CN115723485A - Tread pattern structure of tire of urban leisure mountain vehicle - Google Patents

Tread pattern structure of tire of urban leisure mountain vehicle Download PDF

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CN115723485A
CN115723485A CN202211380080.9A CN202211380080A CN115723485A CN 115723485 A CN115723485 A CN 115723485A CN 202211380080 A CN202211380080 A CN 202211380080A CN 115723485 A CN115723485 A CN 115723485A
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pattern
pattern block
tread
block
layer
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CN115723485B (en
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姚红霞
杨银明
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Kenda Rubber China Co Ltd
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Kenda Rubber China Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/86Optimisation of rolling resistance, e.g. weight reduction 

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Abstract

The invention discloses a tread pattern structure of a tire of an urban leisure mountain vehicle, wherein inverted V-shaped pattern blocks are distributed in parallel along the rolling direction of the tire, and the included angle between a single side of the inverted V-shaped pattern block and the central line of the tread is 45-70 degrees; the first pattern block, the second pattern block, the third pattern block and the fourth pattern block are provided with step reinforcements in the front and at the back in the traveling direction, and the fifth pattern block and the sixth pattern block are provided with step reinforcements in the direction facing the tire shoulder; first raised grains are arranged among the first pattern blocks, the second pattern blocks, the third pattern blocks and the fourth pattern blocks in an extending mode along the traveling direction, second raised grains are arranged among the third pattern blocks, the fourth pattern blocks, the fifth pattern blocks and the sixth pattern blocks in the traveling direction, and the first raised grains and the second raised grains are alternately arranged; through the mode, the invention can not only meet the comfort of cement/asphalt road surfaces, but also has the controllability and the self-cleaning performance on muddy, soft and rugged road surfaces.

Description

Tread pattern structure of tire of urban leisure mountain vehicle
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tires, in particular to a tread pattern structure of a tire of an urban leisure mountain vehicle.
Background
The bicycle is ubiquitous in China as a commuting tool, besides the commuting requirement, the bicycle is a preferred tool for people to exercise bodies, the cardio-pulmonary function of people is facilitated, people can enjoy fine scenery, and therefore demand of urban leisure mountain bikes is gradually increased in temperature.
The urban leisure mountain-and-ground vehicle not only needs to show itself on asphalt and cement roads with better road conditions, but also needs to meet the requirements of people on muddy, soft and rugged roads penetrating through hilly jungles; generally, tires on cement/asphalt pavement have small particles, light weight, comfort and low rolling resistance are pursued, however, the dangerous situation of skidding and rollover can be generated on muddy, soft and rugged pavement due to insufficient gripping force of the tires; the special mountain tires are thick in pattern blocks and deep in depth, and are very laborious to ride on cement/asphalt pavements for a long time.
Conventional mountain bike tire can not compromise the performance of possessing two kinds of above-mentioned road conditions, considers from the aspect of economical and practical, remains to develop a leisure mountain bike tire that can be suitable for multiple road conditions, satisfies people's different environment experience of riding.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing a tread pattern structure of a tire of an urban leisure mountain vehicle, which not only can meet the comfort of a cement/asphalt road surface, but also has controllability and self-cleaning performance on muddy, soft and rugged road surfaces.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts a technical scheme that: the utility model provides a city leisure mountain bike tire tread pattern structure, includes casing ply, steel wire winding, anti-friction layer, tread layer and the bead layer that sets up from inside to outside, be provided with a plurality of decorative pattern pieces, its characterized in that with tread center line symmetry on the tread layer: the pattern blocks comprise a first pattern block, a second pattern block, a third pattern block, a fourth pattern block, a fifth pattern block and a sixth pattern block which are sequentially arranged from the center line of the tread to the direction of the tire shoulder;
the first pattern block, the third pattern block, the fifth pattern block and the symmetrical pattern blocks are distributed in an inverted V shape, the second pattern block, the fourth pattern block and the sixth pattern block are distributed in an inverted V shape, the inverted V shapes are distributed in parallel along the rolling direction of the tire, and the included angle between the single side of each inverted V shape and the central line of the tread ranges from 45 degrees to 70 degrees;
the first pattern block, the second pattern block, the third pattern block and the fourth pattern block are provided with step reinforcements in the front and at the back in the traveling direction, and the fifth pattern block and the sixth pattern block are provided with step reinforcements in the direction facing the tire shoulder;
first raised grains are arranged among the first pattern blocks, the second pattern blocks, the third pattern blocks and the fourth pattern blocks in an extending mode along the running direction, second raised grains are arranged among the third pattern blocks, the fourth pattern blocks, the fifth pattern blocks and the sixth pattern blocks in the running direction, and the first raised grains and the second raised grains are arranged alternately.
