CN115748080A - High-strength warp-knitted fabric - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及纺织技术领域,特别是涉及高强力经编织物。The invention relates to the technical field of textiles, in particular to high-strength warp knitted fabrics.
背景技术Background technique
经编织物可分为紧密织物、网眼织物、弹性织物、非弹性织物或圆筒形织物和平幅织物,其中网眼宽松单面针织物可用于航天天线、过滤材料和渔网;致密单面针织织物可用于涂层或制作医疗用品等;衬纬单面经编针织物可用于轮胎帘布、螺旋桨叶、风车帆等复合材料,以及防弹织物、PVC涂层等增强材料。目前,经编产品已广泛应用于工业、农业、土工工程、航天航空以及生物医疗等产业领域,对各行业的发展有积极的推进作用。Warp knitted fabrics can be divided into compact fabrics, mesh fabrics, elastic fabrics, non-elastic fabrics or cylindrical fabrics and flat fabrics, of which mesh loose single jersey fabrics can be used for aerospace antennas, filter materials and fishing nets; dense single jersey fabrics can be used For coating or making medical supplies, etc.; weft-inserted single-sided warp knitted fabrics can be used for composite materials such as tire cords, propeller blades, and windmill sails, as well as reinforcing materials such as bulletproof fabrics and PVC coatings. At present, warp knitting products have been widely used in industries such as industry, agriculture, geotechnical engineering, aerospace and biomedicine, and have played a positive role in promoting the development of various industries.
织物应用于某些特定的产业领域时,对织物的性能有特殊的要求,比如大型遮阳织物,防水用的篷布、飞机的增强骨架等,要求织物有高强力,横向和纵向的延展性小,良好的尺寸稳定性等。对于此类具有特殊要求的织物,编织机器和工艺设计对织物的性能都有显著的影响。When the fabric is used in some specific industrial fields, there are special requirements for the performance of the fabric, such as large-scale sunshade fabrics, waterproof tarpaulins, aircraft reinforcement skeletons, etc. The fabrics are required to have high strength and low lateral and longitudinal extensibility. , Good dimensional stability, etc. For such fabrics with special requirements, the weaving machine and process design have a significant impact on the properties of the fabric.
与机织物和纬编织物相比,从结构稳定性上来讲,经编织物相对比较稳定。机织物是由经纱和纬纱交织而成,具有扯边性,及经纱或纬纱可以从布边扯出;纬编织物由一根或几根纬纱编织而成,具有脱散性,及布边的线圈可以从织物中脱散开来,且纬编线圈易变形,经纬向延展性大。而经编织物是由很多组纱线经向编织而成,相连纱线相互成圈、穿套,并通过延展线连接上下横列与左右纵行,伸直的延展线的存在使得织物形变程度更小,因此结构相对比较稳定。在结构弹性(由织物结构产生的弹性)上,机织物经向和纬向的延展性都很小,纬编织物经向和纬向的延展性都很大,经编织物经向和纬向的延展性可以按照不同的工艺和纱线进行调节。Compared with woven fabrics and weft-knitted fabrics, warp-knitted fabrics are relatively stable in terms of structural stability. Woven fabrics are interwoven with warp yarns and weft yarns, and have edge-tearing properties, and the warp yarns or weft yarns can be pulled out from the edges of the fabric; The loops can be detached from the fabric, and the weft-knitted loops are easy to deform, and have great ductility in the warp and weft directions. The warp-knitted fabric is made of many groups of yarns warp-wise, and the connected yarns form loops and sleeves with each other, and connect the upper and lower rows and left and right wales through extension threads. The existence of straight extension threads makes the fabric more deformable. Small, so the structure is relatively stable. In terms of structural elasticity (elasticity produced by the fabric structure), the warp and weft directions of woven fabrics have little extensibility, and weft knitted fabrics have great extensibility in both warp and weft directions. The extensibility can be adjusted according to different processes and yarns.
总的来说,机织物的横向和纵向延展性小,但经纬纱只是相互穿插,稳定性相对较差,强力低。纬编织物的稳定性也低于经编织物,延展性大于经编织物。经编织物中纱线相互成圈穿套,因此强力较好,但是横向和纵向的延展性相比机织物要大。不过,经编针织物的延展性与梳栉数、纱线及组织有关,根据不同的工艺设计,有的经编针织物横向和纵向均有延展性,但有的织物则尺寸稳定性很好。因此,通过工艺设计,得到具有高强力、网孔织物或特殊用途的织物,是值得研究的,具有广泛的应用前景。Generally speaking, the horizontal and vertical stretch of woven fabrics is small, but the warp and weft yarns are only interspersed with each other, the stability is relatively poor, and the strength is low. The stability of weft knitted fabric is also lower than that of warp knitted fabric, and its extensibility is greater than that of warp knitted fabric. The yarns in the warp knitted fabric are looped and looped with each other, so the strength is better, but the transverse and longitudinal extensibility is greater than that of the woven fabric. However, the ductility of warp-knitted fabrics is related to the number of bars, yarns and weaves. According to different process designs, some warp-knitted fabrics have transverse and longitudinal ductility, but some fabrics have good dimensional stability. . Therefore, it is worthy of research to obtain high-strength, mesh fabrics or special-purpose fabrics through process design, and has broad application prospects.
现有技术中,US6477865公开了一种三维针织织物,该织物为三维针织网眼织物,包括前网和后网,以及连接在前网和后网之间的连接纱和镶嵌纱线组成的三维马奎塞特状结构。该织物具有良好的尺寸稳定性和形状保持性(延展性小)。并且在横向和纵向都有较好的拉伸强度。该织物由双针床拉舍尔经编机编织而成,织物较厚,三维结构的内层可以填充其他物质,织物表面比较粗糙。对于一些特定的应用领域,比如大型体育馆的遮阳和防水面料,在不增加织物厚度的情况下仍须保持高强力和尺寸稳定性,该三维织物并不能适用。In the prior art, US6477865 discloses a three-dimensional knitted fabric, which is a three-dimensional knitted mesh fabric, including a front net and a rear net, and a three-dimensional horse made of connecting yarns and inlaid yarns connected between the front net and the rear net. Quesset-like structure. The fabric has good dimensional stability and shape retention (low stretch). And it has good tensile strength in both transverse and longitudinal directions. The fabric is woven by a double-needle bed Raschel warp knitting machine. The fabric is relatively thick, and the inner layer of the three-dimensional structure can be filled with other substances, and the surface of the fabric is relatively rough. For some specific applications, such as sunshade and waterproof fabrics for large gymnasiums, high strength and dimensional stability must be maintained without increasing the thickness of the fabric, and the three-dimensional fabric is not suitable.
