CN115778318B - Visible light OCT system based on double-spectrometer detection and image reconstruction method - Google Patents
Visible light OCT system based on double-spectrometer detection and image reconstruction method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a visible light OCT system based on double-spectrometer detection and an image reconstruction method, which are used for acquiring a first interference light signal of a first spectrometer and a second interference light signal of a second spectrometer; the first interference light signal and the second interference light signal are subjected to difference, and a direct current signal and an autocorrelation signal in the interference signals are removed to obtain a cross-correlation signal; sequentially performing k-domain linear interpolation, dispersion compensation and fast Fourier transformation on the obtained cross-correlation signals to obtain an image reconstruction result; the invention can greatly improve the scanning speed of the OCT system by subtracting the signals acquired by the two spectrometers to inhibit noise compared with a method for prolonging the exposure time to inhibit noise.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical coherence tomography, in particular to a visible light OCT system based on double-spectrometer detection and an image reconstruction method.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
Optical coherence tomography (Optical Coherence Tomography, OCT for short) is a three-dimensional tomography method based on the principle of low coherence light interference. The method acquires the cross section and the three-dimensional image in the sample tissue by measuring the reflected light or the back scattered light of the sample tissue, has the advantages of high resolution, non-contact, non-invasive, high real-time performance, high sensitivity and the like, and is widely applied to diagnosis of diseases such as ophthalmology, cardiovascular diseases, skin and the like. Since the OCT technology is invented, a near infrared light band light source is mostly adopted for imaging, and the near infrared light band light source has the advantages of low price, stable light source power, good light beam quality and the like.
Visible light OCT is an OCT technique that uses a light source of a visible light band for scanning imaging in recent years, because the wavelength of the light beam of the visible light band is shorter, and an OCT system using a near infrared light source can obtain an image of higher resolution.
The inventor finds that the light source used in the current visible light OCT technology is a supercontinuum light source, compared with the near infrared light source technology, the light source has larger relative intensity noise, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the acquired image is reduced, and the problem limits the improvement of the imaging quality of the visible light OCT technology; increasing the exposure time of the spectrometer camera can reduce the influence of the relative intensity noise of the light source to a certain extent, but increasing the exposure time can reduce the scanning speed of the spectrometer camera, increase the scanning time, and simultaneously can cause the problem of motion artifact in the scanning process to be more serious; meanwhile, compared with near infrared OCT, the visible light OCT has lower safety power for the sample arm, and the problem that the imaging quality is reduced due to weaker signal of the sample arm is faced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of high relative intensity noise of a light source, imaging quality reduction caused by low eye entering power, low scanning speed caused by long exposure time, serious motion artifacts and the like in the conventional visible light OCT technology, the invention provides a visible light OCT system based on double-spectrometer detection and an image reconstruction method.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the first aspect of the invention provides a visible light OCT system based on double-spectrometer detection.
A dual spectrometer detection based visible light OCT system comprising: the device comprises a visible light source, a first collimator, a light filter, a first coupler, a second coupler, a third coupler, a first spectrometer, a second spectrometer, a processor, a sample arm and a reference arm;
The visible light source, the first collimator, the optical filter and the first coupler are sequentially arranged along the light path, the second coupler is used for dividing the received light sent by the first coupler into two beams, and the sample arm is used for receiving the first beam splitting light sent by the second coupler;
The second coupler is also used for receiving retina reflected light or back scattered light of the sample arm and sending the retina reflected light or back scattered light to the third coupler, the light beams returned by the sample arm and the reference arm interfere in the third coupler, the third coupler is used for equally dividing the interfered light beams into two parts and sending the two parts to the first spectrometer and the second spectrometer respectively, and the processor is used for receiving output signals of the first spectrometer and the second spectrometer.
As an optional implementation manner of the first aspect of the present invention, the splitting ratio of the second coupler is 90:10, 90% of the beam of the second coupler is transmitted to the reference arm via the circulator, and 10% of the beam is transmitted to the sample arm.
As an optional implementation manner of the first aspect of the present invention, the reference arm includes a second collimator, a dispersion compensating lens, an adjustable attenuator, and a reflecting mirror sequentially arranged along the optical path, where the second collimator is configured to receive the light beam transmitted by the second port of the circulator and configured to transmit the reflected light to the second port of the circulator.
