CN115794644A - Real-time hybrid test method based on single-test-piece restart multi-task loading - Google Patents
Real-time hybrid test method based on single-test-piece restart multi-task loading Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a real-time hybrid test method based on single-test-piece restart multi-task loading. The method comprises the steps of sequentially loading a plurality of initial moment loading targets obtained by calculation through a test piece by a test loading system until test substructures are loaded completely, feeding test data obtained after loading completely back to a numerical simulation system to obtain real-time loading targets and/or updating numerical test substructure models, performing precision comparison to obtain cut-off loading targets, sending the real-time loading targets and/or the cut-off loading targets to the test loading system, sequentially loading the test piece, and resetting the test object until the process of judging the precision of the test object is completed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention particularly relates to a real-time hybrid test method based on single-test-piece restart multi-task loading.
Background
The mixed test is to accurately simulate a numerical simulation part which is easy to simulate simply and accurately by a numerical method and a non-numerical part which is difficult to simulate simply and accurately by the numerical method by an experimental method, so that the test cost can be saved, the efficiency can be improved, the structural vibration or the dynamic performance can be accurately simulated, and on the basis, for the structure with dynamic characteristics needing to be researched, the numerical substructure and the test substructure are required to be coupled in parallel, online, synchronous and real-time by the same time step length to complete the dynamic analysis or the performance evaluation of a research object. However, in order to ensure the accuracy, the numerical substructure often needs more refined calculation, which is easy to cause the problem of time lag, so that the restart mode can be used for both the hybrid test and the perfect solution of the problem of time lag, but the restart is carried out from the first step of the test each time, which can definitely ensure the accuracy of the test, but when the total loading time is long and the loading is carried out to the middle and later stages, the influence of the loading target in the initial stage on the loading in the current stage is very small, so that the first step of the test for each time can increase unnecessary test cost and waste of manpower and material resources. Meanwhile, when the substructures to be tested are the same but different in stress conditions, a series of conditions which are not beneficial to the test, such as huge test cost increase, difficulty in meeting the requirements on laboratory loading conditions and the like, can be realized by adopting a plurality of test substructures to simultaneously carry out loading, specifically, for a complex structure, a nonlinear part is usually taken as the test substructures to carry out a real physical loading test in the conventional mixed test, and the rest linear parts are taken as the numerical substructures to carry out modeling analysis. When a plurality of nonlinear members are present in a structure, there are generally two test methods, respectively:
one is conventional real-time mixed test, a plurality of test pieces need to be synchronously tested and loaded in real time, and the problem of asynchronous loading is inevitable in the loading process due to different time lags existing in each test loading system, so that the test failure can be finally caused.
And the other is a model updating mixed test, wherein one nonlinear component is taken as a test substructure, and the rest parts are taken as numerical substructures. The difference is that the numerical nonlinear part and the test substructure have similar resilience characteristics, the same constitutive model can be used for description, and the constitutive model is updated on line by using real-time loading feedback data of the test substructure, so that many scholars perform many researches in a model updating method, but due to inaccuracy of the constitutive model, the test still has defects in data during the test process, and the subsequent accurate calculation cannot be facilitated.
In a word, the problems existing in the conventional mixing test are mainly reflected in that the test precision is difficult to ensure when the simplified model is subjected to numerical simulation; although more test subdomains are marked out from the whole research object to perform the test to more accurately reflect the dynamic response of the structure, the requirements on the cost, the workload and the laboratory test environment of the corresponding test are high, and higher requirements are put forward; a numerical model of an integral structure and a numerical model of a physical substructure are established based on a hybrid test of model updating, although constitutive parameters are corrected on line according to test data continuously, the problem of asynchronous time lag is still hard to avoid, and the numerical simulation result has larger errors inevitably.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, a real-time hybrid test method based on single-test-piece restart multi-task loading is provided so as to solve the problems.
A real-time mixed test method based on single-test-piece restart multi-task loading is characterized in that a plurality of initial moment loading targets obtained through calculation are sequentially loaded through a test loading system by a test piece until test substructures are all loaded, test data measured after loading is fed back to a numerical simulation system to be calculated to obtain real-time loading targets and/or update numerical test substructure models, accuracy comparison is carried out to obtain cut-off loading targets, the real-time loading targets and/or the cut-off loading targets are/is sent to the test loading system, the test piece is sequentially loaded, and test objects are reset until the process of judging the accuracy of the test objects is completed.
As a preferable scheme: the process of sequentially loading the plurality of initial moment loading targets obtained by calculation through one test piece by the test loading system until the test substructures are loaded completely is a process of sequentially loading the plurality of test substructures of the single initial moment loading target according to the respective loading targets by the same set of loading device, so that multi-task loading is realized.
As a preferable scheme: the process of feeding back test data measured after loading to a numerical simulation system to obtain a real-time loading target through calculation is that after each step of loading is completed by a single initial moment loading target, the accuracy of the current step of loading target is verified through the previous step of loading target of each test substructure, when the accuracy of the current step of loading target realization does not meet the test requirements, the test substructure of the current step of loading target which does not meet the test requirements is reloaded, the test loading system and the test object are reset after loading, and the like until all the test substructures meet the precision requirements.
As a preferable scheme: the process of obtaining the truncation loading target after the numerical test substructure model is updated to carry out precision comparison is that after the loading target finishes one-step loading at a single initial moment, the simulation result of the numerical test substructure learned by using the long and short term memory network is compared with the test result of the test substructure of the current-step loading target, when the test result of the test substructure of the current-step loading target reaches the precision requirement, the loading target is incessantly truncated until the calculation result of the counter force at the current moment is not influenced and the truncation loading target is output, and when the test result of the test substructure of the current-step loading target does not reach the precision requirement, the model is continuously updated by using new test data and the precision comparison process is carried out again.
