CN117747887A - Hydrogen/ammonia fuel energy system coupling fuel cell and gas turbine - Google Patents
Hydrogen/ammonia fuel energy system coupling fuel cell and gas turbine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117747887A CN117747887A CN202410069246.8A CN202410069246A CN117747887A CN 117747887 A CN117747887 A CN 117747887A CN 202410069246 A CN202410069246 A CN 202410069246A CN 117747887 A CN117747887 A CN 117747887A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- turbine
- hydrogen
- communicated
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000006481 deamination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000009615 deamination Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrogen/ammonia fuel energy system for coupling a fuel cell and a gas turbine, which comprises a hydrogen supply subsystem, an air supply subsystem, a fuel cell, a combustion device and a first turbine, wherein the hydrogen supply subsystem is communicated with an anode inlet of the fuel cell, the air supply subsystem is communicated with a cathode inlet of the fuel cell, the fuel cell is used for converting chemical energy of gas introduced from the hydrogen supply subsystem and the air supply subsystem into electric energy, an anode outlet and a cathode outlet of the fuel cell are both communicated with a gas inlet of the combustion device, a gas outlet of the combustion device is communicated with the first turbine, an outlet end of the first turbine is communicated with the hydrogen supply subsystem, and the first turbine can transfer heat generated during operation to the hydrogen supply subsystem to provide energy for the hydrogen supply subsystem. The invention realizes the repeated use of the heat and the pressure of the gas; the consumption of external energy is reduced, the energy utilization rate of the system and the heat energy generated in the power generation process of the fuel cell are effectively improved, and the total energy output of the system is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of clean energy equipment, in particular to a hydrogen/ammonia fuel energy system for coupling a fuel cell and a gas turbine.
Background
Hydrogen is one of the cleanest energy sources accepted in the 21 st century, but its use is limited by the characteristic of being difficult to store and transport. Under the large-age background of planning hydrogen energy strategic layout of various countries worldwide, the hydrogen-rich substance ammonia is used as a carrier of hydrogen energy, so that the problem that the hydrogen energy is not suitable for storage and transportation is solved, the threshold of hydrogen energy application is reduced, the development of the hydrogen energy is promoted, and an intelligent solution for realizing green and high-efficiency world energy patterns is realized. A fuel cell is a power generation device that converts chemical energy of fuel into electric energy, and the fuel cell can release a large amount of heat for power during the conversion process, so that a fuel cell system using ammonia or hydrogen as fuel becomes a power generation device that can replace a conventional diesel engine and continue propulsion. However, the existing fuel cell mainly utilizes chemical energy of hydrogen energy to generate electricity, and the electricity generation process generates larger heat which cannot be reused, so that larger energy waste exists, and the energy efficiency is low.
Chinese patent CN114899450a discloses a fuel cell system with a gas turbocharger, comprising a gas turbocharger, a fuel cell reactor, a burner, a hydrogen storage tank and a power cell, wherein the gas turbocharger comprises a compressor and a turbine, the compressor is connected with the gas inlet end of the fuel cell reactor, the turbine is connected with the burner, the burner is connected with the gas outlet end of the fuel cell and the hydrogen gas outlet end of the fuel cell, the power cell is connected with the fuel cell reactor, and the hydrogen storage tank is connected with the hydrogen gas inlet end of the fuel cell. The fuel cell system with the gas turbocharger burns tail gas exhausted by the fuel cell, the turbine is driven by energy after combustion to do work, the air compressor is driven by the turbine to absorb air, and the absorbed high-pressure air is led into the fuel cell to generate electricity, so that the output efficiency of the fuel cell system is improved. However, in the process of turbine work and power generation of the fuel cell, gas with higher heat is generated, and a large amount of heat energy is released and cannot be effectively utilized, so that larger energy consumption and energy waste of the system are caused, and the overall energy efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of large energy consumption and energy waste caused by the fact that heat energy or electric energy generated in the power generation process of a fuel cell system cannot be effectively utilized, low overall energy utilization efficiency and the like in the prior art, the hydrogen/ammonia fuel energy system which is high in productivity efficiency, capable of effectively utilizing energy generated in the system while running, low in energy consumption and high in output power and capable of coupling an ammonia fuel cell and a gas turbine is provided.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a hydrogen/ammonia fuel energy system coupling a fuel cell and a gas turbine, comprising a hydrogen supply subsystem, an air supply subsystem, a fuel cell, a combustion device and a first turbine, the hydrogen supply subsystem being in communication with an anode inlet of the fuel cell, the air supply subsystem being in communication with a cathode inlet of the fuel cell, the fuel cell being for converting chemical energy of gases introduced from the hydrogen supply subsystem and the air supply subsystem into electrical energy, an anode outlet and a cathode outlet of the fuel cell both being in communication with a gas inlet of the combustion device; a gas outlet of the combustion device is communicated with the first turbine, and the combustion device can burn the gas discharged from the anode outlet and the cathode outlet of the fuel cell and guide the burned gas into the first turbine; the exhaust port of the first turbine is in communication with the hydrogen supply subsystem, and the first turbine is capable of transferring heat generated during operation to the hydrogen supply subsystem.
