CN115736253A - 一种亚麻油-魔芋葡甘聚糖脂肪模拟物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种亚麻油-魔芋葡甘聚糖脂肪模拟物及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种亚麻油‑魔芋葡甘聚糖脂肪模拟物,其由魔芋精粉、亚麻油按2:1‑4的重量比在热碱性条件下制得,该脂肪模拟物引入了对人体具有多种有益生理功能的亚麻油,并研究了其在蟠龙菜中应用的可行性,为膳食结构均衡的食品开发提供新思路,同时,在该脂肪模拟物中,魔芋葡甘聚糖能够很好的包裹亚麻油,从而有效减缓了亚麻油的氧化作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工技术领域,具体涉及一种亚麻油-魔芋葡甘聚糖脂肪模拟物及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
肉制品本身具有不可替代的感官特性,但人体长期摄取大量胆固醇和饱和脂肪酸的会导致肥胖、“三高”进而诱发心血管系统病变和某些癌症。越来越多的居民追求更加合理的膳食结构,绿色、营养的食品。低脂肉制品获得持续的关注与研究,脂肪模拟物应运而生。
脂肪模拟物,是指在食品生产中作为顶替部分或全部脂肪配料的一种添加物,目的是有效减少产品中的脂肪摄入和能量,因此也被称为脂肪替代物。魔芋葡甘聚糖是对人体代谢有积极意义的一种天然多糖,它具有良好的水溶性、持水性、成膜性等特点,已被应用于脂肪模拟物中,但目前的魔芋葡甘聚糖脂肪模拟物多是围绕低脂、风味的研究,对于膳食结构均衡考虑的较少。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术存在的上述问题,提供一种能够均衡膳食结构的亚麻油-魔芋葡甘聚糖脂肪模拟物及其制备方法与应用。
为实现以上目的,本发明的技术方案如下:
一种亚麻油-魔芋葡甘聚糖脂肪模拟物,其原料组成包括魔芋精粉、亚麻油,且魔芋精粉、亚麻油的重量比为2:1-4。
所述脂肪模拟物的原料组成还包括碱性水溶液,所述碱性水溶液与魔芋精粉的重量比为100:3-5。
所述碱性水溶液由碳酸钠和蒸馏水按0.3-0.5:100的重量比混合得到。
一种亚麻油-魔芋葡甘聚糖脂肪模拟物的制备方法,具体包括:先将魔芋精粉与碱性水溶液混合均匀,然后加入亚麻油,90-100℃下煮制30-40分钟后冷却即可。
一种亚麻油-魔芋葡甘聚糖脂肪模拟物的应用,该脂肪模拟物在制作蟠龙菜中代替猪脂使用,且脂肪模拟物的添加量为肉糜总量的20%-25%。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明提供了一种亚麻油-魔芋葡甘聚糖脂肪模拟物,其由魔芋精粉、亚麻油在热碱性条件下制得,一方面,该脂肪模拟物引入了对人体具有多种有益生理功能的亚麻油,并研究了该健康植物油脂肪模拟物在蟠龙菜中应用的可行性,为膳食结构均衡的食品开发提供新思路;另一方面,该脂肪模拟物在蟠龙菜中具有比猪脂更优的缓解油脂氧化的性能,同时,在该脂肪模拟物中,魔芋葡甘聚糖能够很好的包裹亚麻油,从而有效减缓了亚麻油的氧化作用。
附图说明
图1为各样品的质构检测结果。
图2为实施例2与对比例1的激光共聚焦对比图(放大40倍)。
图3为各样品的水分活度。
图4为各样品的脂肪含量。
图5为不同冷藏条件下各样品的丙二醛含量。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图以及具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
一种亚麻油-魔芋葡甘聚糖脂肪模拟物,其原料组成包括魔芋精粉、亚麻油,且魔芋精粉、亚麻油的重量比为2:1-4。
所述脂肪模拟物的原料组成还包括碱性水溶液,所述碱性水溶液与魔芋精粉的重量比为100:3-5。
所述碱性水溶液由碳酸钠和蒸馏水按0.3-0.5:100的重量比混合得到。
