CN115747085A - 一株产多种吡嗪的酵母菌哈萨克斯坦酵母及其应用 - Google Patents
一株产多种吡嗪的酵母菌哈萨克斯坦酵母及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于微生物领域,具体涉及一株产多种吡嗪的酵母菌哈萨克斯坦酵母(Kazachstania unispora)及其应用,该产多种吡嗪的酵母菌哈萨克斯坦酵母的保藏号为CGMCC No.24601。通过GC‑MS检测分析,本发明的菌株可产生十余种吡嗪化合物,还能产生很多其他的分布于醇类、酸类、酯类的健康因子。因此,本发明的菌株具有较大的应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微生物领域,具体涉及一株产多种吡嗪的酵母菌哈萨克斯坦酵母(Kazachstania unispora)及其应用。
背景技术
烷基吡嗪是一类支链带有烷基基团的含氮杂环化合物,可以由微生物代谢产生。常见的可以产生吡嗪类物质的微生物主要为细菌,包括芽胞杆菌和分枝杆菌等。作为一类具有香气的化合物,吡嗪类物质在食品工业和医药方面具有非常重要的应用价值。就食品工业而已,吡嗪类物质具有类似于烤肉、烤花生、烤面包、以及可可香气等风味,广泛存在于天然或加工后的产品中,比如白酒、咖啡、或者茶叶的生产过程中。中国白酒中已检测出吡嗪类化合物有30多种,以烷基吡嗪类为主,包括2-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪、三甲基吡嗪、2-乙基-3,5-二甲基吡嗪、2,5-二甲基吡嗪、2-甲基吡嗪、四甲基吡嗪、2,3-二甲基吡嗪、2,6-二甲基吡嗪等,是白酒中最主要的香气成分之一。吡嗪类化合物在白酒中除了作为风味成分之外,还具有保健功效,因此吡嗪类化合物的生物学功能对健康白酒理念有十分重要的现实意义。
在乌龙茶制造工艺中,会生成2,5-二甲基吡嗪(2,5-DMP),是乌龙茶香气成分的重要因素之一。同时,在黑巧克力中,也发现了很多吡嗪类物质如四甲基吡嗪(TTMP), 2,3-二甲基吡嗪(2,3-DMP) 2,5-DMP,甲基吡嗪,以及三甲基吡嗪(2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine,TMP)等,是巧克力香气的重要来源。在咖啡中,甲基吡嗪、二甲基吡嗪、二乙基吡嗪、乙基吡嗪以及乙基-甲基吡嗪等吡嗪类物质是其香气成分的重要来源。此外,由于吡嗪类物质的气味特性非常强烈,其也常作为调味的食品添加剂和一些香料中间体应用于食品工业中。
除了在食品工业中作为风味成分之外,吡嗪类物质还具有抑制肿瘤、扩张血管、抗炎、抗氧化、治疗糖尿病等多种功效,在医药领域可以作为药物或者药物的中间体进行广泛应用。研究表明,2-甲基吡嗪具有抗氧化、分解甘油三酯和抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的功效,对改善高血糖和为机体提供能量具有非常重要的意义。四甲基吡嗪则可以应用于中枢神经,可以起到改善学习障碍的效果。此外,三甲基吡嗪(TMP)在医药领域也有非常重要的应用,具备抗氧化、抗炎和保护神经等功效,在治疗缺血性中风、阿尔茨海默病、脊髓损伤等方面起到非常重要的作用。
发明内容
本发明筛选发现了一株可产多种吡嗪的单孢哈萨克斯坦酵母菌,通过GC-MS检测分析,N2可产生十余种吡嗪化合物,包括2-甲基吡嗪、2,5-二甲基吡嗪、2,6-二甲基吡嗪、2-乙基-(5或6)-甲基吡嗪、3-乙基-2,5-甲基吡嗪、3,5-二乙基-2-甲基-吡嗪、2-甲基-6-乙烯基吡嗪、2-甲基-5-乙烯基吡嗪、2-乙基-3,5,6-三甲基吡嗪、异戊基吡嗪、2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪(三甲基吡嗪)。该菌株除产生了吡嗪的成分,还有很多其他的健康因子分布在醇类、酸类、酯类当中。由此完成本发明。
因此,本发明首先提供一种可产多种吡嗪的单孢哈萨克斯坦酵母菌,其保藏号为CGMCC No.24601。
本发明进而提供所述的酵母菌在制备吡嗪化合物中的应用。
更具体地,所述吡嗪化合物选自下述之一或多种:2-甲基吡嗪、2,5-二甲基吡嗪、2,6-二甲基吡嗪、2-乙基-(5或6)-甲基吡嗪、3-乙基-2,5-甲基吡嗪、3,5-二乙基-2-甲基-吡嗪、2-甲基-6-乙烯基吡嗪、2-甲基-5-乙烯基吡嗪、2-乙基-3,5,6-三甲基吡嗪、异戊基吡嗪、2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪(三甲基吡嗪)。