The hydrogen supply subsystem comprises an ammonia storage device, a vaporizer, a first heat exchanger, an ammonia decomposition reactor, a cooler, a compressor and a deamination device, wherein the ammonia storage device, the vaporizer, the first heat exchanger and a first inlet of the ammonia decomposition reactor are sequentially communicated, a heat exchange outlet of the first heat exchanger is communicated with the cooler, the cooler is sequentially communicated with the compressor and the deamination device, a desorption outlet of the deamination device is communicated with an anode inlet of the fuel cell, and the first heat exchanger is used for transferring heat of mixed gas decomposed by the ammonia decomposition reactor to ammonia discharged by the vaporizer.
Preferably, a hydrogen-nitrogen separator is arranged between the deamination device and the anode inlet of the fuel cell, and the separation outlet of the hydrogen-nitrogen separator is also communicated with the combustion device.
The fuel cell is characterized in that an air flow distribution subsystem is arranged between the fuel cell and the combustion device, the air flow distribution subsystem comprises an air flow distributor, a refrigerating device, a second heat exchanger and a waste heat utilization device, a cathode outlet of the fuel cell is communicated with the air flow distributor, a second distribution outlet of the air flow distributor is communicated with the refrigerating device, a first distribution outlet of the air flow distributor is communicated with the second heat exchanger, a heat exchange outlet of the second heat exchanger opposite to the air flow distributor is communicated with the combustion device, and another heat exchange outlet of the second heat exchanger is communicated with the waste heat utilization device.
The exhaust port of the first turbine is communicated with the second inlet of the ammonia decomposition reactor to provide heat for the decomposition reaction of ammonia, the heated and decomposed gas with higher temperature is discharged from the second outlet of the ammonia decomposition reactor, the second outlet of the ammonia decomposition reactor is communicated with the second heat exchanger, and the gas generated by the first turbine after heat exchange is discharged from the second heat exchanger and then enters the waste heat utilization device.
Or the hydrogen supply subsystem comprises a hydrogen storage device, a first heat exchanger and a second turbine, and the hydrogen storage device is sequentially communicated with the first heat exchanger, the second turbine and an anode inlet of the fuel cell in series.
A second heat exchanger is disposed between the cathode outlet of the fuel cell and the combustion device, the second heat exchanger also being in communication with the first turbine for transferring heat from the gas exiting the first turbine to the gas exiting the cathode outlet of the fuel cell.
The air supply subsystem comprises an air supply device, a first air compressor and a second air compressor, wherein the air supply device is sequentially connected with the first air compressor and the second air compressor in series, and the second air compressor is communicated with a cathode inlet of the fuel cell.
The first turbine is in transmission connection with the second compressor and is used for driving the second compressor to increase the pressure of air at the cathode of the fuel cell; the second turbine is in transmission connection with the first compressor and is used for further driving the first compressor to increase the pressure of air at the cathode of the fuel cell.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
according to the invention, after the hydrogen supply subsystem and the air supply subsystem are respectively communicated with the anode inlet and the cathode inlet of the fuel cell, the anode outlet and the cathode outlet of the fuel cell are simultaneously communicated with the combustion device, the combusted gas is used for acting by the turbine, and then the gas generated after the acting by the turbine is led into the ammonia decomposition reactor or the heat exchanger for re-application of gas heat, so that the requirement and consumption of external energy are reduced, the energy utilization rate of the system and the heat energy generated in the power generation process of the fuel cell are effectively improved, and the total energy output of the system is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required for the embodiments will be briefly described, and it will be apparent that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention and that other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a hydrogen/ammonia fuel energy system of the present invention coupling a fuel cell and a gas turbine;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the hydrogen/ammonia fuel energy system of the present invention coupling a fuel cell and a gas turbine.
