CN115755230A - Raindrop spectrometer based on particle image velocimetry technology - Google Patents
Raindrop spectrometer based on particle image velocimetry technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN115755230A CN115755230A CN202211504347.0A CN202211504347A CN115755230A CN 115755230 A CN115755230 A CN 115755230A CN 202211504347 A CN202211504347 A CN 202211504347A CN 115755230 A CN115755230 A CN 115755230A
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Abstract
The invention provides a raindrop spectrometer based on a particle image velocimetry technology, comprising: the transmitting terminal equipment and the receiving terminal equipment are arranged on the base; the transmitting terminal equipment comprises a light source, wherein a transmitting terminal lens group is arranged on the light source, and a light outlet of the lens group is provided with a transmitting terminal right-angled triple prism; the receiving end equipment comprises an image sensor, wherein a receiving end lens group is arranged on the image sensor, and a receiving end right-angled triple prism is arranged at a light inlet of the lens group; the transmitting end right-angled triple prism vertically emits parallel light rays, the parallel light rays penetrate through the sampling area to reach the receiving end right-angled triple prism, the receiving end right-angled triple prism vertically emits the incident parallel light rays, and the incident parallel light rays are converged through the receiving end lens group and then are projected to the image sensor; the data processing and control unit controls the light source to emit pulse light, obtains image data in the image sensor, and obtains data information of precipitation particles after calculation processing. The method can obtain high-precision measurement results of the space spectrum and the velocity spectrum of the precipitation particles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of meteorological feature measurement equipment, in particular to a raindrop spectrometer based on a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technology.
Background
The raindrop spectrometer is an instrument for measuring and calculating a velocity spectrum, a two-dimensional space spectrum and the like of precipitation particles. The raindrop spectrum refers to a distribution state of raindrop sizes in a unit space. The existing common one-dimensional linear array raindrop spectrograph and the slice type light field camera raindrop spectrograph have certain defects.
The time spectrum of raindrops is measured by the one-dimensional linear array raindrop spectrometer, the time spectrum of the raindrops can be converted into a space spectrum only by correcting a velocity spectrum, the raindrop velocity can influence the measurement precision of the linear array raindrop spectrometer, the faster the raindrop velocity is, the fewer the relative rows of the scanned raindrops are, and the larger the velocity error is. And when the linear array raindrop spectrometer tests the speed, the raindrop is assumed to be spherical, and the actual shape of the raindrop is flat, so that the speed testing error can also be caused. In addition, the linear array raindrop spectrometer can only obtain horizontal scale information, and the vertical scale cannot be obtained, so that the spliced raindrop shape is not accurate enough. The direct measurement of the sliced light field camera raindrop spectrometer is only the spatial dimension of precipitation particles, and the speed is calculated according to a tracking algorithm. The area-array raindrop spectrometer can measure two-dimensional images and displacement of raindrops, so that a high-precision space spectrum and a high-precision velocity spectrum can be obtained, and real-time dynamic rainfall video images can be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, an embodiment of the present application provides a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) based raindrop spectrometer, in which a light source and an area array image sensor are designed to form a corresponding relationship through a special light path, a visible light source forms parallel light rays through a lens group to irradiate precipitation particles, and the same particle is exposed on an image twice through performing pulse exposure twice in a frame of image, so as to directly obtain high-precision measurement results of a spatial spectrum and a velocity spectrum.
The embodiment of the application provides the following technical scheme: a raindrop spectrometer based on particle image velocimetry technology comprises:
the device comprises a base, wherein a transmitting terminal device and a receiving terminal device are correspondingly arranged on two sides of the base;
the transmitting end equipment comprises a light source fixed on the base, and a transmitting end lens group is arranged on the light source and used for forming parallel light rays through the transmitting end lens group; a light outlet of the transmitting end lens group is provided with a transmitting end right-angled triple prism;
the receiving end equipment comprises an image sensor fixed on the base, a receiving end lens group is arranged on the image sensor, and a light inlet of the receiving end lens group is provided with a receiving end right-angled triple prism;
a precipitation particle sampling area is formed between the transmitting end right-angled triple prism and the receiving end right-angled triple prism, the transmitting end right-angled triple prism changes the direction of the parallel light rays and vertically emits the parallel light rays out, the parallel light rays pass through the precipitation particle sampling area and then reach the receiving end right-angled triple prism, and the receiving end right-angled triple prism changes the direction of the incident parallel light rays and vertically emits the incident parallel light rays out, and the incident parallel light rays are converged by the receiving end lens group and then projected onto the image sensor;
the device also comprises a data processing and control unit, wherein the data processing and control unit is respectively in control connection with the light source and the image sensor and is used for controlling the light source to emit pulse light, acquiring image data in the image sensor and obtaining data information of precipitation particles through calculation processing.
