CN115784384A - Medical sewage treatment device and method - Google Patents
Medical sewage treatment device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115784384A CN115784384A CN202310016399.1A CN202310016399A CN115784384A CN 115784384 A CN115784384 A CN 115784384A CN 202310016399 A CN202310016399 A CN 202310016399A CN 115784384 A CN115784384 A CN 115784384A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a medical sewage treatment device and a medical sewage treatment method, which belong to the field of sewage treatment and comprise a treatment tank, wherein the bottom of the treatment tank is provided with a water inlet, the upper part of the treatment tank is provided with a water outlet and a chemical feeding pipe for adding persulfate, and the chemical feeding pipe extends downwards to the upper part of the water inlet; be provided with electrode fixed frame in the processing jar inner chamber, be provided with the vertical negative plate of polylith and the vertical anode plate of polylith in the electrode fixed frame, negative plate and anode plate set up in turn, and have the interval between adjacent negative plate and the anode plate, negative plate and anode plate all adopt iron plate, and negative plate and anode plate are connected with the power cord respectively, the power cord stretches out the processing jar. The invention can reduce the cost of the electrode, thereby reducing the operation cost of the equipment, simultaneously can efficiently and uniformly activate the persulfate, and can also improve the treatment effect on the medical sewage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment, and particularly relates to a medical sewage treatment device and method.
Background
The sewage in medical institutions has complex components, relates to various biological, chemical or radioactive pollutions, contains a large amount of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, ova and the like, also contains various chemical agents, has poor biodegradability, and has the characteristics of space pollution, acute infection, latent infection and the like. In addition, the existing medical sewage discharge standard executes the discharge standard of water pollutants of medical institutions (GB 18466-2005), and the removal of novel toxic and non-degradable pollutants such as antibiotics, resistance genes, medicines, metabolites of the medicines, iodide contrast agents, disinfection byproducts and the like is not specified, so that the existing conventional treatment technology only simply treats hospital sewage in a first stage or discharges the hospital sewage into an urban pipe network after disinfection, and the hospital sewage is not effectively treated.
At present, the conventional treatment technology and process for hospital sewage treatment still have the following problems: (1) The traditional medical sewage treatment method usually adopts a biochemical treatment process which is simply applied in an urban domestic sewage treatment mode, and because the medical sewage has complex components and poor biodegradability, antibiotics and hormone drugs in the sewage are difficult to effectively degrade and treat, and enter a natural water body after entering an urban sewage treatment plant along with an underground pipe network or are directly discharged. The development of drug resistance of pathogenic microorganisms can be promoted by the existence of a large number of antibiotic drugs in the sewage, and the generation of drug-resistant virus strains can be promoted by the existence of a large number of antiviral drugs in the medical sewage. (2) Some hospitals adopt chlorine agents or monopersulfate for disinfection, and the chlorine agents belong to management and control medicaments and are not suitable for purchase and long-term storage. In addition, the consumption of chlorine agent and persulfate is high, the cost is high, the dosage is not easy to control, the killing of pathogenic microorganisms by the agent is not thorough due to too low dosage, and a large amount of toxic and harmful disinfection byproducts are generated by the reaction of the disinfectant and organic precursors due to too high dosage. (3) The sludge produced by the conventional treatment process contains a large amount of pathogenic microorganisms and hardly degradable toxic and harmful pollutants, and needs to be additionally treated separately, so that the operation cost of sewage treatment is increased; the sewage stays for a long time, and the volume and the floor area of the equipment are increased. (4) The traditional fenton treatment technology can generate more iron mud.
For the purpose of improving the effect of sewage treatment, there have been developed processes for treating persulfate by electric activation, such as
CN109368767A discloses a method for degrading azo dyes by activating persulfate through bioelectricity, wherein the concentration of the persulfate is 2 mmol/L, and the persulfate is activated by adopting the bioelectricity generated by a microbial fuel cell to generate sulfate radicals with strong oxidizing property to oxidize and degrade azo dye wastewater. But the bioelectricity generated by the microorganism is unstable, the activation effect is poor, and the dosage is large.
CN113697938A discloses a microbiological fuel cell device and a method for coupling and electrically activating persulfate, wherein the concentration of persulfate is 0.65 mmol/L, and an electric field is introduced in a biological treatment process by utilizing electric energy generated by MFC, so as to solve the problems of poor degradation performance of the existing activated sludge process on certain PPCPs, high effluent concentration, no need of an external electric field and high electrolysis cost. The problems that the bioelectricity is unstable and the activation effect cannot be ensured exist.
CN114656030A discloses a method for removing smelly substances in water by electrically activating persulfate through a microbial desalination fuel cell, wherein the concentration of the persulfate is 1-2 mmol/L, and the activation effect cannot be ensured by activating the persulfate through bioelectricity generated by microorganisms.
CN112723494A discloses a water treatment technology for promoting the synchronous removal of refractory organics and nitrogen elements by using electroactive persulfate, which can realize the synchronous removal of organics and nitrogen elements in a non-biological system, solve the problems of long hydraulic retention time, low treatment efficiency, wide occupied area of structures and the like in biological denitrification, and provide a new direction for the application research of persulfate in water treatment. The persulfate concentration is 10 +/-5 mmol/L, the dosing amount is large, the cathode and anode structures are complex, and the operation cost is high.
CN115417475A discloses a method for improving the dewatering performance of dredged sediment by electrically activating persulfate through a BDD anode, wherein the mass of persulfate added in each liter of sediment liquid is 2-8 g, the addition amount is large, and the cost is high.