Preferably, the horizontal spacing between the inverted-V-shaped distributed pattern blocks is W1, the longitudinal spacing between the inverted-V-shaped distributed pattern blocks along the rolling direction is H1, and the W1 or H1 is set to be 8% -10% of the total width of the tread layer pattern.
Preferably, each of the blocks has a lateral width W2, and each of the blocks has a longitudinal width H2 in a rolling direction, W2 being set to 10% to 15% of the total width of the tread layer pattern, and H2 being set to 13% to 16% of the total width of the tread layer pattern.
Preferably, the notch cuttype reinforcement includes upwards first step reinforcement and the second step reinforcement that sets gradually by the decorative pattern bottom, the height of first step reinforcement and second step reinforcement is the same, sets up to 1/4 of whole decorative pattern piece degree of depth respectively.
Preferably, the pattern drawing angle between the stepped reinforcement and the vertical pattern surface is set between 15 degrees and 20 degrees.
Preferably, the total depth of the pattern blocks with ladder-shaped reinforcement is greater than the total depth of the pattern blocks with ladder-shaped reinforcement, the ladder-shaped reinforcement comprises a first ladder-shaped reinforcement and a second ladder-shaped reinforcement which are sequentially arranged from the bottom of the pattern upwards, the heights of the first ladder-shaped reinforcement and the second ladder-shaped reinforcement are the same, and the first ladder-shaped reinforcement and the second ladder-shaped reinforcement are respectively set to be 1/4 of the depth of the whole pattern blocks.
Preferably, the drawing angle between the trapezoid reinforcement and the vertical pattern surface is set to be 35-45 degrees.
Preferably, the third block and the fourth block are each provided with a weight-reduction groove having a depth h3 in the tire running direction, and h3 is set to a half of the block depth.
Preferably, the first raised grains and the second raised grains extend in parallel along the bottom edge of the corresponding tread base, the cross sections of the first raised grains and the second raised grains are any one of semicircular, triangular and rectangular, and the height H4 and the width W4 of the cross section of the bottom surface of the grains raised from the tread base surface are both set between 0.3mm and 0.5 mm.