一种亚麻油-魔芋葡甘聚糖脂肪模拟物的制备方法,具体包括:先将魔芋精粉与碱性水溶液混合均匀,然后加入亚麻油,90-100℃下煮制30-40分钟后冷却即可。
一种亚麻油-魔芋葡甘聚糖脂肪模拟物的应用,该脂肪模拟物在制作蟠龙菜中代替猪脂使用,且脂肪模拟物的添加量为肉糜总量的20%-25%。
实施例1:
一种亚麻油-魔芋葡甘聚糖脂肪模拟物,其原料组成及重量份比包括:魔芋精粉4、亚麻油2、碱性水溶液100,所述碱性水溶液由碳酸钠和蒸馏水按0.4:100的重量比混合得到。
上述亚麻油-魔芋葡甘聚糖脂肪模拟物的制备方法为:先边搅拌边向碱性水溶液中加入魔芋精粉,然后加入亚麻油,在100℃下煮制30分钟后捞出冷却,最后将冷却后的样品切0.5mm厚度的细条,放入蒸馏水中浸泡备用。
将上述亚麻油-魔芋葡甘聚糖脂肪模拟物代替猪脂制作蟠龙菜,具体步骤包括:猪里脊350g切块,加葱、姜末各10g用绞肉机绞至细腻,加蛋清60g搅拌混合均匀后加盐5g,鸡精、味精各2g搅拌至肉糜上劲,接着将淀粉水100g(红薯淀粉:蒸馏水=1:1)与本实施例制备得到的亚麻油-魔芋葡甘聚糖脂肪模拟物150g混合后加入到肉糜中,搅拌均匀后静置1h,静置期间制作蛋皮,静置完成后的肉糜制成长条状,蛋皮表面沾上淀粉水后包裹成型的肉糜,100℃蒸制30分钟取出冷却即可。
实施例2:
与实施例1的不同之处在于:
亚麻油-魔芋葡甘聚糖脂肪模拟物,其原料组成及重量份比包括:魔芋精粉4、亚麻油4、碱性水溶液100。
实施例3:
与实施例1的不同之处在于:
亚麻油-魔芋葡甘聚糖脂肪模拟物,其原料组成及重量份比包括:魔芋精粉4、亚麻油8、碱性水溶液100。
对比例1:
与实施例1的不同之处在于:
不添加亚麻油。
对比例2:
采用传统的猪脂制作蟠龙菜,具体步骤包括:猪里脊350g切块,加葱、姜末各10g用绞肉机绞至细腻,加蛋清60g搅拌混合均匀后加盐5g,鸡精、味精各2g搅拌至肉糜上劲,接着将淀粉水100g(红薯淀粉:蒸馏水=1:1)与猪脂150g混合后加入到肉糜中,搅拌均匀后静置1h,静置期间制作蛋皮,静置完成后的肉糜制成长条状,蛋皮表面沾上淀粉水后包裹成型的肉糜,100℃蒸制30分钟取出冷却即可。
对比例3:
与实施例3的不同之处在于:
本实施例所述亚麻油-魔芋葡甘聚糖脂肪模拟物的制备方法为:先边搅拌边向碱性水溶液中加入魔芋精粉,在100℃下煮制30分钟后捞出,然后加入亚麻油混匀。
为考察本发明产品的性能,进行如下测试:
(1)质构性质测定
将实施例1-3得到的亚麻油-魔芋葡甘聚糖脂肪模拟物、对比例1得到的脂肪模拟物、猪脂分别煮制20分钟,冷却后切0.5mm厚度的长条作为样品,采用质构仪对各样品进行检测(模式选择剪切,测定的探头为HDP/BSK,设置测前速度2.0mm/s,测中速度2.0mm/s,测后速度10.0mm/s,距离12mm,记录数据并平行测定6次),结果如图1所示。
由图1可知,亚麻油-魔芋葡聚甘糖脂肪模拟物的硬度显著大于猪脂的硬度,这是因为在制备脂肪模拟物环节,由于碳酸钠的加入和高温环境,造成魔芋葡甘聚糖脱乙酰化,从而增强了凝胶的网络结构,提高了产品的硬度。同时,实施例1-3与对比例1的硬度没有显著差异,说明亚麻油的添加并不会影响脂肪模拟物的质构特性。
(2)产品微观状态测定
采用尼罗红(质量分数为0.1%无水乙醇溶液)对实施例2制备的脂肪模拟物中的亚麻油进行标记染色,取适量染色后的脂肪模拟物与对比例1制得的脂肪模拟物分别用激光共聚焦显微镜进行微观状态观察(激发波长为530nm),结果如图2所示。
由图2可知,亚麻油被包覆在魔芋葡聚甘糖基质中。
(3)水分活度测定
参照GB 5009.238-2016食品水分活度的测定方法测定实施例1-3制得的蟠龙菜、对比例1-2制得的蟠龙菜的水分活度。将锡箔纸折成高度不高于康卫式皿内室的称量皿,将其烘干并称量皿重(数值保留4位小数)。根据预实验结果选3种饱和盐溶液,3种盐溶液各取10mL,迅速移到康卫氏皿的外腔,并用磨砂玻璃片覆盖。取五种样品各20g,用破碎机分别破碎备用。用锡纸称量皿称取实验的样品1-2g,并将其放入有盐溶液的康卫氏皿的内腔,记录好锡纸称量皿+样品的重量,称量结果精确保留四位小数。将样品放入康卫氏皿中,迅速用涂有凡士林的磨砂玻璃片封严,在温度恒定为25℃恒温器中静置24h。静置完成后,取出称量皿并及时称重记录。测定结果参见图3。