US20200190713公开了一种具有优异撕裂强度的经编织物,由至少三根导杆(包括前导杆、中导杆和后导杆)送入的纱线编织而成,其中从后导杆送入的后纱形成绳索针织纹理,从前导杆送入的前纱和从中间导杆送入的中间纱线沿纬向交替排列,每根前纱和中纱在经纱方向上交替形成针迹形成纹理和插入纹理,并且由前纱形成的插入纹理和由中间纱线形成的插入纹理至少在经纱方向上交替排列,因此前纱线和中纱至少在后纱的沉降环上的经纱方向上交替暴露。该织物具有很好的强力,但是织物是有弹性的,尤其在横向具有很大的延展性。US20200190713 discloses a warp knitted fabric with excellent tear strength, which is braided by yarns fed from at least three guide rods (including front guide rods, middle guide rods and rear guide rods), wherein the yarn fed from the rear guide rods The back yarn forms a rope knitting texture, the front yarn fed from the front guide rod and the middle yarn fed from the middle guide rod are alternately arranged along the weft direction, and each front yarn and middle yarn alternately form stitches in the warp direction to form texture and Insert texture, and the insert texture formed by the front yarn and the insert texture formed by the middle yarn are alternately arranged at least in the warp direction, so that the front yarn and the middle yarn are exposed alternately in the warp direction on the sinker ring of the rear yarn at least. The fabric has good strength, but the fabric is elastic, especially in the transverse direction with great extensibility.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明通过在不同用途的经编织物中,设置经向和/或纬向的增强线提高织物的强力。The present invention improves the strength of the fabric by arranging warp and/or weft reinforcing threads in warp knitted fabrics for different purposes.
通过以下技术方案来实现上述目的:Through the following technical solutions to achieve the above purpose:
经编是指采用一组或几组平行排列的纱线,于经向喂入针织机的所有工作针上,同时成圈而形成织物的工艺过程。形成的线圈沿经向排列,由相邻的纱线相互套接而成。在套接过程中,每根纱线都由单独的针控制。在经编织造中,纱线一般分为成圈和不成圈的纱线。其中成圈的纱线编织成编链组织、纬向增强组织等,不成圈的纱线编织成衬纬垫纱,提花组织等。Warp knitting refers to the process of using one or several groups of yarns arranged in parallel to form loops at the same time on all the working needles of the warp-feeding knitting machine to form a fabric. The formed loops are arranged along the warp direction and are formed by nesting adjacent yarns. During the nesting process, each yarn is controlled by an individual needle. In warp knitting, yarns are generally divided into looped and non-looped yarns. Among them, the looped yarns are woven into knitting chain weaves, weft-reinforced weaves, etc., and the non-looped yarns are woven into weft-inserted yarns, jacquard weaves, etc.
编链线编织得到织物的编链组织,特点是每一线圈纵行由同一根经纱形成,编织时每根经纱始终在同一针上垫纱而形成。编链组织形成的织物为条带状,在编链组织中各纵行间互不联系,纵向延展性小,一般用它与其他组织复合织成织物,可以进一步减小纵向延展性。编链组织根据垫纱方法不同可分为闭口编链和开口编链,其中闭口编链中线圈的两根延展线相互交叉,开口编链中线圈的两根延展线不交叉。The knitting chain structure of the fabric is obtained by weaving the chain line, which is characterized in that each coil wale is formed by the same warp yarn, and each warp yarn is always formed by laying yarn on the same needle during weaving. The fabric formed by the braided chain weave is strip-shaped, and the longitudinal rows in the braided chain weave are not connected to each other, and the longitudinal extensibility is small. Generally, it is used to weave fabrics with other tissues to further reduce the longitudinal extensibility. The knitting chain structure can be divided into closed knitting chain and open knitting chain according to the different yarn laying methods, in which the two extension lines of the loop in the closed knitting chain cross each other, and the two extension lines of the loop in the open knitting chain do not intersect.
为了增加织物在经向的强力,同时减小经向的延展性,在编链组织相邻的针位,交替设置有经向增强线。经向增强线与其他纱线都不成圈,绕着编链组织相邻的针位经向交替移动,因此,经向增强组织是S形缠绕在编链组织上的。经向增强组织没有成圈,因此没有线圈拉伸后变形引起的延伸,织物在经向的延展性很小。In order to increase the strength of the fabric in the warp direction and reduce the extensibility in the warp direction, the warp direction reinforcement threads are arranged alternately at the adjacent needle positions of the knitting chain. The warp reinforcement thread and other yarns do not form loops, and move alternately around the adjacent needle positions of the braided chain weave. Therefore, the warp direction reinforced weave is wound on the braided chain weave in an S-shape. There is no looping in the warp direction reinforcing tissue, so there is no extension caused by the deformation of the coil after stretching, and the fabric has little extensibility in the warp direction.
进一步的,经向增强组织可以是沿着编链组织的每一个线圈在经向交替移动,此时经向增强组织的形状为“S”形,也可以是间隔若干个线圈交替移动,此时经向增强组织的形状为阶梯形。Further, the meridional reinforcing tissue can alternately move in the meridian direction along each coil of the braided chain tissue. At this time, the shape of the meridional reinforcing tissue is an "S" shape, or it can move alternately with several coils at intervals. At this time The shape of the meridional reinforcing tissue is stepped.
