CN115772439A - Method for extracting oil from caulis akebiae - Google Patents

Abstract

An oil pressing method of caulis Akebiae comprises manually peeling peel of caulis Akebiae to obtain pulp containing seeds, fermenting at 30 deg.C for 3 days, separating seed from pulp, and collecting seeds; secondly, cleaning seeds, putting the seeds into a multi-layer dryer for drying, adjusting a temperature knob to 210 ℃, adjusting the drying time to 2 hours, drying the seeds until the moisture content of the seeds is between 7 and 10 percent, and then crushing the seeds into powdery seed powder by using a traditional Chinese medicine powder grinding machine; thirdly, putting the seed powder into a multi-layer steamer for steaming for 30 to 45 minutes, wherein a gap needs to be reserved for the steam in the steamer to flow up and down when the seed powder is placed, so that the seed powder is fully wetted and forms a cluster state; and fourthly, taking out the steamed seed oil, squeezing the seed oil by using a manual squeezer to obtain yellow clear akebia seed oil, and filling the yellow clear akebia seed oil into a clean sealed container. Its advantages are low cost, less possessed ground area, easy operation, high oil output rate and high oil quality.

Description

Oil pressing method of caulis akebiae

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant fruit oil pressing, in particular to an oil pressing method of caulis akebiae.

Background

Akebiaquinata is divided into akebia trifoliate, akebia quinata and akebia quinata, which are different from akebia armata and akebia manshuriensis, wherein akebia trifoliate and akebia quinata are used for extracting oil at present. Wherein the yield of caulis et folium akebiae is the least.

The akebia trifoliate has more stems and leaves, more five three leaves and smaller stems, mature and cracked in mid-autumn, and extremely bitter pericarp, so birds dare not to peck the akebia, but black white pulp and white seeds have sweet and delicious meat flavor, and fallen leaves or half-fallen leaves in winter are easy to cultivate, so that the yield is high.

Caulis Akebiae, also known as pseudo litchi, caulis Akebiae scandentis, also known as wild papaya, honey fruit; seven few leaves are seen, stems are thick and strong, branches and leaves are proud of frost and snow, cold resistance is achieved in winter, evergreen seasons are kept, green and bright green, and vines are lingering for tens of meters; the fruits are ripe for eleven to twelve months, yellow inside and outside, thin peel, less seeds, much meat and no cracking, and the peel is sweet and is often pecked by birds and difficult to harvest.

The akebiaquinata fruits are long round, 7-10 cm long, 3-5 cm in diameter, nearly triangular in shape, about 1 cm long, flattened, dark brown to nearly black in seed coat and glossy. The flowering period is 3-4 months, and the fruit period is 6-10 months. The seeds in the fruits can extract oil and are used for providing orthopedic requirements for traumatic injuries in various places. The akebiaquinata has good medicinal value, people usually apply the oil which is obtained by extruding the akebiaquinata seeds by a manual knocking, grinding and extruding way on affected parts, and the utilization rate and the working efficiency of the oil extraction are extremely low.

The sale of the Qiyemu Tong oil is rarely seen on the market, including 'a treasure' network. Most of the methods for extracting oil from the seeds of akebia trifoliata are known, but fewer people contact with the method for extracting oil from akebia trifoliata, which shows that the information for processing the seeds of akebia trifoliata on the current network is less, and the article for extracting oil from akebia trifoliata is not seen.

For the requirement of slightly larger yield production in the market, for the fiveleaf akebia stem with less yield, an economical and practical oil extraction method with high oil yield and good oil quality needs to be adopted to improve the utilization rate of the fiveleaf akebia stem.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides an oil pressing method of caulis akebiae, which realizes batch oil pressing by using low-cost equipment and comprises the following specific steps:

firstly, manually peeling peel of akebia quinata to take out pulp containing seeds according to the characteristic that the peel of akebia quinata is thin and easy to peel, putting the akebia quinata in a container to ferment for 3 days at the ambient temperature of 30 ℃, separating the pulp from the seeds after fermentation, and collecting the seeds by a strainer; secondly, cleaning seeds, putting the seeds in a tray with holes at the bottom, putting the tray on each shelf of a multi-layer dryer for drying, adjusting a temperature knob to 210 ℃, adjusting the drying time to about 2 hours, and then crushing the seeds into powdery seed powder by using a Chinese medicinal material pulverizing machine;

thirdly, putting the seed powder into a multilayer steamer for steaming and boiling by using a shovel, wherein a gap needs to be reserved for the water vapor in the steamer to flow up and down when the seed powder is placed, and the steaming and boiling time is 30-45 minutes, so that the seed powder is fully wetted and forms a cluster state;

and fourthly, taking out the cooked seed powder, squeezing the cooked seed powder by using a manual screw press to obtain yellow clear akebia seed oil, and filling the yellow clear akebia seed oil into a clean sealed container.