According to an embodiment, the data processing and control unit controls the pulse frequency of the light source and the exposure time of the image sensor to make the same precipitation particle leave image information of two positions in one frame of image.
According to one embodiment, the image sensor is an area array image sensor.
According to one embodiment, the light source is a point light source.
According to an embodiment, the receiving end lens group includes a large lens group and a small lens group arranged in sequence in the optical path direction.
According to one embodiment, the outer walls of the transmitting end lens group and the receiving end lens group are circumferentially provided with annular heating devices for heating the lens groups.
According to one embodiment, the transmitting end right-angled triple prism and the receiving end right-angled triple prism are respectively and fixedly provided with protective covers at the outer parts thereof for protecting the right-angled triple prisms.
According to one embodiment, a blowing device is arranged in the protective cover and used for blowing air at the through hole of the protective cover.
According to an embodiment, a temperature and humidity sensor is arranged in the protective cover, and the temperature and humidity sensor is in control connection with the data processing and control unit and used for acquiring environmental temperature and humidity information in real time and transmitting the environmental temperature and humidity information to the data processing and control unit.
According to one embodiment, the data processing and control unit is in control connection with the upper computer and is used for transmitting the obtained data information of the precipitation particles to the upper computer, and the precipitation information is obtained through calculation by the upper computer.
Compared with the prior art, the raindrop spectrometer provided by the embodiment of the invention combines a visible light imaging technology and a double exposure technology, performs pulse exposure twice in a frame of image, exposes the same particle twice on the image, further obtains the image information of precipitation particles, can directly obtain the spatial scale of the particle and calculate the speed information, so as to measure and calculate the form and speed of the precipitation particles, the precipitation intensity and the precipitation amount. And the parallelism of the parallel light rays is high, the resolution of the image sensor is high, and the obtained measurement precision is higher. The instrument can provide data of a two-dimensional raindrop spectrum, can also provide information such as particle axis ratio and the like, can display dynamic video images such as raindrops, hailstones, snowflakes and the like in real time, and can further meet data requirements of meteorological service application and scientific research products.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic external view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a receiving optical path according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an emission light path of a light source according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein the embodiments are described in detail, and it is to be understood that the embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments are described. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 5, an embodiment of the present invention provides a raindrop spectrometer based on a particle image velocimetry technology, including: the device comprises a base 1, wherein a transmitting terminal device and a receiving terminal device are correspondingly arranged on two sides of the base 1; the transmitting end equipment comprises a light source 2 fixed on the base, and a transmitting end lens group 3 is arranged on the light source 2 and used for forming parallel light rays through the transmitting end lens group 3; the light outlet of the transmitting end lens group 3 is provided with a transmitting end right-angled triple prism 5; the receiving end equipment comprises an image sensor 15 fixed on the base 1, a receiving end lens group 14 is arranged on the image sensor 15, and a receiving end right-angled prism 12 is arranged at a light inlet of the receiving end lens group 14; a precipitation particle sampling area 8 is formed between the transmitting end right triangular prism 5 and the receiving end right triangular prism 12, the transmitting end right triangular prism 5 changes the direction of the parallel light and vertically emits the parallel light, the parallel light passes through the precipitation particle sampling area 8 and then reaches the receiving end right triangular prism 12, the receiving end right triangular prism 12 changes the direction of the incident parallel light and vertically emits the incident parallel light, and the incident parallel light is converged by the receiving end lens group 14 and then is projected onto the image sensor 15; the device also comprises a data processing and control unit, wherein the data processing and control unit is respectively in control connection with the light source 2 and the image sensor 15 and is used for controlling the light source 2 to emit pulse light, acquiring image data in the image sensor 15 and obtaining data information of precipitation particles through calculation processing. The data processing and controlling unit is in control connection with the upper computer and is used for transmitting the obtained data information of the precipitation particles to the upper computer and calculating the precipitation information through the upper computer.