另一方面,织物的经向增强组织显著增强了织物在经向的强力。并且根据不同的应用场景,通过调节经向增强线的粗细,使织物具有不同的强力。一般情况下,对于相同材质的纱线,纱线越粗,纱线的强力越大。由于经向增强线不需要成圈,可以根据不同的应用场景选择不同粗细的纱线,比如30D~1200D的单丝、纱线或高性能纤维都可以作为经向增强线。相对的,编链组织是成圈设置的,纱线越粗,织针与纱线的摩檫力就越大,在编织的过程中会脱圈困难,影响产品质量;另一方面,纱线越粗,成圈过程中织针需要移动的位移越大,由于织针能够摆动的最大位移是固定的,因此太粗的纱线会造成成圈困难,无法正常编织。一般情况下,需要成圈的纱线不大于300D。常见的用于编链组织的纱线为50~150D。On the other hand, the warp direction reinforcement of the fabric significantly enhances the strength of the fabric in the warp direction. And according to different application scenarios, the fabric has different strengths by adjusting the thickness of the warp reinforcement threads. In general, for yarns of the same material, the thicker the yarn, the greater the strength of the yarn. Since the warp reinforcing thread does not need to be looped, yarns of different thicknesses can be selected according to different application scenarios. For example, 30D~1200D monofilament, yarn or high-performance fiber can be used as the warp reinforcing thread. In contrast, the knitting chain organization is set in loops, the thicker the yarn, the greater the friction between the knitting needle and the yarn, and it will be difficult to remove the loop during the weaving process, which will affect the quality of the product; on the other hand, the yarn The thicker the yarn, the greater the displacement that the knitting needle needs to move during the knitting process. Since the maximum displacement that the knitting needle can swing is fixed, too thick yarn will cause difficulty in knitting and cannot be knitted normally. In general, the yarn that needs to be looped is not more than 300D. The common yarn used for knitting chain organization is 50~150D.
当编链组织的每一个纵行上都缠绕有经向增强线时,织物在经向增大的强力是最大的。根据不同的使用场景,从节约原材料的角度,也可以是任一间隔的编链组织上设置经向增强线,比如每隔一根编链组织设置一根经向增强线;或每隔若干根编链组织设置一根经向增强线。When each wale of the braided chain is wound with a warp reinforcing thread, the increased strength of the fabric in the warp direction is the greatest. According to different usage scenarios, from the perspective of saving raw materials, it is also possible to set warp reinforcement lines on any interval of the chain organization, such as setting a warp reinforcement line every other chain organization; or every few The braided chain weave sets a warp-strengthening line.
经向增强线一般采用延展性小的纱线,比如涤纶。也可以根据需求,使用特殊的或者具有功能性的纱线,比如高强涤纶、芳纶、碳纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维等高性能纤维,棉、麻、毛、蚕丝等天然纤维,以及人造纤维、阻燃纤维、抗菌纤维、导电纤维等功能性纤维。编织得到的织物具有高强力同时具有相应的功能性。Warp direction reinforcement yarns generally use yarns with low ductility, such as polyester. Special or functional yarns can also be used according to requirements, such as high-strength polyester, aramid, carbon fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, glass fiber, basalt fiber and other high-performance fibers, cotton, hemp, wool, silk, etc. Natural fibers, as well as functional fibers such as man-made fibers, flame-retardant fibers, antibacterial fibers, and conductive fibers. The woven fabric has high strength and corresponding functionality.
编链组织和经向增强组织的各纵行间互不联系,每一线圈纵行由同一根经纱形成。在经编织物的线圈圈干与延展线之间,周期地垫入一根或几根不成圈的衬纬线,形成织物的衬纬垫纱。衬纬线本身不成圈,是被编链组织线圈的圈干和延展线夹住,衬纬线的转向处,挂在上下两横列的延展线上。通过衬纬垫纱将各个独立的纵行线圈联系在一起,形成织物。The wales of the braided chain weave and warp reinforcement weave are not connected to each other, and each coil wale is formed by the same warp yarn. Between the loops of warp-knitted fabrics and the extended threads, one or several non-looped weft-inserted threads are periodically inserted to form the weft-inserted yarn of the fabric. The inlay thread itself does not form a loop, but is clamped by the coil stem and extension thread of the knitting chain coil, and the turning point of the inlay thread is hung on the extension line of the upper and lower rows. The individual wale loops are linked together by weft inlays to form the fabric.
提花线也可以作为各纵行线圈之间的横向联系,提花线在所编织地组织上产生垫纱横移针距数的变化,从而产生不同的花型,这样的经编结构称为贾卡经编组织。控制提花线的贾卡导纱针能够在一定范围内独立垫纱运动,所以能够编织出尺寸不受限制的花型。并且,提花线能够分别形成网孔组织、稀薄组织和厚密组织这三种不同风格花型。在织物上,三种不同风格的花型根据使用场景可以任意设置。对于特殊的应用领域,提花线也可以是功能性纱线,本申请中,采用隔热纱线作为提花线,编织得到同时具有网孔组织,稀薄组织和厚密组织的织物,该织物的贾卡组织能阻隔红外辐射,并且由于织物的厚薄不一,对红外线辐射的遮挡率不同,在户外模拟自然环境,因此该织物能作为伪装面料。能作为隔热纱线为全消光DTY纱线,芳纶或导电纤维中的一种或几种。The jacquard thread can also be used as the horizontal connection between the wale coils. The jacquard thread produces changes in the number of stitches of the lapped yarn on the knitted fabric, thereby producing different patterns. Such a warp knitted structure is called jacquard. Warp organization. The jacquard guide needle controlling the jacquard thread can independently move the lap yarn within a certain range, so it can weave patterns with unlimited sizes. Moreover, the jacquard thread can form three different styles of patterns: mesh weave, thin weave and thick weave. On the fabric, three different styles of patterns can be set arbitrarily according to the usage scene. For special application fields, the jacquard thread can also be a functional yarn. In this application, heat-insulating yarns are used as the jacquard thread to weave a fabric with a mesh structure, a thin structure and a dense structure. The card structure can block infrared radiation, and because the thickness of the fabric is different, the shielding rate of infrared radiation is different, and the natural environment is simulated outdoors, so the fabric can be used as a camouflage fabric. It can be used as one or more of all-dull DTY yarns, aramid fibers or conductive fibers as heat-insulating yarns.