As further description of the technical scheme, the drying time is controlled to be that the seeds are dried until the internal water content is 7-10%.

As further description of the technical scheme, the cooking equipment adopts an induction cooker.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the oil press has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, small occupied area, easy operation, high oil yield and good oil quality.

Detailed Description

The invention discloses an oil pressing method for akebia quinata, which is suitable for mature akebia quinata and aims at the seeds of akebia quinata, namely the seeds of akebia quinata. The method is mainly used for workshops which generally have few akebia quinata seeds every year and take families as units. The oil can be extracted several times when the yield of the oil reaches a maximum of dozens of jin per production period. They have sufficient time but generally require that the equipment price not be too high.

The ripe pulp is golden and sweet, fragrant and smooth, the akebia quinata fruits are long and round, the fruit flesh is in a berry shape, the ripe pulp is golden and sweet, fragrant and smooth, the shape of a long cylinder is 7-10 cm long, the diameter is 3-5 cm, the peel is yellow and is close to red, the pulp is cracked along an abdominal suture after being ripe for 8-9 months, the peel is thick, the pulp is juicy, the seeds are approximately triangular and approximately 1 cm long, the pulp is flattened, and the seed coat is dark brown to approximately black and glossy.

The caulis akebiae with seven leaves has a strict growth environment and mainly depends on the natural environment for growth. Through cultivation and management for one year, the collected wild akebia stems bear a small amount of fruits smoothly in the next year. The fruits of akebia quinata have about one third of their weight of seeds. The seed of akebia quinata has 28% -30% of oil content, and the oil content is general. The seeds of akebia quinata are also worth being valuated because of the yield.

The oil extraction of the present invention requires clean seeds without any pulp. In the free-hand state, the seeds of akebia quinata are contained in the flesh and are difficult to be extruded all at once and cleanly, and in the case of numerous fruits, much time and labor are spent. For the seeds separated from the pulp, a plurality of seeds are beaten by a hammer to produce the grease which can only be used for a local wound of a patient in a small amount, the efficiency is low, and the oil of the seed of the akebia quinata can not be directly and fully extracted by a general physical squeezing method.

The fruits of akebia quinata with seven leaves and akebia trifoliate have no cracks and cracks, the fruits have similar internal structures and are all coated with seeds by pulp, and the seeds in the fruits have the common characteristics of being small and relatively hard, so that the equipment can be used flexibly in the aspect of oil extraction in theory.

As shown in the patent "a method for producing edible oil by using semen akebiae trifoliate" (CN 201410254972.3), the oil pressing method of akebia trifoliate is known, which is considered to be good in process, meets the requirements of akebia trifoliate for oil pressing, and can meet the requirements of large-scale production. Due to the similarity of the akebia trifoliata seeds and akebia quinata, the method can theoretically meet the oil pressing requirement of akebia trifoliata.

However, the process steps are complicated, including seed frying, crushing, blank steaming, conditioning, cake wrapping and squeezing, seeds are obtained by separating at the speed of 3000r/min by using a centrifugal machine and are cleaned to remove impurities, and the subsequent process steps of stir-frying, crushing, blank steaming, conditioning, cake wrapping and squeezing are complicated. The used equipment comprises a centrifuge, a pulverizer, a frying pan, a steamer and a squeezer, and the cleaning and maintenance requirements of the equipment are high according to various machine operation methods given by the patent method. In addition, more equipment occupies large land area, and the requirement on the factory building area of a workshop is too high. Under the situation that the quantity of the fruits of akebia quinata is limited, the method is undoubtedly applied to a plurality of akebia quinata seed oil extraction workshops which are naturally distributed in China, and a lot of people cannot adopt the method.

Compared with the akebia trifoliate, the akebia trifoliate has the following differences: more fruits of akebia trifoliate and fewer fruits of akebia quinata, and the profit of the produced akebia quinata oil can not return investment for a long period of time. The required working procedures can be simpler relatively, and meanwhile, a method specially used for extracting the oil from the seed of akebia quinata is also required.

In order to ensure that the production date of the oil is fresh and the stock is not overstocked, the staff of the unit produces a proper amount of qualified escargot oil in a certain period by light loose labor after long-time research and working practice.

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

The invention relates to an optimal method for extracting oil according to the internal pulp structure and the hard characteristics of seeds of the fruits of akebia quinata for squeezing and the environment of common climate all over the country and the actual output condition, which is convenient, simple, low in investment and high in efficiency.