CN111545563A discloses a slurry reaction method for treating petroleum-polluted soil by coupling electroactive persulfate with microorganisms, wherein the electroactive persulfate reaction and the biological slurry reaction are combined, and the advantage combination of the two technologies is realized by a staged reaction. Homogeneously activating persulfate, namely 40-100 g/kg of dry soil weight, and realizing efficient oxidative decomposition of macromolecular compositions in the petroleum pollutants by using generated sulfate radicals; and then, realizing efficient biomineralization removal of the oxidation intermediate product by utilizing the synergistic mass transfer and microbial growth and activity stimulation functions of the polarity switching electric field. The dosage is large, a powerful stirrer is needed, and the operation cost is high.
CN114212860A discloses a method for treating wastewater by using nano-silver modified carbon paper electrode anode to electrically activate sodium persulfate, which uses nano-silver modified carbon paper as an anode and a stainless steel plate as a cathode, and in a double-chamber reactor separated by a proton membrane, the concentration of the persulfate is 3 mmol/L, sodium persulfate is electrically activated by the anode, and active species such as generated sulfate radicals and hydroxyl radicals are utilized to deeply oxidize and degrade organic pollutants in the wastewater. The addition amount is large, and the operation cost is high.
CN113321352A discloses an apparatus and a method for degrading organic matters by coupling an electroactive persulfate with a carbon film system, wherein the anode adopts a tubular carbon film, the cathode is a stainless steel mesh, the apparatus provides stirring and/or heating functions, and the operation cost is high.
As is known, the electrodes belong to the vulnerable parts and need to be replaced frequently; the persulfate medicament belongs to a consumable, and needs to be continuously added in the process of continuously treating sewage. Therefore, the cost of the electrode and the chemical greatly affects the running cost of the equipment, and if the cost of the electrode and the chemical can be reduced, the running cost can be saved.
In addition, the prior art adopts an anode and a cathode, has limited contact area with sewage, and is difficult to efficiently and uniformly activate persulfate. None of the above prior art is used for the treatment of medical wastewater.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a medical sewage treatment device and a medical sewage treatment method, which can reduce the cost of electrodes, can efficiently and uniformly activate persulfate, shorten the reaction time and reduce the cost of adding medicaments, thereby reducing the running cost of equipment and improving the treatment effect of medical sewage.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the medical sewage treatment device comprises a treatment tank, wherein the bottom of the treatment tank is provided with a water inlet, the upper part of the treatment tank is provided with a water outlet and a chemical feeding pipe for adding persulfate, and the chemical feeding pipe extends downwards to the lower part of the treatment tank; the utility model discloses a processing tank, including processing jar inner chamber, be provided with the fixed frame of electrode in the inner chamber of processing jar, be provided with the vertical negative plate of polylith and the vertical anode plate of polylith in the fixed frame of electrode, negative plate and anode plate set up in turn, and have the interval between adjacent negative plate and the anode plate, one side adopts iron plate in negative plate and the anode plate, and one of iron plate, aluminum plate, copper, corrosion resistant plate, graphite cake, carbon felt, foam nickel or ruthenium iridium titanium plate can be selected to another side, and negative plate and anode plate are connected with the power cord respectively, the power cord stretches out the processing jar.
Furthermore, a return pipe is arranged on the side wall of the upper part of the treatment tank and connected with a water inlet pipe, and the water inlet pipe is connected with a water inlet.
Furthermore, a water retaining cover is arranged above the water inlet.
Furthermore, the lower end of the water retaining cover is open, the lower port of the water retaining cover is connected with the bottom wall of the treatment tank, the lower port of the water retaining cover covers the water inlet, at least three water distribution pipes are arranged around the water retaining cover, the length directions of the water distribution pipes are overlapped with the radial direction of the treatment tank, one ends of the water distribution pipes extend into the water retaining cover, the other ends of the water distribution pipes are provided with water outlets, and the water outlet direction of the water outlets is horizontal and perpendicular to the water distribution pipes.
Further, the lower part of the treatment tank is provided with an emptying pipe, and the emptying pipe is provided with a valve.
Further, the body of the treatment tank is provided with a manhole.
The medical sewage treatment method of the medical sewage treatment device comprises the following steps:
connecting power lines of the cathode plate and the anode plate with a direct current power supply;
medical sewage is introduced into the treatment tank from the water inlet, persulfate is introduced into the lower part of the treatment tank from the dosing pipe, the persulfate and the medical sewage are mixed and then flow upwards to a position between the cathode plate and the anode plate, and the chemical reaction of the anode plate comprises
Fe (s)- 2e - ➝ Fe 2+ (aq)；4OH - - 4e - ➝ O 2 (g)↑ + 2H 2 O(l)；
The chemical reaction taking place at the cathode plate comprises
2H 2 O(l)+ 2e - ➝ H 2 (g)↑ + 2OH - (aq)；Fe 3+ + e - ➝ Fe 2+ (aq)；
Fe produced by electrolysis 2+ By homogeneously activating persulfate reactions
Fe 2+ + HSO 5 - ➝ SO 4 •- + Fe 3+ + OH -
Or reduction reaction near the cathode plate (6)
HSO 5 - +e - ➝ SO 4 •- + OH - ；HSO 5 - +e - ➝ SO 4 2- + • OH；
Production of SO 4 •- Or • OH，SO 4 •- Or • OH degrades and kills pollutants and microorganisms in the sewage and simultaneously generates Fe (OH) 2 And Fe (OH) 3 Colloid, flocculation is generated.
Further, when the sewage flows upwards to the return pipe, part of the sewage flows back to the water inlet pipe along the return pipe, and then enters the treatment tank again for circular treatment; and part of sewage is discharged from the water outlet.