当织物需要在纬向增加强力时,还包括纬向增强线,纬向增强线编织于织物的正面,在每一个横列,纬向增强线至少进行3个针距的针背横移垫纱,再反方向纬向进行至少3个针距的针背横移垫纱,并且在每一个横列最后一个针位处成圈,形成织物的纬向增强组织。纬向增强组织的线圈可以是开口线圈,也可以是闭口线圈。由于纬向增强线在每一个横列都至少横移3个针距,织物的结构紧密,同时增强了纬向和经向的强力。一般情况下,同一个横列中,针背横移垫纱的针距数越多,织物结构越紧密,织物的强力越大,但是相应地也增加了编织的难度。经过多次测试,纬向增强线在针背横移垫纱为1针或2针时,织物的强度增加较小;当针背横移垫纱为3针以上时,织物结构紧密,强力显著增强;当针背横移垫纱为6针以上时,纺织难度较大,织物的厚度也明显增加。因此,优选地,纬向增强线在同一横列进行3~6个针距的针背横移垫纱。When the fabric needs to increase the strength in the weft direction, it also includes the weft reinforcement thread. The weft reinforcement thread is woven on the front of the fabric. In each course, the weft reinforcement thread is at least 3 stitches away from the back of the needle. Carry out at least 3 stitches in the weft direction in the reverse weft direction, and make a loop at the last needle position of each course to form a weft reinforced weave of the fabric. The coils of latitudinal reinforcement tissue can be open coils or closed coils. Since the weft reinforcement threads are traversed by at least 3 stitches in each course, the structure of the fabric is compact, and the strength in the weft and warp directions is enhanced at the same time. Generally speaking, in the same row, the more the stitches of the back of the needle are traversed, the tighter the fabric structure will be, and the stronger the fabric will be, but the difficulty of weaving will be increased accordingly. After many tests, the strength of the fabric increases slightly when the weft reinforcement thread is moved across the back of the needle for 1 or 2 stitches; when the back of the needle is moved over 3 stitches, the fabric has a tight structure and significant strength Reinforcement; when the back of the needle moves more than 6 needles, the weaving is more difficult, and the thickness of the fabric also increases significantly. Therefore, preferably, the weft reinforcement thread is traversing the back of the needle for 3 to 6 gauges in the same course.
由于纬向增强线编织在织物的正面,在每一个横向针位处,编链组织能够将纬向增强线的延展线压住,使织物结构紧密。如果纬向增强线编织于织物的反面,同时中间针位是横移,那样除了横向最后一个针位处成圈,中间的纬向增强线的延展线是浮在织物的表面的,结构蓬松,并且容易勾丝,织物的强力降低。Since the weft reinforcing thread is woven on the front of the fabric, at each horizontal needle position, the knitting chain structure can press the extension line of the weft reinforcing thread to make the fabric structure tight. If the weft reinforcing thread is woven on the reverse side of the fabric, and the middle needle position is moved laterally, except for the loop at the last needle position in the horizontal direction, the extension line of the weft reinforcing thread in the middle is floating on the surface of the fabric, and the structure is fluffy. And it is easy to snag, and the strength of the fabric is reduced.
衬纬线除了使织物的结构紧密,也能够增强织物纬向的强力。衬纬线纬向横移的针距越大,形成的衬纬垫纱越密,同时纬向的延伸性越小。经过试验,衬纬线至少纬向横移3针距,织物在纬向的延展性明显减小。衬纬线横移的针数越多,织物的结构越紧密,厚度越大,当衬纬线横移6针及以上时,织物的厚度几乎是横移3针时的2倍,并且织造的难度也明显增强。本申请中,衬纬线至少纬向移动3个针距,优选地,衬纬线纬向横移3~6个针距,织物结构紧密,纬向延展性小。In addition to making the structure of the fabric tight, the weft insertion can also enhance the weft strength of the fabric. The larger the needle pitch of the weft inlay is, the denser the weft inlay yarn will be formed, and the less extensibility in the weft direction will be. After testing, the weft inlay is moved across at least 3 stitches in the weft direction, and the fabric's extensibility in the weft direction is significantly reduced. The more stitches the weft inlay traverses, the tighter the structure of the fabric and the greater the thickness. When the weft inlay traverses 6 needles or more, the thickness of the fabric is almost twice that of 3 needles, and the difficulty of weaving is also greater. Visibly enhanced. In the present application, the weft inlay moves at least 3 stitches in the weft direction, preferably, the weft inlay moves 3 to 6 stitches laterally in the weft direction, so that the fabric has a compact structure and low weft extensibility.
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
1.本申请的高强力经编织物,在不增加织物厚度的情况下,织物有很好的强力和尺寸稳定性,横向和纵向的延展性小,能承受进一步加工而不变形。1. The high-strength warp-knitted fabric of the present application has good strength and dimensional stability without increasing the thickness of the fabric, and has little lateral and longitudinal extensibility, and can withstand further processing without deformation.
2.纬向增强组织同时在织物的经向和纬向垫纱,使织物的结构紧密,不仅能增强经向和纬向的强力,并且根据不同的应用场景,设计不同的垫纱运动方案,使织物在斜向不同的角度增加强力。2. The weft-intensified organization simultaneously lays yarns in the warp and weft directions of the fabric to make the structure of the fabric tighter, which not only enhances the strength in the warp and weft directions, but also designs different laying motion schemes according to different application scenarios. Increase the strength of the fabric at different angles.
3.本申请的经向增强组织与其他纱线都不成圈的,是缠绕在编链组织上的,因此,经向增强线可以使用不同粗细的纱线,比如大于300D的纱线,一般用于成圈的纱线都会小于300D,因此,经向增强组织能够大大增强织物在经向的强力。同时,经向增强组织能够使织物的结构更加紧密。3. The warp direction reinforcing structure of this application does not form loops with other yarns, and is wound on the knitting chain structure. Therefore, the warp direction reinforcing line can use yarns of different thicknesses, such as yarns greater than 300D, which are generally used The yarns used for forming loops are all less than 300D, therefore, the warp direction reinforcement structure can greatly enhance the strength of the fabric in the warp direction. At the same time, warp reinforcement can make the structure of the fabric more compact.
