CN115764260A - Butterfly antenna suitable for embedding meander line of superconducting series Josephson double-crystal junction - Google Patents
Butterfly antenna suitable for embedding meander line of superconducting series Josephson double-crystal junction Download PDFInfo
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- CN115764260A CN115764260A CN202211459025.9A CN202211459025A CN115764260A CN 115764260 A CN115764260 A CN 115764260A CN 202211459025 A CN202211459025 A CN 202211459025A CN 115764260 A CN115764260 A CN 115764260A
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910021521 yttrium barium copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001259 photo etching Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a butterfly antenna embedded with a meander line and suitable for a superconducting serial Josephson double-crystal junction, which comprises a plurality of low-impedance mixers, wherein a meander line metal layer is connected among the low-impedance mixers; the meander line metal layers at the left and right edges are connected with a meander line metal layer; one side of the metal layer of the bending line is connected with a butterfly metal layer; the low-impedance mixers are positioned on the same vertical line, and a grain boundary line formed by the vertical line forms a Josephson junction at the superconducting thin film; the grain boundary line is vertical to a parallel line formed by the left butterfly metal layer and the right butterfly metal layer. The invention can complete low impedance matching between a single antenna and each series junction, also avoids the influence of crystal boundary on the series Josephson junction mixer caused by the distribution of the antenna main body on the bicrystal crystal boundary with superconducting material, and reduces the damage of water to the YBCO film during multiple photoetching and developing processes in the preparation process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a butterfly antenna embedded with a meander line and suitable for a superconducting serial Josephson double-crystal junction, belonging to the field of superconducting and terahertz communication.
Background
Superconducting josephson junctions have great potential in the fabrication of high frequency devices such as terahertz emission sources, voltage standards, sensitive detectors and mixers. The most attractive development at present is a terahertz receiver in terahertz communication. Due to the fact that the terahertz wave band is seriously attenuated by atmosphere, effective detection of the ultra-sensitive terahertz receiver faces huge challenges. High temperature superconducting mixers are an ideal choice for terahertz receiver front ends because they have large mixing harmonic number, high sensitivity, wide bandwidth, low local oscillator power requirements, and low temperature cost compared to mixers used to cool low temperature superconducting devices.
Unlike the opto-electronic mixers, which have a high resistance, superconducting josephson junction mixers have a rather low impedance. For example, the material is YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ The typical value of the normal state resistance of a superconducting josephson junction of (YBCO) is about 1-40 ohms a terahertz antenna applied to the mixer should be conjugate matched to the mixer to transmit maximum power. However, conventional antennas do not have such low impedance. For an opto-electric hybrid, the impedance of the coupled antenna should be raised to kilo-ohms to achieve good impedance matching. In contrast, for superconducting josephson junction mixers, the coupled antenna impedance should be greatly reduced. There have been reports on reducing the input impedance of a coupled antenna to match a superconducting josephson junction mixer. Experiments prove that the mixing performance is greatly improved.
On the other hand, a series josephson junction may improve the impedance of the device, thereby achieving impedance matching with the coupled antenna. Enough series junctions can achieve the impedance of a common type of antenna. However, it is difficult to achieve the consistency of the processing technology and the operation in the same phase by connecting many josephson junctions in series, and the good mixing performance cannot be improved. The maximum harmonic number of the 3 series-connected josephson junction mixers has been increased to 154. However, an impedance mismatch between the antenna and each of the series junctions still exists. For a series connection josephson junction device, a new antenna with an input resistance lower than the common antenna type resistance under multi-source excitation should be studied. In particular, for the josephson junction with a double crystal structure, because the position of the crystal boundary is fixed, the serial josephson junction can form the josephson junction characteristic only on the straight line where the crystal boundary is located, in order to reduce the complexity of the preparation process and avoid the influence of superconducting materials at the crystal boundary caused by the distribution of the antenna main body on the double crystal boundary on the serial josephson junction mixer, the antenna suitable for the serial josephson junction mixer needs to achieve the transmission matching characteristic of a single antenna and each serial junction, and the position of placing the serial junction, namely the incoherence of the antenna main body and the serial junction connecting line, needs to be considered.