水分活度是反映食品的贮藏特性的首要指标,水分活度升高时会造成产品油脂氧化程度加快。由图3可知,实施例1-3、对比例1的水分活度要明显高于对比例2,这是因为在采用猪脂制作蟠龙菜的过程中,脂肪与肌原纤维蛋白之间由于动物肌内磷脂的两极性结合,使蟠龙菜形成了愈加严密的网络结构,从而结合游离水分的能力增加。而采用脂肪模拟物制作的蟠龙菜,由于魔芋葡甘聚糖在热碱作用下已经生成了稳定的热不可逆凝胶,且亚麻油被包裹在魔芋葡甘聚糖中,与肌原纤维蛋白、肌内磷脂之间不能产生紧密的结合作用,所以结合游离水分的能力会相对较差。而实施例1-3、对比例1之间没有显著差异则说明不同添加量的亚麻油分散到魔芋葡甘聚糖中后并不会对魔芋葡甘聚糖的持水性造成影响。
(4)蟠龙菜蒸煮损失
将实施例1-3制得的蟠龙菜、对比例1-2制得的蟠龙菜这五个样品冷藏一段时间后,蒸制前重量称重(精确到0.0001g),100℃蒸制30min,冷却后称重样品(精确到0.0001g),记录数据,平行3次,根据以下公式计算样品蒸煮损失率:
上式中,X为蒸煮损失率,q、h分别为蒸煮前、后样品的重量。结果参见表1:
表1冷藏存储不同时间后蟠龙菜的蒸煮损失
时间(天) | 对比例2 | 对比例1 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 |
2 | 0.0301<sup>a</sup> | 0.0264<sup>a</sup> | 0.0219<sup>a</sup> | 0.0303<sup>a</sup> | 0.0270<sup>a</sup> |
4 | 0.0365<sup>a</sup> | 0.0248<sup>a</sup> | 0.0324<sup>a</sup> | 0.0410<sup>a</sup> | 0.0348<sup>a</sup> |
6 | 0.0360<sup>a</sup> | 0.0355<sup>a</sup> | 0.0329<sup>a</sup> | 0.0333<sup>a</sup> | 0.0343<sup>a</sup> |
8 | 0.0453<sup>a</sup> | 0.0416<sup>a</sup> | 0.0414<sup>a</sup> | 0.0340<sup>a</sup> | 0.0323<sup>a</sup> |
注:不同字母代表样品间的显著差异性(P<0.05)
通过表1可以看出,实施例1-3与对比例1-2之间的蒸煮损失之间没有显著差异,在冷藏存储不同时间后样品间的蒸煮损失也没有显著差异。这是因为魔芋葡甘聚糖与水分子之间会产生作用力,如氢键、分子偶极和瞬时偶极,能把水分子结合在一起,形成难以移动的巨型分子,由于魔芋葡甘聚这种特殊的性状可以将水分子固定。而冷藏存储不同时间的样品之间蒸煮损失没有显著差异则说明魔芋葡甘聚糖结合水后形成的巨型分子具有很好的稳定性,并不会随着贮藏时间的变长,造成水分脱离析出的现象。
(5)脂肪含量测定
参照GB 5009.6-2016食品中脂肪的测定方法测定实施例1-3制得的蟠龙菜、对比例1-2制得的蟠龙菜的脂肪含量,称取五种样品各20g,用破碎机分别破碎混匀备用。每个混合后的试样取5g(数值保留3位小数),放入容量为250mL的锥形瓶内,加入50mL浓度为2mol/L盐酸溶液和玻璃细珠,在每个锥形瓶上盖表面皿,保持微沸状态持续加热1h,每隔10转动摇匀样品1次。待样品溶解完全时取出锥形瓶,加入150mL热水,拌匀滤出。样品残渣用热水冲洗至中性,然后把残渣和滤纸放在大表面皿上,在100±5℃干燥箱内干燥1h并冷却。干燥完成后的酸水解样品残渣连同滤纸一起放置在滤纸筒内,移取石油醚50mL至铝杯内。温控仪设定:浸泡55℃,60min;抽提60℃,60min;溶剂回收75℃,15min;烘干阶段设为110℃,45min。铝杯从加热器中取出,放入干燥器冷却称量,重复多次使油达到恒定重量后记录数值,根据公式计算样品油脂含量。结果如图4所示。