The figures are identified as follows:
1-hydrogen supply subsystem, 11-ammonia storage device, 12-vaporizer, 13-first heat exchanger, 14-ammonia decomposition reactor, 141-first inlet, 142-first outlet, 143-second inlet, 144-second outlet, 15-cooler, 16-compressor, 17-deamination device, 18-hydrogen-nitrogen separator, 19-hydrogen storage device, 110-second turbine;
2-air supply subsystem, 21-air supply device, 22-first compressor, 23-second compressor;
3-fuel cell, 31-anode inlet, 32-anode outlet, 33-cathode inlet, 34-cathode outlet;
4-combustion means;
5-a first turbine;
6-air flow distribution subsystem, 61-air flow distributor, 611-first distribution outlet, 612-second distribution outlet, 62-refrigeration device, 63-second heat exchanger, 64-waste heat utilization device;
7-fuel storage tank.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a hydrogen/ammonia fuel energy system coupling a fuel cell and a gas turbine, comprising a hydrogen supply subsystem 1, an air supply subsystem 2, a fuel cell 3, a combustion device 4 and a first turbine 5. The hydrogen supply subsystem 1 communicates with an anode inlet 31 of the fuel cell 3 for supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell 3; the air supply subsystem 2 communicates with a cathode inlet 33 of the fuel cell 3 for providing air to the fuel cell 3; the fuel cell 3 is for converting chemical energy of the gas introduced from the hydrogen supply subsystem 1 and the air supply subsystem 2 into electric energy, the anode outlet 32 and the cathode outlet 34 of the fuel cell 3 are both communicated with the gas inlet of the combustion device 4, the gas outlet of the combustion device 4 is communicated with the first turbine 5, the combustion device 4 is for combusting the gas discharged from the anode outlet 32 and the cathode outlet 34 of the fuel cell 3, and the combusted mixed gas is introduced into the first turbine 5 for the first turbine 5 to perform work. The outlet end of the first turbine 5 communicates with the hydrogen supply subsystem 1, and the first turbine 5 is capable of transferring heat generated during operation to the hydrogen supply subsystem 1 to power the hydrogen supply subsystem 1.
Further, the hydrogen supply subsystem 1 comprises an ammonia storage device 11, a vaporizer 12, a first heat exchanger 13, an ammonia decomposition reactor 14, a cooler 15, a compressor 16, a deamination device 17 and a hydrogen-nitrogen separator 18, wherein the ammonia storage device 11 is communicated with one end of the vaporizer 12, the other end of the vaporizer 12 is communicated with a first heat exchange inlet of the first heat exchanger 13, a first heat exchange outlet of the first heat exchanger 13 is communicated with a first inlet of the ammonia decomposition reactor 14, and the vaporizer 12 can carry out primary vaporization heating on liquid ammonia introduced by the ammonia storage device 11 so as to heat and vaporize the liquid ammonia to form ammonia; the vaporized ammonia gas enters the first heat exchanger 13 through the first heat exchange inlet of the first heat exchanger 13 to be heated so as to reach the temperature required by ammonia decomposition.