The reported superconducting tandem josephson junction mixer is embedded in a meandering line, as shown in fig. 1, with no excitation source placed in the center point in order to maintain symmetry of the topological network. The superconducting twin Josephson junction is formed at the crystal boundary, and the narrower the superconducting film passing through the junction boundary, the smaller the critical current and the more sensitive the device. If the reported antenna is applied to a series double crystal junction mixer, the YBCO film under the antenna needs to be etched at the position where the crystal boundary passes through the antenna (Au layer), otherwise, the performance of the device is damaged due to the large superflow, and the preparation flow is shown in FIG. 2. The YBCO film is left at 4 positions except the position on the position center line, and other positions are etched, see step (4). The preparation of the whole chip needs two times of photoetching development, the YBCO film is resistant to water, and the performance of a device which is contacted with water for many times is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the butterfly antenna which is suitable for the superconducting serial Josephson double crystal junction and is embedded with the winding line, so that the antenna main body is prevented from being distributed on the double crystal grain boundary with the superconducting material so as to avoid the influence of the grain boundary on the serial Josephson junction mixer, and the damage of water to the YBCO film during multiple photoetching development in the preparation process is reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a meander line embedded butterfly antenna suitable for superconducting serial Josephson bicrystal junction comprises a plurality of low impedance mixers, a meander line metal layer connected between the low impedance mixers; the meander line metal layers at the left and right edges are connected with a meander line metal layer; one side of the metal layer of the bending line is connected with a butterfly metal layer; the low-impedance mixers are positioned on the same vertical line, and a grain boundary line formed by the vertical line forms a Josephson junction at the superconducting thin film; the grain boundary line is perpendicular to a parallel line formed by the left butterfly metal layer and the right butterfly metal layer.
Further, the impedance of the low impedance mixer is 15 ohms; the length and spacing of the meander line metal layers connecting multiple low impedance mixers in series may be varied to adjust the magnitude of the active impedance.
Further, the meander line embedded butterfly antenna operates in a traveling wave mode.
Further, the substrate surface wave effect of the bowtie antenna is eliminated by placing a silicon hyper-hemispherical lens on the back side.
Further, the bowtie antenna structure is symmetrical about a central origin.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention designs a multi-source excited terahertz antenna with low input impedance aiming at a serial Josephson double-crystal junction, and a plurality of low-impedance mixers are embedded in the terahertz antenna to complete impedance matching without influencing the performance of the antenna. Meanwhile, except for the josephson junction mixer embedded in the antenna, the antenna body cannot be located at the grain boundary where the josephson junction is formed, so that the complexity of the preparation process is reduced, and the yield of the sample is improved. A serpentine line embedded in the butterfly shape can be connected with a plurality of low-impedance mixers, so that the performance of the antenna is not influenced while impedance matching is completed; the length and the spacing of the serpentine lines can be adjusted at will to adjust the active impedance and complete low impedance matching with the mixer; the embedded low-impedance mixer can be increased or decreased according to the requirements of practical application; the connecting line of the serial junction is vertical to the connecting line of the pair of butterflies; the structure is symmetrical about a central origin; the bows embedded in the serpentine operate in a traveling wave mode of operation; the terahertz detector is suitable for other low-impedance terahertz detectors.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional bowtie-loaded meander line antenna structure that may be used in a series Josephson junction;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a conventional antenna for a superconducting tandem double crystal mixer;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a meander line connected butterfly antenna embedded with 7 low impedance mixers in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a parameter diagram of the antenna components according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a comparison graph of simulation of active reflection coefficients for a serpentine line having (a) 7 and (b) 5 low impedance mixers embedded therein in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a simulation comparison graph of far-field radiation directions at (a) 216 GHz and (b) 226 GHz respectively for embedding (a) 7 and (b) 5 low-impedance mixers in a meandering line of an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 1. low impedance mixer, 2, meander line metal layer, 3, meander line metal layer, 4, butterfly metal layer, 5, grain boundary line.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description herein of specific embodiments is intended to illustrate the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs, and the terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention.
In this embodiment, the design of the present invention is a butterfly antenna embedded with a plurality of low impedance mixers connected by a meander line, and the structure of the butterfly antenna is shown in fig. 3. It mainly comprises 7 low-impedance mixers 1, a meander line metal layer 2 and a meander line metal layer 3 connecting the low-impedance mixers 1, and a butterfly metal layer 4. The impedance of the mixer is about 15 ohms, and the lengths and the intervals of the meanders connecting the sections of the mixer can be different so as to adjust the size of the active impedance. The length of the meandering line can be adjusted at will to place the desired number of mixers. The superconducting material forms a josephson junction at the boundary line 5 on the substrate, i.e. the centre line of the meandering line.
The meander line embedded butterfly antenna operates in a traveling wave mode. In practical application, the length and the distance of the serpentine line can be adjusted to determine the number of placed series mixers, and the length of the butterfly shape is adjusted to determine the working frequency; the substrate surface wave effect of the terahertz antenna can be eliminated by placing a silicon hyper-hemispherical lens on the back side.
Steps (4) - (7) of fig. 2 can be reduced in preparing the sample, and the entire chip layout can be shaped together with the josephson junction.
The key point of the invention is that a multi-source excited terahertz antenna with low input impedance is designed for the serial Josephson double-crystal junction, and a plurality of low-impedance mixers are embedded in the terahertz antenna to complete impedance matching without influencing the performance of the antenna. Meanwhile, except for the josephson junction mixer embedded in the antenna, the antenna body cannot be at the grain boundary where the josephson junction is formed, so that the complexity of the preparation process is reduced, and the yield of the sample is improved.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a design example of the present invention. In the CST simulation software, the antenna material is configured as an ideal conductor, placed on a magnesium oxide (with a relative dielectric constant of 9.6) substrate, and the detectors are respectively represented by discrete ports of 15 ohms, and multi-port active simulation is performed, wherein the discrete ports on the meander line can be increased or decreased according to practical application, and the active reflection coefficient and far-field radiation pattern are respectively shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6. When antenna parameters
=135 μm, 
=515 μm, 
=30 μm, 
=4 μm, 
=10 μm, =
=
=4 μm, 
=
=
=10 μm, 
When the antenna is 17 mu m, the active reflection coefficients of 7 ports are respectively-15 dB, -24 dB, -37 dB, -17 dB, -37 dB, -24 dB and-15 dB at 216 GHz, and the directivity coefficient reaches 7.42 dBi;5 ports are activated, removed
And
the meandering line length of the parameter part, the active reflection coefficient at 226 GHz were-15 dB, -21 dB, -21 dB, -21 dB and-15 dB, respectively, and the directivity coefficient reached 7.59 dBi.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents or improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A butterfly antenna with embedded meander line suitable for superconducting serial Josephson double crystal junction is characterized in that the butterfly antenna comprises a plurality of low impedance mixers (1), a meander line metal layer (2) is connected between the low impedance mixers (1); the meander line metal layers (2) at the edges of the left side and the right side are connected with a meander line metal layer (3); one side of the bent line metal layer (3) is connected with a butterfly metal layer (4); the low-impedance mixers (1) are positioned on the same vertical line, and a grain boundary line (5) formed by the vertical line is formed into a Josephson junction at the superconducting thin film; the grain boundary line (5) is vertical to a parallel line formed by the left butterfly metal layer and the right butterfly metal layer (4).
2. A meander line embedded butterfly antenna applicable for superconducting serial josephson bicrystal junction according to claim 1, wherein the impedance of the low impedance mixer (1) is 15 Ω; the length and the spacing of the meander line metal layers (2) connecting the 7 low impedance mixers (1) in series can be different, so as to adjust the size of the active impedance.
3. The embedded meander line bowtie antenna adapted for a superconducting serial josephson twin junction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the embedded meander line bowtie antenna operates in a traveling wave mode.
4. The embedded meander line bowtie antenna for superconducting serial josephson twin junction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the substrate surface wave effect of bowtie antenna is eliminated by placing a silicon hyper-hemispherical lens on the back side.
5. The meander-line embedded bowtie antenna suitable for a superconducting serial josephson bicrystal junction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bowtie antenna structure is symmetric about a central origin.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211459025.9A CN115764260A (en) | 2022-11-17 | 2022-11-17 | Butterfly antenna suitable for embedding meander line of superconducting series Josephson double-crystal junction |
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| CN202211459025.9A CN115764260A (en) | 2022-11-17 | 2022-11-17 | Butterfly antenna suitable for embedding meander line of superconducting series Josephson double-crystal junction |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116387818A (en) * | 2023-05-06 | 2023-07-04 | 南通大学 | Rectangular loading meander line antenna suitable for low-impedance serial device |
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| DE4323040A1 (en) * | 1993-07-09 | 1995-01-12 | Siemens Ag | Josephson sensor device with superconducting parts comprising metal oxide superconductor material |
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| CN103175609A (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2013-06-26 | 南京大学 | Device using high-temperature superconducting YBCO (yttrium barium copper oxide) bicrystal junction for detecting terahertz radiation of high-temperature superconducting BSCCO (bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide) |
| RU188983U1 (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2019-05-06 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт прикладной физики Российской академии наук" (ИПФ РАН) | SUBSTRATE FOR THE FORMATION OF PLANAR STRUCTURE BASED ON EPITAXIAL CONDUCTOR FILM |
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| CN114497989A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-05-13 | 南通大学 | Terahertz antenna integrated with high-temperature superconducting high-order in-phase series mixer |
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2022
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116387818A (en) * | 2023-05-06 | 2023-07-04 | 南通大学 | Rectangular loading meander line antenna suitable for low-impedance serial device |
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