4.本申请的技术方案,能够应用于各种风格的经编织物,用于增加织物的强力,比如遮阳布,防水布,帐篷,工程布、医用固定绑带、复合材料、伪装面料等。4. The technical solution of this application can be applied to warp knitted fabrics of various styles to increase the strength of fabrics, such as sunshade cloth, waterproof cloth, tents, engineering cloth, medical fixing straps, composite materials, camouflage fabrics, etc.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明编链组织的线圈结构图和垫纱运动图;Fig. 1 is the loop structure diagram and lap yarn movement diagram of knitting chain organization of the present invention;
图2是本发明经向增强线的一种垫纱运动图;Fig. 2 is a kind of laying yarn movement diagram of warp direction reinforcing thread of the present invention;
图3是本发明纬向增强线的一种线圈结构图和垫纱运动图;Fig. 3 is a kind of loop structure diagram and laying motion diagram of weft reinforcing thread of the present invention;
图4是本发明衬纬垫纱的垫纱运动图;Fig. 4 is the kinematic diagram of the laying yarn of the present invention;
图5是本发明贾卡导纱针在三根针范围内垫纱运动图;Fig. 5 is a movement diagram of the jacquard yarn guide needle in the range of three needles in the present invention;
图6是本发明实施例1的垫纱运动图;Fig. 6 is the kinematic figure of lapping yarn of
图7是本发明一种高强力的红外伪装面料的实物图;Fig. 7 is the physical figure of a kind of high-strength infrared camouflage fabric of the present invention;
图8是本发明一种防勾毛的高精密医用隔帘面料的电镜图;Fig. 8 is the electron micrograph of a kind of anti-snag high-precision medical curtain fabric of the present invention;
图9是纬向增强线编织于面料背面时勾毛后的实物图。Fig. 9 is a physical picture of the weft reinforcing thread after being hooked when it is woven on the back of the fabric.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。此处所描述的具体实施例仅用于解释本发明,而非对本发明的限定。另外,还需要说明的是,为了便于描述,附图中仅示出了与本发明相关的部分而非全部结构。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. In addition, it should be noted that, for the convenience of description, only some structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings but not all structures.
图1为本申请中编链组织的线圈结构图和垫纱运动图,根据垫纱方法的不同,分为闭口编链和开口编链,分别如图中的(1)、(2)所示,其中闭口编链(1)的垫纱数码为0-1//,开口编链(2)的垫纱数码为0-1/1-0//。闭口编链中线圈的两根延展线是相交叉的,开口编链线圈的两根延展线不相交。本申请的编链组织可以是开口编链组织或者闭口编链组织。Figure 1 is the coil structure diagram of the knitting chain organization and the yarn laying movement diagram in this application. According to the different yarn laying methods, it can be divided into closed knitting chain and open knitting chain, as shown in (1) and (2) in the figure respectively , wherein the lapping number of the closed knitting chain (1) is 0-1//, and the lapping number of the open knitting chain (2) is 0-1/1-0//. The two extension lines of the coil in the closed-end chaining are intersected, and the two extension lines of the open-end chaining coil are not intersecting. The chaining organization of the present application may be an open chaining organization or a closed chaining organization.
图2是本申请的经向增强线的一种垫纱运动图,经向增强线围绕编链组织设置,图2中,编链组织的垫纱数码为0-1//,编链组织的两个相邻针位为0、1,经向增强线绕着编链组织相邻的针位经向交替移动,缠绕在编链组织的一侧,经向增强线的垫纱数码为0-0/1-1//,经向增强线能够显著增强织经向的强力,减少经向的延展性。Fig. 2 is a kind of laying motion diagram of the warp reinforcement thread of the present application, the warp direction reinforcement thread is arranged around the knitting chain structure, in Fig. 2, the laying number of the knitting chain structure is 0-1//, the number of the knitting chain structure is The two adjacent needle positions are 0 and 1, and the warp direction reinforcing thread moves around the adjacent needle positions of the knitting chain structure alternately in the warp direction, and is wound on one side of the knitting chain structure. 0/1-1//, the warp reinforcing thread can significantly enhance the warp strength and reduce the warp extensibility.
图3是本申请纬向增强线的一种线圈结构图和垫纱运动图,在每一个横列,纱线除了在纬向最后一个针位处成圈,中间部分的纱线是横移的,其垫纱数码为1-0/3-4//,纱线在每个横列进行3针的针背横移垫纱。该垫纱方式的纬向增强线适合编织于织物的正面,用编链组织将每一个横向针位的纬向增强线延展线压住,织物具有紧密的结构,同时能够减少纱线的用量。Fig. 3 is a loop structure diagram and laying yarn movement diagram of the weft reinforcing thread of the present application. In each course, the yarn is looped at the last needle position in the weft direction, and the yarn in the middle part is traversed. Its lapping number is 1-0/3-4//, and the yarn is carried out 3 needles in each course to traverse the lapping on the back of the needle. The weft reinforcing thread of this lapping method is suitable for weaving on the front of the fabric, and the weft reinforcing thread extension line of each horizontal needle position is pressed by the knitting chain structure, so that the fabric has a compact structure and can reduce the amount of yarn used.
图4是本申请衬纬垫纱的垫纱运动图,在每一个横列,衬纬线进行3针距的针背横移垫纱,织物结构紧密,纬向延展性小。Fig. 4 is the yarn laying motion diagram of the weft-inserted yarn of the present application. In each course, the weft-inserted yarn is moved across the back of the needle for 3 stitches to lay the yarn. The fabric structure is tight and the weft direction extensibility is small.
图5是贾卡导纱针在三根针范围内垫纱运动图。其中(1)是贾卡梳栉向右针背横移垫纱和向左针背横移垫纱时,贾卡导纱针均不偏移,保持两针距垫纱,贾卡纱线的垫纱数码为0-1/2-1//,形成稀薄组织;(2)所示为贾卡梳栉向右针背横移垫纱时,贾卡导纱针向左偏移一针距,两针距垫纱变为一针距垫纱,贾卡纱线的垫纱数码为0-1//,形成网孔组织;(3)为贾卡梳栉向左针背横移垫纱时,贾卡导纱针向左偏移一针距,两针距垫纱变为三针距垫纱,贾卡纱线的垫纱数码为0-2/3-2//,形成厚密组织。Fig. 5 is a movement diagram of the jacquard yarn guide needle lapping yarn within the range of three needles. Among them (1) is when the Jacquard bar traverses the lapping yarn to the right needle back and the left needle back traverses the lapping yarn, the Jacquard yarn guide needle does not deviate, and the two gauges are kept for lapping the yarn, and the Jacquard yarn Laying number is 0-1/2-1//, forming a thin weave; (2) shows that when the jacquard bar moves horizontally to the right needle back to inlay the yarn, the jacquard guide needle shifts to the left by one pitch , the two-gauge lap yarn becomes one-gauge lap yarn, and the lap yarn number of the Jacquard yarn is 0-1//, forming a mesh structure; (3) The Jacquard bar moves the lap yarn to the left needle back At this time, the Jacquard yarn guide needle shifts to the left by one pitch, and the two-gauge pad yarn becomes a three-gauge pad yarn, and the pad yarn number of the Jacquard yarn is 0-2/3-2//, forming a thick and dense organize.