The first outlet 142 of the ammonia decomposition reactor 14 is communicated with the second heat exchange inlet of the first heat exchanger 13, and the ammonia decomposition reactor 14 can decompose the heated ammonia gas introduced from the first heat exchange outlet of the first heat exchanger 13 to generate a mixed gas containing hydrogen, nitrogen and a small amount of ammonia gas; the generated mixed gas is discharged from the first outlet 141 of the ammonia decomposition reactor 14 and enters the second heat exchange inlet of the first heat exchanger 13, and the first heat exchanger 13 can transfer the heat of the mixed gas decomposed by the ammonia decomposition reactor 14 to the ammonia gas discharged from the ammonia storage device 11 so as to raise the temperature of the ammonia gas and promote the ammonia gas to reach the temperature required by ammonia decomposition more quickly, thereby improving the decomposition effect and reaction efficiency of the subsequent ammonia gas, reducing the consumption of external energy by ammonia decomposition and better utilizing the energy generated in the ammonia decomposition process. Meanwhile, the heat of the mixed gas is reduced, so that the mixed gas can be cooled more quickly and compressed subsequently, and the overall production efficiency of the system is improved. The mixed gas subjected to heat exchange is discharged out of the first heat exchanger 13 through a second heat exchange outlet of the first heat exchanger 13, wherein the second heat exchange outlet of the first heat exchanger 13 is communicated with the cooler 15, and the mixed gas subjected to heat exchange discharged from the second heat exchange outlet is introduced into the cooler 15 for further cooling so as to continuously reduce the temperature of the mixed gas for subsequent compression. One end of the cooler 15 opposite to the first heat exchanger 13 is communicated with a compressor 16, the compressor 16 is communicated with a deamination device 17, and the mixed gas compressed by the compressor 165 enters the deamination device 17 to primarily remove unreacted ammonia in the mixed gas so as to ensure the operation and power generation of a subsequent fuel cell. The first desorption outlet of the deamination device 17 is communicated with the hydrogen-nitrogen separator 18, the second desorption outlet of the deamination device 17 is communicated with the combustion device 4, the deamination device 17 can desorb ammonia in the compressed mixed gas, and the desorbed hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas is led into the hydrogen-nitrogen separator 18 through the first desorption outlet so as to separate hydrogen and nitrogen in the mixed gas and generate electricity of a subsequent fuel cell. The first separation outlet of the hydrogen-nitrogen separator 18 is communicated with the combustion device 4, the second separation outlet of the hydrogen-nitrogen separator 18 is communicated with the anode inlet 31 of the fuel cell 3, the purified hydrogen and nitrogen in the mixed gas after being separated by the hydrogen-nitrogen separator 18 enters the anode inlet 31 of the fuel cell 3, and the residual gas in the mixed gas after being separated by the hydrogen-nitrogen separator 18 enters the combustion device 4 for combustion.
The air supply subsystem 2 comprises an air supply device 21 and a first compressor 22, the air supply device 21 and the first compressor 22 are mutually communicated, the air supply device 21 is used for providing air to the first compressor 22, the first compressor 22 is also communicated with a cathode inlet 33 of the fuel cell 3, and the first compressor 22 is used for compressing the air and then guiding the compressed air into the fuel cell 3 for reaction. Specifically, the hydrogen gas separated by the hydrogen-nitrogen separator 18 is discharged at the anode of the fuel cell 3, and the remaining unreacted hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas are discharged out of the fuel cell 3 through the anode outlet 32 of the fuel cell 3. Oxygen in the air compressed by the first compressor 22 is discharged at the cathode of the fuel cell 3 to generate water, and the generated water and unreacted air after the power generation are discharged from the cathode outlet 34 of the fuel cell 3.
In order to further utilize the exhaust gas of the fuel cell 3, thereby improving the overall energy output efficiency and energy utilization rate of the system, reducing the exhaust gas emission of the system, and achieving the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction, the cathode outlet 34 of the fuel cell 3 is communicated with the gas flow distribution subsystem 6, the gas flow distribution subsystem 6 comprises a gas flow distributor 61, a refrigerating device 62, a second heat exchanger 63 and a waste heat utilization device 64, one end of the gas flow distributor 61 is communicated with the cathode outlet 34 of the fuel cell 3, the other end of the gas flow distributor 61 opposite to the cathode outlet 34 of the fuel cell 3 is communicated with the second heat exchanger 63, and the gas flow distributor 61 is used for redistributing nitrogen, unreacted hydrogen, water and partial air discharged from the cathode outlet 34 of the fuel cell 3. The gas flow distributor 61 includes a first distribution outlet 611 and a second distribution outlet 612, the first distribution outlet 611 being in communication with the second heat exchanger 63, the second distribution outlet 612 being in communication with the refrigeration device 62, the gas flow distributor 61 discharging a portion of the unreacted complete hydrogen and nitrogen through the first distribution outlet 611 into the second heat exchanger 63, the gas flow distributor 61 discharging the remaining gas and water from the second distribution outlet 612 and into the refrigeration device 62. Specifically, the refrigeration device 62 is an absorption refrigeration device, and the absorption refrigeration device is used for recovering residual heat in residual gas and water, and then forming cold energy for the application of subsequent terminal equipment. The second heat exchanger 63 is used for further heating the hydrogen and nitrogen remaining after being redistributed by the airflow distributor 61 for the combustion of the subsequent mixed gas, and simultaneously reduces the energy required by the combustion device 4 for combusting the gas, reduces the energy consumption of the system, and improves the energy utilization rate of the system. One heat exchange outlet of the second heat exchanger 63 is communicated with the combustion device 4, the other heat exchange outlet of the second heat exchanger 63 is communicated with the waste heat utilization device 64, and the mixed gas subjected to heat exchange of the second heat exchanger 63 is discharged from the second heat exchanger 63 and enters the combustion device 4 for combustion. More specifically, the combustion device 4 is capable of performing mixed combustion of the ammonia gas discharged from the second desorption outlet passing through the deamination device 17 and the unreacted hydrogen and nitrogen mixed gas discharged from the anode outlet 32 of the fuel cell 3 and generating heat.
