CN115746575A - Material for replacing tapioca starch for gelatinization polymerization and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Material for replacing tapioca starch for gelatinization polymerization and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115746575A CN115746575A CN202111026667.5A CN202111026667A CN115746575A CN 115746575 A CN115746575 A CN 115746575A CN 202111026667 A CN202111026667 A CN 202111026667A CN 115746575 A CN115746575 A CN 115746575A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a material for replacing tapioca starch for gelatinization polymerization and a preparation method thereof, wherein the material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-30 parts of concentrate, 5-80 parts of plant fiber, 0.5-85 parts of structural material and 0.5-3 parts of release agent; wherein the concentrated material is cassava flour; the structural material is one or a combination of two of a refractory material and a foaming material. The material of the invention is natural, the components are cheap and easy to obtain, the common cassava starch is replaced by the cassava powder, the gelatinization polymerization effect of the concentrated material and the plant fiber is equivalent to that of the conventional cassava starch and the plant fiber, and simultaneously, the environmental pollution and the cost can be reduced. And the material can be made into a material with good pressure resistance and strong structural force by being supplemented with a structural material, so that the material has the functions of fire resistance and/or lightening, and can be used as a building material or a packaging material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of packaging materials, in particular to a material for replacing tapioca starch for gelatinization polymerization and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Paper or plastic materials are currently used mainly in the packaging field. However, the existing plastic material wastes a large amount of petroleum resources in the preparation process, and on the other hand, the plastic material has short service life, is difficult to degrade after being discarded, and causes environmental pollution. At present, the emerging environment-friendly components are formed by gelatinizing cassava starch, fibers and special materials by hot water and then performing mould pressing and shaping to obtain a packaging material or a building material with strong structural force and environment friendliness, but the cassava starch needs to be subjected to peeling, cleaning, crushing, screening, filtering, concentrating, dehydrating, drying, screening and the like, so that the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a material for replacing cassava starch for gelatinization polymerization, cassava powder and white sugar powder are mixed to replace the cassava starch, the effect is equivalent, and the cost is effectively reduced; the invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the material for replacing the cassava starch for gelatinization polymerization, which has simple steps and can be used for large-scale mass production.
One of the purposes of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the material for replacing the cassava starch for gelatinization polymerization is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-30 parts of concentrate, 5-80 parts of plant fiber, 0.5-85 parts of structural material and 0.5-3 parts of release agent; wherein the concentrate comprises tapioca flour; the structural material is one or a combination of two of a refractory material and a foaming material.
Further, the refined material also comprises white sugar powder. Wherein the content of the white sugar powder in the refined material is 0-30%, and the addition amount of the cassava powder is 70-100%.
Further, the plant fiber is plant powder, and the plant powder is powder prepared from one or more of leaves, branches and stems or rhizomes.
Still further, the length of the plant fiber is 3-5 mm, and the diameter is 2-5 μm.
Further, the refractory material is mineral powder, and the weight portion of the mineral powder is 40-80.
Still further, the mineral powder is derived from mineral powder or talcum powder prepared from construction waste.
Further, the foaming material is baking soda, and the weight portion of the baking soda is 0.5-5.
Still further, the preparation method of the cassava flour comprises the following steps: slicing cassava, drying and crushing to obtain cassava powder.
The second purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the cassava starch material for replacing gelatinization polymerization comprises the following steps: adding hot water into the refined material, mixing to obtain a gelatinized liquid, uniformly mixing the gelatinized liquid with the plant fiber, the structural material and the release agent, adding the mixture into a mold, polymerizing at high temperature until the mixture is completely shaped, and then stripping to obtain the gelatinized polymeric material. The refined material can be cassava flour or cassava flour and white sugar powder.
Or the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the refined material, the plant fiber, the structural material and hot water uniformly to obtain a pasting liquid, adding a release agent, and then adding into a mold for heating and molding. The refined material can be cassava flour or cassava flour and white sugar powder.