The size of a pot for pressing oil is determined by the amount of the oil which is not used by a producer, and the heating device with large power is generally determined by a pot with the volume of about 50 liters, the cooking power of about two to three kilowatts and the drying equipment of about two kilowatts before cooking. This is to achieve a long-term, ideal machining efficiency. The preferred equipment in the invention is a multi-layer steamer, a 2100 watt electromagnetic oven, a 1500 watt multi-layer dryer, another Chinese medicinal material powder grinding machine and a manual screw press, and the prices of the equipment are all below three hundred yuan.

The measures for the method for extracting oil from caulis akebiae according to the present invention include the following four points.

Firstly, according to the characteristic that the peel of the akebia quinata has no crack but is thin, the peel of the akebia quinata can be easily peeled off by hands to take out the pulp containing seeds, and the operation does not need mechanical equipment; fermenting in a steamer or a ceramic container at about 30 deg.C for two or three days, three or four days or a week to separate the seeds and meat.

In the invention, the temperature of fermentation is probably between 10 ℃ and 40 ℃, but is preferably 30 ℃, otherwise, the fermentation state of the akebia quinata pulp is poor. When the seasonal air temperature is too low, the steamer or the ceramic container is put in a warm place or is heated properly; when the seasonal air temperature is too high, the steamer or the ceramic container is placed in a cool place. The temperature is too low, and the pulp is not easy to ferment; it is known from oil extraction that prolonged temperature increases for two or more consecutive days affect the pharmacological properties of the seeds in the pulp. Practice proves that seed-meat separation can be well realized in the air temperature of 30 ℃ for 3 days, so that the method is preferably operated to ferment the pulp containing the seeds for 3 days at the ambient temperature of 30 ℃, namely to continuously ferment the pulp for 3 days under the condition that the temperature of the pulp is 30 ℃. In order to ensure the grease quality and processing efficiency of the oil extracted from the processed caulis akebiae, the operation of the seed-meat separation step of the unit processing in the method of the present invention follows the aforementioned preferred operation.

Generally, in many areas of China, the temperature is about 30 ℃ in many times, so that the pulp containing seeds can be directly placed indoors for fermentation for 3 days.

Secondly, the seeds are dehydrated and dried. The method uses a colander to collect seeds, can dry the seeds in the sun, preferably adopts a drying measure, the dryer can select a commercial multilayer dryer with the model of YX-265, the power of the dryer is 1500 watts, a multilayer shelf can be put into a tray with holes at the bottom and provided with a heating pipe, a fan and a temperature control system in the tray, the selling price is between 223 yuan and 678 yuan according to different layers, and the dryer with 5 layers can be selected and referenced with 223 yuan. It has timing and temperature setting functions, and controllable drying time and degree. After the seeds are cleaned, the seeds are placed in a tray with holes at the bottom, so that water filtering and ventilation are facilitated, and the tray is placed on each layer of a dryer to enable the seeds to be uniformly heated. The tray is put on each layer of shelf of a dryer, a temperature knob is started to be set to be about 200 ℃, the timing is about two hours, and the akebia quinata seeds with the water content of 7-10% can be obtained. The seeds should not be dried completely, so the crushing effect is best.

After the seeds are dried, they are removed and pulverized into a powder, which is referred to as seed flour in this specification. Because of the small amount of seeds, a flour mill can be used, a small Chinese medicinal material pulverizing machine or a small coarse cereal dry grinding, crushing and crushing flour mill is preferred, the machine can be called as a Chinese medicinal material pulverizing machine for short, and the machine costs more than two hundred dollars for buying.

The seed skin is dried after dehydration and drying, the dehydration and drying time is based on the time of drying until the water content in the seeds is between 7 and 10 percent, and the method not only saves electricity, but also can not lead the powder which is too dried and beaten out from the inner parts of the seeds to drift and be difficult to collect completely. In the step, the moisture content of the seeds can be detected and judged by touching the outer surface of the seeds by hand and smelling the smell given out at the moment, particularly whether the seeds have scorched smell or not, the mode obtained by the experience is operation practice for twice or guidance of the master in practice for only a few minutes, and a certain moisture content tester is not needed.

Thirdly, putting the seed powder into a steamer for steaming for 30 to 40 minutes by using a shovel.

The steamer used in the invention is a large single-layer steamer or a multi-layer steamer, preferably the latter, is more convenient to use and occupies less land in practice, and is also suitable for uniformly heating the bottom of the steamer on an induction cooker. The diameter of the multi-layer steamer is about four and fifty centimeters. The multi-layer steamer can be superposed on ten layers, and the total volume can reach 80 liters. According to the diameter of the steamer and the height of the steaming layer, seed powder can be placed on each layer of the common steamer by one jin or two jin and at most by five jin, and a gap needs to be reserved for the water vapor in the steamer to flow up and down when the seed powder is placed.

