Disclosure of Invention
The first object of the invention is to provide a welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding, which makes the grains of a ZM5 alloy casting welding zone finer, thereby reducing the tendency of welding cracks.
The second aim of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding, which has simple steps and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
In order to achieve the above object of the present invention, the following technical solutions are specifically adopted:
the invention provides a welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
0.1% -0.15% of Ce, 0.2% -0.4% of Zn, 0.24% -0.36% of Mn, 6.5% -7.5% of Al and the balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities.
Further, the welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
0.12% -0.13% of Ce, 0.22% -0.28% of Zn, 0.30% -0.35% of Mn, 6.9% -7.2% of Al and the balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities.
Further, the impurities include one or more of Si, fe, ni, cu, be and Zr.
Further, in the welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding, the mass percentage of Si is less than or equal to 0.15 percent.
Further, in the welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding, the mass percentage of Ni is less than or equal to 0.005%.
Further, in the welding wire special for the ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding, the mass percentage of Cu is less than or equal to 0.05 percent.
Further, the diameter of the welding wire special for the ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding is 2.5-3.5 mm.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding, which comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting and pouring raw materials which are mixed according to the composition of each element to obtain a bar stock;
and S2, heating the bar to 250-400 ℃, and extruding to obtain the welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding.
Further, in step S1, the smelting includes any one of gas-shielded smelting, solvent-shielded smelting, and vacuum smelting.
Further, in step S2, the process further includes finish turning the bar before heating;
after finish turning treatment, the diameter of the bar stock is 100-120 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding, the components of the welding wire are adjusted, the content of trace elements is increased, so that the melting point of the welding wire is lower than that of ZM5 magnesium alloy, and the antioxidation capability is improved, so that the welding wire can realize sequential solidification from a body, a welding transition zone, a welding zone and a final arc receiving zone in the process of ZM5 magnesium alloy welding, and the welding stress is reduced; the alloy is used for welding ZM5 alloy, weld grains can be greatly thinned, weld zone tissues and grains are finer, larger stress can be born, the quality of ZM5 alloy welding joints is obviously improved, and cracks are reduced.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples described below are some, but not all, examples of the present invention, and are intended to be illustrative of the present invention only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
The invention provides a welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding and a preparation method thereof.
In some embodiments of the invention, a welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding is provided, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
0.1% -0.15% of Ce, 0.2% -0.4% of Zn, 0.24% -0.36% of Mn, 6.5% -7.5% of Al and the balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities.
In the argon arc welding process of the ZM5 alloy casting, the ZM5 alloy casting has wide crystallization zone and poor welding performance, and the argon arc welding cooling speed of the ZM5 magnesium alloy is very fast, so that the problems of large crystal grains in a welding zone, low joint strength, easy occurrence of cracks at a welding joint and the like are easy to exist. The welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding provided by the invention is used for ZM5 alloy welding by adjusting the components of the welding wire, so that the welding stress can be reduced, the welding area crystal grains can be thinned, the welding seam crystal grains can be greatly thinned, the welding seam crystal grains can bear larger stress, the quality of a ZM5 alloy welding joint can be obviously improved, and the occurrence of cracks can be reduced.
In the welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding, the Ce content is less than 0.1 weight percent or more than 0.15 weight percent, and cracks are increased; zn content is less than 0.2wt%, and after heat treatment, the mechanical property of the joint is low, and crack tendency is increased when Zn content is more than 0.4 wt%; mn content < 0.24wt% or > 0.36wt%, weld cracking tendency increases; the Al content is less than 6.5wt% and the mechanical property of the joint is low, and the crack tendency is increased more than 7.5 wt%.
The ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding special welding wire is typical but not limiting, for example, the mass percent of Ce is 0.1%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15% and the like;
the mass percentage of Zn is 0.2%, 0.21%, 0.22%, 0.23%, 0.24%, 0.25%, 0.26%, 0.27%, 0.28%, 0.29%, 0.30%, 0.31%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.34%, 0.35%, 0.36%, 0.37%, 0.38%, 0.39% or 0.4%, etc.;
mn in a mass percentage of 0.24%, 0.25%, 0.26%, 0.27%, 0.28%, 0.29%, 0.30%, 0.31%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.34%, 0.35% or 0.36%, etc.;
the mass percentage of Al is 6.5%, 6.6%, 6.7%, 6.8%, 6.9%, 7.0%, 7.1%, 7.2%, 7.3%, 7.4% or 7.5%, etc.;
in some embodiments of the invention, a welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
0.12% -0.13% of Ce, 0.22% -0.28% of Zn, 0.30% -0.35% of Mn, 6.9% -7.2% of Al and the balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities.
In order to further improve the performance of the welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding, the content of each component of the welding wire is further optimized, so that the welding wire has more excellent performance.
The ZM5 alloy casting has wider crystallization range, poorer welding performance and extremely easy generation of defects such as cracks in the welding process.
The welding wire with the same chemical composition as the base metal is mainly used in the welding process of the ZM5 alloy casting, however, the welding wire has the problems of larger welding area grains, easiness in occurrence of hot cracks at a welding joint and the like in the welding process.
The ZM5 alloy is rare earth cerium and zinc reinforced alloy, and has good casting performance and high-temperature strength.
The ZM5 alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
7.5-9.0% of Al, 0.15-0.5% of Mn, 0.2-0.8% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.25% of Si, less than or equal to 0.08% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.001% of Ni, less than or equal to 0.1% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.002% of Be, less than or equal to 0.002% of Zr, and the balance of Mg.
According to the welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding, the components of the welding wire are adjusted, the content of rare earth trace elements is increased, so that the melting point of the welding wire is lower than that of ZM5 magnesium alloy, and the antioxidation capability is improved, so that the welding wire can realize sequential solidification from a body, a welding transition zone, a welding zone and a final arc receiving zone in the process of ZM5 magnesium alloy welding, and the welding stress is reduced; by adding the rare earth Ce with specific content, the weld zone structure and the crystal grains are promoted to be finer, and larger stress can be borne, so that the tendency of welding cracks is greatly reduced.
In some specific embodiments of the invention, the mass percentage of Zn in the welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding is 0.24% -0.26%.
In some specific embodiments of the invention, the mass percentage of Mn in the welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding is 0.30% -0.31%.
In some specific embodiments of the invention, the mass percentage of Al in the welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding is 7.1% -7.2%.
In some embodiments of the invention, the welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding also comprises unavoidable impurities; unavoidable impurities include one or more of Si, fe, ni, cu and Be.
In some embodiments of the invention, the mass percentage of Si in the welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding is less than or equal to 0.15 percent.
In some embodiments of the invention, the mass percent of Ni in the welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding is less than or equal to 0.005%.
In some embodiments of the invention, the mass percent of Cu in the welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding is less than or equal to 0.05 percent.
In some specific embodiments of the present invention, in the welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding, the content of Si is less than or equal to 0.15wt%, the content of Fe is less than or equal to 0.05wt%, the content of Ni is less than or equal to 0.005wt%, the content of Cu is less than or equal to 0.05wt% and the content of Be is less than or equal to 0.001wt%.
In some embodiments of the invention, a welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding consists of the following components in percentage by mass:
0.1-0.15% of Ce, 0.2-0.4% of Zn, 0.24-0.36% of Mn, 6.5-7.5% of Al, less than or equal to 0.15% of Si, less than or equal to 0.05% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.005% of Ni, less than or equal to 0.05% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.001% of Be, and the balance of Mg.
Preferably, the welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding consists of the following components in percentage by mass:
0.12-0.13% of Ce, 0.24-0.0.26% of Zn, 0.30-0.31% of Mn, 7.0-7.1% of Al, less than or equal to 0.15% of Si, less than or equal to 0.05% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.005% of Ni, less than or equal to 0.05% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.001% of Be, and the balance of Mg.