Wherein the heating temperature of the die is 160-280 ℃ and the time is 4-30 minutes. The consumption of the paste solution which is actually put into the mould is 20-60% less than that of the paste solution which can be filled in the mould. Because the paste solution can generate gas to expand when the paste polymerization is continued in the mould, if the amount of the paste solution put into the mould is too full, the gas can be exploded to influence the product quality.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The main raw materials used for replacing the material of the cassava starch for gelatinization polymerization are concentrated material, plant fiber and structural material, and the concentrated material used by the invention replaces the common cassava starch with cassava powder. The substitution principle is as follows: the cassava powder is prepared by slicing cassava, drying, and pulverizing, wherein the dry base comprises 70-80% of starch, about 20% of fiber and the like; cassava powder is adopted to replace cassava starch, so that the extraction cost of the cassava starch can be saved, and about 20% of cassava fiber in the cassava powder can be utilized; therefore, the cassava powder and white sugar powder are adopted to replace cassava starch, so that the cost is effectively reduced. The material of the invention can save cost, the gelatinization polymerization effect of the material taking the cassava flour as the concentrated material is equivalent to that of the material taking the conventional cassava starch as the concentrated material, and the material with good pressure resistance and strong structural force can be prepared.
(2) White sugar powder can be added into the concentrate, the cassava powder with the same amount replaces cassava starch, and because the cassava powder contains about 20% of fibers, the gelatinization and polymerization capacity of the cassava powder is poorer than that of the cassava starch, the addition amount of the cassava powder needs to be adjusted, and the white sugar powder is added to further improve the product structural force.
(3) The invention adopts plant environment-friendly raw materials and degradable materials, and carries out biological gelatinization and polymerization reaction at high temperature to prepare the gelatinization polymer material which can be naturally degraded, the product is environment-friendly, has low cost and good structural force, and if a foaming material (baking soda) is added, the density and the lightness of the product can be further improved, and the use requirement of the packaging industry can be met. The structural material can be made of refractory material and/or foaming material to make the material have the performance of fire resistance and/or lightening, and if the refractory material (mineral powder) is added, the material can be used for preparing building material.
(4) The invention replaces the mineral powder selected by the structural material of the cassava starch for gelatinization polymerization, and the mineral powder is added to play the roles of filling the framework, enhancing the binding force and improving the compression resistance and the density. Wherein, the mineral powder can be selected from powder of construction waste, further reduces cost, improves resource utilization rate, can also improve mechanical property and fire resistance of finished products, and can be used for preparing building materials, such as partition boards.
(5) The preparation method of the material for replacing the cassava starch for gelatinization polymerization has the advantages of easily obtained raw materials, environmental protection and simple steps, and comprises two preparation methods: 1. mixing the refined material, the plant fiber and the structural material with hot water, pasting and polymerizing, adding a release agent, and performing compression molding to obtain a finished product; 2. the refined material is first gelatinized in hot water at high temperature, then mixed with plant fiber and structural material and finally molded with demolding agent to form the product. Under the conditions of high temperature and pressure, the gelatinized liquid flows disorderly to form starch branch chains and fibers to form a cementing net structure, so that the transverse and longitudinal tension can be enhanced, the bonding force in each direction can be enhanced, and the toughness can be enhanced.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be noted that, without conflict, any combination between the embodiments or technical features described below may form a new embodiment.
Example 1
A material for replacing tapioca starch for gelatinization polymerization comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 13 parts of concentrate, 37 parts of plant fiber, 48 parts of structural material and 2 parts of release agent; wherein the concentrated material is cassava flour. The structural material is fiber powder, and the fiber powder is derived from leftover materials of medium fiber plants. The plant fiber is powder obtained by grinding leaves. The preparation method of the cassava flour comprises the following steps: slicing cassava, drying and crushing to obtain cassava powder. Wherein the drying temperature is 80-90 ℃.
A preparation method of a material for replacing tapioca starch for gelatinization polymerization comprises the following steps:
adding hot water of 100 ℃ into a container containing cassava powder, mixing to obtain a gelatinized liquid, uniformly mixing the obtained gelatinized liquid, plant fiber and a release agent, adding the mixture into a die heated at a constant temperature of 265 ℃, continuously preserving the temperature for 6-10 min, polymerizing at high temperature, shaping for 3-20 min, and then stripping to obtain the cassava starch material for replacing gelatinized polymerization. Wherein the mass ratio of the hot water to the cassava flour is 5:10.
example 2
A material for replacing tapioca starch for gelatinization polymerization comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of fine materials, 36 parts of plant fibers, 43 parts of structural materials and 1 part of release agents; wherein the concentrate comprises the following components in a mass ratio of 2:8, white sugar powder and cassava powder, and the structural material is fiberboard powder made of construction waste. The plant fiber is powder obtained by grinding branches and stems and rhizomes. The preparation method of the cassava flour comprises the following steps: slicing cassava, drying and crushing to obtain cassava powder. Wherein the drying temperature is 80-90 ℃.