As a preferable scheme: the realization process of the truncation loading target is a process of firstly establishing a long-short term memory network system structure with m long-short term memory network layers and a plurality of full connection layers, then establishing a numerical model of a test substructure through finite elements, inputting different excitation actions to obtain corresponding reaction responses, taking the different excitation actions as input, taking the reaction responses in the different excitation actions as output, and establishing a training data set to train the long-short term memory network system structure.
As a preferable scheme: the real-time mixing test method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, establishing a numerical model of a numerical substructure of a prototype structure and a numerical model of a test substructure at an initial moment, and obtaining a loading target at the initial moment through a numerical simulation system;
step two, sending the loading target obtained in the step one to a test loading system;
thirdly, the test loading system loads the test substructure according to the loading target of the first test substructure, resets the test loading system and the test object after loading, loads the test substructure according to the loading target of the second test substructure, resets the test loading system and the test object after loading, and so on until all the required test substructures are loaded, and resets the test loading system and the test object;
feeding back test data measured by the test loading system to the numerical simulation system, comparing the simulation result of the test substructure numerical model with the test result and updating the numerical model of the test substructure;
when the comparison between the simulation result of the test substructure numerical model and the test result meets the precision requirement, the loading target is continuously intercepted until the calculation result of the counter force at the current moment is not influenced, and the intercepting loading target is output;
step six, entering the next moment, and combining the received test data by the numerical simulation system to obtain a loading target at the moment;
step seven, sending the received cut-off loading target to a test loading system for sequential loading, and resetting the test piece until all the needed test substructures are loaded;
step eight, verifying the accuracy of the current-step loading target by respectively using the previous-step loading targets of the test substructures, reloading the non-compliant test substructures in the current step if the loading targets are not compliant, resetting the test loading system and the test object after loading, and repeating the steps until all the test substructures meet the precision requirement;
and repeating the fourth step to the eighth step until the test is completed.
As a preferable scheme: the real-time hybrid test method is a real-time hybrid test which is carried out by taking a high-rise vibration reduction structure loaded based on multiple restarting tasks as a prototype structure, and the real-time hybrid test comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a finite element model of a seven-layer frame structure, and calculating to obtain loading targets of 6 seismic isolation supports by the finite element model under external load and initial conditions, assuming that the counter forces of the test substructures at the initial moment are all 0;
step two, sending the loading target obtained in the step one to a test loading system;
thirdly, the test loading system loads the shock insulation support according to the loading target of the first test substructure, resets the test loading system and the test object after loading, loads the support according to the loading target of the second test substructure, resets the test loading system and the test object after loading, and so on until all the needed test substructures are loaded, and resets the test loading system and the test object;
feeding back test data measured by the test loading system to the numerical simulation system, comparing the simulation result of the test substructure numerical model with the test result and updating the numerical model of the test substructure;
when the comparison of the simulation result of the test substructure numerical model and the test result meets the precision requirement, the loading target is continuously truncated until the calculation result of the reaction force at the current moment is not influenced, the truncated loading target is output, and when the comparison of the simulation result of the test substructure numerical model and the test result does not meet the precision requirement, the model is continuously updated by using new test data;
step six, entering the next moment, and combining the received test data by the numerical simulation system to obtain a loading target at the moment;
step seven, sending the received cut-off loading target to a test loading system for sequential loading, and resetting the test piece until all the needed test substructures are loaded;
step eight, verifying the accuracy of the current-step loading target by respectively using the previous-step loading targets of the test substructures, reloading the non-compliant test substructures in the current step if the loading targets are not compliant, resetting the test loading system and the test object after loading, and repeating the steps until all the test substructures meet the precision requirement;
and repeating the fourth step to the eighth step until the test is completed.
As a preferable scheme: when the real-time hybrid test method is a viscous damper-bridge coupling real-time hybrid test based on restart multi-task loading, the real-time hybrid test method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, establishing a finite element model of a bridge, setting an initial position of a viscous damper on the bridge, obtaining initial states such as deflection of the bridge at an initial moment through calculation, and calculating the finite element model under external load and initial conditions to obtain loading targets of all viscous dampers;
step two, sending the loading target obtained in the step one to a test loading system;
thirdly, the test loading system loads the test substructure according to the loading target of the first test substructure, resets the test loading system and the test object after loading, loads the test substructure according to the loading target of the second test substructure, resets the test loading system and the test object after loading, and so on until all the required test substructures are loaded, and resets the test loading system and the test object;
feeding back test data measured by the test loading system to the numerical simulation system, comparing the simulation result of the test substructure numerical model with the test result and updating the numerical model of the test substructure;
when the comparison between the simulation result of the test substructure numerical model and the test result meets the precision requirement, the loading target is continuously intercepted until the calculation result of the counter force at the current moment is not influenced, and the intercepting loading target is output;
step six, entering the next moment, and combining the received test data by the numerical simulation system to obtain a loading target at the moment;
step seven, sending the received cut-off loading target to a test loading system for sequential loading, and resetting the test piece until all the needed test substructures are loaded;
step eight, verifying the accuracy of the current-step loading target by respectively using the previous-step loading targets of the test substructures, reloading the non-compliant test substructures in the current step if the loading targets are not compliant, resetting the test loading system and the test object after loading, and repeating the steps until all the test substructures meet the precision requirement;
and repeating the fourth step to the eighth step until the test is completed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention sequentially loads a plurality of initial moment loading targets obtained by calculation through a test loading system until the test substructures are loaded completely, feeds test data obtained after loading is completed back to a numerical simulation system to obtain a real-time loading target and/or update a numerical test substructure model, performs precision comparison to obtain a cut-off loading target, sends the real-time loading target and/or the cut-off loading target to the test loading system, sequentially loads test pieces, and resets the test objects until the process of judging the precision of the test objects is completed.
