1), a first heat exchanger (2) and an air compressor (3) which are sequentially connected, wherein the air compressor (3) is connected with an air inlet of a fuel cell stack (8) through a second heat exchanger (4), an air outlet of the fuel cell stack (8) is connected with a third heat exchanger (5) through a first water separator (7), and the third heat exchanger (5) is connected with an air inlet of the fuel cell stack (8) through a first flow control valve (6);
the hydrogen path circulation subsystem comprises a liquid hydrogen tank (11), a gaseous hydrogen outlet of the liquid hydrogen tank (11) is connected with a first heat exchanger (2) through a second flow control valve (10), a liquid hydrogen outlet is connected with a fourth heat exchanger (12), the first heat exchanger (2) and the fourth heat exchanger (12) are connected with a second heat exchanger (4) together, and the second heat exchanger (4) is sequentially connected with a third heat exchanger (5), a fuel cell electric pile (8), a hydrogen circulation pump (17) and a second water separator (18).
2. The fuel cell thermal cycle system using liquid hydrogen cooling energy according to claim 1, wherein the opening of the first flow control valve (6) in the empty-path circulation subsystem is adjusted along with the operating current and the stack performance of the fuel cell stack (8) to ensure the optimal operating condition of the system when the stack is operated under the current working condition.
3. The fuel cell thermal cycle system using liquid hydrogen cooling energy according to claim 1, wherein the opening of the second flow control valve (10) in the hydrogen cycle subsystem is adjusted according to the output power of the fuel cell stack (8) and the ambient temperature, so as to ensure the optimal operation condition of the system under the current working condition of the stack.
4. A fuel cell thermal cycle system using liquid hydrogen cooling energy according to claim 1, wherein the second flow control valve (10) has a pressure release function, and discharges the pressure in the vaporized hydrogen balance liquid hydrogen tank when the system stops operating.
5. A fuel cell thermal cycle system utilizing liquid hydrogen cooling energy as defined in claim 1 wherein the cooling cycle subsystem comprises a large circulation flow path and a small circulation flow path.
6. The fuel cell thermal cycle system using liquid hydrogen cooling energy according to claim 5, wherein the large circulation flow path comprises a thermostat (14), a radiator (13), and a water pump (16) connected in this order, and forms a large circulation with the fuel cell stack (8).
7. The fuel cell thermal cycle system using liquid hydrogen cooling energy according to claim 5, wherein the small circulation flow path comprises a heater (15), an inlet end of the heater (15) is connected with a thermostat (14), and an outlet end of the heater is sequentially connected with a fourth heat exchanger (12) and a water pump (16) to form a small circulation with the fuel cell stack (8).
8. A thermal cycle method of a fuel cell thermal cycle system using liquid hydrogen cooling energy according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:
air (9) in the atmosphere is filtered by the filter (1) and then enters the first heat exchanger (2), and then enters the air compressor (3) to generate high-temperature and high-pressure air;
gaseous hydrogen generated in the use process of the liquid hydrogen tank (11) enters the first heat exchanger (2) through the second flow control valve (10) to cool air, the opening of the second flow control valve (10) is influenced by the operation condition of the fuel cell stack, and the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen tank (11) enters the fourth heat exchanger (12) to be mixed with the gaseous hydrogen passing through the first heat exchanger (2) and then enters the second heat exchanger (4) to cool high-temperature high-pressure air; the high-pressure air cooled by the second heat exchanger (4) is mixed with a part of high-temperature low-humidity air discharged by the fuel cell stack (8) through the first water separator (7) and the first flow control valve (6) and then enters the fuel cell stack (8); the other part of high-temperature low-humidity air is mixed with the hydrogen passing through the second water separator (18) after passing through the third heat exchanger (5) and then discharged into the atmosphere;
the hydrogen passing through the second heat exchanger (4) enters the third heat exchanger (5) for further heating, and then is mixed with the residual hydrogen which does not participate in the reaction of the fuel cell stack (8) in the hydrogen circulating pump (17) through the second water separator (18) to enter the fuel cell stack (8) for participating in the electrochemical reaction, so that electric energy and heat energy are generated.
9. The thermal cycling method of the fuel cell thermal cycling system utilizing liquid hydrogen cooling energy according to claim 8, further comprising: large cycle in the cooling cycle of the fuel cell system: cooling water discharged by the fuel cell stack (8) enters the radiator (13) for cooling after passing through the thermostat (14), and the cooled cooling water enters the fuel cell stack (8) after entering the water pump (16) for boosting.
10. The thermal cycling method of the fuel cell thermal cycling system utilizing liquid hydrogen cooling energy according to claim 8, further comprising: small cycles in the cooling cycle of the fuel cell system: cooling water discharged by the fuel cell stack (8) enters the heater (15) after passing through the thermostat (14) and then enters the fourth heat exchanger (12) to participate in heat exchange, and then enters the fuel cell stack (8) after being boosted by the water pump (16).
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110676481A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2020-01-10 | 武汉格罗夫氢能汽车有限公司 | Thermal management system for hydrogen energy automobile fuel cell |
| CN112599814A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-04-02 | 清华大学 | Fuel cell system and fuel cell vehicle |
| CN112599815A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-02 | 清华大学 | Cold energy utilization device and cold energy utilization system |
| KR20210048024A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2021-05-03 | 고등기술연구원연구조합 | System for cold heat transfer and hydrogen liquefaction using cold heat circulation of liguified hydrogen |
| CN114300709A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-08 | 上海恒劲动力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell and thermal management control system thereof |
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- 2022-12-20 CN CN202211643091.1A patent/CN115810771B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110676481A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2020-01-10 | 武汉格罗夫氢能汽车有限公司 | Thermal management system for hydrogen energy automobile fuel cell |
| KR20210048024A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2021-05-03 | 고등기술연구원연구조합 | System for cold heat transfer and hydrogen liquefaction using cold heat circulation of liguified hydrogen |
| CN112599814A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-04-02 | 清华大学 | Fuel cell system and fuel cell vehicle |
| CN112599815A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-02 | 清华大学 | Cold energy utilization device and cold energy utilization system |
| CN114300709A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-08 | 上海恒劲动力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell and thermal management control system thereof |
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