本发明也提供利用所述的酵母菌生产吡嗪化合物的方法,其包括如下步骤:培养所述酵母菌的步骤,以及分离吡嗪化合物的步骤。
具体地,所述吡嗪化合物选自下述之一或多种:2-甲基吡嗪、2,5-二甲基吡嗪、2,6-二甲基吡嗪、2-乙基-(5或6)-甲基吡嗪、3-乙基-2,5-甲基吡嗪、3,5-二乙基-2-甲基-吡嗪、2-甲基-6-乙烯基吡嗪、2-甲基-5-乙烯基吡嗪、2-乙基-3,5,6-三甲基吡嗪、异戊基吡嗪、2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪(三甲基吡嗪)。
优选地,培养所述酵母菌是在MRS培养基于25-35℃震荡培养,优选地培养12-16小时;所述MRS培养基组成为:蛋白胨 10.0g; 牛肉粉5.0g;葡萄糖20.0g; 酵母粉4.0g;乙酸钠5.0g;磷酸氢二钾2.0g;硫酸镁 0.2g; 柠檬酸三铵2.0g;硫酸锰0.05g;吐温80 1 ml;琼脂1.5-2%,蒸馏水定容)。
进一步地,还包括采用GC-MS进行检测步骤,具体地,其色谱条件:色谱柱为HP-WAX弹性石英纤维毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25 μm);升温程序:40 ℃保持3 min,以4 ℃/min升至150 ℃,保持3 min,9 ℃/min升至240 ℃,保持9 min;载气(He,99.999%)流速1.0mL/min,不分流进样;
质谱条件:电子轰击离子源;电子轰击能量70 eV;传输线温度230 ℃;四极杆温度150 ℃;离子源温度230 ℃;质量扫描范围m/z 35~600。
本发明的菌株可产生十余种吡嗪化合物,还能产生很多其他的分布于醇类、酸类、酯类的健康因子。因此,本发明的菌株具有较大的应用价值。
附图说明
图1:N2菌株的菌落形态。
图2:N2菌株的系统发育分析。
图3:N2菌株产风味物质色谱图。
生物材料保藏信息:本发明的菌株N2,属于单孢哈萨克斯坦酵母(Kazachstania unispora),于2022年3月28日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏单位地址为:中国北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,保藏号为:CGMCC No.24601。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明做进一步的阐述,以期对本发明更好的理解,但并不构成对本发明的限制。
其中,实施例中所使用的培养基基本成分如下:
改良YPD培养基:大豆蛋白胨0.4%,胰蛋白胨0.4%,酵母浸提粉0.4%,蔗糖1.2%,琼脂1.5-2%,蒸馏水定容。
MRS培养基:蛋白胨 10.0g; 牛肉粉5.0g;葡萄糖20.0g; 酵母粉4.0g;乙酸钠5.0g;磷酸氢二钾2.0g;硫酸镁 0.2g; 柠檬酸三铵2.0g;硫酸锰0.05g;吐温80 1 ml;琼脂1.5-2%,蒸馏水定容。
实施例1:N2菌株的分离
将奶酪制备成悬液,10倍梯度稀释涂布在改良YPD培养基(大豆蛋白胨0.4%,胰蛋白胨0.4%,酵母浸提粉0.4%,蔗糖1.2%,琼脂1.5-2%,蒸馏水定容)上,30℃培养7天。从分离物中获得菌株N2,平板划线纯化后进行保存和后续研究。
上述分离纯化获得的N2菌株通过以下方式保存:(1)平板/试管斜面保存。将纯化的N2菌株接种至MRS培养平皿或试管斜面(蛋白胨 10.0g; 牛肉粉5.0g;葡萄糖20.0g; 酵母粉4.0g;乙酸钠5.0g;磷酸氢二钾2.0g;硫酸镁 0.2g; 柠檬酸三铵2.0g;硫酸锰0.05g;吐温80 1 ml;琼脂1.5-2%,蒸馏水定容),培养1-2天后置于4℃冰箱保存(2)甘油冷冻保存。将N2菌悬液与50%甘油1:1混合后,置于液氮中速冻,随后放置在-80℃冰箱中冷冻保存。
实施例2:N2菌株的鉴定
N2菌株主要通过形态学和分子生物学进行种属鉴定。
1、形态学特征
将N2菌株接种到MRS培养基中,培养2天后观察菌落形态特征(图1)。观察发现,N2菌株表面光滑,湿润,乳白色,大而厚,中间微凸起,不透明,易挑起。
2、分子生物学鉴定
(1)N2基因组DNA提取
将N2菌株接种到MRS培养基中,培养2天后挑取菌体。使用真菌基因组提取试剂盒对N2菌株的基因组DNA进行提取。