2. The invention provides a real-time hybrid test method based on restart multi-task loading, which adopts a mode of matching a single test piece and a restart loading mode to replace loading of a plurality of test substructures, reduces the test cost, relieves the pressure of laboratory equipment, and directly solves the problem that the asynchrony is difficult to avoid when a plurality of test pieces are simultaneously subjected to test loading.
3. The invention reduces unnecessary loading by establishing a numerical model of the test substructure, simulating the test process and cutting off the loading target, thereby reducing unnecessary test cost and time of the test, particularly cutting off a part of the loading target of the front part by cutting off the loading target and checking the calculation by the model, and greatly reducing the time cost of the whole test.
4. The numerical simulation system is realized by adopting a finite element numerical simulation system, so that errors caused by model calculation simplified by a numerical substructure are reduced.
5. The invention adopts a restarting loading mode, directly eliminates the time lag difference caused by synchronous simultaneous execution of the numerical value substructure and the test substructure under finite element calculation, breaks through the conventional processing mode that the mixed test requires the numerical value substructure and the test substructure to be completed within the specified time step length, has great limitation on the numerical value substructure, requires the model to be sufficiently simplified due to short calculation time of the numerical value substructure, and has great influence on the test precision.
6. The invention is applicable to the fields of civil engineering, traffic, bridges, aerospace, machinery and other related fields.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the LSTM architecture of m LSTM (long short term memory network) layers and multiple fully connected layers in a truncated load target;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single cell in the setup of the LSTM architecture at the time of truncation of the loading target;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the working principle of the present invention when applied to a high-rise vibration damping structure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the viscous damper-bridge coupling model of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a viscous damper-high level frame model;
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing a mixing test data forming curve of the present invention with a standard theoretical value forming curve.
1-prototype structure; 2-numerical substructure; 3-test substructure; 4-an actuator; 5-a shock insulation support; 6-force sensor.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 7, and the real-time hybrid test method in the embodiment is a process in which a test piece sequentially loads a plurality of initial moment loading targets obtained by calculation through a test loading system until all the test substructures 3 are loaded, feeds test data measured after loading is completed back to a numerical simulation system to calculate the real-time loading target, sends the real-time loading target to the test loading system, sequentially loads the test piece, and resets a test object until the precision of the test object is determined.
The process of sequentially loading the plurality of initial moment loading targets obtained by calculation through the test loading system until the test substructures 3 are all loaded is a process of sequentially loading the plurality of test substructures 3 of the single initial moment loading target according to the respective loading targets by the same set of loading device, so that multi-task loading is realized.
The process of feeding back test data measured after the loading is finished to a numerical simulation system to calculate and obtain a real-time loading target is that after the loading of a single initial moment loading target is finished by one step, the accuracy of the realization of the loading target of the current step is verified through the loading target of the previous step of each test substructure 3, when the accuracy of the realization of the test substructure 3 of the loading target of the current step does not meet the test requirements, the test substructure 3 of the loading target of the current step which does not meet the test requirements is reloaded, the test loading system and the test object are reset after the loading, and the like in turn until all the test substructures 3 meet the precision requirements.
The specific means adopted by the invention for ensuring the test precision is to judge the precision of the two data curves of the current step loading target and the previous step loading target, and ensure that the contact ratio of the two curves can reach more than 98 percent, so that the next step of work can be carried out. Because the loading commands of the current step and the previous step are basically the same except for the loading command of the last step, the main reason for causing the errors of the current step and the previous step in the loading process is that the loading time lag of the actuator is not fixed, so that the two basically identical commands are deviated in the loading process. To address this problem, skew compensation may be added, and the skew compensation methods used include, but are not limited to: polynomial extrapolation method, adaptive compensation method, etc., thereby ensuring that the precision of two loading targets can meet the above requirements.
The second embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 7, and the real-time hybrid test method in the embodiment is to sequentially load a plurality of initial moment load targets obtained by calculation through a test piece by a test loading system until all the test substructures 3 are loaded, feed test data measured after loading back to a numerical simulation system for calculation and update a model of the numerical test substructures 3 for precision comparison to obtain a truncated load target, send the truncated load target to the test loading system, sequentially load the test piece, and reset the test object until the process of precision judgment on the test object is completed.
The process of loading the single initial moment loading target obtained by calculation for multiple times through the test loading system until the test substructures 3 are loaded completely is a process of loading the plurality of test substructures 3 of the single initial moment loading target by the same set of loading device in sequence according to respective loading targets, and realizing multi-task loading.
The process of updating the numerical model of the test substructure 3 for precision comparison to obtain the truncated loading target is that after the loading of a single initial moment loading target is completed by one step, the simulation result of the numerical model of the test substructure 3 learned by using the long and short term memory network is compared with the test result of the test substructure 3 of the current step loading target, when the test result of the test substructure 3 of the current step loading target meets the precision requirement, the loading target is truncated continuously until the calculation result of the counter force at the current moment is not influenced and the truncated loading target is output, and when the test result of the test substructure 3 of the current step loading target does not meet the precision requirement, the model is continuously updated by using new test data and the precision comparison process is carried out again.