As an optional implementation manner of the first aspect of the present invention, the sample arm includes a third collimator, an XY scanning galvanometer, and a 4f system sequentially arranged along the optical path;
The third collimator is used for receiving the light beam transmitted by the second coupler and transmitting the retina reflected light or back scattered light to the second coupler; the 4f system is used to output light to the human eye and to receive retinal reflected light or backscattered light.
As an optional implementation manner of the first aspect of the present invention, the device further includes a circulator, a first port of the circulator is used for receiving the second beam transmitted by the second coupler, and the reference arm is used for receiving the second beam transmitted by the second port of the circulator;
The second port of the circulator is also for receiving reflected light of the reference arm, and the third port of the circulator is for transmitting the received reflected light of the reference arm to the third coupler.
As an optional implementation manner of the first aspect of the present invention, the splitting ratio of the third coupler is 50:50.
As an optional implementation manner of the first aspect of the present invention, the model and the parameters of the first spectrometer and the second spectrometer are the same.
The second aspect of the present invention provides an OCT system image reconstruction method.
An OCT system image reconstruction method, which uses the visible light OCT system based on double-spectrometer detection in the first aspect of the invention, comprises the following processes:
acquiring a first interference light signal of a first spectrometer and a second interference light signal of a second spectrometer;
the first interference light signal and the second interference light signal are subjected to difference, and a direct current signal and an autocorrelation signal in the interference signals are removed to obtain a cross-correlation signal;
And sequentially performing k-domain linear interpolation, dispersion compensation and fast Fourier transformation on the obtained cross-correlation signals to obtain an image reconstruction result.
As an optional implementation manner of the second aspect of the present invention, the first spectrometer and the second spectrometer use the same trigger signal to control the collection of the first interference optical signal and the second interference optical signal by the processor.
As an optional implementation manner of the second aspect of the present invention, the obtained cross-correlation signal is:
Wherein s (k) is spectral information of a visible light source, h is a response coefficient of a CCD camera of the spectrometer, R Sn is reflectivity of tissue of the sample arm at different depths, z Sn is tissue positions of return signals of the sample arm at different depths, R R is reflectivity of a reflector of a reference arm, and z R is the position of the reflector of the reference arm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. According to the visible light OCT system based on double-spectrometer detection and the image reconstruction method, interference signals in the third coupler are divided into two beams (50:50), the two beams are respectively collected by using the two spectrometers (namely the first spectrometer and the second spectrometer), the two are controlled by the same trigger signal, and then the signals collected by the two are subtracted to inhibit light source noise contained in the signals, and meanwhile direct-current signals and autocorrelation signals in the interference signals can be removed, so that the signal-to-noise ratio is improved, and the image quality is improved.
2. According to the visible light OCT system based on double-spectrometer detection and the image reconstruction method, compared with a method for suppressing noise by subtracting acquired signals of two spectrometers, the method for suppressing noise by prolonging exposure time greatly improves the scanning speed of the OCT system.
3. The invention relates to a visible light OCT system based on double-spectrometer detection and an image reconstruction method, wherein the spectral ratio of a reference arm to a sample arm is 90:10, under the condition of ensuring lower power of the eye, the power of the reference arm is improved, compared with 50:50, the back scattering light signal of the sample arm can be further amplified, and the imaging quality is improved.
Additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a visible light OCT system based on dual-spectrometer detection according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of an OCT system image reconstruction method according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the subtraction processing of signals of a spectrometer according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
Wherein, 1-a visible light source; 2-a first collimator; 3-an optical filter; 4-a first coupler; a 5-second coupler; 6-a third coupler; 7-a circulator; 8-a reference arm; 9-sample arm; 10-a first spectrometer; 11-a second spectrometer; 12-a processor; 13-the camera collects trigger signals; 14-a second collimator; 15-a dispersion compensating lens; 16-an adjustable attenuator; 17-a mirror; 18-a third collimator; 19-XY scanning galvanometer; a 20-4f system; 21-human eye.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
In the present invention, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "side", "bottom", etc. refer to an orientation or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, and are merely relational terms, which are used for convenience in describing structural relationships of various components or elements of the present invention, and do not denote any one of the components or elements of the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, terms such as "fixedly attached," "connected," "coupled," and the like are to be construed broadly and refer to either a fixed connection or an integral or removable connection; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the terms in the present invention can be determined according to circumstances by a person skilled in the relevant art or the art, and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Embodiments of the invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a visible light OCT system based on dual-spectrometer detection, including: a visible light source 1, a first collimator 2, a filter 3, a first coupler 4, a second coupler 5, a third coupler 6, a circulator 7, a first spectrometer 10, a second spectrometer 11, a processor 12, a sample arm 9 and a reference arm 8;
The visible light source 1, the first collimator 2, the optical filter 3 and the first coupler 4 are sequentially arranged along the light path, the second coupler 5 is used for dividing the received light sent by the first coupler 4 into two beams, and the sample arm 9 is used for receiving the first beam splitting light sent by the second coupler 5; the first port of the circulator 7 is used for receiving the second beam transmitted by the second coupler 5, and the reference arm 8 is used for receiving the second beam transmitted by the second port of the circulator 7;
The second port of the circulator 7 is further used for receiving the reflected light of the reference arm 8, the third port of the circulator 7 is used for sending the received reflected light of the reference arm 8 to the third coupler 6, and the second coupler 5 is further used for receiving the retina reflected light or back scattered light of the sample arm 9 and sending the received reflected light or back scattered light to the third coupler 6;
The light beams returned by the sample arm 9 and the reference arm 8 interfere in the third coupler 6, the third coupler 6 is used for equally dividing the interfered light beams into two parts and respectively sending the two parts to the first spectrometer 10 and the second spectrometer 11, and the processor 12 is used for receiving output signals of the first spectrometer 10 and the second spectrometer 11.
Optionally, the splitting ratio of the second coupler 5 is 90:10, 90% of the light beam of the second coupler 5 is transmitted to the reference arm 8 via the circulator 7, and 10% of the light beam is transmitted to the sample arm 9; it will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the splitting ratio of the second coupler 5 may be other values, such as 80:20 or 70:30, etc., as long as the ratio of the light split obtained by the reference arm 8 is greater than that of the sample arm 9, and can be selected by a person skilled in the art according to specific working conditions, which will not be repeated here,
Optionally, the reference arm 8 comprises a second collimator 14, a dispersion compensating mirror 15, an adjustable attenuator 16 and a mirror 17 arranged in sequence along the optical path, wherein the second collimator 14 is arranged to receive the light beam transmitted by the second port of the circulator 7 and to transmit the reflected light to the second port of the circulator 7.
Optionally, the sample arm 9 comprises a third collimator 18, an XY scanning galvanometer 19 and a 4f system 20 arranged in sequence along the optical path;
Wherein the third collimator 18 is configured to receive the light beam transmitted by the second coupler 5, and to transmit the retina reflected light or back-scattered light of the human eye 21 to the second coupler 5; the 4f system 20 is configured to output light to the human eye 21 and to receive light reflected or backscattered from the retina of the human eye 21.
In this embodiment, the 4f system is configured to output parallel light to the human eye, and the spectral ratio of the third coupler 6 is 50:50, the first spectrometer 10 and the second spectrometer 11 are identical in model and parameters.
In this embodiment, the visible light source1 is connected with the first collimator 2 through an optical fiber, and the second collimator 2, the optical filter 3 and the fourth coupler 4 are sequentially arranged and used for transmitting light;
The first coupler 4 is connected with the second coupler 5 through optical fibers, the second coupler 5 is connected with the third collimator 18 through optical fibers, the second coupler 5 is connected with a first port (namely an a port) of the circulator 7 through optical fibers, a second port (namely a b port) of the circulator 7 is connected with the second collimator 14 through optical fibers, and a third port (namely a c port) of the circulator 7 is connected with the third coupler 6 through optical fibers;
the second coupler 5 and the third coupler 6 are connected through optical fibers, the third coupler 6 is connected with the first spectrometer 10 and the second spectrometer 11 through optical fibers respectively, the first spectrometer 10 and the second spectrometer 12 are connected with the processor through signal lines respectively, and the processor 12 is also connected with the first spectrometer 10 and the second spectrometer 12 through trigger signal lines respectively;
The second collimator 14, the dispersion compensating lens 15, the adjustable attenuator 16 and the reflecting mirror 17 are sequentially arranged along the light path for transmitting light;
The third collimator 18, the XY scanning galvanometer 19 and the 4f system 20 are sequentially arranged along the optical path, and the output light of the third collimator 18 is converted into horizontal light by the XY scanning galvanometer 19 and then transmitted to the 4f system 20 to horizontally enter the human eye 21.