The image sensor 15 in the embodiment of the present invention is an area array image sensor, preferably a CMOS module, with a model MT9V024 (beautiful light); the light source 2 is a point light source.
In this embodiment, the data processing and control unit controls the pulse frequency of the light source 2 and the exposure time of the image sensor 15 to leave image information of two positions of the same precipitation particle in one frame of image, so as to calculate the spatial spectrum and the velocity spectrum of the precipitation particle.
The data processing and control unit adopts a conventional control unit in the prior art, and specifically comprises an FPGA processing module and a DSP module, and specifically can select the model of the currently common module.
The embodiment of the invention is characterized in that a light source and an area array image sensor are correspondingly arranged through a special light path design, a visible light source forms parallel light rays through a lens group to irradiate precipitation particles, the design of the light path ensures that the parallel light rays with high parallelism are obtained, and the parallel light rays are accurately converged on the area array image sensor through the lens group to accurately measure and calculate the precipitation particles.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the point light source 2 passes through the lens group 3 at the emitting end to form parallel light, and the distance between the focal point of the lens group 3 and the point light source 2 can be adjusted to perform fine adjustment on the parallel light, so as to obtain parallel light with high parallelism. Then, the parallel light rays change directions through the transmitting end right-angle triple prism 5 and irradiate to the precipitation particle sampling area 8, pass through the precipitation particle sampling area 8 to reach the receiving end right-angle triple prism 12, and change directions again through the vertical refraction light rays to reach the receiving end lens group 14; as shown in fig. 4, the receiving end lens group 14 in this embodiment includes a large lens group 1404 and a small lens group 1402 sequentially arranged in the optical path direction; the emission end lens group 3 includes a lens group 301, as shown in fig. 5. The light rays are gradually converged and shrunk after passing through the large lens group 1401 and the small lens group 1402 in sequence, and finally irradiate the image sensor 15, and the definition of an image can be finely adjusted by adjusting the distance between the image sensor 15 and the receiving end lens group 14. The accuracy of the light transmission direction is ensured through the characteristics of the instrument structure.
The direction accuracy of the light path is ensured by the whole structure of the instrument, particularly the base 1 is the basis of the whole structure, and the accuracy of the light path ensures the parallelism of the transmitting end lens group 3 and the receiving end lens group 14 and the alignment of the transmitting end right triangular prism 5 and the receiving end right triangular prism 12.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in order to avoid fogging on the surface of the lens from affecting the observation, the transmitting end annular heating device 4 and the receiving end annular heating device 13 are respectively disposed around the transmitting end lens group 3 and the receiving end lens group 14, and heat is conducted to the inside of the lens barrel by heating the outer wall of the lens barrel, so that the lens of the lens group is heated, and the fogging on the surface of the lens due to the decrease of the ambient temperature is avoided, thereby affecting the observation of the particles.
In a specific implementation, the heating device may adopt an electric heating device, for example, an electric heating wire is wound on the outer wall of the lens group to heat the outer wall of the lens barrel.
In another embodiment of the present invention, an emitting end shield 7 and a receiving end shield 9 are fixedly provided outside the emitting end right triangular prism 5 and the receiving end right triangular prism 12, respectively, for shielding the right triangular prisms, as shown in fig. 2. On both sides of the precipitation particle sampling region 8, the transmitting end shield 7 and the receiving end shield 9 protect the mirror surfaces of the transmitting end right-angle triple prism 5 and the receiving end right-angle triple prism 12 from being polluted by rainwater sputtering, respectively.
In a further preferred embodiment, a blowing device is disposed in the protective cover for blowing air at the opening of the protective cover. The blowing device is preferably a fan, the shield is large in depth, the transmitting end fan 6 and the receiving end fan 10 are arranged in the shield, and air is blown at the through hole of the shield, so that an air curtain can be formed to prevent rainwater from entering, and rainwater is prevented from splashing on the surface of the lens to influence particle observation.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a temperature and humidity sensor 11 is disposed in the protective cover, and the temperature and humidity sensor 11 is in control connection with the data processing and controlling unit, and is configured to acquire environmental temperature and humidity information in real time and transmit the environmental temperature and humidity information to the data processing and controlling unit, so as to help the data processing and controlling unit of the apparatus to calculate and distinguish rain and snow particles. The temperature and humidity sensor 11 is preferably of the type SHT11.