The unit takes a 80-liter layered steamer as a standard and a 2100-watt steaming heater as a reference, and about 35 jin of seed powder can be put into the steamer at one time. The steamer can also be used as a container for pulp fermentation purposes. When steaming, about ten liters of clear water is put into the pot.

The steaming pot can not agglomerate the seed powder because of too small firepower, and the seed powder can become fluid because of too much water vapor generated by too large firepower, so the steamed firepower is based on the requirement of slowly and naturally loosening the seeds and forming an agglomerated state, and the observation can be carried out through the transparent part of the steaming pot cover. The invention selects the electromagnetic oven as the cooking equipment, and has the advantages of energy saving, convenient operation and controllable time timing compared with other electric ovens, coal ovens and the like. Preferably, a 2200-watt strong-fire electromagnetic oven and a 3000-watt commercial electromagnetic oven are used, and the maximum power of a common household electromagnetic oven reaching 2100 watts can meet the use requirement, but the cooking time is a few minutes.

And fourthly, through the step of cooking, the seed powder becomes extremely soft and can be packaged by a cloth net pocket for squeezing by hands and can also be squeezed by a solid-liquid separator, but the best mode is squeezing by a manual screw squeezer. The seed powder is squeezed by the manual screw squeezer to respectively obtain crude oil and oil cakes, and the oil yield is 25-30%. The oil dripping from the press is contained in large and small containers. The seed oil is applied externally to the skin, so that the seed oil is not purified. And (3) naturally settling the crude oil at room temperature for 1-15 days to effectively realize oil residue separation to obtain yellow clear akebia seed oil, and filling the yellow clear akebia seed oil into a clean sealed container.

The fourth step is not applicable to akebia stem, and is a seed squeezing process, a common fruit squeezing process, and a common peanut squeezing process, which have more than ten working procedures. Also like the oil press of Henan Bestde grain and oil machinery equipment Limited company, is not completely suitable for seven-leaf akebia seed oil pressing, and has higher machine cost.

A manually-shaken screw press, namely a manual screw press, is adopted, a plurality of manual screw presses with the sale price of more than one hundred yuan are arranged on a certain treasure, steamed seed powder is placed between two movable clamping plates in a square frame, the handle is shaken to rotate a screw rod at a certain speed, such as 20 revolutions per minute, and the two clamping plates move oppositely to extrude oil in the seed powder. In production practice, manual screw presses have been able to meet production requirements. The electric screw press can also be adopted, the electric screw press has lower-price models such as CTYZ180-DJ and the like, the pressing efficiency is in a middle-high level in the pressing field, the use is simple, the comprehensive use cost is lower, in the use process, the screw press is adjusted to press at the revolution of 20-40 revolutions per minute, and the machine cost is slightly higher. Of course, the oil pressing method can also use a hydraulic oil press with a regulator to slowly raise the pressure to 300-500 kg for pressing, which is expensive and is not used in the pressing method of the present invention.

According to the yield and supply demand of different batches and weather conditions, different embodiments of the method of the invention can be selected flexibly in due time, including but not limited to the following three.

Example 1:

firstly, taking 30 jin of akebia quinata, manually peeling off the peel of the akebia quinata, taking out the pulp containing seeds, putting the pulp in a container, fermenting for three days at the temperature of about 30 ℃, and separating the seeds and the pulp after the fermentation is finished to obtain about 9 jin of seeds;

secondly, cleaning seeds, placing the seeds in a tray with holes at the bottom, placing the tray on each shelf of a dryer, adjusting a temperature knob to 200 ℃, adjusting the drying time to 2 hours, drying to ensure that the moisture content of the seeds is between 7 and 10 percent, and crushing the seeds into powdery seed powder by using a traditional Chinese medicine powder grinding machine;

thirdly, putting the seed powder into a steamer with the total volume of 30 liters by using a shovel or other modes for steaming for 30 to 40 minutes;

and fourthly, taking out the steamed seed oil, squeezing the seed oil by using a manual screw press, squeezing out grease inside the seed oil to obtain about 3 jin of yellow clear akebia seed oil, and filling the yellow clear akebia seed oil into a clean sealed container.