More specifically, the propagation path of light includes:
The light beam emitted by the visible light source 1 is transmitted to the first collimator 2 through an optical fiber, then enters the optical filter 3, and passes through the optical filter 3 to obtain a light beam in a visible light wave band range, and enters the first coupler 4, then is transmitted to the second coupler 5, the splitting ratio of the second coupler 5 is 90:10, 90% of the light beam of the second coupler 5 is transmitted to the reference arm 8, and 10% of the light beam is transmitted to the sample arm 9.
The light beam transmitted to the reference arm 8 enters the port a of the circulator 7, passes out of the port b and then to the collimator, becomes parallel light, and enters the mirror 17, and the light beam returned through the mirror 17 enters the port b of the circulator 7 and then passes out of the port c and is transmitted to the third coupler 6.
The beam of the sample arm 9 is transmitted to the third collimator 18, collimated into parallel light and then enters the XY scanning galvanometer 19, and then enters the human eye 21 in the form of parallel light through the 4f system 20 (the system is composed of two lenses, the position relation of the components is related to 4 focal lengths of the two lenses, so that the system is called as a 4f system, the scanning beam of the XY scanning galvanometer 19 can be changed into parallel light always passing through the pupil of the human eye through refraction of the 4f system, the range of the scanning beam is always within the range of the pupil), the beam is focused on the retina through the lens of the human eye, and the reflected light or back scattered light of the retina returns to the original path and is transmitted to the third coupler 6.
The light beam returned by the reference arm 8 and the light beam returned by the sample arm 9 interfere in the third coupler 6, then the interference signals are evenly divided into a first spectrometer 10 and a second spectrometer 11, the two spectrometers detect the light beam simultaneously, then data are respectively transmitted to the processor 12 for imaging processing, the two spectrometers acquire trigger signals by the same camera (are divided into two paths to be respectively connected with the first spectrometer 10 and the second spectrometer 11) for controlling the acquisition of signals, and the synchronization of signal acquisition is ensured.
Example 2:
As shown in fig. 2, embodiment 2 of the present invention provides an OCT system image reconstruction method, which includes the following steps:
Acquiring a first interference light signal of the first spectrometer 10 and a second interference light signal of the second spectrometer 11;
the first interference light signal and the second interference light signal are subjected to difference, and a direct current signal and an autocorrelation signal in the interference signals are removed to obtain a cross-correlation signal;
And sequentially performing k-domain linear interpolation, dispersion compensation and fast Fourier transformation on the obtained cross-correlation signals to obtain an image reconstruction result.
More specifically, it includes:
let the reference arm signal be:
Where E i is the electric field signal representing the complex form of the source beam, i is the imaginary unit, k is the wave number, R R is the reflectivity of the reference arm mirror, and z R is the reference arm mirror position.
The sample arm signal is:
Where N represents the serial numbers of the tissues at different depths, N is the total number of tissues at different depths where the sample arm can return a signal, R Sn is the reflectivity of the sample arm tissues at different depths, and z Sn is the reference arm mirror position.
The resulting interference signal is:
Where w is the angular frequency of the interference signal, and h is the response coefficient of the spectrometer CCD camera, the reference arm signal and the sample arm signal entering the third coupler 6 interfere in the third coupler 6 to generate an interference signal, and then the interference signal is output by two output ports of the third coupler 6 and detected by the first spectrometer 10 and the second spectrometer 11 respectively.
Note that the interference signals output by the first spectrometer 10 and the second spectrometer 11 are signal 1 and signal 2, respectively, and the interference signal 1 is:
Wherein m has the same meaning as n, and s (k) is spectral information of the light source.
From the above, the interference signal is composed of three parts, namely a direct current signal, a cross correlation signal and an autocorrelation signal.