(2)PCR扩增
采用酵母菌扩增通用引物NL1(5’- GCATATCAATAAGCGGAGGAAAAG-3’)和NL4(5’-GGTCCGTGTTTCAAGACGG-3’)对酵母26S rDNA基因D1/D2区序列进行扩增。PCR扩增体系为:NL1、NL4引物各1µl,12.5µl premix Taq mix,7.5µl双蒸水,基因组DNA模板3µl。PCR扩增程序:94℃预变性3min,30个循环包括94℃变性30s,55℃退火30s,72℃延伸2min。最后72度延伸10min。PCR产物使用2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测。最后将PCR产物送至上海生工生物工程有限公司进行测序。
(3)系统发育分析
用测序获得的序列进行NCBI Blast检索,发现N2与哈萨克斯坦酵母(Kazachstania unispora) 相似性为100%。为了明确N2的分类地位,利用Mega5.0软件对N2及其亲缘性近的菌株进行多序列比对和系统发育分析。通过系统发育树(图2)表明N2与哈萨克斯坦酵母亲缘关系最近。
结合形态学和分子生物学特征,将N2鉴定为哈萨克斯坦酵母。该菌株已于2022年3月提交至中国科学院微生物保藏中心进行保藏,保藏号为:CGMCC No. 24601。
(4)N2生物学特性研究
将N2接种至MRS培养基中,分别放置在4,10,15,20,25,30,37,42和45℃下培养1天,通过分光光度计检测OD600吸光值,分析N2的生长范围。
将N2接种至MRS培养基中,调节pH值2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,在30℃下培养1天,通过分光光度计检测OD600吸光值,分析N2的pH生长范围。
结果表明,N2在25-37℃下OD600全部大于1,而在其他温度下没有吸光度,表明N2可以在25-37℃下生长。N2在pH 3-7条件下OD600分别为1.0,1.4,1.3,1.1,而在其pH条件下没有吸光度,表明N2 pH耐受范围为3-7。
实施例3:N2菌株产风味物质分析
将N2接种至MRS液体培养基上30℃震荡培养12-16小时。取5.0 mL培养液于20 mL顶空瓶内,添加2.0 g NaCl,加入1000 mg/L内标2-辛醇5.0 μL,内标最终浓度为1.0 mg/L,旋紧样品瓶。萃取头在250 ℃下老化30 min后插入样品瓶,40 ℃平衡30 min,萃取40 min,将萃取头在GC进样口250 ℃下解吸3 min。
色谱条件:色谱柱为HP-WAX弹性石英纤维毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25 μm);升温程序:40 ℃保持3 min,以4 ℃/min升至150 ℃,保持3 min,9 ℃/min升至240 ℃,保持9min;载气(He,99.999%)流速1.0 mL/min,不分流进样。
质谱条件:电子轰击离子源;电子轰击能量70 eV;传输线温度230 ℃;四极杆温度150 ℃;离子源温度230 ℃;质量扫描范围m/z 35~600。
经过GC-MS风味分析,N2菌株可以产生大量风味物质(图3),其中包含很多吡嗪类化合物(表1)和很多健康因子(表2)。
表1 单孢哈萨克斯坦酵母吡嗪类物质统计表
保留时间 | 化合物名称 | 英文名称 |
17.35 | 2-甲基吡嗪 | 2-Methylpyrazine |
20.35 | 2,5-二甲基吡嗪 | 2,5-Dimethyl pyrazine |
20.74 | 2,6-二甲基吡嗪 | 2,6-Dimethyl pyrazine |
24.14 | 2-乙基-(5或6)-甲基吡嗪 | Seratrodast |
25.00 | 2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪 | 2,3,5-Trimethyl pyrazine |
26.53 | 2-乙烯基吡嗪 | 2-Vinylpyrazine |
26.64 | 3-乙基-2,5-甲基吡嗪 | 3-Ethyl-2,5-diMethylpyrazine |
28.45 | 3,5-二乙基-2-甲基-吡嗪 | 3,5-diethyl-2-methylpyrazine |
28.54 | 2-甲基-6-乙烯基吡嗪 | 2-Methyl-6-vinyl-pyrazine |
28.87 | 2-甲基-5-乙烯基吡嗪 | 2-Methyl-5-vinylpyrazine |
29.26 | 2-乙基-3,5,6-三甲基吡嗪 | 2-ethyl-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine |
31.48 | 异戊基吡嗪 | 2-isopentylpyrazine |
表2 单孢哈萨克斯坦酵母其他健康因子物质统计表
保留时间 | 化合物名称 | 英文名称 |
4.84 | 乙酸乙酯 | Ethyl acetate |
7.74 | 丁酸乙酯 | Ethyl butyrate |
12.23 | 正丁醇 | 1-Butanol |
14.72 | 异戊醇 | 3-Methyl-1-butanol |
15.03 | 正己酸乙酯 | Ethyl Hexanoate |
21.63 | 乳酸乙酯 | Ethyl lactate |
29.77 | 苯甲醛 | Benzaldehyde |
38.51 | 正己酸 | Caproic Acid |
40.14 | 苯乙醇 | Phenethyl alcohol |
42.73 | 丙位壬内酯 | gamma-Nonalactone |
由此可见,本发明的菌株可产生十余种吡嗪化合物,还能产生很多其他的分布于醇类、酸类、酯类的健康因子。因此,尤其在工业中具有较大的应用价值。
Claims (8)
1.一种可产多种吡嗪的酵母菌,其特征在于,其保藏号为CGMCC No.24601。
2.如权利要求1所述的酵母菌在制备吡嗪化合物中的应用。
3.如权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述吡嗪化合物选自下述之一或多种:2-甲基吡嗪、2,5-二甲基吡嗪、2,6-二甲基吡嗪、2-乙基-(5或6)-甲基吡嗪、3-乙基-2,5-甲基吡嗪、3,5-二乙基-2-甲基-吡嗪、2-甲基-6-乙烯基吡嗪、2-甲基-5-乙烯基吡嗪、2-乙基-3,5,6-三甲基吡嗪、异戊基吡嗪、2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪(三甲基吡嗪)。
4.利用权利要求1所述的酵母菌生产吡嗪化合物的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:培养所述酵母菌的步骤,以及分离吡嗪化合物的步骤。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述吡嗪化合物选自下述之一或多种:2-甲基吡嗪、2,5-二甲基吡嗪、2,6-二甲基吡嗪、2-乙基-(5或6)-甲基吡嗪、3-乙基-2,5-甲基吡嗪、3,5-二乙基-2-甲基-吡嗪、2-甲基-6-乙烯基吡嗪、2-甲基-5-乙烯基吡嗪、2-乙基-3,5,6-三甲基吡嗪、异戊基吡嗪、2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪(三甲基吡嗪)。
6.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,培养所述酵母菌是在MRS培养基于25-35℃震荡培养,优选地培养12-16小时;所述MRS培养基组成为:蛋白胨 10.0g; 牛肉粉5.0g;葡萄糖20.0g; 酵母粉4.0g;乙酸钠5.0g;磷酸氢二钾2.0g;硫酸镁 0.2g; 柠檬酸三铵2.0g;硫酸锰0.05g;吐温80 1 ml;琼脂1.5-2%,蒸馏水定容。
7.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括采用GC-MS进行检测步骤,具体地,其色谱条件:色谱柱为HP-WAX弹性石英纤维毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25 μm);升温程序:40 ℃保持3 min,以4 ℃/min升至150 ℃,保持3 min,9 ℃/min升至240 ℃,保持9 min;载气(He,99.999%)流速1.0 mL/min,不分流进样;
质谱条件:电子轰击离子源;电子轰击能量70 eV;传输线温度230 ℃;四极杆温度150℃;离子源温度230 ℃;质量扫描范围m/z 35~600。
8.如权利要求1所述的酵母菌在制备食品工业中的调味的食品添加剂或香料中间体中的应用。
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