Further, persulfate flows to the lower part of the treatment tank through the dosing pipe, sewage flows into each water distribution pipe and is sprayed out from the water outlet after entering the water retaining cover, and the spraying direction of the sewage is perpendicular to the radial direction of the treatment tank, so that the water body is pushed to rotate, and the water body is fully mixed with the persulfate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the negative plates and the positive plates which are alternately arranged are adopted as electrodes, the contact area of the electrodes and sewage is large, and persulfate can be uniformly, efficiently and comprehensively activated, so that the sewage treatment effect is good, the treatment efficiency is higher, the reaction time is shortened, the power consumption is reduced, and the operation cost is reduced.
2. The cost of the traditional electrode is relatively high, so that the prior art generally adopts a cathode and an anode, and the electrode is used as a consumable material and needs to be replaced frequently, so that the operation cost is relatively high. When the iron plate is used as the anode, the cost of the iron plate is very low, and the iron plate can be replaced by a new iron plate after the anode plate is worn; when the iron plate is used as the cathode, the iron rust formed on the iron plate can be removed in time by regularly exchanging the cathode and the anode, and the loss is low. The cost of the iron plate is far lower than that of the traditional electrode, so that a plurality of dense cathode plates and anode plates can be arranged, the manufacturing cost of equipment is not obviously increased, and the operation and maintenance cost is also very low.
3. Fe is generated when the iron plate is used as an anode plate 2+ So that the device has the function of Fenton reaction, can decompose more organic matters and can generate Fe (OH) 2 And Fe (OH) 3 Colloid, flocculation is generated. Compared with the traditional Fenton reaction, the method produces less iron mud.
4. Adopts the advanced oxidation process of the persulfate process through electric activation, and the persulfate is activated after electrification to generate sulfate radicals (SO) with strong oxidizing property 4 •- ) Or a hydroxyl radical (C) • OH), these active substances with strong oxidizing property can effectively degrade pollutants in sewage and inactivate pathogens. In addition, positively charged Fe generated when the iron plate operates as an anode plate 2+ The iron ions can be electrostatically adsorbed with negatively charged microbial cells, and the ferrous iron permeates into the cells to inactivate the microbial cells, so that the rapid mineralization of toxic and refractory pollutants and the complete killing of pathogenic microorganisms can be synchronously realized. The effluent quality of the invention is superior to the discharge standard specified in the discharge Standard of Water pollutants for medical institutions (GB 18466-2005).
5. Compared with the traditional method for treating by putting in disinfectant, the method can more fully utilize persulfate, and the putting amount of the persulfate is obviously reduced to 0.5 mmol/L, so that the treatment cost is reduced, and the potential harm of toxic and harmful disinfection byproducts to the environment is avoided. Compared with the method for treating the medical sewage by only adopting persulfate, the method can reduce the cost by about 30 percent.
6. The vertical treatment tank is adopted in the device, the occupied area is small, the size is small, the whole transportation can be realized, the installation is convenient, and the device can be quickly applied to temporary medical institutions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a medical sewage treatment apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a medical wastewater treatment plant;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the electrode installation;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a water distributor distribution;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of the treatment of example one, comparative example one and comparative example two;
FIG. 6 (a) is the growth of E.coli before and after the treatment of example two, comparative example three and comparative example four; FIG. 6 (b) shows the DNA extraction of E.coli in example two, comparative example three and comparative example four;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the processing results of the third embodiment, the fourth embodiment and the fifth embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the results of the sixth embodiment.
Reference numerals: 1-treatment tank; 2, a water inlet; 3, water outlet; 4-a medicine feeding pipe; 5, an electrode fixing frame; 6-a cathode plate; 7, an anode plate; 8-power line; 9-a return pipe; 10-water inlet pipe; 11-a water retaining cover; 12-water distribution pipe; 13-emptying the pipe; 14-manhole.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the drawings.
The medical sewage treatment device of the invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, comprises a treatment tank 1, wherein the treatment tank 1 comprises a cylindrical tank body, a top cover plate and a bottom spherical crown, and the whole treatment tank 1 is made of stainless steel with strong corrosion resistance or carbon steel with strong pressure resistance and is provided with an insulating lining. The top cover plate is connected with the tank body through bolts and can be quickly detached.
When this device is used for epidemic prevention medical institution, have good leakproofness between top apron and the can body for medical sewage is in inclosed environment, prevents that sewage from revealing, avoids harmful microorganisms such as virus in the medical sewage to pass through the aerosol and spreads simultaneously. When the device is used in general hospitals to treat medical wastewater without viruses, a top cover plate can be omitted, and equipment is simplified.
The outer wall of bottom spherical crown has set up a plurality of supporting legs for support whole processing jar 1, make processing jar 1 be in suitable height, so that arrange inlet channel etc..
The bottom of the treatment tank 1 is provided with a water inlet 2, and the upper part is provided with a water outlet 3 and a chemical feeding pipe 4 for adding persulfate. The water inlet 2 is positioned at the bottom of the spherical crown at the bottom and is connected with a water inlet pipe 10, and the water inlet pipe 10 can be connected with a medical sewage discharge pipe and is used for introducing medical sewage into the treatment tank 1. The water inlet pipe 10 is provided with a water delivery pump for providing sewage flow power, so that sewage can enter the treatment tank 1 and flow upwards. The water inlet pipe 10 is also provided with a check valve, an electromagnetic valve and the like, which can prevent sewage from flowing back and control the on-off of the water inlet pipe 10. The water outlet 3 is positioned at the top of the tank body and used for discharging the treated sewage.