In order to better promote combustion of the combustion device 4 and thereby increase the heat energy generated by the combustion device 4 for system applications, the combustion device 4 is also in communication with a fuel reservoir 7, the fuel reservoir 7 being used to provide fuel to the combustion device 4 during combustion to increase the combustion efficiency of the combustion device 4 so that the combustion device 4 is able to fully combust the gas. The combustion outlet of the combustion device 4 communicates with the first turbine 5, and when the combustion device 4 burns the gas introduced, the combustion outlet of the combustion device 4 generates a gas having a relatively high temperature, for example, a gas of 600 to 700 ℃. The combustion device 4 guides the combusted gas into the first turbine 5 and drives the first turbine 5 to do work by using the combusted gas, and drives a generator communicated with the first turbine 5 to operate and generate electric energy by the work of the first turbine 5.
The first turbine 5 is in transmission communication with the compressor 15, and the first turbine 5 is capable of driving the compressor 15 to operate by functioning so that the compressor 15 compresses the mixed gas subjected to heat exchange and cooling, thus reducing the external energy required by the operation of the compressor 15, and improving the energy utilization rate generated by the first turbine 5 and the whole system.
The exhaust port of the first turbine 5 is communicated with the second inlet of the ammonia decomposition reactor 3, and the gas with higher heat after the first turbine 5 works can be introduced into the second inlet of the ammonia decomposition reactor 3 through the exhaust port of the first turbine 5 so as to provide heat for the decomposition reaction of ammonia gas, thereby promoting the ammonia gas to be more completely decomposed by heating, generating hydrogen and nitrogen, improving the decomposition effect of the ammonia decomposition reactor 3, and the heated gas with higher temperature is discharged from the second outlet of the ammonia decomposition reactor 3. The second outlet of the ammonia decomposition reactor 3 is communicated with the second heat exchanger 63, the heat-exchanged gas discharged from the second outlet of the ammonia decomposition reactor 3 is introduced into the second heat exchanger 63, and the second heat exchanger 63 can transfer the heat of the heat-exchanged gas to the unreacted complete hydrogen and nitrogen discharged from the gas flow distributor 61, so that the temperature rise of the hydrogen and the nitrogen is promoted, the hydrogen and the ammonia can reach the combustion temperature more quickly, the energy required by the combustion of the combustion device 4 is reduced, and the energy utilization efficiency of the system is further improved. The gas generated by the first turbine 5 after heat exchange is discharged from the second heat exchanger 63 and enters the waste heat utilization device 64, and the waste heat utilization device 64 reutilizes the residual heat in the gas after heat exchange, so that the overall energy utilization rate of the system is improved, the energy consumption of the system is reduced, and the energy output efficiency of the system is improved.
In order to better improve the efficiency in the ammonia decomposition process and reduce the energy consumption in the ammonia decomposition process, the fuel cell 3 is thermally connected with the vaporizer 12, the first air compressor 22 is thermally connected with the vaporizer 12, and the heat generated in the operation process of the fuel cell 3 and the first air compressor 22 can be transferred to the vaporizer 12 for vaporizing the liquid ammonia by the vaporizer 12 to form ammonia gas, so that the heat required by the subsequent ammonia decomposition reactor 3 for decomposing the ammonia gas is reduced, the energy consumption of the system is reduced, and the ammonia decomposition efficiency is improved.