Further, the implementation process of the truncation loading target is a process of firstly establishing a long-short term memory network system structure with m long-short term memory network layers and a plurality of full connection layers, then establishing a numerical model of the test substructure 3 through finite elements, inputting different excitation actions to obtain corresponding reaction responses, taking the different excitation actions as input, taking the reaction responses during the different excitation actions as output, and establishing a training data set to train the long-short term memory network system structure.
The third concrete implementation mode: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 5, in the real-time hybrid test method in the embodiment, a test piece sequentially loads a plurality of initial moment loading targets obtained by calculation until all the test substructures 3 are loaded, and a parallel processing mode of two modes is adopted, one mode is to feed test data measured after loading is completed back to a numerical simulation system to obtain a real-time loading target, and the other mode is to feed test data measured after loading is completed back to the numerical simulation system to perform precision comparison by using an updated numerical test substructure 3 model to obtain a truncated loading target, and then the two modes respectively obtain a real-time loading target and a truncated loading target, and send the real-time loading target and the truncated loading target to the test loading system, sequentially load the test piece, and reset the test object until the process of judging the precision of the test object is completed.
Further, the process of loading the single initial moment loading target obtained by calculation for multiple times through the test loading system until the test substructures 3 are all loaded is a process of loading the multiple test substructures 3 of the single initial moment loading target by the same set of loading device in sequence according to respective loading targets, so that multi-task loading is realized.
Further, the process of feeding back the test data measured after the loading is completed to the numerical simulation system to calculate the real-time loading target is that after the loading target at a single initial moment completes one step of loading, the accuracy of the current step of loading target is verified through the previous step of loading target of each test substructure 3, when the accuracy of the current step of loading target 3 does not meet the test requirements, the test substructure 3 of the current step of loading target which does not meet the test requirements is reloaded, the test loading system and the test object are reset after the loading, and the like until all the test substructures 3 meet the accuracy requirements.
Further, the process of updating the numerical model of the test substructure 3 for precision comparison to obtain the truncated loading target is that after the loading target completes one-step loading at a single initial moment, the simulation result of the numerical model of the test substructure 3 learned by using the long and short term memory network is compared with the test result of the test substructure 3 of the current-step loading target, when the test result of the test substructure 3 of the current-step loading target meets the precision requirement, the loading target is truncated continuously until the calculation result of the counter force at the current moment is not influenced and the truncated loading target is output, and when the test result of the test substructure 3 of the current-step loading target does not meet the precision requirement, the model is continuously updated by using new test data and the precision comparison process is carried out again.
Further, the implementation process of the truncation loading target is a process of firstly establishing a long-short term memory network system structure with m long-short term memory network layers and a plurality of full connection layers, then establishing a numerical model of the test substructure 3 through finite elements, inputting different excitation actions to obtain corresponding reaction responses, taking the different excitation actions as input, taking the reaction responses during the different excitation actions as output, and establishing a training data set to train the long-short term memory network system structure.
Wherein the long and short term memory network layer is LSTM layer, the long and short term memory network architecture is LSTM architecture,
as shown in fig. 2 and 3, wherein D n For the displacement input at the nth time (same principle), F n The reaction force output at the nth moment (the same applies to the rest), C (1) n-1 Is the influence of the internal state vector (which can be understood as the Memory state vector Memory of the LSTM) at the time immediately preceding the nth time on the nth time, h (1) n-1 The influence of the output vector at the time immediately preceding the nth time on the nth time, similarly to C (1) n 、h (1) n Is the influence of the nth time on the next time.
Building an LSTM architecture with m Layers of LSTM and a plurality of full connection Layers (FC Layers), wherein a forgetting gate acts on the LSTM state vector from above for controlling the memory c of the last moment t-1 Forgetting to control variable g for the influence of the current time f Produced by formula (1):
g f ＝σ(W f [h t-1 ,x t ]+b f ) (1)
the input gate is used to control the receiving degree of input by LSTM, firstly, the input x of current time is inputted t And the output h of the previous moment t-1 Linear conversion is carried out to obtain new input quantity
Produced by equation (2):
but do not
The amount of input will be accepted through the input gate control, the control variable of which is also from input x t And an output h t-1 See formula (3):
g i ＝σ(W i [h t-1 ,x t ]+b i ) (3)
under the control of the forgetting gate and the input gate, the state vector c t See formula (4):
within the LSTM, the state vector is not output in its entirety, but is selectively output by an output gate whose gated variable g is output o The output of the LSTM is generated by equation (5) and equation (6).
g o ＝σ(W o [h t-1 ,x t ]+b o ) (5)
h t ＝g o *tanh(c t ) (6)
Wherein W f And b f Automatically optimizing the parameter tensor of the forgetting gate by a back propagation algorithm; sigma is an activation function; w c And b c The parameters of the input gate are automatically optimized by a back propagation algorithm; tan h is an activation function; w i And b i The parameters of the input gate are automatically optimized by a back propagation algorithm; w o And b o The parameters for the input gate are automatically optimized by a back-propagation algorithm.
And then establishing a numerical model of the test substructure 3 through finite elements, inputting different excitation actions to obtain corresponding counter-force responses, taking different excitation actions as input, taking the counter-force responses in different excitation actions as output, establishing a training data set to train the LSTM system structure, inputting a loading target in the current step of the test after the training effect is achieved, obtaining a simulation result of the numerical model of the test substructure 3 through a deep learning system, comparing the simulation result with the test result, if the simulation result of the numerical model of the test substructure 3 is compared with the test result to meet the precision requirement, continuously truncating the loading target until the calculation result does not influence the counter-force at the current moment and outputting the truncated loading target, and if not, abandoning the method for modifying the loading target and continuing learning with new data.
In the embodiment, after each time of loading of the test loading system, the test loading system needs to be restored to the initial state, and the next time of loading is carried out, and the cycle is repeated, so that the dynamic response of the plurality of test substructures 3 is reproduced by the single test substructure 3, and a foundation is laid for the next test.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is further limited to the first, second or third embodiments, and the numerical simulation system in the present embodiment is implemented by using a finite element numerical simulation system.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the embodiment is further limited by the first, second or third specific embodiments, and the test loading system adopts a high-performance electro-hydraulic servo loading system to complete real-time loading.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the embodiment is further limited by the first, second, third, fourth or fifth specific embodiments, and the embodiment is based on the working principle of the real-time hybrid test method, that is, the real-time hybrid test method sequentially loads a plurality of initial moment loading targets obtained by calculation through a test loading system until the test substructures 3 are all loaded, feeds test data obtained by the loading to the numerical simulation system to obtain the real-time loading target, sends the real-time loading target to the test loading system, sequentially loads the test pieces, and resets the test object until the process of judging the precision of the test object is completed, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
firstly, establishing a numerical model of a numerical substructure 2 and a test substructure 3 of a prototype structure 1 at an initial moment, and obtaining a loading target at the initial moment through a numerical simulation system;
step two, sending the loading target obtained in the step one to a test loading system;
thirdly, the test loading system loads the test substructure 3 according to the loading target of the first test substructure, resets the test loading system and the test object after loading, loads the test substructure 3 according to the loading target of the second test substructure, resets the test loading system and the test object after loading, and so on until all the needed test substructures 3 are loaded, and resets the test loading system and the test object;
feeding test data measured by the test loading system back to the numerical simulation system, comparing the simulation result of the numerical model of the test substructure 3 with the test result and updating the numerical model of the test substructure 3;
step five, when the comparison of the simulation result of the numerical model of the test substructure 3 and the test result meets the precision requirement, the loading target is continuously intercepted until the calculation result of the counter force at the current moment is not influenced, and the intercepting loading target is output, and when the comparison of the simulation result of the numerical model of the test substructure 3 and the test result does not meet the precision requirement, the model is continuously updated by using new test data;
step six, entering the next moment, and combining the received test data by the numerical simulation system to obtain a loading target at the moment;
step seven, sending the received truncation loading target to a test loading system for sequential loading, and resetting the test piece until all the test substructures 3 to be tested are loaded;
step eight, verifying the accuracy of the current-step loading target by respectively using the previous-step loading targets of the test substructures 3, if the current-step loading targets do not meet the accuracy, reloading the non-conforming test substructures 3 in the current step, resetting the test loading system and the test object after loading, and repeating the steps until all the test substructures meet the accuracy requirement;
and repeating the fourth step to the eighth step until the test is completed.
The seventh embodiment: as shown in fig. 1 and 4, this embodiment is a further limitation of the sixth embodiment, in this embodiment, when the prototype structure 1 is a high-rise vibration damping structure, the real-time hybrid test method is a real-time hybrid test of the vibration-isolating support 5 based on restarting of multi-task loading of the high-rise vibration damping structure, where the vibration-isolating support 5 is a rubber vibration-isolating support, the high-rise structure is taken as the numerical substructure 2 to perform numerical simulation, all the rubber vibration-isolating supports are taken as the test substructure 3 to perform test loading, and interactive data is performed in the test process to perform a hybrid test. In the test, a single vibration isolation support 5 and a restarting loading mode are adopted to replace the loading of all the vibration isolation supports 5.
The real-time mixed test of the rubber shock-insulation support of the high-rise shock-absorption structure based on the restarting multitask loading comprises the following specific steps:
step one, establishing a finite element model of a seven-layer frame structure, assuming that the counter forces of the test substructure 3 at the initial moment are all 0, and calculating the finite element model under external load and initial conditions to obtain loading targets of 6 seismic isolation supports 5;
step two, sending the loading target obtained in the step one to a test loading system;
thirdly, the test loading system loads the shock insulation support 5 of the high-rise vibration damping structure according to the loading target of the first test substructure, resets the test loading system and the test object after loading, loads the support according to the loading target of the second test substructure, resets the test loading system and the test object after loading, and so on until all the required test substructures are loaded, and resets the test loading system and the test object;
feeding back test data measured by the test loading system to the numerical simulation system, comparing the simulation result of the test substructure numerical model with the test result and updating the numerical model of the test substructure;
when the comparison between the simulation result of the test substructure numerical model and the test result meets the precision requirement, the loading target is continuously intercepted until the calculation result of the counter force at the current moment is not influenced, and the intercepting loading target is output;
step six, entering the next moment, and combining the received test data by the numerical simulation system to obtain a loading target at the moment;
step seven, sending the received cut-off loading target to a test loading system for sequential loading and resetting the test piece, specifically, realizing the sequential loading process of the test piece through the matching mode that the actuator 4 acts on the shock insulation support 5 until all the required test substructures are loaded;
step eight, verifying the accuracy of the current-step loading target by respectively using the previous-step loading targets of the test substructures, reloading the non-compliant test substructures in the current step if the loading targets are not compliant, resetting the test loading system and the test object after loading, and repeating the steps until all the test substructures meet the precision requirement;
and repeating the fourth step to the eighth step until the test is completed.