The upper end of the chemical feeding pipe 4 is connected with a chemical feeding device, and the lower end of the chemical feeding pipe 4 extends downwards to the lower part of the treatment tank 1. The medicine adding device is used for uniformly adding persulfate solution to the bottom of the treatment tank 1, so that the persulfate solution is mixed with sewage. The chemical adding device adopts the existing intelligent chemical adding device, can add chemicals at a constant speed, runs fully automatically, uses corrosion-resistant materials at the part in the device, which is in contact with persulfate liquid medicine, and can prolong the service life of the device. The sewage is delivered into the treatment tank 1 through the dosing pipe 4 at regular time and quantity according to the flow change of the sewage and the requirement of proportion, and the dosing pipeline is provided with a check valve and an electromagnetic valve in series to prevent the sewage from flowing backwards to enter the dosing device.
Be provided with electrode fixing frame 5 in the 1 inner chamber of processing jar, be provided with the vertical negative plate 6 of polylith and the vertical anode plate 7 of polylith in the electrode fixing frame 5, negative plate 6 and anode plate 7 set up in turn, and have the interval between adjacent negative plate 6 and the anode plate 7, one side adopts iron plate in negative plate 6 and the anode plate 7, but another side selection iron plate, aluminum plate, the copper, corrosion resistant plate, the graphite plate, the carbon felt, one kind in foam nickel or the ruthenium iridium titanium board, and negative plate 6 and anode plate 7 are connected with power cord 8 respectively, power cord 8 stretches out processing jar 1.
As shown in fig. 3, the electrode fixing frame 5 is a rectangular frame, and the frame may be made of an insulating material. The cathode plate 6 and the anode plate 7 are rectangular plates with regular shapes, slots are formed in the inner side wall of the frame, the cathode plate 6 and the anode plate 7 are inserted into the slots, and after the cathode plate 6 and the anode plate 7 are damaged, the old cathode plate 6 and the old anode plate 7 can be quickly taken out and replaced by new cathode plate 6 and new anode plate 7. The lateral wall of can body is provided with the through wires hole, and the power cord 8 of negative pole and positive pole runs through the through wires hole, and insulation treatment and sealing process are done to the through wires hole, prevent the weeping and avoid causing the electric shock electric leakage accident because the can body is electrically conductive. A direct current power supply is arranged outside the tank body, and the cathode plate 6 and the anode plate 7 are respectively connected with the cathode and the anode of the direct current power supply through power lines 8.
Medical sewage can flow into the space between the cathode plate 6 and the anode plate 7 from the lower part, through arranging the cathode plate 6 and the anode plate 7 which are alternated, the distance between the adjacent cathode plate 6 and the anode plate 7 is not more than 20cm, the distance between the cathode plate 6 and the anode plate 7 is small, the arrangement is dense, the total area contacted with the sewage is large, persulfate can be uniformly, efficiently and comprehensively activated, and more sulfate radicals (SO) are generated in unit volume and unit time 4 •- ) Or a hydroxyl radical (C) • OH) to increase the decomposition rate and degradation efficiency of the contaminants.
The cost of the traditional electrode is relatively high, so that the prior art generally adopts a cathode and an anode, and the electrode is used as a consumable material and needs to be replaced frequently, so that the operation cost is relatively high. When the iron plate is used as the anode, the cost of the iron plate is very low, and the iron plate can be replaced by a new iron plate after the anode plate is worn; when the iron plate is used as the cathode, the iron rust formed on the iron plate can be removed in time by periodically and alternately using the cathode and the anode, and the loss is low. Therefore, a plurality of dense cathode plates and anode plates can be arranged, the equipment cost is not obviously increased, and the operation and maintenance cost is very low.
The side wall of the upper part of the treatment tank 1 is provided with a return pipe 9, and the return pipe 9 is connected with a water inlet pipe 10. The tie point of back flow 9 and treatment tank 1 is less than delivery port 3, and when sewage upflow to the last port of back flow 9, can flow back to inlet tube 10 downwards along back flow 9, then reentrant treatment tank 1 carries out the repeated processing, improves the treatment effect. When the sewage liquid level reaches the water outlet 3, the sewage is discharged from the water outlet 3.
Under the action of the water delivery pump, medical sewage has a larger impact effect after entering the water inlet 2, and a water retaining cover 11 is arranged above the water inlet 2. The sewage receives stopping of water retaining cover 11 after getting into treatment tank 1, only can follow water retaining cover 11 and flow upward on every side, prevents that rivers from directly impacting negative plate 6 and anode plate 7 and leading to negative plate 6 and anode plate 7 unstable, also makes the sewage that is being handled between negative plate 6 and the anode plate 7 flow at the uniform velocity steadily simultaneously, improves treatment effect.
The water retaining cover 11 is conical, the top point is upward, the lower end is opened, and the cone angle = 45-90 degrees. The lower port of the water retaining cover 11 is connected with the bottom wall of the treatment tank 1, and the lower port of the water retaining cover 11 covers the water inlet 2, as shown in fig. 4, at least three water distribution pipes 12 are arranged around the water retaining cover 11, the length direction of the water distribution pipes 12 is coincident with the radial direction of the treatment tank 1, one end of each water distribution pipe 12 extends into the water retaining cover 11, the other end of each water distribution pipe is provided with a water outlet, and the water outlet direction of the water outlet is horizontal and perpendicular to the water distribution pipes 12.
In order to uniformly mix the persulfate and the medical sewage, stirring is generally required, and a stirring mechanism is usually arranged for stirring, so that the arrangement of the stirring mechanism causes the mechanism of the equipment to be complicated, the power consumption to be increased, the weight to be increased, and the manufacturing cost and the running cost to be increased. Therefore, the invention arranges the water retaining cover 11 and the plurality of uniformly distributed water distributing pipes 12, the sewage enters the treatment tank 1 and then is positioned below the water retaining cover 11, then enters each water distributing pipe 12 and finally is discharged from the water outlet, and the discharge direction is vertical to the radial direction of the treatment tank 1, so the water body can be pushed to rotate to form rotational flow, the automatic stirring function is realized, and the concentration polarization problem possibly generated in the electrolysis process is effectively improved. 90-degree elbows can be arranged at the end parts of the water distribution pipes 12, and the outlets of the elbows are used as water outlets. The lower extreme of dosing pipe 4 vertically extends to the lower part of handling jar 1 for horizontal spun sewage can direct impact persulfate, makes sewage and persulfate intensive mixing.