As shown in fig. 2, the present application also discloses another hydrogen/ammonia fuel energy system coupling a fuel cell and a gas turbine, wherein the hydrogen supply subsystem 1 comprises a hydrogen storage device 19, a first heat exchanger 13 and a second turbine 110, the hydrogen storage device 19, the first heat exchanger 13 and the second turbine 110 are sequentially connected in series, an outlet of the second turbine 110 is communicated with an anode inlet 31 of the fuel cell 3, and the hydrogen storage device 19 can drive the second turbine 110 to operate by introducing hydrogen into the second turbine 110. The air supply subsystem 2 comprises an air supply 21, a first compressor 22 and a second compressor 23, the air supply 21 being connected in series with the first compressor 22 and the second compressor 23 in turn, the second compressor 23 being also in communication with the cathode inlet 33 of the fuel cell 3.
The anode outlet 32 of the fuel cell 3 is communicated with the combustion device 4, the cathode outlet 34 of the fuel cell 3 is communicated with the second heat exchanger 63, the second heat exchanger 63 is also communicated with the combustion device 4, the gas discharged from the anode outlet 32 of the fuel cell 3 can directly enter the combustion device 4 for combustion, the gas discharged from the cathode outlet 34 of the fuel cell 3 firstly enters the second heat exchanger 63 for heating, then is discharged from the second heat exchanger 63 into the combustion device 4, and the combustion device 4 heats and combusts the gas discharged from the anode outlet 32 of the fuel cell 3 and the gas heated by the second heat exchanger 63 together to generate mixed combustion gas with higher temperature. The combustion outlet of the combustion device 4 is communicated with the first turbine 5, the combustion gas after being combusted by the combustion device 4 enters the first turbine 5 and drives the first turbine 5 to work, wherein the outlet of the first turbine 5 is communicated with the second heat exchanger 63, the gas after being subjected to work by the first turbine 5 is discharged from the first turbine 5 and then enters the second heat exchanger 63, and the second heat exchanger 64 can transfer the heat of the gas discharged from the first turbine 5 to the gas discharged from the cathode outlet 34 of the fuel cell 3, so that the temperature of the gas discharged from the cathode outlet 34 of the combustion device 4 is increased, the gas can be heated up more quickly and reaches the combustion temperature, the heat required by the combustion of the subsequent combustion device 4 is reduced, and the energy consumption of the system is reduced while the energy of the system is effectively utilized.
In order to further utilize the heat generated by the system, the first turbine 5 is also communicated with the first heat exchanger 13, the gas exhausted from the turbine 5 is introduced into the first heat exchanger 13, and the first heat exchanger 13 can transfer the heat of the gas exhausted from the first turbine 5 to the hydrogen exhausted from the hydrogen storage device 19 so as to raise the temperature of the hydrogen, so that the hydrogen can better drive the second turbine 110 to do work to raise the energy output by the system.
The first turbine 5 is in driving communication with the second compressor 23, the second turbine 110 is in driving communication with the first compressor 22, and the first turbine 5 is also in thermal communication with the hydrogen storage device 19. The first turbine 5 is capable of transferring the generated energy to the second compressor 23 during the working process to increase the pressure in the second compressor 23, so as to drive the correspondingly connected first compressor 22 to suck air into the first compressor 22 for compression, so as to be used for being subsequently led into the fuel cell 3 for generating electricity. The second turbine 110 can transfer the generated energy to the first compressor 22 to increase the pressure of the air at the cathode inlet 33 of the fuel cell 3 during the working process, so that the need for driving the second compressor 23 to absorb air by using external electric energy is reduced, and the heat generated by the first turbine 5 is reintroduced into the hydrogen storage device 19 for heating the hydrogen, so that the hydrogen can be better used for the working of the second turbine 110, the residual heat and residual pressure generated in the system are effectively applied, and the consumption of external energy is reduced.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While obvious variations or modifications are contemplated as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A hydrogen/ammonia fuel energy system coupling a fuel cell and a gas turbine, comprising a hydrogen supply subsystem (1), an air supply subsystem (2), a fuel cell (3), a combustion device (4) and a first turbine (5), characterized in that: the hydrogen supply subsystem (1) is communicated with an anode inlet (31) of the fuel cell (3), the air supply subsystem (2) is communicated with a cathode inlet (33) of the fuel cell (3), the fuel cell (3) is used for converting chemical energy of gas introduced from the hydrogen supply subsystem (1) and the air supply subsystem (2) into electric energy, and an anode outlet (32) and a cathode outlet (34) of the fuel cell (3) are both communicated with a gas inlet of the combustion device (4); the gas outlet of the combustion device (4) is communicated with the first turbine (5), and the combustion device (4) can burn the gas discharged from the anode outlet (32) and the cathode outlet (34) of the fuel cell (3) and guide the burned gas into the first turbine (5); the exhaust port of the first turbine (5) is in communication with the hydrogen supply subsystem (1), the first turbine (5) being capable of transferring heat generated during operation to the hydrogen supply subsystem (1).