The raindrop spectrometer of the embodiment emits parallel light rays to the sampling area, if precipitation particles pass through the sampling area, shadows of the precipitation particles are captured by the area array image sensor, the light source continuously emits pulse light rays under the control of the data processing and control unit, and the shutter and the light source are used for carrying out single-frame double exposure on the precipitation particles, so that the same particles can be ensured to leave image information of two positions of the same particles in one frame of image. The information is calculated by the data processing and control unit, so that the data such as the space spectrum, the velocity spectrum and the like of the particles can be analyzed, the data such as the precipitation intensity, the precipitation amount and the like can be calculated by the upper computer, and a real-time dynamic precipitation video image can be displayed.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a rain spectrometer based on particle image technique of testing speed which characterized in that includes:
the device comprises a base, wherein a transmitting terminal device and a receiving terminal device are correspondingly arranged on two sides of the base;
the transmitting end equipment comprises a light source fixed on the base, and a transmitting end lens group is arranged on the light source and used for forming parallel light rays through the transmitting end lens group; a light outlet of the transmitting end lens group is provided with a transmitting end right-angled triple prism;
the receiving end equipment comprises an image sensor fixed on the base, a receiving end lens group is arranged on the image sensor, and a light inlet of the receiving end lens group is provided with a receiving end right-angled triple prism;
a precipitation particle sampling area is formed between the transmitting end right-angled triple prism and the receiving end right-angled triple prism, the transmitting end right-angled triple prism changes the direction of the parallel light and vertically emits the parallel light, the parallel light passes through the precipitation particle sampling area and then reaches the receiving end right-angled triple prism, the receiving end right-angled triple prism changes the direction of the incident parallel light and vertically emits the incident parallel light, and the incident parallel light is converged by the receiving end lens group and then is projected onto the image sensor;
the device also comprises a data processing and controlling unit, wherein the data processing and controlling unit is respectively in control connection with the light source and the image sensor and is used for controlling the light source to emit pulse light, acquiring image data in the image sensor and obtaining data information of precipitation particles through calculation processing.
2. The Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) based on Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) of claim 1, wherein the data processing and control unit controls the pulse frequency of the light source and the exposure time of the image sensor to make the same precipitation particle leave image information of two positions in one frame of image.
3. The Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) based on Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) of claim 1, characterized in that the image sensor is an area-array image sensor.
4. The Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) based on Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) of claim 1, characterized in that the light source is a point light source.
5. The particle image velocimetry based on particle image velocimetry of claim 1, characterized in that the receiving end lens group comprises a large lens group and a small lens group which are arranged in turn along the optical path direction.
6. The Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) based on Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer walls of the transmitting end lens group and the receiving end lens group are circumferentially provided with annular heating devices for heating the lens groups.
7. The particle image velocimetry based on particle image velocimetry of claim 1, characterized in that the outside of the transmitting end right-angled triangular prism and the receiving end right-angled triangular prism are respectively fixedly provided with a protective cover for protecting the right-angled triangular prisms.
8. The Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) based on Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) of claim 7, characterized in that a blowing device is arranged in the shield for blowing air at the shield opening.
9. The particle image velocimetry based on particle image velocimetry of claim 7, characterized in that a temperature and humidity sensor is arranged in the protective cover, and the temperature and humidity sensor is in control connection with the data processing and control unit and is used for acquiring environmental temperature and humidity information in real time and transmitting the information to the data processing and control unit.
10. The particle image velocimetry based on the particle image velocimetry technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data processing and control unit is in control connection with an upper computer and is used for transmitting the obtained data information of the precipitation particles to the upper computer, and the precipitation information is obtained through calculation by the upper computer.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211504347.0A CN115755230A (en) | 2022-11-28 | 2022-11-28 | Raindrop spectrometer based on particle image velocimetry technology |
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| CN202211504347.0A CN115755230A (en) | 2022-11-28 | 2022-11-28 | Raindrop spectrometer based on particle image velocimetry technology |
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| CN115755230A true CN115755230A (en) | 2023-03-07 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117148477A (en) * | 2023-09-05 | 2023-12-01 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Precipitation particle multi-angle stereoscopic imaging measurement device and method |
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- 2022-11-28 CN CN202211504347.0A patent/CN115755230A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117148477A (en) * | 2023-09-05 | 2023-12-01 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Precipitation particle multi-angle stereoscopic imaging measurement device and method |
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