The lower part of the treatment tank 1 is provided with an emptying pipe 13, the emptying pipe 13 is positioned on the side wall of the spherical crown at the bottom, and the emptying pipe 13 is provided with a valve. In the sewage treatment gap, a valve can be opened to discharge iron mud or sewage. The body of the treatment tank 1 is provided with a manhole 14, which is convenient for daily maintenance and replacement of parts.
The medical sewage treatment method of the invention comprises the following steps:
the power lines 8 of the cathode plate 6 and the anode plate 7 are connected with a direct current power supply.
Medical sewage lets in from water inlet 2 and handles jar 1, lets in the lower part of handling jar 1 with persulfate from adding pencil 4 simultaneously, and after persulfate and medical sewage mixed, the concentration of persulfate was about 0.5 mmol/L, and persulfate and medical sewage mixed back upflow to between negative plate 6 and anode plate 7, the chemical reaction that anode plate 7 took place includes
Fe (s)- 2e - ➝ Fe 2+ (aq)；4OH - - 4e - ➝ O 2 (g)↑ + 2H 2 O(l)。
The chemical reaction taking place at the cathode plate 6 comprises
2H 2 O(l)+ 2e - ➝ H 2 (g)↑ + 2OH - (aq)；Fe 3+ + e - ➝ Fe 2+ (aq)；
When the anode plate 7 is made of iron plate, the electrons are lost after the electrification to generate Fe 2+ ，Fe 2+ Can be electrostatically adsorbed with negatively charged microorganism cells, and ferrous iron can penetrate into the cells to inactivate the microorganism cells, and Fe 2+ Can be prepared by homogeneous phase activation persulfate reaction
Fe 2+ + HSO 5 - ➝ SO 4 •- + Fe 3+ + OH -
Or reduction reactions taking place in the vicinity of the cathode plate 6
HSO 5 - +e - ➝ SO 4 •- + OH - ；HSO 5 - +e - ➝ SO 4 2- + • OH；
Production of SO 4 •- Or • OH，SO 4 •- Or • OH degrades and kills pollutants and microorganisms in the sewage. Fe produced by electrolysis 2+ Is easy to be oxidized into Fe 3+ ，Fe 2+ 、Fe 3+ With OH - Combine to form Fe (OH) 2 And Fe (OH) 3 The colloid generates flocculation to form iron mud and reduce suspended matters in the sewage.
In addition, fe 3+ Activation of persulfates produces less oxidizing than SO 4 •- Monopersulfate radical (SO) of 5 •- ）：Fe 3+ + HSO 5 - ➝ SO 5 •- + Fe 2+ + H + 。
In the reaction process, various drug residues and microorganisms in the sewage can be fully degraded, mineralized and sterilized, and the content of pollutants in the medical sewage is greatly reduced.
The sewage flows upwards to the water outlet 3 after passing through the electrode plate and is discharged from the water outlet 3. Water outlet 3 can be provided with water quality on-line monitoring equipment for detecting the concentration of the effluent pollutants so as to judge the treatment effect.
When the sewage flows upwards to the return pipe 9, part of the sewage flows back to the water inlet pipe 10 along the return pipe 9 and then enters the treatment tank 1 again for circular treatment; part of sewage is discharged from the water outlet 3, and the treatment effect can be ensured through multiple times of purification.
Persulfate flows to the lower part of the treatment tank 1 through the dosing pipe 4, sewage enters the water retaining cover 11 and then flows into each water distribution pipe 12 and is sprayed out from the water outlet, and the spraying direction of the sewage is perpendicular to the radial direction of the treatment tank 1, so that the water body is pushed to rotate, and the water body and the persulfate are fully mixed.
Because persulfate oxidizer is added when medical sewage is treated, many active oxygen substances with strong oxidizing property can be generated in the process of electric activation, and in order to prolong the service life of the device, various pipelines, valves, pumps and other elements are made of corrosion-resistant materials, such as stainless steel materials with strong corrosion resistance, corrosion-resistant stainless steel seamless steel pipes and the like.
Example one
The sewage to be treated is Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) simulated medical sewage with the concentration of 8 mu mol/L, and the sewage to be treated contains 20 mmol/L of Na besides target pollutants 2 SO 4 The electrolyte solution adjusts the initial pH value of the sewage to 3.0 before the sewage treatment, and comprises the following specific steps:
by adopting the medical sewage treatment device, SMX simulation medical sewage to be treated is continuously input into the treatment tank 1 through the water inlet 2 under the power action of the water delivery pump, the direct-current power supply and the persulfate dosing device which are connected with the cathode plate 6 and the anode plate 7 are started simultaneously, the concentration of persulfate is about 0.5 mmol/L, and the sewage treatment process is started. The concentration of the SMX is detected by sampling in real time in the sewage treatment process, and the result shows that the removal rate of the SMX by the electroactive persulfate treatment reaches 100% when the treatment time is 8min, as shown in figure 5.
Comparative example 1
In this comparative example, there was provided a method of treating only toxic hardly degradable drug-containing medical wastewater by electrolysis without adding a persulfate liquid, wherein the wastewater to be treated was Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) simulant medical wastewater having a concentration of 8. Mu. Mol/L, and the wastewater to be treated contained 20 mmol/L of Na in addition to the target contaminants 2 SO 4 Electrolyte solution, which adjusts the initial pH value of the sewage to 3.0 before the sewage treatment. The sewage treatment apparatus used in this comparative example was identical to that of example one, except that no persulfate solution was added, and the operation was also identical to that of example one. The method comprises the following specific steps:
by adopting the medical sewage treatment device, SMX simulation medical sewage to be treated is continuously input into the treatment tank 1 through the water inlet 2 under the power action of the water delivery pump, and simultaneously, the direct current power supply connected with the cathode plate 6 and the anode plate 7 is started to start the sewage treatment process. The SMX concentration is detected by sampling in real time in the sewage treatment process, and as shown in FIG. 5, the result shows that when the treatment time is 15 min, the SMX removal rate of only electrolytic treatment is only 51.89%.
Comparative example No. two
In this comparative example, electrolysis was not carried out by applying electricity, and a method for treating medical wastewater containing a toxic hardly-degradable drug by adding only a persulfate solution was provided, wherein the wastewater to be treated was Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) simulated medical wastewater having a concentration of 8. Mu. Mol/L, and the wastewater to be treated contained 20 mmol/L of Na in addition to the target contaminants 2 SO 4 Electrolyte solution, which adjusts the initial pH value of the sewage to 3.0 before the sewage treatment. The sewage treatment apparatus used in this comparative example was exactly the same as that of example 1, except that electrolysis was performed without applying electricity, and the operation was also exactly the same as that of example 1. The method comprises the following specific steps:
by adopting the medical sewage treatment device, SMX simulation medical sewage to be treated is continuously input into the treatment tank 1 through the water inlet 2 under the power action of the water delivery pump, and simultaneously the persulfate dosing device is started, so that the concentration of persulfate is about 0.5 mmol/L, and the sewage treatment process is started. The concentration of the SMX is detected by sampling in real time in the sewage treatment process, and as shown in FIG. 5, the result shows that when the treatment time is 15 min, the removal rate of the SMX is only 23% by only adding persulfate liquid medicine.
As can be seen from the first embodiment, the first comparative example and the second comparative example, as shown in FIG. 5, compared with the treatment only by electrolysis and the treatment only by adding persulfate solution, the method for electrically activating persulfate described in the device has better treatment effect on the medical sewage containing the toxic and non-degradable drugs, and can significantly improve the pollutant degradation efficiency.
Example two
The sewage to be treated contains model bacteria with the concentration of 3 multiplied by 10 8 The simulated medical sewage of CFU/mL escherichia coli contains 20 mmol/L Na in addition to target pollutants in the sewage to be treated 2 SO 4 The electrolyte solution adjusts the initial pH value of the sewage to 3.0 before the sewage treatment, and comprises the following specific steps:
by adopting the medical sewage treatment device, the simulated medical sewage containing escherichia coli to be treated is continuously input into the treatment tank 1 through the water inlet 2 under the power action of the water delivery pump, the direct-current power supply and the persulfate dosing device which are connected with the cathode plate 6 and the anode plate 7 are started simultaneously, the concentration of persulfate is about 0.5 mmol/L, and the sewage treatment process is started. The treated water sample was inoculated and cultured as shown in FIG. 6a, and the results showed that 100% of E.coli was removed after the treatment with electroactive persulfate. As shown in (2) and (5) of FIG. 6b, DNA was not extracted from the wastewater (5) after the treatment with the electroactive persulfate as compared with the original wastewater (2), indicating that the treatment achieved complete inactivation of the target microorganisms.
Comparative example No. three
In this comparative example, a method for treating only medical sewage containing pathogenic microorganisms by electrolysis without adding a persulfate solution was provided, and the treated water contained model bacteria at a concentration of 3X 10 8 The simulated medical sewage of CFU/mL escherichia coli contains 20 mmol/L Na in addition to target pollutants in the sewage to be treated 2 SO 4 Electrolyte solution, which adjusts the initial pH value of the sewage to 3.0 before the sewage treatment. The sewage treatment apparatus used in this comparative example was identical to that of example two, except that no persulfate solution was added, and the operation was also identical to that of example two. The method comprises the following specific steps:
by adopting the medical sewage treatment device, the simulated medical sewage containing escherichia coli to be treated is continuously input into the treatment tank 1 through the water inlet 2 under the power action of the water delivery pump, and simultaneously, the direct-current power supply connected with the cathode plate 6 and the anode plate 7 is started to start the sewage treatment process. The treated water sample was inoculated and cultured as shown in FIG. 2a, and the results showed that Escherichia coli was hardly removed by the electrolysis only process. As shown in (2) and (3) of FIG. 6b, a significant DNA band could be extracted from the wastewater after only the electrolysis process treatment (3) compared to the original wastewater (2), indicating that the treatment process could not achieve complete inactivation of the target microorganism.
Comparative example No. four
In the comparative example, electrolysis was carried out without energization, and a method for treating medical wastewater containing pathogenic microorganisms by adding persulfate solution alone was provided, wherein the treated water contained a moldThe concentration of type bacteria is 3 × 10 8 The simulated medical sewage of CFU/mL escherichia coli contains 20 mmol/L Na besides target pollutants in the sewage to be treated 2 SO 4 Electrolyte solution, which adjusts the initial pH value of the sewage to 3.0 before the sewage treatment. The wastewater treatment apparatus used in this comparative example was identical to that of example two, except that electrolysis was performed without applying electricity, and the operation was also identical to that of example two. The method comprises the following specific steps:
by adopting the medical sewage treatment device, the simulated medical sewage containing escherichia coli to be treated is continuously input into the treatment tank 1 through the water inlet 2 under the power action of the water delivery pump, and simultaneously the persulfate dosing device is started, so that the concentration of persulfate is about 0.5 mmol/L, and the sewage treatment process is started. The treated water sample was inoculated and cultured as shown in FIG. 6a, and the results showed that Escherichia coli was hardly removed by the persulfate-only liquid treatment. As shown in (2) and (4) of FIG. 6b, a significant DNA band was also extracted from the wastewater after the persulfate solution treatment alone (4) as compared to the original wastewater (2), indicating that the treatment process did not achieve complete inactivation of the target microorganism.