2. The hydrogen/ammonia fuel energy system of the coupled fuel cell and gas turbine of claim 1, wherein: the hydrogen supply subsystem (1) comprises an ammonia storage device (11), a vaporizer (12), a first heat exchanger (13), an ammonia decomposition reactor (14), a cooler (15), a compressor (16) and a deamination device (17), wherein the ammonia storage device (11), the vaporizer (12), the first heat exchanger (13) and a first inlet of the ammonia decomposition reactor (14) are sequentially communicated, a heat exchange outlet of the first heat exchanger (13) is communicated with the cooler (15), the cooler (15) is sequentially communicated with the compressor (16) and the deamination device (17), a desorption outlet of the deamination device (17) is communicated with an anode inlet (31) of the fuel cell (3), and the first heat exchanger (13) is used for transferring heat of mixed gas decomposed by the ammonia decomposition reactor (14) to ammonia discharged by the vaporizer (12).
3. The hydrogen/ammonia fuel energy system of the coupled fuel cell and gas turbine of claim 2, wherein: a hydrogen-nitrogen separator (18) is arranged between the deamination device (17) and an anode inlet (31) of the fuel cell (3), and a separation outlet of the hydrogen-nitrogen separator (18) is also communicated with the combustion device (4).
4. The hydrogen/ammonia fuel energy system of the coupled fuel cell and gas turbine of claim 1, wherein: an air flow distribution subsystem (6) is arranged between the fuel cell (3) and the combustion device (4), the air flow distribution subsystem (6) comprises an air flow distributor (61), a refrigerating device (62), a second heat exchanger (63) and a waste heat utilization device (64), a cathode outlet (34) of the fuel cell (3) is communicated with the air flow distributor (61), a second distribution outlet (612) of the air flow distributor (61) is communicated with the refrigerating device (62), a first distribution outlet (611) of the air flow distributor (61) is communicated with the second heat exchanger (63), a heat exchange outlet of the second heat exchanger (63) opposite to the air flow distributor (61) is communicated with the combustion device (4), and another heat exchange outlet of the second heat exchanger (63) is communicated with the waste heat utilization device (64).
5. The hydrogen/ammonia fuel energy system of the coupled fuel cell and gas turbine of claim 4, wherein: the exhaust port of the first turbine (5) is communicated with the second inlet (143) of the ammonia decomposition reactor (14) to provide heat for the decomposition reaction of ammonia, the gas with higher temperature after heating decomposition is discharged from the second outlet (144) of the ammonia decomposition reactor (14), the second outlet (144) of the ammonia decomposition reactor (14) is communicated with the second heat exchanger (63), and the gas generated by the first turbine (5) after heat exchange is discharged from the second heat exchanger (63) and then enters the waste heat utilization device (64).
6. The hydrogen/ammonia fuel energy system of the coupled fuel cell and gas turbine of claim 1, wherein: the hydrogen supply subsystem comprises a hydrogen storage device (19), a first heat exchanger (13) and a second turbine (110), wherein the hydrogen storage device (19) is sequentially connected in series with the first heat exchanger (13), the second turbine (110) and an anode inlet (31) of the fuel cell (3).