In a real-time mixing test, the shock insulation support 5 is taken for test loading, and the high-rise frame is subjected to numerical simulation. The key difficulty of the test process solved by the invention is as follows:
1) The invention can accurately reproduce the dynamic response of the high-rise frame;
2) If a plurality of shock-insulation supports 5 are used for test loading, a plurality of test loading systems and a plurality of test pieces are needed, which undoubtedly results in the increase of test cost and also puts higher requirements on laboratories, and correspondingly, only one shock-insulation support 5 is used in the invention, so that the situation is directly avoided;
3) The invention does not need to adopt a test method of a mixed test of model updating, omits the process of online correction of constitutive parameters according to test data continuously, and reduces the condition that the numerical simulation result has errors.
The specific implementation mode is eight: in the real-time hybrid test of the viscous damper-bridge coupling model, when the prototype structure 1 is a viscous damper, the viscous damper is taken for test loading, and the bridge structure is subjected to numerical simulation.
The key difficulty solved in the test process of the invention is as follows:
1) The dynamic response of the viscous damper-bridge coupling model can be accurately reproduced;
2) The method does not need to carry out test loading of a plurality of viscous dampers, and only needs one repeated loading;
3) The invention does not need to adopt a mixed test method of model updating, omits the on-line correction process of constitutive parameters according to test data, and reduces the condition that the numerical simulation result has errors.
A schematic diagram of a viscous damper-bridge coupling model is shown in fig. 5:
a bridge is taken as a numerical substructure 2 to carry out numerical simulation, all viscous dampers are taken as a test substructure 3 to carry out test loading, and interactive data are subjected to a mixing test in the test process. A single viscous damper and a restart loading mode were used in the test instead of loading all viscous dampers.
The real-time hybrid test method in the embodiment performs a real-time hybrid test method of a viscous damper-bridge coupling model based on restart multi-task loading, and specifically includes the following steps:
step one, establishing a finite element model of a bridge, setting an initial position of a viscous damper on the bridge, obtaining initial states such as deflection of the bridge at an initial moment through calculation, and calculating the finite element model under external load and initial conditions to obtain loading targets of all viscous dampers;
step two, sending the loading target obtained in the step one to a test loading system;
thirdly, the test loading system loads the test substructure 3 according to the loading target of the first test substructure 3, resets the test loading system and the test object after loading, loads the test substructure 3 according to the loading target of the second test substructure 3, resets the test loading system and the test object after loading, and so on until all the needed test substructures 3 are loaded, and resets the test loading system and the test object;
feeding back test data measured by the test loading system to the numerical simulation system, comparing the simulation result of the numerical model of the test substructure 3 with the test result and updating the numerical model of the test substructure 3;
if the comparison between the simulation result of the numerical model of the test substructure 3 and the test result meets the precision requirement, continuously truncating the loading target until the calculation result of the counter force at the current moment is not influenced, and outputting the truncated loading target, otherwise, continuously updating the model by using new test data;
step six, entering the next moment, and combining the received test data by the numerical simulation system to obtain a loading target at the moment;
step seven, sending the received cut-off loading target to a test loading system for sequential loading, and resetting the test piece until all the needed test substructures 3 are loaded;
step eight, verifying the accuracy of the current-step loading target implementation through the previous-step loading target of each test substructure 3, if the current-step loading target does not meet the accuracy requirement, reloading the current-step non-conforming test substructure 3, resetting the test loading system and the test object after loading, and repeating the steps until all the test substructures meet the accuracy requirement;
and repeating the fourth step to the eighth step until the test is completed.
In this embodiment, a force sensor 6 is provided between the viscous damper and the actuator 4, and is used for transmitting a load generated between the viscous damper and the actuator in real time.
The specific implementation method nine: the embodiment is further limited by the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth or eighth specific embodiments, and the detailed process that the test accuracy can meet the corresponding requirements is explained through the embodiment, and specifically, the basic principle and the key technology of the method are explained by using a real-time mixing test of a multi-viscous damper high-rise vibration attenuation structure. In order to effectively research the dynamic response of the multi-layer frame under the action of the earthquake and the damper, experimental research needs to be carried out on the whole structure. Building a real multi-layer frame structure in a test and purchasing a corresponding number of viscous dampers will result in a test cost that is too high. The high-rise vibration reduction structure of the multi-viscous damper is researched by adopting a real-time mixing test, and is one of efficient and economic means.
In a real-time mixed test of a multi-viscous damper high-rise vibration attenuation structure, a viscous damper is taken for test loading, and a high-rise frame is subjected to numerical simulation. The key difficulty of the test is as follows:
1) The real-time hybrid test can accurately reproduce the dynamic response of the high-rise frame;
2) The method does not need to carry out test loading of a plurality of viscous dampers, and only needs one repeated loading;
3) According to the invention, a hybrid test method of model updating is not needed, and the on-line correction process of constitutive parameters according to test data is omitted, so that errors in numerical simulation results are effectively reduced, and the accuracy is improved.