As can be seen from the second embodiment, the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment, compared with the electrolysis treatment and the persulfate liquor adding treatment, the method for electrically activating the persulfate, which is described by the device, has better treatment effect on the medical sewage containing the pathogenic microorganisms and can completely inactivate the pathogenic microorganisms.
EXAMPLE III
The sewage to be treated is Carbamazepine (CBZ) simulated medical sewage with the concentration of 8 mu mol/L, and the sewage to be treated contains 20 mmol/L of Na besides target pollutants 2 SO 4 The electrolyte solution is used for adjusting the initial pH value of the sewage to 3.0 before the sewage treatment, and comprises the following specific steps:
by adopting the medical sewage treatment device, CBZ simulated medical sewage to be treated is continuously input into the treatment tank 1 through the water inlet 2 under the power action of the water delivery pump, and the direct-current power supply and the persulfate dosing device which are connected with the cathode plate 6 and the anode plate 7 are started simultaneously, wherein the concentration of persulfate is about 0.5 mmol/L, and the sewage treatment process is started. The real-time sampling is carried out to detect the concentration of the CBZ in the sewage treatment process, as shown in figure 7, the result shows that when the treatment time is 10 min, the removal rate of the electrically activated persulfate to the CBZ reaches 100%.
Example four
The sewage to be treated is Benzoic Acid (BA) simulated medical sewage with the concentration of 8 mu mol/L, and the sewage to be treated contains 20 mmol/L of Na besides target pollutants 2 SO 4 The electrolyte solution adjusts the initial pH value of the sewage to 3.0 before the sewage treatment, and comprises the following specific steps:
by adopting the medical sewage treatment device, BA simulation medical sewage to be treated is continuously input into the treatment tank 1 through the water inlet 2 under the power action of the water delivery pump, the direct-current power supply and the persulfate dosing device which are connected with the cathode plate 6 and the anode plate 7 are started simultaneously, the concentration of persulfate is about 0.5 mmol/L, and the sewage treatment process is started. The real-time sampling is carried out to detect the concentration of BA in the sewage treatment process, as shown in figure 7, the result shows that when the treatment time is 15 min, the removal rate of BA by the electro-activated persulfate treatment reaches 100%.
EXAMPLE five
The sewage to be treated is Metronidazole (MNZ) simulated medical sewage with the concentration of 8 mu mol/L, and the sewage to be treated contains 20 mmol/L of Na besides target pollutants 2 SO 4 The electrolyte solution is used for adjusting the initial pH value of the sewage to 3.0 before the sewage treatment, and comprises the following specific steps:
by adopting the medical sewage treatment device, MNZ simulated medical sewage to be treated is continuously input into the treatment tank 1 through the water inlet 2 under the power action of the water delivery pump, the direct-current power supply and the persulfate dosing device which are connected with the cathode plate 6 and the anode plate 7 are started simultaneously, the concentration of persulfate is about 0.5 mmol/L, and the sewage treatment process is started. The concentration of MNZ is detected by sampling in real time in the sewage treatment process, as shown in figure 7, the result shows that when the treatment time is 10 min, the removal rate of MNZ by the electro-activated persulfate treatment reaches 100%.
Example six
The sewage to be treated is Dexamethasone (DXMS) simulated medical sewage with the concentration of 5 mg/L, and the sewage to be treated also contains 50 mmol/L besides target pollutantsNa of (2) 2 SO 4 The initial pH value of the sewage is not adjusted by the electrolyte solution, and the initial pH value of the simulated sewage is 6.27, which is specifically as follows:
by adopting the medical sewage treatment device, DXMS simulation medical sewage to be treated is continuously input into the treatment tank 1 through the water inlet 2 under the power action of the water delivery pump, and simultaneously the direct current power supply and the persulfate dosing device which are connected with the cathode plate 6 and the anode plate 7 are started, wherein the concentration of persulfate is about 0.5 mmol/L, and the sewage treatment process is started. The concentration of DXMS is detected by sampling in real time in the sewage treatment process, as shown in figure 8, the result shows that the removal rate of DXMS by electrically activated persulfate treatment reaches 100% when the treatment time is 5 min.
Therefore, the invention has very good degradation or sterilization effect on drug residues and microorganisms such as sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine, benzoic acid, metronidazole, dexamethasone, escherichia coli and the like in medical sewage, the effluent quality is far superior to the discharge standard specified in the discharge Standard of Water pollutants for medical institutions (GB 18466-2005), and the problem that the existing medical sewage treatment equipment is not thorough in sterilization and decontamination is effectively solved.
In addition, the invention also has the following advantages:
1. the equipment main part is vertical processing jar 1, has the advantage such as equipment integrated level height, modularization and place strong adaptability, space utilization is high, the installation is simple and convenient to operate, can the rapid transport to interim medical institution and install fast and use.
2. The plurality of the cathode plates 6 and the anode plates 7 which are alternately arranged are used as electrodes, the contact area of the electrodes and sewage is large, and persulfate can be uniformly, efficiently and comprehensively activated, so that the sewage treatment effect is good, and the treatment efficiency is higher.