Preferably, the tread layer consists of a tire crown and a tire shoulder, the steel wire ring and the anti-friction layer sequentially encircle to form a circle, the cord fabric layer is folded back along the steel wire ring and does not encircle to form a circle, the anti-friction layer and the circumferential surface are arranged on the periphery of the cord fabric layer, the tread layer is arranged on the periphery of the cord fabric layer, the cord fabric layer is a high-density nylon cross cord yarn layer, the interweaving density of the cord fabric layer is 30-120 steel wires per square inch, the steel wire ring is formed by winding steel wires with the diameter of 0.95mm or light-weight fiber rings, and the anti-friction layer is high-density nylon interwoven yarns, and the interweaving density of the anti-friction layer is 20-60 nylon interwoven yarns per square inch.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the tire tread structure of the urban leisure mountain vehicle, the pattern blocks are distributed in an inverted V shape in parallel along the rolling direction of the tire, each pattern block is provided with the step type reinforcement, the bottom of the tire tread is provided with the thin and shallow convex grains, the transverse distance between every two adjacent pattern blocks is equal, the longitudinal distance between every two adjacent pattern blocks is equal, the patterns are uniformly distributed in the size of medium particles, the tire tread structure cannot adapt to cement and asphalt roads in cities, can adapt to muddy, soft and rugged roads in mountainous regions, can have the characteristics of low rolling resistance and comfort, can obtain excellent ground gripping force, self-cleaning performance and water and mud drainage performance, and has a very good market popularization value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a tire embodying the structural layers of the tire of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the tread pattern distribution of the tire of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the tread pattern distribution of the tire of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional schematic representation of the tread pattern distribution of the tire of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the pattern block of the present invention for embodying a stepped reinforcing design;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of another cross section of the block of the present invention for embodying a stepped reinforcing design;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a block of the present invention embodying a trapezoidal reinforcing design;
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a raised pattern according to the present invention;
the parts in the drawings are numbered as follows:
1. a ply layer; 2. a bead ring; 3. an anti-friction layer; 4. a tread layer; 5. a bead layer; 6. a first pattern block; 7. a second pattern block; 8. a third pattern block; 9. a fourth pattern block; 10. a fifth pattern block; 11. a sixth pattern block; 12. step-shaped reinforcement; 13. reinforcing in a ladder shape; 14. a first raised pattern; 15. a second raised pattern; 16. and a weight reduction groove.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided to enable those skilled in the art to more readily understand the advantages and features of the present invention, and to clearly and unequivocally define the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a tread pattern structure of a tire of a city leisure mountain vehicle comprises a cord fabric layer 1, a bead ring 2, a scratch-resistant layer 3, a tread layer 4 and a tread layer 5 which are arranged from inside to outside, wherein in the aspect of structural layer distribution: the tread layer 4 consists of a tire crown and a tire shoulder, the steel wire ring 2 and the anti-friction layer 3 sequentially encircle to form a circle, the cord fabric layer 1 is folded back along the steel wire ring 2 and does not overlap to encircle to form a circle, the anti-friction layer 3 and the circumferential surface are arranged on the periphery of the cord fabric layer 1, and the tread layer 4 is arranged on the periphery of the cord fabric layer 1; in the aspect of structural layer design: the cord fabric layer 1 is a high-density nylon cross cord yarn layer, the interweaving density of the cord fabric layer is between 30 and 120 strips per square inch, the steel wire ring 2 is formed by winding steel wires with the diameter of 0.95mm or light fiber rings, and the anti-friction layer 3 is high-density nylon cross cord yarn, and the interweaving density of the anti-friction layer is between 20X20 and 60X60 strips per square inch.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a plurality of pattern blocks are symmetrically arranged on the tread layer 4 along the tread centerline, and from the tread centerline to the shoulder direction, the pattern blocks are sequentially arranged into a first pattern block 6, a second pattern block 7, a third pattern block 8, a fourth pattern block 9, a fifth pattern block 10 and a sixth pattern block 11, namely: the first pattern block 6 is located at the center position of the tread, and the second pattern block 7, the third pattern block 8, the fourth pattern block 9, the fifth pattern block 10 and the sixth pattern block 11 are distributed to the shoulder position deviating from the center position of the tread in sequence. Simultaneously: the first pattern block 6, the third pattern block 8 and the fifth pattern block 10 are distributed in an inverted V shape with the symmetrical first pattern block, the symmetrical third pattern block and the symmetrical fifth pattern block, and the second pattern block 7, the symmetrical fourth pattern block 9 and the symmetrical sixth pattern block 11 are distributed in an inverted V shape with the symmetrical second pattern block, the symmetrical fourth pattern block and the symmetrical sixth pattern block, and the inverted V shapes formed in the above way are distributed in parallel along the rolling direction of the tire.