A preparation method of a material for replacing tapioca starch for gelatinization polymerization comprises the following steps:
mixing the cassava powder and the white sugar powder, adding hot water of 100 ℃, mixing to obtain a pasting solution, uniformly mixing the obtained pasting solution, the plant fiber, the structural material and the release agent, adding the mixture into a mold heated at the constant temperature of 260 ℃, continuously preserving the heat for 6-10 min, polymerizing at high temperature until the mixture is completely shaped, and then stripping to obtain the cassava starch material for replacing pasting polymerization. Wherein the mass ratio of the hot water to the cassava flour is 6:10.
example 3
A material for replacing tapioca starch for gelatinization polymerization comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 54 parts of refined material, 44 parts of plant fiber, 1 part of structural material and 1 part of release agent; wherein the concentrate comprises the following components in a mass ratio of 1:9 white sugar powder and cassava powder, and the structural material is baking soda. The plant fiber is powder obtained by grinding branches and stems and roots. The preparation method of the cassava flour comprises the following steps: slicing cassava, drying and crushing to obtain cassava powder. Wherein the drying temperature is 80-90 ℃.
A preparation method of a material for replacing tapioca starch for gelatinization polymerization comprises the following steps:
mixing the cassava powder and the white sugar powder, adding hot water of 100 ℃, mixing to obtain a pasting solution, uniformly mixing the obtained pasting solution, the plant fiber, the structural material and the release agent, adding the mixture into a mold heated at a constant temperature of 250 ℃, continuously preserving heat for 6-10 min, polymerizing at a high temperature until the mixture is completely shaped, and then stripping to obtain the cassava starch material for replacing pasting polymerization. Wherein the mass ratio of the hot water to the cassava flour is 4:10.
example 4
A material for replacing tapioca starch for gelatinization polymerization comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of fine material, 24 parts of plant fiber, 63 parts of structural material and 3 parts of release agent; wherein the concentrate comprises the following components in a mass ratio of 3:7 white sugar powder and tapioca powder; the structural material comprises 62 parts of fiberboard powder made of construction waste and 1 part of baking soda, and the mineral powder is derived from the construction waste. The plant fiber is powder obtained by grinding leaves, branches and rhizomes. The preparation method of the cassava flour comprises the following steps: slicing cassava, drying and crushing to obtain cassava powder. Wherein the drying temperature is 80-90 ℃.
A preparation method of a material for replacing tapioca starch for gelatinization polymerization comprises the following steps:
mixing the cassava powder, the white sugar powder, the plant fiber and the structural material, adding hot water at 100 ℃, mixing to obtain a pasting liquid, uniformly mixing the obtained pasting liquid and a release agent, adding the mixture into a mold heated at a constant temperature of 200 ℃, polymerizing at a high temperature until the mixture is completely sized, and then stripping to obtain the cassava starch material for replacing pasting polymerization. Wherein the mass ratio of the hot water to the cassava flour is 5:10.
comparative example 1
A material for replacing tapioca starch for gelatinization polymerization comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of cassava starch, 40 parts of plant fiber, 48 parts of a structural material and 2 parts of a release agent; wherein the concentrate is cassava starch. The fiber powder is from leftover materials of medium fiber factories. The plant fiber is powder obtained by grinding leaves, branches and roots. The preparation method of the cassava flour comprises the following steps: slicing cassava, drying and crushing to obtain cassava powder. Wherein the drying temperature is 80-90 ℃.
A preparation method of a material for replacing tapioca starch for gelatinization polymerization comprises the following steps:
mixing the cassava powder with hot water of 100 ℃ to obtain a pasting liquid, uniformly mixing the obtained pasting liquid with plant fibers, a structural material and a release agent, adding the mixture into a mold which is heated at a constant temperature of 230 ℃, polymerizing at a high temperature, shaping for 3-20 minutes, and then stripping to obtain the cassava starch material for replacing pasting polymerization. Wherein the mass ratio of the hot water to the cassava flour is 5:10.
the cassava starch is starch obtained by processing through a whole assembly line, and the processing technology comprises the steps of peeling, cleaning, crushing, screening, filtering, concentrating, dehydrating, drying, screening and the like.
Performance test
1. Bending property test
The flexural strength of the panels of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 2 was tested according to GB/T2570-1995, with the data shown in Table 1.