实施例1Example 1
本实施例中,同时在织物的经向和纬向设置增强线,得到一种高强力经编织物。本实施例的织物的结构紧密,横向和纵向延展性小,尺寸稳定性好。织物能够应用于对纺织品的强力和稳定性有高要求的领域,比如体育馆的大型遮阳布,相比不透光的涂层面料,本实施例的经编面料还具有透光、透气的作用,同时面料具有高强力和尺寸稳定性。In this embodiment, reinforcing threads are provided in the warp and weft directions of the fabric at the same time to obtain a high-strength warp knitted fabric. The fabric of this embodiment has a compact structure, low transverse and longitudinal extensibility, and good dimensional stability. The fabric can be applied to fields that have high requirements for the strength and stability of textiles, such as large-scale sunshade fabrics for gymnasiums. Compared with opaque coated fabrics, the warp-knitted fabrics of this embodiment also have light-transmitting and breathable effects. At the same time the fabric has high strength and dimensional stability.
本实施例的织物由编链线、纬向增强线、衬纬线和经向增强线编织而成。图5是本实施例编链线L1、纬向增强线L2、衬纬线L3和经向增强线L4的垫纱运动图,纱线的材质都是涤纶,其中L1是75D的FDY,L2是200D的DTY,L3是150D的DTY,L4是75D的FDY,得到的编链组织的垫纱数码为1-0/0-1//,编链组织的线圈为开口线圈。纬向增强组织的垫纱数码为1-0/3-4//,在一个横列中,纬向增强线进行3个针距的针背横移垫纱,在第三个针位3-4处成圈,再反方向针背横移垫纱3个针距,在下一个横列的第三个针位1-0处成圈。衬纬垫纱的数码为0-0/3-3//,在每一个横列,衬纬线横移3个针位,不成圈地垫入到织物的背面,形成织物的衬纬垫纱。经向增强线的垫纱数码为0-0/1-1//,经向增强线在0-0和1-1两个针位不成圈地交替移动,呈“S”形缠绕在编链组织的一侧,形成织物的经向增强组织。其中,编链组织在织物的正面,纬向增强组织编织在织物的正面,衬纬垫纱编织在织物的背面,经向增强组织编织于织物的背面。The fabric of this embodiment is woven from chain threads, weft reinforcing threads, weft insertion threads and warp reinforcing threads. Fig. 5 is the laying motion diagram of the knitting chain line L 1 , the weft reinforcing line L 2 , the weft inlay line L 3 and the warp reinforcing line L 4 in this embodiment. The yarns are all made of polyester, and L 1 is 75D. FDY, L 2 is 200D DTY, L 3 is 150D DTY, L 4 is 75D FDY, the lapping number of the obtained chain structure is 1-0/0-1//, and the loops of the chain structure are openings coil. The number of lapping yarns of the weft reinforcement structure is 1-0/3-4//, in one course, the weft reinforcement thread performs 3 stitches of needle back traverse lapping, and the third needle position is 3-4 Then, the needle back traverses the lap yarn for 3 gauges in the opposite direction, and forms a loop at the third needle position 1-0 in the next course. The numbers of the weft-inserted yarn are 0-0/3-3//. In each course, the weft-inserted thread moves 3 needle positions, and is inserted into the back of the fabric without loops to form the weft-inserted yarn of the fabric. The lapping number of the warp reinforcing thread is 0-0/1-1//, and the warp reinforcing thread moves alternately at the two needle positions of 0-0 and 1-1 without forming a circle, and is wound on the knitting chain in an "S" shape. One side of the tissue, forming the warp reinforcement of the fabric. Wherein, the knitting chain weave is woven on the front of the fabric, the weft reinforcing weaving is woven on the front of the fabric, the weft inlay yarn is woven on the back of the fabric, and the warp reinforcing weaving is woven on the back of the fabric.
关于参数织物的性能,检测方法和仪器如下:Regarding the performance of parameter fabrics, the detection methods and instruments are as follows:
测试标准:GB/T 3923.1-2013《纺织品-织物拉伸性能 第1部分:断裂强力和断裂伸长率的测定(条样法)》Test standard: GB/T 3923.1-2013 "Textiles - Tensile properties of fabrics Part 1: Determination of breaking strength and elongation at break (strip method)"
测试仪器:YG026T-H型电子织物强力机Test instrument: YG026T-H electronic fabric strength tester
测试方法:经向和纬向分别裁取5块30 cm×5 cm的试样进行试验,计算经纬向断裂强力平均值。电子织物强力机的预加张力为2 N,上下夹持距离为200 mm,拉伸速度为100mm/min。Test method: Cut five samples of 30 cm×5 cm in the warp and weft directions respectively for testing, and calculate the average breaking strength in the warp and weft directions. The pre-tension of the electronic fabric strength tester is 2 N, the upper and lower clamping distance is 200 mm, and the tensile speed is 100 mm/min.
实施例1中得到的织物,经测试,经向的拉伸强力为505.8N,断裂伸长率为56.5%;纬向的拉伸强力为1316.5 N,断裂伸长率为52.7%。The fabric obtained in Example 1 has been tested. The tensile strength in the warp direction is 505.8 N, and the elongation at break is 56.5%; the tensile strength in the weft direction is 1316.5 N, and the elongation at break is 52.7%.