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the included angle between the single side of the inverted V shape and the central line of the tread is alpha, and alpha is between 45 degrees and 70 degrees. The first pattern block 6, the second pattern block 7, the third pattern block 8 and the fourth pattern block 9 are provided with stepped reinforcements 12 along the front and the back of the driving direction, the stepped reinforcement design can ensure the pattern block base, the pattern block strength is improved, the deformation of the pattern blocks when the pattern blocks grab the ground is reduced, and the service life of the tire is prolonged; meanwhile, the fifth pattern block 10 and the sixth pattern block 11 are provided with ladder-shaped reinforcements 13 towards the tire shoulder direction, and a stabilizing force is provided when the tire is bent excessively.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the horizontal pitch between the inverted V-shaped blocks is W1, and the longitudinal pitch between the inverted V-shaped blocks in the rolling direction is H1, that is: the transverse distance between the first pattern block 6 and the third pattern block 8 is W1, the transverse distance between the third pattern block 8 and the fifth pattern block 10 is W1, the transverse distance between the second pattern block 7 and the symmetrical second pattern block is W1, the transverse distance between the second pattern block 7 and the fourth pattern block 9 is W1, the transverse distance between the fourth pattern block 9 and the sixth pattern block 11 is W1, the transverse distances between the pattern blocks are equivalent, and W1 is set to be 8% -10% of the total pattern width of a tread layer; the longitudinal distance between the first pattern block 6 and the second pattern block 7 is H1, the longitudinal distance between the third pattern block 8 and the fourth pattern block 9 is H1, the longitudinal distance between the fifth pattern block 10 and the sixth pattern block 11 is H1, the longitudinal distances between the pattern blocks are equivalent, and H1 is set to be 8% -10% of the total pattern width of the tread layer; the distribution of the pattern blocks enables the bicycle tire to have the comfort of cement and asphalt road surfaces, and also has the controllability and the self-cleaning performance on muddy, soft and rugged road surfaces.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the lateral width of each pattern block is W2, the longitudinal width of each pattern block along the rolling direction is H2, W2 is 10% -15% of the total width of the tread layer pattern, and H2 is 13% -16% of the total width of the tread layer pattern, so as to form an integral medium pattern block distribution, wherein the lateral width of the first pattern block 6 is 2 times of W2, leading distribution is formed in the whole pattern block, road obstacles are effectively broken away under bad road conditions, when the medium particle pattern tire is ridden on cement and asphalt road surfaces, the plurality of pattern blocks support to form an integral surface, so that lower rolling resistance and excellent comfort performance are effectively maintained, meanwhile, on muddy, soft and rugged road surfaces, the medium pattern block contact surface is larger, the edge strength of particles is high, excellent ground gripping performance can be generated, gravels can be quickly discharged, the weight of the tire is not increased, and excellent self-cleaning performance is obtained.
As shown in fig. 3, 4, 5 and 6, the first pattern block 6, the second pattern block 7, the third pattern block 8 and the fourth pattern block 9 are all provided with stepped reinforcements 12 along the front and the rear of the traveling direction, the stepped reinforcements 12 comprise a first stepped reinforcement and a second stepped reinforcement which are sequentially arranged from the bottom of the pattern to the top, the height of the first stepped reinforcement is h1, the height of the second stepped reinforcement is h2, the heights of the first stepped reinforcement and the second stepped reinforcement are the same and are respectively set to be 1/4 of the depth of the whole pattern block, the pattern drawing angle between the stepped reinforcement 12 and the vertical pattern surface is beta, and the beta is set between 15 degrees and 20 degrees; the front end of the large included angle contact ground can increase the shearing force on hard terrain, so that the pattern blocks can more easily grab the road surface, thereby improving the traction force and the phenomenon of slippage; meanwhile, the step-shaped reinforcement with the angle and the height can play a role of breaking and collapsing when silt is gathered between the two pattern blocks, so that the tire can more easily throw away the silt to achieve self-cleaning performance when the tire is in advance. Furthermore, the third pattern block 8 and the fourth pattern block 9 are both provided with weight reduction grooves with the depth of H3 along the running direction of the tire, and the depth of H3 is half of that of the pattern blocks, so that the effects of weight reduction and weight reduction are achieved on the premise of not influencing the performance of the tire.
As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 7, the fifth block 10 and the sixth block 11 are each provided with a ladder reinforcement 13 toward the shoulder direction, the ladder reinforcements 13 include a first ladder reinforcement and a second ladder reinforcement sequentially arranged from the bottom of the block upward, the heights of the first ladder reinforcement and the second ladder reinforcement are h4 and h5, respectively, and the heights of the first ladder reinforcement and the second ladder reinforcement are the same and are set to 1/4 of the depth of the entire block, respectively. The total depth of the pattern blocks with the ladder-shaped reinforcements 13 is larger than the total depth of the pattern blocks with the ladder-shaped reinforcements 12, the depths of the fifth pattern block 10 and the sixth pattern block 11 are larger than the depths of the first pattern block 6, the second pattern block 7, the third pattern block 8 and the fourth pattern block 9 by 1-2 mm, the pattern drawing angle between each ladder-shaped reinforcement 13 and the vertical pattern surface is theta, and the theta is arranged between 35-45 degrees, so that the pattern blocks with the shoulder parts with increased angles are deepened, and stable ground grabbing force and stability during bending are provided.
As shown in fig. 2, 4 and 8, first raised grains 14 are provided between the first pattern block 6, the second pattern block 7, the third pattern block 8 and the fourth pattern block 9 in the extending direction, second raised grains 15 are provided between the third pattern block 8, the fourth pattern block 9, the fifth pattern block 10 and the sixth pattern block 11 in the driving direction, and the first raised grains 15 and the second raised grains 16 are alternately provided; simultaneously: first protruding line 14 and second protruding line 15 are respectively along the parallel extension of the base edge that corresponds the tread width base, first protruding line 14 and second protruding line 15's cross-section sets up to any one in semi-circle, triangle-shaped, the rectangle, and the line bottom surface all sets up between 0.3mm ~ 0.5mm from tread base level protruding height H4 and cross-sectional width W4, the parallel tread width base edge of this kind of protruding line distributes, with the principal force direction of decorative pattern piece, the tire direction of travel is unanimous, make the tire in the rotatory in-process of driving, muddy water that is mingled with between the decorative pattern piece throws away because of the bottom is protruding more easily, like this tire is under increasing few weight, can strengthen the self-cleaning performance of tire greatly.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a city leisure mountain area vehicle tire tread pattern structure, includes casing ply (1), steel wire winding (2), anti-friction layer (3), tread layer (4) and bead layer (5) that set up from inside to outside, be provided with a plurality of decorative pattern pieces, its characterized in that with tread center line symmetry on tread layer (4): the pattern blocks comprise a first pattern block (6), a second pattern block (7), a third pattern block (8), a fourth pattern block (9), a fifth pattern block (10) and a sixth pattern block (11) which are sequentially arranged from the center line of the tread to the direction of the tire shoulder;
the first pattern block (6), the third pattern block (8), the fifth pattern block (10) and the symmetrical pattern blocks are distributed in an inverted V shape, the second pattern block (7), the fourth pattern block (9) and the sixth pattern block (11) are distributed in an inverted V shape with the symmetrical pattern blocks, the inverted V shape formed by the above steps is distributed in parallel along the rolling direction of the tire, and the included angle between the single side of the inverted V shape and the central line of the tire surface is 45-70 degrees;
the first pattern block (6), the second pattern block (7), the third pattern block (8) and the fourth pattern block (9) are provided with stepped reinforcements (12) along the front and back of the traveling direction, and the fifth pattern block (10) and the sixth pattern block (11) are provided with stepped reinforcements (13) towards the tire shoulder direction;
first protruding lines (14) are arranged between the first pattern block (6), the second pattern block (7), the third pattern block (8) and the fourth pattern block (9) in an extending mode along the traveling direction, second protruding lines (15) are arranged between the third pattern block (8), the fourth pattern block (9), the fifth pattern block (10) and the sixth pattern block (11) in the traveling direction, and the first protruding lines (15) and the second protruding lines (16) are arranged in an alternating mode.