2. Bulk density test
The bulk densities of the samples of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were measured and the specific data are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 flexural Properties and bulk Density data for samples of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-2
| Bulk density (kg/m) 3 ) | Load F max (kN/m 2 ) | |
| Example 1 | 350 | 2.4 |
| Example 2 | 350 | 3.3 |
| Example 3 | 332 | 3.3 |
| Example 4 | 578 | 3.6 |
| Comparative example 1 | 350 | 3.0 |
As can be seen from Table 1, referring to comparative example 1, example 1 was conducted by replacing tapioca with tapioca powder (construction materials added only to construction waste), example 2 was conducted by replacing tapioca powder and white sugar powder with tapioca starch (construction materials added only to construction waste), example 3 was conducted by replacing tapioca starch with tapioca powder and white sugar powder and adding soda ash, and example 4 was conducted by replacing tapioca starch with tapioca powder and white sugar powder and adding fiberboard powder and soda ash. It can be seen that the samples in example 1 and comparative example 1 are comparative test groups, and the performances of the samples are similar, which shows that the gelatinized polymeric material prepared by replacing tapioca starch with tapioca powder has the same specific and excellent mechanical properties, and can be used for preparing packaging materials, thus saving the cost. The cassava powder does not need to be subjected to treatment such as peeling, cleaning, crushing, screening, filtering, concentrating, dehydrating, drying, screening and the like, so that the cost is lower than that of cassava starch.
White sugar powder is added to the refined materials of the embodiments 2-4 besides the cassava powder, so that the structural force of the material is further improved, and the structural material of the embodiment 3 only contains baking soda, so that the bulk density of the material can be effectively reduced, and the mechanical property is good, and the refined materials can be used for preparing packaging materials. The structural material of example 4 is fiberboard powder and baking soda extracted from construction waste, the bulk density and the load are the highest, and examples 1-2 and example 4 are all suitable for preparing the construction material.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention should not be limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are intended to be covered by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The material for replacing the cassava starch for gelatinization polymerization is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-30 parts of fine material, 5-80 parts of plant fiber, 0.5-85 parts of structural material and 0.5-3 parts of release agent; wherein the concentrate comprises tapioca flour; the structural material is one or a combination of two of a refractory material and a foaming material.
2. Material replacing tapioca starch for gelatinisation according to claim 1 characterised in that said concentrate further comprises white sugar powder.
3. The material replacing tapioca starch for gelatinized polymerization according to claim 1, wherein said plant fiber is plant powder, and the plant powder is powder made of a composition of one or more of leaves, branches and roots.
4. Material replacing tapioca starch for gelatinised polymerization as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said plant fiber has a length of 1 to 5mm and a diameter of 2 to 5 μm.
5. The material replacing tapioca starch for gelatinization polymerization as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fire-resistant material is mineral powder, and the weight part of mineral powder is 40-80.
6. Material replacing tapioca starch for gelatinisation according to claim 5 characterised in that said mineral powder is derived from construction waste or talc.
7. The material replacing tapioca starch for gelatinized polymerization as claimed in claim 1, wherein said foaming material is baking soda, and the weight portion of baking soda is 0.5-5.
8. The material replacing tapioca starch for gelatinized polymerization according to claim 1, wherein said tapioca powder is prepared by the method comprising: slicing cassava, drying and crushing to obtain cassava powder.
9. The method for preparing a cassava starch for gelatinization polymerization in place of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of: adding hot water into the refined material, mixing to obtain a gelatinized liquid, uniformly mixing the gelatinized liquid with the plant fiber, the structural material and the release agent, adding the mixture into a mold, polymerizing at high temperature until the mixture is completely shaped, and then stripping to obtain the gelatinized polymeric material.
10. The method for preparing a cassava starch for gelatinization polymerization in place of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of: mixing the refined material, the plant fiber, the structural material and hot water uniformly to obtain a pasting liquid, adding a release agent, and then adding into a mold for heating and molding.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1270913A (en) * | 2000-04-30 | 2000-10-25 | 苏笑海 | Double-foamed plant fiber packing material |
| CN107686567A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2018-02-13 | 河南工业大学 | A kind of preparation method of starch foam plastics |
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- 2021-09-02 CN CN202111026667.5A patent/CN115746575A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1270913A (en) * | 2000-04-30 | 2000-10-25 | 苏笑海 | Double-foamed plant fiber packing material |
| CN107686567A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2018-02-13 | 河南工业大学 | A kind of preparation method of starch foam plastics |
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