对比例1Comparative example 1
除纬向增强线的垫纱数码与实施例1不同之外,其他都与实施例1相同,得到的织物强力性能如表1所示:Except that the number of lap yarns of the weft reinforcing thread is different from that of Example 1, other are all the same as Example 1, and the fabric strength properties obtained are as shown in Table 1:
表1Table 1
从上表中可知,当纬向增强线在一个横列中针背横移1针或2针时,织物在纬向的强力较低,当纬向增强线横移3针及以上时,织物在经向和纬向都具有较高的强力。并且,纬向增强线在针背横移垫纱的针数越多,织物的结构越紧密,织物的厚度也明显增加。纬向增强线能够同时增加织物在纬向和经向的拉伸强力。当纬向增强线横移6针以上时,虽然强力大,但是织物的编织难度大,织物厚重。It can be seen from the above table that when the weft reinforcing thread moves 1 or 2 needles across the back of a row, the strength of the fabric in the weft direction is low; when the weft reinforcing thread moves 3 needles or more, the fabric Both warp and weft have high strength. Moreover, the more the number of stitches that the weft reinforcement thread moves across the back of the needle, the tighter the structure of the fabric, and the thickness of the fabric increases significantly. The weft reinforcing thread can increase the tensile strength of the fabric in the weft and warp directions at the same time. When the weft reinforcing thread traverses more than 6 needles, although the strength is large, the weaving of the fabric is difficult and the fabric is thick and heavy.
对比例2Comparative example 2
本对比例中,纬向增强线编织于织物的背面,其他都与实施例1相同。织物经测试,经向的拉伸强力为426.3N,断裂伸长率为57.6%;纬向的拉伸强力为1043.6N,断裂伸长率为49.9%。并且,当纬向增强线编织于织物的背面时,横移部分的纱线是浮在织物的表面的,结构蓬松,容易勾丝。实施例1的经向的拉伸强力为505.8N,断裂伸长率为56.5%;纬向的拉伸强力为1316.5 N,断裂伸长率为52.7%。相比下,织物的经向拉伸强力降低了15.7%,纬向拉伸强力降低了20.7%。本对比例与实施例1纱线用量是相同的,只是将纬向增强线编织于织物的背面或正面。采用不同的编织工艺时,对织物的强力有较大的影响。不同的工艺得到的织物外观也是不同的。因此,当纬向增强线编织于织物的正面时,编链组织将纬向增强线横移部分在每一个经向针位处压住,使织物的结构紧密,经纬向强力较高。In this comparative example, the weft reinforcing thread is woven on the back of the fabric, and the others are the same as in Example 1. After testing the fabric, the tensile strength in the warp direction is 426.3N, and the elongation at break is 57.6%; the tensile strength in the weft direction is 1043.6N, and the elongation at break is 49.9%. Moreover, when the weft reinforcing threads are woven on the back of the fabric, the yarns in the traversing part float on the surface of the fabric, and the structure is fluffy and easy to snag. The tensile strength in the warp direction of Example 1 is 505.8 N, and the elongation at break is 56.5%; the tensile strength in the weft direction is 1316.5 N, and the elongation at break is 52.7%. In comparison, the warp tensile strength of the fabric was reduced by 15.7% and the weft tensile strength was reduced by 20.7%. This comparative example has the same yarn consumption as that of Example 1, except that the weft reinforcing thread is woven on the back or front side of the fabric. When different weaving techniques are used, it has a greater impact on the strength of the fabric. The appearance of fabrics obtained by different processes is also different. Therefore, when the weft reinforcing thread is woven on the front of the fabric, the knitting chain structure will press the traverse part of the weft reinforcing thread at each warp needle position, so that the structure of the fabric is tight and the warp and weft strength is higher.
对比例3Comparative example 3
在本对比例中,除衬纬垫纱的垫纱数码与实施例1不同之外,其他都与实施例1相同,得到的织物强力性能如表2所示:In this comparative example, except that the laying numbers of the weft-laying yarns are different from Example 1, others are the same as Example 1, and the fabric strength properties obtained are as shown in Table 2:
表2Table 2
从上表中可知,当衬纬线在一个横列中横移1针或2针时,相比横移3针,织物在纬向的强力明显降低,当衬纬线横移3针及以上时,织物在纬向有较高的强力。并且,衬纬线在纬向横移的针数越多,织物的结构越紧密,织物的厚度也明显增加。当衬纬线横移6针以上时,虽然能增强织物的强力,但是织物的编织难度大。It can be seen from the above table that when the weft inlay is moved across 1 or 2 stitches in a row, the strength of the fabric in the weft direction is significantly reduced compared to 3 stitches across, and when the weft inlay is moved across 3 stitches or more, the fabric It has higher strength in weft direction. Moreover, the more the number of needles that the weft inserting thread moves laterally in the weft direction, the tighter the structure of the fabric, and the thickness of the fabric will also increase significantly. When the inlaid thread traverses more than 6 needles, although the strength of the fabric can be enhanced, the weaving of the fabric is difficult.
对比例4Comparative example 4
在本对比例中,除经向增强线的粗细与实施例1不同,其他都与实施例1相同,得到的织物强力性能如表3所示:In this comparative example, except that the thickness of the warp direction reinforcing thread is different from that of Example 1, others are the same as Example 1, and the strength properties of the obtained fabric are shown in Table 3:
表3table 3
从上表中可以看出,经向增强线能明显地增大织物的经向拉伸强力,织物11没有设置经向增强线,经向拉伸强力为390.2N,织物12设置了75D的经向增强线,经向拉伸强力为505.8N,强力增大了29.6%。经向增强线越粗,织物在经向的强力越大。由于经向增强线不需要成圈,可以根据不同的应用场景选择不同粗细的纱线,30D~1200D的纱线都可以作为经向增强线。经向增强线对于纬向的拉伸强力影响不明显。It can be seen from the above table that the warp direction reinforcing thread can significantly increase the warp direction tensile strength of the fabric. Fabric 11 is not provided with warp direction reinforcing thread, and the warp direction tensile strength is 390.2N. Fabric 12 is provided with a warp direction of 75D. To the reinforcement line, the longitudinal tensile strength is 505.8N, and the strength has increased by 29.6%. The thicker the warp reinforcement threads, the greater the strength of the fabric in the warp direction. Since the warp reinforcing thread does not need to be looped, yarns of different thicknesses can be selected according to different application scenarios, and yarns of 30D~1200D can be used as warp reinforcing thread. The effect of warp reinforcing threads on weft tensile strength is not obvious.