The method for carrying out the real-time hybrid test of the multi-viscous damper high-rise vibration attenuation structure based on the restarting multi-task loading specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a finite element model of a three-layer frame structure, and calculating to obtain loading targets of 3 dampers under external loads and initial conditions by assuming that the counter forces of the test substructures at the initial moment are all 0;
step two, sending the loading target obtained in the step one to a test loading system;
thirdly, the test loading system loads the test substructure according to the loading target of the first test substructure, resets the test loading system and the test object after loading, loads the test substructure according to the loading target of the second test substructure, resets the test loading system and the test object after loading, and so on until all the required test substructures are loaded, and resets the test loading system and the test object;
feeding back test data measured by the test loading system to the numerical simulation system, comparing the simulation result of the test substructure numerical model with the test result and updating the numerical model of the test substructure;
if the comparison between the simulation result of the test substructure numerical model and the test result meets the precision requirement, continuously truncating the loading target until the calculation result of the counter force at the current moment is not influenced, and outputting the truncated loading target, otherwise, continuously updating the model by using new test data;
step six, entering the next moment, and combining the received test data by the numerical simulation system to obtain a loading target at the moment;
step seven, sending the received cut-off loading target to a test loading system for sequential loading, and resetting the test piece until all the needed test substructures are loaded;
step eight, verifying the accuracy of the current-step loading target by respectively using the previous-step loading targets of the test substructures, reloading the non-compliant test substructures in the current step if the loading targets are not compliant, resetting the test loading system and the test object after loading, and repeating the steps until all the test substructures meet the precision requirement;
and repeating the fourth step to the eighth step until the test is completed.
The working condition adopted in the experiment in the embodiment is El Centro seismic record, and the result of top layer displacement in the viscous damper-high-rise frame model is shown in fig. 6: the main parameters of the three-layer frame structure used by the numerical substructure in the viscous damper-high-layer frame model are as follows: m is 1 ＝400.06kg，m 2 ＝355.30kg，m 3 ＝357.50kg，k 1 ＝k 2 ＝k 3 ＝586500N/m，c 11 ＝413.64N·s/m，c 12 ＝413.64N·s/m，c 13 ＝-26.71N·s/m，c 22 ＝367.41N·s/m，c 23 ＝-139.42N·s/m，c 33 ＝252.36N·s/m。
As shown in fig. 7, in the embodiment, a curve formed by data obtained after a loading test is performed on top layer frame displacement is compared with a standard theoretical value curve to obtain a curve, a red line is a curve formed by data obtained after the loading test is performed on top layer frame displacement, a black line is a standard theoretical value curve, only a black line is displayed at a non-overlapping position between the black line and the red line, a red line is displayed at a overlapping position between the black line and the red line, and a region where the red line is located and a region where the black line is located are both finally embodied as a red region, as can be seen from fig. 7, the overlapping degree of the curve formed by the data obtained after the loading test is performed on top layer frame displacement and the standard theoretical value curve reaches more than 98%.
Claims (8)
1. A real-time hybrid test method based on single-test-piece restart multi-task loading is characterized in that: the real-time mixed test method comprises the steps of sequentially loading a plurality of initial moment loading targets obtained by calculation through a test piece through a test loading system until the test substructures (3) are all loaded, feeding test data obtained after loading is completed back to a numerical simulation system, calculating to obtain real-time loading targets and/or updating numerical test substructures (3) models, performing precision comparison to obtain cut-off loading targets, sending the real-time loading targets and/or the cut-off loading targets to the test loading system, sequentially loading the test piece, and resetting the test object until the process of judging the precision of the test object is completed.
2. The real-time hybrid test method based on single-test-piece restart multi-task loading according to claim 1, characterized in that: the process that a plurality of initial moment loading targets obtained through calculation are sequentially loaded through a test piece by a test loading system until the test substructures (3) are all loaded is that the plurality of test substructures (3) of the single initial moment loading target are sequentially loaded according to respective loading targets by the same set of loading device, and the multi-task loading process is realized.
3. The real-time hybrid test method based on single-specimen restart multi-task loading according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the process of feeding back test data measured after the loading is finished to a numerical simulation system to calculate and obtain a real-time loading target is that after the loading of a single initial moment loading target is finished by one step, the accuracy of the realization of the loading target of the current step is verified through the loading target of the previous step of each test substructure (3), when the accuracy of the realization of the test substructure (3) of the loading target of the current step does not meet the test requirements, the test substructure (3) of the loading target of the current step which does not meet the test requirements is reloaded, the test loading system and the test object are reset after the loading, and the like is repeated until all the test substructures (3) meet the precision requirements.
4. The real-time hybrid test method based on single-specimen restart multi-task loading according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the process of obtaining the truncation loading target after the numerical test substructure (3) model is updated to carry out precision comparison is that after the loading target finishes one-step loading at a single initial moment, the simulation result of the numerical model of the test substructure (3) learned by using the long and short term memory network is compared with the test result of the test substructure (3) of the current-step loading target, when the test result of the test substructure (3) of the current-step loading target reaches the precision requirement, the loading target is incessantly truncated until the calculation result of the counter force at the current moment is not influenced and the truncation loading target is output, and when the test result of the test substructure (3) of the current-step loading target does not reach the precision requirement, the model is continuously updated by using new test data and the precision comparison process is carried out again.
5. The real-time hybrid test method based on single-test-piece restart multi-task loading according to claim 4, characterized in that: the realization process of the truncation loading target is a process of firstly establishing a long-short term memory network system structure with m long-short term memory network layers and a plurality of full connection layers, then establishing a numerical model of a test substructure (3) through finite elements, inputting different excitation actions to obtain corresponding reaction responses, taking the different excitation actions as input, taking the reaction responses in the different excitation actions as output, and establishing a training data set to train the long-short term memory network system structure.