Example 2:

firstly, taking 50 jin of akebia quinata, peeling peel of the akebia quinata, taking out pulp containing seeds, putting the pulp in a container, fermenting for three days at the temperature of about 30 ℃, and separating the pulp from the seeds after the fermentation is finished to obtain about 17 jin of seeds;

secondly, cleaning seeds, placing the seeds in a tray with holes at the bottom, placing the tray on each shelf of a dryer, adjusting a temperature knob to be 220 ℃, adjusting the drying time to be 2 hours and 10 minutes, drying to enable the moisture content of the seeds to be 7-10%, and crushing the seeds into powdery seed powder by using a traditional Chinese medicine powder grinding machine;

thirdly, steaming the seed powder in a multilayer steamer with the total volume of 45 liters for 30 to 40 minutes;

and fourthly, taking out the steamed seed oil, squeezing the seed oil by using a manual screw press, squeezing out the grease inside the seed oil to obtain yellow clear akebia seed oil of about 5 jin, and filling the yellow clear akebia seed oil into a clean sealed container.

Example 3:

taking 100 catties of akebia quinata, peeling peel of the akebia quinata, taking out pulp containing seeds, putting the pulp in a container, fermenting for three days at the temperature of about 30 ℃, and separating the pulp from the seeds after the fermentation is finished to obtain about 35 catties of seeds;

secondly, cleaning seeds, placing the seeds in a tray with holes at the bottom, placing the tray on each shelf of a dryer, adjusting a temperature knob to 230 ℃, adjusting the drying time to 2 hours and 20 minutes, drying to enable the moisture content of the seeds to be 7-10%, and crushing the seeds into powdery seed powder by using a traditional Chinese medicine powder grinding machine;

thirdly, putting the seed powder into a multilayer steamer with the total volume of 80 liters for steaming for 45 minutes;

and fourthly, taking out the steamed seed oil, squeezing the seed oil by using a screw press, squeezing out the grease inside the seed oil to obtain yellow clear akebia seed oil of about 10 jin, and filling the yellow clear akebia seed oil into a clean sealed container.

The above embodiments are suitable for the cases of winter and autumn, rainy weather seasons and rain-gust weather, and relatively high output required by industrialization. If more than ten jin of the oil needs to be processed, the oil can be processed in batches.

The akebia quinata oil prepared by the unit by using the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the physical characteristics of akebia quinata seeds are well preserved, and the purity is high. In the inspection report in the quality supervision and detection of oil and products in the department of agriculture of caulis akebiae named as "blunt drug stauntonvine", the oleic acid content is measured to be 45.1%, the unsaturated fatty acid content is measured to be 71.4%, the potassium content is 2.43 mg per 100 g, the calcium content is 8.9 mg per kg, and the physicochemical data such as vitamins, sodium and the like are provided; in the test report named "honey fruit", each hundred grams contains: physicochemical data of 0.5 g of protein, 0.532 mg of vitamin E, 201.86 mg of potassium, 26.27 mg of calcium, 0.37 mg of sodium and the like, wherein no relevant toxin data exists. The oil is popular in the market supply and is balanced in supply and demand.

Certain terms are used throughout this specification to refer to particular names. The present specification and claims do not intend to distinguish between related apparatuses or objects by difference in name but intend to distinguish between related apparatuses or objects by difference in function. The description is of the best mode contemplated for carrying out the present invention and is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention and not for the purpose of limiting the scope of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.

Claims (3)

1. An oil pressing method of caulis akebiae is characterized in that low-cost equipment is used for realizing batch oil pressing, and the method comprises the following specific steps:

firstly, manually peeling peel of akebia quinata to take out pulp containing seeds according to the characteristic that the peel of akebia quinata is thin and easy to peel, putting the akebia quinata in a container to ferment for 3 days at the ambient temperature of 30 ℃, separating the pulp from the seeds after fermentation, and collecting the seeds by a strainer;

secondly, cleaning seeds, putting the seeds in a tray with holes at the bottom, putting the tray on each shelf of a multi-layer dryer for drying, adjusting a temperature knob to 210 ℃, adjusting the drying time to about 2 hours, and then crushing the seeds into powdery seed powder by using a traditional Chinese medicine powder grinding machine;

thirdly, putting the seed powder into a multi-layer steamer by a shovel for steaming, wherein a gap is required to be reserved for the steam in the steamer to flow up and down when the seed powder is placed, and the steaming time is 30-45 minutes, so that the seed powder is fully wetted and forms a cluster state;

and fourthly, taking out the cooked seed powder, squeezing the cooked seed powder by using a manual screw press to obtain yellow clear akebia seed oil, and filling the yellow clear akebia seed oil into a clean sealed container.

2. The method for extracting oil from caulis akebiae according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

and drying for 7-10% of the internal water content.

3. The method for extracting oil from akebia quinata according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

the equipment for cooking adopts an induction cooker.