2. The urban leisure mountain vehicle tire tread pattern structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the horizontal spacing between the pattern blocks distributed in the inverted V shape is W1, the longitudinal spacing between the pattern blocks distributed in the inverted V shape along the rolling direction is H1, and the W1 or H1 is set to be 8% -10% of the total width of the pattern of the tread layer.
3. The urban leisure mountain vehicle tire tread pattern structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the transverse width of each pattern block is W2, the longitudinal width of each pattern block along the rolling direction is H2, the W2 is set to be 10% -15% of the total width of the tread layer pattern, and the H2 is set to be 13% -16% of the total width of the tread layer pattern.
4. The urban leisure mountain vehicle tire tread pattern structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: notch cuttype reinforcement (12) include by the decorative pattern bottom upwards first step reinforcement and the second step reinforcement that sets gradually, the height of first step reinforcement and second step reinforcement is the same, sets up to 1/4 of whole decorative pattern piece degree of depth respectively.
5. The urban leisure mountain vehicle tire tread pattern structure as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the pattern drawing angle between the stepped reinforcement (12) and the vertical pattern surface is set between 15 degrees and 20 degrees.
6. The urban leisure mountain vehicle tire tread pattern structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the total depth of decorative pattern block with ladder reinforcement (13) is greater than the total depth of decorative pattern block with ladder reinforcement (12), ladder reinforcement (13) include by the decorative pattern bottom upwards first ladder reinforcement and the second ladder reinforcement that sets gradually, the height of first ladder reinforcement and second ladder reinforcement is the same, sets up to 1/4 of whole decorative pattern block degree of depth respectively.
7. The urban leisure mountain vehicle tire tread pattern structure as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the drawing angle between the trapezoid reinforcement (13) and the vertical pattern surface is set between 35 degrees and 45 degrees.
8. The urban leisure mountain vehicle tire tread pattern structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the third pattern block (8) and the fourth pattern block (9) are provided with weight reduction grooves (16) with the depth h3 along the running direction of the tire, and the depth h3 is half of the depth of the pattern blocks.
9. The urban leisure mountain vehicle tire tread pattern structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first raised grains (14) and the second raised grains (15) extend in parallel along the bottom edges of the corresponding tread base surfaces respectively, the sections of the first raised grains (14) and the second raised grains (15) are set to be any one of semicircular, triangular and rectangular, and the raised height H4 and the section width W4 of the bottom surface of the grains from the tread base surface are set between 0.3mm and 0.5 mm.
10. The urban leisure mountain vehicle tire tread pattern structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the tire tread layer (4) is composed of a tire crown and a tire shoulder, the steel wire ring (2) and the anti-friction layer (3) sequentially encircle to form a circle, the cord fabric layer (1) is folded back along the steel wire ring (2) and does not overlap to encircle to form a circle, the anti-friction layer (3) is arranged on the periphery of the cord fabric layer (1) with the same circumferential surface, the tire tread layer (4) is arranged on the periphery of the cord fabric layer (1), the cord fabric layer (1) is a high-density nylon oblique crossing cord yarn layer, the interweaving density of the cord fabric layer is between 30 and 120 strips per square inch, the steel wire ring (2) is formed by winding steel wires with the diameter of 0.95mm or light fiber rings, and the anti-friction layer (3) is high-density nylon interweaving yarns, and the interweaving density of the cord fabric layer is between 20 and 60 strips per square inch.
CN202211380080.9A 2022-11-04 2022-11-04 Urban leisure mountain region tire tread pattern structure Active CN115723485B (en)

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