In some embodiments of the invention, the diameter of the welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding is 2.5-3.5 mm; preferably, the diameter of the welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding is 2.8-3.2 mm; more preferably, the diameter of the welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding is 3mm.
The welding wire special for the ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding with the size is beneficial to improving the welding effect. The welding wire is thicker, the welding current required in the welding process is larger, and cracks are easy to generate; the welding wire is thinner, the welding current is smaller, and cold insulation is easy to generate.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding, which comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting and pouring raw materials which are mixed according to the composition of each element to obtain a bar stock;
and S2, heating the bar to 250-400 ℃, and extruding to obtain the welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step S1, smelting includes any one of gas-shielded smelting, solvent-shielded smelting, and vacuum smelting.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step S2, the bar is further subjected to finish turning before heating; after finish turning treatment, the diameter of the bar stock is 100-120 mm.
In some specific embodiments of the invention, the preparation method of the welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting and pouring raw materials which are mixed according to the composition of each element to obtain a bar stock;
s2, carrying out finish turning treatment on the bar until the diameter of the bar is 100-120 mm, heating the bar to 250-350 ℃, and extruding to obtain the ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding special welding wire.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step S2, the bar is heated to 300 ℃.
The features and capabilities of the present invention are described in further detail below in connection with the examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding and a preparation method thereof, and the components of the welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Specifically, the preparation method of the welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out gas protection smelting and gravity casting on raw materials mixed according to the elements to obtain a bar stock with the diameter of 120mm and the height of 120 mm;
s2, carrying out finish turning treatment on the bar until the diameter of the bar is 110mm and the height of the bar is 100mm, heating the bar to 300 ℃, extruding to obtain a ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding special welding wire with the diameter of 3mm, and shearing the ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding special welding wire with the diameter of 3mm into a length of 1 m.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides ZM5 magnesium alloy welding wires and a preparation method thereof, and the components of the welding wires special for argon arc welding of ZM5 alloy castings are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Specifically, the preparation method of the ZM5 magnesium alloy welding wire comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out gas protection smelting and gravity casting on raw materials mixed according to the composition of each element to obtain a bar stock with the diameter of 120mm and the height of 120 mm;
s2, carrying out finish turning treatment on the bar until the diameter of the bar is 110mm and the height of the bar is 100mm, heating the bar to 300 ℃, extruding to obtain a ZM5 magnesium alloy welding wire with the diameter of 3mm, and cutting the ZM5 magnesium alloy welding wire with the diameter of 3mm into a length of 1 m.
Test example 1
The ZM5 alloy was welded by argon arc welding using the welding wire 1# dedicated for argon arc welding of the ZM5 alloy casting of example 1, and the metallurgical quality and microstructure of the welded member were tested to obtain a metallographic structure diagram, and the results are shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3. Wherein, FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure diagram of the joint of the welding area; FIG. 2 is a metallographic structure diagram of a ZM5 magnesium alloy body; fig. 3 is a metallographic structure diagram of the welding area.
As can be seen from FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, the ZM5 alloy was argon arc welded using the ZM5 alloy cast argon arc welding dedicated wire 1# in example 1, and the obtained weld zone had fine crystal grains and a size of about 30. Mu.m.
The ZM5 alloy was argon arc welded using the welding wires 1# to 3# dedicated to the argon arc welding of the ZM5 alloy casting of example 1 and the welding wires 4# to 6# of the ZM5 magnesium alloy of comparative example 1, and the welded lands were subjected to microstructure testing to obtain the average grain size (the value of the average grain size is an integer) of the lands, and the presence or absence of cracks was observed, and the results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Table 3
As can be seen from Table 3, the welding wire special for ZM5 alloy casting argon arc welding is used for carrying out argon arc welding on ZM5 alloy, which is beneficial to refining the grains of a welding area and reducing the crack tendency.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.