6. The real-time hybrid test method based on single-test-piece restart multi-task loading according to claim 1, characterized in that: the real-time mixing test method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, establishing a numerical model of a numerical substructure (2) of a prototype structure (1) and a numerical model of a test substructure (3) at an initial moment, and obtaining a loading target at the initial moment through a numerical simulation system;
step two, sending the loading target obtained in the step one to a test loading system;
thirdly, the test loading system loads the test substructure (3) according to the loading target of the first test substructure (3), resets the test loading system and the test object after loading, loads the test substructure (3) according to the loading target of the second test substructure (3), resets the test loading system and the test object after loading, and so on until all the required test substructures (3) are loaded, and resets the test loading system and the test object;
feeding test data measured by the test loading system back to the numerical simulation system, comparing the simulation result of the numerical model of the test substructure (3) with the test result and updating the numerical model of the test substructure (3);
fifthly, when the comparison between the simulation result of the numerical model of the test substructure (3) and the test result meets the precision requirement, the loading target is continuously intercepted until the calculation result of the counter force at the current moment is not influenced, and the intercepting loading target is output, and when the comparison between the simulation result of the numerical model of the test substructure (3) and the test result does not meet the precision requirement, the model is continuously updated by using new test data;
step six, entering the next moment, and combining the received test data by the numerical simulation system to obtain a loading target at the moment;
step seven, sending the received cut-off loading target to a test loading system for sequential loading, and resetting the test piece until all the needed test substructures (3) are loaded;
step eight, verifying the accuracy of the current-step loading target implementation through the previous-step loading targets of the test substructures (3), if the current-step loading targets do not meet the accuracy, reloading the current-step inconsistent test substructures (3), resetting the test loading system and the test object after loading, and repeating the steps until all the test substructures meet the accuracy requirement;
and repeating the fourth step to the eighth step until the test is completed.
7. The real-time hybrid test method based on single-test-piece restart multi-task loading according to claim 6, characterized in that: the real-time hybrid test method is a real-time hybrid test which is carried out by taking a high-rise vibration reduction structure loaded based on multiple restarting tasks as a prototype structure (1), and the real-time hybrid test comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a finite element model of a seven-layer frame structure, assuming that the counter forces of the test substructure (3) at the initial moment are all 0, and calculating the finite element model under external load and initial conditions to obtain loading targets of 6 seismic isolation supports (5);
step two, sending the loading target obtained in the step one to a test loading system;
thirdly, the test loading system loads the shock insulation support (5) according to the loading target of the first test substructure (3), resets the test loading system and the test object after loading, loads the support according to the loading target of the second test substructure (3), resets the test loading system and the test object after loading, and so on until all the needed test substructures (3) are loaded, and resets the test loading system and the test object;
feeding test data measured by the test loading system back to the numerical simulation system, comparing the simulation result of the numerical model of the test substructure (3) with the test result and updating the numerical model of the test substructure (3);
step five, when the comparison of the simulation result of the numerical model of the test substructure (3) and the test result meets the precision requirement, the loading target is continuously truncated until the calculation result of the counter force at the current moment is not influenced, and the truncation loading target is output, and when the comparison of the simulation result of the numerical model of the test substructure (3) and the test result does not meet the precision requirement, the model is continuously updated by using new test data;
step six, entering the next moment, and combining the received test data by the numerical simulation system to obtain a loading target at the moment;
step seven, sending the received cut-off loading target to a test loading system for sequential loading, and resetting the test piece until all the needed test substructures (3) are loaded;
step eight, verifying the accuracy of the current-step loading target implementation through the previous-step loading target of each test substructure (3), if the current-step loading target does not meet the accuracy requirement, reloading the current step of the non-conforming test substructure (3), resetting the test loading system and the test object after loading, and repeating the steps until all the test substructures meet the accuracy requirement;
and repeating the fourth step to the eighth step until the test is completed.
8. The real-time hybrid test method based on restart multitask loading according to claim 6, wherein when the real-time hybrid test method is a viscous damper-bridge coupling real-time hybrid test based on restart multitask loading, the real-time hybrid test method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, establishing a finite element model of a bridge, setting an initial position of a viscous damper on the bridge, obtaining initial states such as deflection of the bridge at an initial moment through calculation, and calculating the finite element model under external load and initial conditions to obtain loading targets of all viscous dampers;
step two, sending the loading target obtained in the step one to a test loading system;
thirdly, the test loading system loads the test substructure (3) according to the loading target of the first test substructure (3), resets the test loading system and the test object after loading, loads the test substructure (3) according to the loading target of the second test substructure (3), resets the test loading system and the test object after loading, and so on until all the required test substructures (3) are loaded, and resets the test loading system and the test object;
feeding back test data measured by the test loading system to the numerical simulation system, comparing the simulation result of the numerical model of the test substructure (3) with the test result and updating the numerical model of the test substructure (3);
fifthly, when the comparison between the simulation result of the numerical model of the test substructure (3) and the test result meets the precision requirement, the loading target is continuously intercepted until the calculation result of the counter force at the current moment is not influenced, and the intercepting loading target is output, and when the comparison between the simulation result of the numerical model of the test substructure (3) and the test result does not meet the precision requirement, the model is continuously updated by using new test data;
step six, entering the next moment, and combining the received test data by the numerical simulation system to obtain a loading target at the moment;
step seven, sending the received cut-off loading target to a test loading system for sequential loading, and resetting the test piece until all the needed test substructures (3) are loaded;
step eight, verifying the accuracy of the current-step loading target implementation through the previous-step loading targets of the test substructures (3), if the current-step loading targets do not meet the accuracy, reloading the current-step inconsistent test substructures (3), resetting the test loading system and the test object after loading, and repeating the steps until all the test substructures meet the accuracy requirement;
and repeating the fourth step to the eighth step until the test is completed.
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