3. The cost of the traditional electrode is relatively high, so the prior art generally adopts a cathode and an anode, and the electrode is used as a consumable material and needs to be replaced frequently, so the operation cost is relatively high. When the iron plate is used as the anode, the cost of the iron plate is very low, and the iron plate can be replaced by a new iron plate after the anode plate is worn; when the iron plate is used as the cathode, the iron rust formed on the iron plate can be removed in time by regularly and alternately replacing the cathode and the anode, and the loss is low. Therefore, a plurality of dense cathode plates and anode plates can be arranged, the manufacturing cost of equipment is not increased obviously, and the operation and maintenance cost is also very low.
4. Fe is generated when the iron plate is used as an anode plate 2+ So that the device has the function of Fenton reaction, can decompose more organic matters and can generate Fe (OH) 2 And Fe (OH) 3 Colloid, flocculation is generated. Compared with the traditional Fenton reaction, the method produces less iron mud.
5. Compared with the traditional method for treating by adding the disinfectant, the method can more fully utilize the persulfate, and the adding amount of the persulfate is obviously reduced, so that the treatment cost is reduced, and the potential harm of toxic and harmful disinfection byproducts to the environment is avoided. Compared with the method for treating the medical sewage by only adopting persulfate, the method can reduce the cost by about 30 percent.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. Medical sewage treatment plant, its characterized in that: the device comprises a treatment tank (1), wherein a water inlet (2) is formed in the bottom of the treatment tank (1), a water outlet (3) and a chemical adding pipe (4) for adding persulfate are formed in the upper part of the treatment tank (1), and the chemical adding pipe (4) extends downwards to the lower part of the treatment tank (1); handle and be provided with electrode fixed frame (5) in jar (1) inner chamber, be provided with the vertical negative plate of polylith (6) and the vertical anode plate of polylith (7) in electrode fixed frame (5), negative plate (6) and anode plate (7) set up in turn, and have the interval between adjacent negative plate (6) and anode plate (7), one side adopts iron plate in negative plate (6) and anode plate (7), and the other side is one of iron plate, aluminum plate, copper, corrosion resistant plate, graphite plate, carbon felt, foam nickel or iridium titanium board, and negative plate (6) and anode plate (7) are connected with power cord (8) respectively, power cord (8) stretch out and handle jar (1).
2. The medical sewage treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the side wall of the upper part of the treatment tank (1) is provided with a return pipe (9), the return pipe (9) is connected with a water inlet pipe (10), and the water inlet pipe (10) is connected with the water inlet (2).
3. The medical wastewater treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: a water retaining cover (11) is arranged above the water inlet (2).
4. The medical wastewater treatment apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the water treatment device is characterized in that the lower end of the water retaining cover (11) is opened, the lower end opening of the water retaining cover (11) is connected with the bottom wall of the treatment tank (1), the lower end opening of the water retaining cover (11) covers the water inlet (2), at least three water distribution pipes (12) are arranged around the water retaining cover (11), the length directions of the water distribution pipes (12) are overlapped with the radial direction of the treatment tank (1), one ends of the water distribution pipes (12) stretch into the water retaining cover (11), the other ends of the water distribution pipes are provided with water outlets, and the water outlet directions of the water outlets are horizontal and perpendicular to the water distribution pipes (12).
5. The medical wastewater treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: an emptying pipe (13) is arranged at the lower part of the treatment tank (1), and a valve is arranged on the emptying pipe (13); the body of the treatment tank (1) is provided with a manhole (14).
6. The method for medical sewage treatment of a medical sewage treatment apparatus according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, wherein:
connecting power lines (8) of the cathode plate (6) and the anode plate (7) with a direct current power supply;
medical wastewater is introduced into the treatment tank (1) from the water inlet (2), persulfate is introduced into the lower part of the treatment tank (1) from the chemical feeding pipe (4), the persulfate and the medical wastewater are mixed and then flow upwards to a position between the cathode plate (6) and the anode plate (7), and the chemical reaction of the anode plate (7) comprises
Fe (s)- 2e - ➝ Fe 2+ (aq)；4OH - - 4e - ➝ O 2 (g)↑ + 2H 2 O(l)；
The chemical reaction taking place at the cathode plate (6) comprises
2H 2 O(l)+ 2e - ➝ H 2 (g)↑ + 2OH - (aq)；Fe 3+ + e - ➝ Fe 2+ (aq)；
Fe produced by electrolysis 2+ By homogeneously activating persulfate reactions
Fe 2+ + HSO 5 - ➝ SO 4 •- + Fe 3+ + OH -
Or reduction reaction near the cathode plate (6)
HSO 5 - +e - ➝ SO 4 •- + OH - ；HSO 5 - +e - ➝ SO 4 2- + • OH；
Production of SO 4 •- Or • OH，SO 4 •- Or • OH degrades and kills pollutants and microorganisms in the sewage and simultaneously generates Fe (OH) 2 And Fe (OH) 3 Colloid, flocculation is generated.
7. The medical wastewater treatment method according to claim 6, wherein: when the sewage flows upwards to the return pipe (9), part of the sewage flows back to the water inlet pipe (10) along the return pipe (9), and then enters the treatment tank (1) again for circular treatment; part of the sewage is discharged from the water outlet (3).
8. The medical wastewater treatment method according to claim 6, wherein: persulfate flows to the lower part of the treatment tank (1) through the chemical adding pipe (4), sewage enters the water retaining cover (11) and then flows into each water distribution pipe (12) and is sprayed out from the water outlet, and the spraying direction of the sewage is perpendicular to the radial direction of the treatment tank (1) to push the water body to rotate, so that the water body is fully mixed with the persulfate.
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| CN116332297B (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-08-22 | 四川省生态环境科学研究院 | Skid-mounted combined sewage treatment device |
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