7. The hydrogen/ammonia fuel energy system of the coupled fuel cell and gas turbine of claim 6, wherein: a second heat exchanger (63) is arranged between the cathode outlet (34) of the fuel cell (3) and the combustion device (4), and the second heat exchanger (63) is also communicated with the first turbine (5) for transferring heat of the gas discharged from the first turbine (5) to the gas discharged from the cathode outlet (34) of the fuel cell (3).
8. The hydrogen/ammonia fuel energy system of the coupled fuel cell and gas turbine of claim 6, wherein: the air supply subsystem (2) comprises an air supply device (21), a first air compressor (22) and a second air compressor (23), wherein the air supply device (21) is sequentially connected with the first air compressor (22) and the second air compressor (23) in series, and the second air compressor (23) is communicated with a cathode inlet (32) of the fuel cell (3).
9. The hydrogen/ammonia fuel energy system of claim 8, wherein the fuel cell and the gas turbine are coupled together, wherein: the first turbine (5) is in transmission connection with the second compressor (23) and is used for driving the second compressor (23) to increase the pressure of air at the cathode of the fuel cell (3); the second turbine (110) is in driving connection with the first compressor (22) for further driving the first compressor (22) to increase the pressure of the air at the cathode of the fuel cell (3).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410069246.8A CN117747887A (en) | 2024-01-17 | 2024-01-17 | Hydrogen/ammonia fuel energy system coupling fuel cell and gas turbine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410069246.8A CN117747887A (en) | 2024-01-17 | 2024-01-17 | Hydrogen/ammonia fuel energy system coupling fuel cell and gas turbine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117747887A true CN117747887A (en) | 2024-03-22 |
Family
ID=90251015
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410069246.8A Pending CN117747887A (en) | 2024-01-17 | 2024-01-17 | Hydrogen/ammonia fuel energy system coupling fuel cell and gas turbine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117747887A (en) |
-
2024
- 2024-01-17 CN CN202410069246.8A patent/CN117747887A/en active Pending
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN113540541B (en) | SOFC (solid oxide Fuel cell) using ammonia water as fuel, and cascade power generation system and operation method thereof | |
| CN110849023B (en) | Combined cooling, heating and power system and method for compressed air and thermochemical coupling energy storage | |
| CN113889648B (en) | MW-level combined heat and power supply fuel cell power station | |
| CN111933971B (en) | Solid oxide fuel cell hybrid energy storage power generation system | |
| CN212685887U (en) | Comprehensive energy supply system for green ships | |
| CN102456897A (en) | Combined electricity-heat-cold supply system based on fuel cell | |
| CN112031935B (en) | Multistage backheating fuel cell and gas turbine hybrid power generation system based on plasma catalysis | |
| CN111942137A (en) | Hybrid power system for automobile, using method thereof and automobile using same | |
| CN109723557B (en) | Oxygen-enriched combustion carbon dioxide power generation system integrating solar methane dry reforming | |
| CN111649328A (en) | Natural gas heating furnace system and method applied to molten carbonate fuel cell | |
| CN111384782A (en) | Clean energy storage system and energy storage method | |
| CN108167086B (en) | High-pressure oxygen-enriched combustion Stirling power generation system and control method thereof | |
| KR102602831B1 (en) | Hybrid system of fuel cell | |
| CN117747887A (en) | Hydrogen/ammonia fuel energy system coupling fuel cell and gas turbine | |
| CN111525154B (en) | Fuel cell and heat engine hybrid power generation system and working method thereof | |
| CN212559456U (en) | Thermoelectric generation self-powered methanol-water reforming hydrogen production machine | |
| CN112833416B (en) | Air separation energy storage coupling oxygen-enriched combustion carbon capture integrated system and method for thermal power plant | |
| CN212667106U (en) | Fuel oil and fuel cell hybrid power system and automobile using same | |
| CN210861803U (en) | Hundred KW-MW grade SOFC cold and hot electric system of compact | |
| CN111908423A (en) | Thermoelectric power generation coupling methanol-water reforming hydrogen production power generation system | |
| CN117810494A (en) | Ammonia fuel cell system and power generation method | |
| CN218731103U (en) | Fuel cell and vehicle that tail was recycled | |
| CN218934567U (en) | Ammonia fuel gas turbine power generation system based on indirect cooling circulation and chemical backheating | |
| CN117936852A (en) | Direct ammonia fuel cell system | |
| CN220673403U (en) | Multi-energy co-supply system of data center |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |