CN115720849B

CN115720849B - Cultivation method of seedless litchi fruits

Info

Publication number: CN115720849B
Application number: CN202211642280.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王弋; 全振炫; 李伟才
Original assignee: South Subtropical Crops Research Institute CATAS
Current assignee: South Subtropical Crops Research Institute CATAS
Priority date: 2022-12-20
Filing date: 2022-12-20
Publication date: 2023-06-09
Anticipated expiration: 2042-12-20
Also published as: CN115720849A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of seedless litchi fruits. The specific technical scheme is as follows: a culturing method of seedless litchi fruits uses litchi with pollen abortion character as test material, isolates exogenous pollen in the female flower opening period, and sequentially sprays brassinolide, cytokinin, gibberellin and foliar fertilizer to induce fruit expansion after female flower stigma loses pollination ability. The invention develops a novel method for stably preparing seedless litchi fruits.

Description

Cultivation method of seedless litchi fruits

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of seedless litchi fruits.

Background

Litchi is a famous subtropical fruit in south China, most litchi varieties have large pits, a small part of litchi varieties are coke pits, and no-pit litchi varieties are very few. The seedless character of the existing seedless litchi variety is unstable, a certain proportion of large-core fruits exist, the seedless rate is only 45.6-81.3%, and the commodity property and price of the fruits are seriously affected.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a cultivation method of seedless litchi fruits, which solves the problem of unstable seedless rate of litchi fruits in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention discloses a cultivation method of seedless litchi fruits, which takes litchi with pollen abortion characters as a test material, isolates exogenous pollen in the flowering period of female flowers, and sprays brassinolide, cytokinin, gibberellin and foliar fertilizer in sequence after the female flower heads lose pollination capability.

Preferably, the female stigma loses pollination ability and is sprayed with brassinolide, cytokinin and gibberellin Shi Huasui on

days

3, 10 and 20, respectively, while the leaves are sprayed with foliar fertilizer on days 6, 30 and 50.

Preferably, the concentration of brassinolide is 65-80 mu M, the concentration of cytokinin is 40-50 mu M, the concentration of gibberellin is 60-80 mu M, and the spraying concentration of foliar fertilizer is 0.2-0.3%.

Preferably, the brassinolide, cytokinin and gibberellin are sprayed until the flower ears are wet in the spraying process, and the brassinolide, cytokinin and gibberellin are not dripped or only little dripping is stopped; and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed to the foliar to drip water in the spraying process.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

the litchi variety Khom with pollen abortion property is used as a material, the non-woven bag is used for isolating external pollen, the external pollen is induced to form seedless fruits, and simultaneously hormone and foliar fertilizer are matched for treatment to promote fruit expansion and fruit setting. By using the method, khom cross pollination can be avoided, parthenocarpy is induced, and litchi fruits with seedless traits are produced. Statistical results show that the seedless rate of the Khom litchi fruits after the method is adopted is more than 98.2 percent on average, the number of fruits per spike on average is 6.8, and the litchi fruits with seedless characters can be produced efficiently.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a chart of a Khom litchi bag;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of seedless fruits in a Khom litchi bag;

FIG. 3 is a graph of the fruit set of the big stone fruit without the Khom bagging.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

The technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art unless otherwise indicated.

The invention discloses a cultivation method of seedless litchi fruits, which takes litchi with pollen abortion characters as a test material, isolates exogenous pollen in the flowering period of female flowers, such as isolating exogenous pollen by a non-woven fabric bag, and after the stigma of the female flowers loses pollination capability, sequentially spraying brassinolide, cytokinin, gibberellin and foliar fertilizer to promote fruit expansion and fruit setting.

Specific: the female stigma loses pollination ability, and is sprayed with brassinolide, cytokinin and gibberellin Shi Huasui on

days

3, 10 and 20, respectively, and simultaneously, leaves are sprayed with foliar fertilizer on days 6, 30 and 50. The concentration of brassinolide is 65-80 mu M, the concentration of cytokinin is 40-50 mu M, the concentration of gibberellin is 60-80 mu M, and the spraying concentration of foliar fertilizer is 0.2-0.3%. In the spraying process, brassinolide, cytokinin and gibberellin are sprayed until the flower ears are wet in the spraying process, and the water is not dropped or only a small amount of water drops are stopped; and spraying the foliar fertilizer to the leaf surface in the spraying process.

The invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with specific examples.

Example 1

As shown in figure 1, the pollen abortive litchi variety Khom is taken as a material, khom is a litchi variety led from Thailand, the planting in Guangdong of China shows stable pollen abortive character, a non-woven fabric bag is used for isolating exogenous pollen, and hormone and foliar fertilizer are matched to promote fruit expansion and fruit setting. Specific: and bagging pollen-abortive litchi Khom by using a non-woven fabric bag in the female flower opening period, removing the bagging after the final female flower head is dried and loses pollination capability, and then treating the flower ears and leaves by using hormone and foliar fertilizer to promote fruit expansion and fruit setting.

Specific: and bagging the flower spikes immediately before the Khom female flowers are opened, and removing the bagging after the final female flower heads are dried and lose pollination capability, so that the Khom female flowers are not pollinated by other exogenous pollen. Shi Huasui is sprayed with brassinolide (80 mu M), cytokinin (50 mu M) and gibberellin (80 mu M) on the 3 rd, 10 th and 20 th days after bagging is released, and leaves are sprayed with foliar fertilizer on the 6 th, 30 th and 50 th days, wherein the foliar fertilizer concentration is 0.2%, so that fruit setting and fruit expansion are promoted. After the treatment, the proportion of the seedless fruits of the Khom litchi reaches over 98.2 percent, the average fruit setting number per spike reaches 6.8, and the final seedless fruits are shown in figure 2.

Comparative example 1

The pollen is isolated by the non-woven fabric bag in the female flower opening stage. The litchi fruits are large cores, the fruit proportion of the large cores reaches 100%, and the fruits are shown in figure 3.

Comparative example 2

The pollen is isolated by a non-woven fabric bag in the female flower opening stage, but the use concentration of each hormone and foliar fertilizer is reduced, the concentration of brassinolide is reduced to 40 mu M, the concentration of cytokinin is reduced to 25 mu M, the concentration of gibberellin is reduced to 40 mu M, and the concentration of foliar fertilizer is 0.1%. After the use concentration of each hormone and foliar fertilizer is reduced, the ratio of seedless fruits still reaches more than 97.8%, but the average fruit setting number per spike is only 1.9.

The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method of seedless litchi fruits is characterized by comprising the following steps: taking litchi Khom with pollen abortion property as a test material, isolating exogenous pollen in the female flower opening period, and spraying brassinolide, cytokinin, gibberellin and foliar fertilizer in sequence after female flower stigma loses pollination ability;

spraying Shi Huasui with brassinolide, cytokinin and gibberellin on the 3 rd, 10 th and 20 th days after the female stigma loses pollination ability, and simultaneously spraying leaves with foliar fertilizer on the 6 th, 30 th and 50 th days;

the concentration of brassinolide is 65-80 mu M, the concentration of cytokinin is 40-50 mu M, the concentration of gibberellin is 60-80 mu M, and the spraying concentration of foliar fertilizer is 0.2-0.3%.

2. The cultivation method of seedless litchi fruits as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the brassinolide, cytokinin and gibberellin are sprayed until the flower spikes are wet in the spraying process, and the brassinolide, cytokinin and gibberellin are not dripped or only slightly dripped; and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed to the foliar to drip water in the spraying process.