由图4可知,实施例1-3、对比例1的脂肪含量显著低于对比例2。实施例1和对比例1无显著差异可能是亚麻油添加量少,且在切条浸泡环节会有截面油脂浮出造成一定的损耗。实施例1-3之间有显著差异,且是随着亚麻油添加量增大呈现出明显的上升趋势,说明魔芋葡甘聚糖可以很好的包裹亚麻油,使其在加工过程中不易损失、渗出。
(4)油脂氧化性质测定
参照GB 5009.181-2016食品中丙二醛的测定方法,配制系列浓度为0.01μg/mL、0.05μg/mL、0.10μg/mL、0.15μg/mL、0.25μg/mL的标准溶液,并记录下吸光度值绘制标准曲线。将实施例1-3制得的蟠龙菜、对比例1-3制得的蟠龙菜这五个样品经过不同的冷藏时间后破碎,将破碎后的样品5g(精确到0.01g)称量到100mL锥形瓶内,准确移取50mL三氯乙酸及乙二胺四乙酸二钠混合液,充分振摇后加瓶塞,在恒温振荡器上以50℃温度条件摇30min,振摇结束后取出锥形瓶。冷却后过滤,留后滤液待测。在25mL的比色管中移入样品滤液和系列标准溶液各5mL,另持同种比色管移入5mL的混合液作为对照组,所有比色管均加入5mL硫代巴比妥酸水溶液,摇匀后放入90℃中恒温水浴30min。以对照组调节分光光度计零点,平行3次测定样品及系列标准溶液532nm处吸光度值并记录。结果如图5所示。
丙二醛含量能直接反映脂质的氧化情况。环境因素如水分、温度、氧气、金属离子等;自身因素则主要是脂肪酸的不饱和程度,都能加快脂类氧化速率。由图5可知,不同贮藏时间的样品之间丙二醛含量都有显著差异,其中,对比例2样品的丙二醛含量明显高于其他样品,这是因为由猪脂直接添加而制作的蟠龙菜与水分、氧气接触面广,且猪肉中的血红蛋白经高温加热会引起蛋白质结构被破坏,导致血红素铁的释放,进一步加速脂类氧化。而实施例1-3之间有显著差异,则是因为亚麻油含有高达90%以上的不饱和脂肪酸。多不饱和脂肪酸含量占70%以上,油脂的不饱和程度越大,那么它内部结构中含有的双键也越多,也更容易被氧化。图中总体趋势可以概括为样品中的丙二醛含量与贮藏天数成正比。且实施例1-3、对比例1的丙二醛含量的增长始终小于对比例2,实施例3的丙二醛含量的增长始终小于对比例3,这也说明了魔芋葡甘聚糖包埋亚麻油能有效隔绝氧气、金属离子对亚麻油的促进氧化作用。
Claims (5)
1.一种亚麻油-魔芋葡甘聚糖脂肪模拟物,其特征在于:
所述脂肪模拟物的原料组成包括魔芋精粉、亚麻油,且魔芋精粉、亚麻油的重量比为2:1-4。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种亚麻油-魔芋葡甘聚糖脂肪模拟物,其特征在于:所述脂肪模拟物的原料组成还包括碱性水溶液,所述碱性水溶液与魔芋精粉的重量比为100:3-5。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种亚麻油-魔芋葡甘聚糖脂肪模拟物,其特征在于:所述碱性水溶液由碳酸钠和蒸馏水按0.3-0.5:100的重量比混合得到。
4.一种权利要求2所述的亚麻油-魔芋葡甘聚糖脂肪模拟物的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述制备方法具体包括:先将魔芋精粉与碱性水溶液混合均匀,然后加入亚麻油,90-100℃下煮制30-40分钟后冷却即可。
5.一种权利要求1所述的亚麻油-魔芋葡甘聚糖脂肪模拟物的应用,其特征在于:所述脂肪模拟物在制作蟠龙菜中代替猪脂使用,且脂肪模拟物的添加量为肉糜总量的20%-25%。
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