The interference signal 2 is:
The interference signal 1 and the interference signal 2 have a pi phase difference, the pi phase difference and the interference signal are subtracted, the direct current signal and the autocorrelation signal are mutually counteracted, and only the cross correlation signal is remained, so that the method can be used for obtaining:
Therefore, the signals of the two spectrometers are subtracted, the autocorrelation signals in the interference signals can be reserved, and the direct current signals and the autocorrelation signals in the interference signals are subtracted, so that the imaging quality is improved.
The influence of the signal fluctuation caused by the noise of the relative intensity of the light source on the two spectrometers is the same, and the relative intensity noise signal of the light source can be subtracted in the process of subtracting the two signals so as to achieve the purposes of noise suppression and signal to noise ratio improvement, and the specific signal processing process is shown in figure 3.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A visible light OCT system based on double-spectrometer detection is characterized in that,
Comprising the following steps: the device comprises a visible light source, a first collimator, a light filter, a first coupler, a second coupler, a third coupler, a first spectrometer, a second spectrometer, a processor, a sample arm and a reference arm;
The visible light source, the first collimator, the optical filter and the first coupler are sequentially arranged along the light path, the second coupler is used for dividing the received light sent by the first coupler into two beams, and the sample arm is used for receiving the first beam splitting light sent by the second coupler;
The second coupler is also used for receiving retina reflected light or back scattered light of the sample arm and sending the retina reflected light or back scattered light to the third coupler, the light beams returned by the sample arm and the reference arm are interfered in the third coupler, the third coupler is used for equally dividing the interfered light beams into two parts and respectively sending the two parts to the first spectrometer and the second spectrometer, the processor is used for receiving output signals of the first spectrometer and the second spectrometer, obtaining a first interference light signal of the first spectrometer and a second interference light signal of the second spectrometer, making a difference between the first interference light signal and the second interference light signal, and removing a direct current signal and an autocorrelation signal in the interference signals to obtain a cross-correlation signal;
The reference arm is used for receiving the second beam splitting light sent by the second port of the circulator;
the second port of the circulator is also used for receiving the reflected light of the reference arm, and the third port of the circulator is used for sending the received reflected light of the reference arm to the third coupler;
The reference arm comprises a second collimator, a dispersion compensation lens, an adjustable attenuator and a reflecting mirror which are sequentially arranged along the optical path, wherein the second collimator is used for receiving the light beam transmitted by the second port of the circulator and transmitting the reflected light to the second port of the circulator;
the split ratio of the second coupler is 90:10, 90% of the beam of the second coupler is transmitted to the reference arm via the circulator, 10% of the beam is transmitted to the sample arm;
the first spectrometer and the second spectrometer have the same model and parameters, and are controlled by the same trigger signal.
2. The visible light OCT system based on dual-spectrometer detection as recited in claim 1, wherein,
The sample arm comprises a third collimator, an XY scanning galvanometer and a 4f system which are sequentially arranged along the light path;
The third collimator is used for receiving the light beam transmitted by the second coupler and transmitting the retina reflected light or back scattered light to the second coupler; the 4f system is used to output light to the human eye and to receive retinal reflected light or backscattered light.
3. The visible light OCT system based on dual-spectrometer detection as recited in claim 1, wherein,
The third coupler has a split ratio of 50:50.
4. An OCT system image reconstruction method is characterized in that,
A visible light OCT system based on dual-spectrometer detection according to any one of claims 1-3, comprising the following process:
acquiring a first interference light signal of a first spectrometer and a second interference light signal of a second spectrometer;
the first interference light signal and the second interference light signal are subjected to difference, and a direct current signal and an autocorrelation signal in the interference signals are removed to obtain a cross-correlation signal;
And sequentially performing k-domain linear interpolation, dispersion compensation and fast Fourier transformation on the obtained cross-correlation signals to obtain an image reconstruction result.
5. The OCT system image reconstruction method of claim 4, wherein,
The obtained cross-correlation signal is:
Wherein, Is the spectrum information of the visible light source, h is the response coefficient of the CCD camera of the spectrometer,/>For the reflectivity of the sample arm tissue at different depths,/>For tissue locations of different depths of the return signal in the sample arm,/>For the reflectivity of the reference arm mirror,/>Is the reference arm mirror position.
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