对比例5Comparative example 5
在本对比例中,减少经向增强线的数量,在编链组织中间隔的设置经向增强线,其他参数与实施例1相同。当间隔地在编链组织上设置经向增强线时,也就是一个纵行的编链组织设置经向增强线,相邻的编链组织上不设置经向增强线,得到的织物经向的拉伸强力为435.1N,断裂伸长率为55.8%;纬向的拉伸强力为1282.0N,断裂伸长率为53.2%。In this comparative example, the number of warp reinforcing lines was reduced, and the warp reinforcing lines were set at intervals in the braided chain tissue, and other parameters were the same as in Example 1. When the warp reinforcing lines are arranged on the knitting chain organization at intervals, that is, a longitudinal knitting chain organization is provided with the warp direction reinforcing lines, and the warp direction reinforcing lines are not set on the adjacent knitting chain tissues, the warp direction of the obtained fabric is The tensile strength is 435.1N, and the elongation at break is 55.8%; the tensile strength in the weft direction is 1282.0N, and the elongation at break is 53.2%.
实施例2Example 2
图7本实施例是将本申请的经编工艺应用于一种高强力的红外伪装面料。伪装面料通过阻隔红外辐射,使目标物的红外发射率模拟或接近周围环境,从而隐藏目标物达到伪装的目的。本实施例的伪装面料是由编链线、提花线、衬纬线和经向增强线编织而成的。其中编链线可以是开口也可以是闭口线圈。在每一组编链组织的一侧都设置有经向增强线,经向增强线可以是30D~1200D的涤纶纱线,纱线越粗,面料的强力越大。衬纬线进行一针距的衬纬垫纱。提花线为隔热纱线,可以是全消光DTY纱线,芳纶或导电纤维中的一种或几种。提花线根据不同的垫纱运动,得到网孔组织1、稀薄组织2和厚密组织3。其中网孔组织对于红外线的发射几乎没有阻挡,稀薄组织能够阻挡20%~50%的红外线,厚密组织能够阻挡80%以上的红外线。面料中网孔组织的面积为10%~30%,稀薄组织的面积为20%~50%,厚密组织的面积为50~80%。本实施例的面料可以作为大型的伪装面料,覆盖在人群或者装备上。由于面料的各部分对于红外线的阻挡率不同,使其模拟自然环境,达到伪装的目的。Fig. 7 In this embodiment, the warp knitting process of the present application is applied to a high-strength infrared camouflage fabric. By blocking infrared radiation, the camouflage fabric makes the infrared emissivity of the target simulate or approach the surrounding environment, thereby hiding the target to achieve the purpose of camouflage. The camouflage fabric of this embodiment is woven from chain threads, jacquard threads, weft insertion threads and warp reinforcement threads. Wherein the braided chain line can be either an open loop or a closed loop. One side of each group of knitting chains is provided with a warp reinforcing thread, which can be 30D~1200D polyester yarn, and the thicker the yarn, the greater the strength of the fabric. Weft-inserted yarn for one gauge of weft-inserted yarn. Jacquard yarn is heat-insulating yarn, which can be one or more of full-dull DTY yarn, aramid fiber or conductive fiber. The jacquard thread obtains
实施例3Example 3
本实施例是一种防勾毛的高精密医用隔帘面料。该面料由编链线、纬向增强线编织而成。编链组织的垫纱数码为1-0/0-1//,线圈为开口线圈。纬向增强组织的垫纱数码为1-0/4-5//,在一个横列中,纬向增强线进行4个针距的针背横移垫纱,在第四个针位4-5处成圈,再反方向针背横移垫纱4个针距,在下一个横列的第三个针位1-0处成圈。如图8所示,纬向增强线编织于织物的正面,编链组织将纬向增强线横移部分在每一个经向针位处压住,使织物的结构紧密,经纬向强力较高。This embodiment is a high-precision medical curtain fabric with anti-snag. The fabric is woven from chain threads and weft reinforcement threads. The lap yarn numbers of the knitting chain organization are 1-0/0-1//, and the coils are open coils. The number of lapping yarns of the weft reinforcement structure is 1-0/4-5//, in one course, the weft reinforcement thread is traversing the back of the needle for 4 gauges, and the fourth needle position is 4-5 Knit at the position, then move the back of the needle in the opposite direction for 4 gauges, and form a loop at the third needle position 1-0 in the next course. As shown in Figure 8, the weft reinforcing thread is woven on the front of the fabric, and the knitting chain structure presses the traverse part of the weft reinforcing thread at each warp needle position, so that the structure of the fabric is tight and the warp and weft strength is high.
当纬向增强线编织于织物的背面时,横移部分的纱线是浮在织物的表面的,结构蓬松,当有尖刺的物体触碰到面料的表面时,纬向增强线横移部分的纱线被勾住并拉伸后,造成纱线中部分纤维的断裂,断裂后的纤维浮在面料的表面,使面料表面粗糙,强力降低,影响外观和使用。如图9所示,纬向增强线编织于织物的背面时,面料勾丝后的图片。When the weft reinforcing thread is woven on the back of the fabric, the yarn of the traverse part floats on the surface of the fabric, and the structure is fluffy. When a sharp object touches the surface of the fabric, the traverse part of the weft reinforcing thread After the yarn is hooked and stretched, some fibers in the yarn are broken, and the broken fibers float on the surface of the fabric, making the surface of the fabric rough and reducing its strength, affecting appearance and use. As shown in Figure 9, when the weft reinforcing thread is woven on the back of the fabric, the picture of the fabric after snagging.
对比例6Comparative example 6
实施例3中,为了进一步增加医用隔帘经向的强力,同时使面料的悬垂性更好,本对比例中的面料由编链线、纬向增强线和经向增强线编织而成。其中纬向增强线编织面料的正面。在每一组编链组织上都设置有经向增强线,得到一种高强力的防勾毛的高精密医用隔帘面料。In Example 3, in order to further increase the strength in the warp direction of the medical curtain and at the same time make the drapability of the fabric better, the fabric in this comparative example is woven from chain threads, weft reinforcing threads and warp reinforcing threads. Wherein the weft reinforcement threads are woven on the front side of the fabric. Warp direction reinforcing lines are arranged on each group of knitting chains to obtain a high-strength anti-snag high-precision medical curtain fabric.
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the industry should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments. What are described in the above-mentioned embodiments and the description only illustrate the principle of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will also have Variations and improvements are possible, which fall within the scope of the claimed invention.
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