CN115719010A - Metal mine deep mining design method based on ore body characteristics and mining ground pressure response - Google Patents
Metal mine deep mining design method based on ore body characteristics and mining ground pressure response Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a metal mine deep mining design method based on ore body characteristics and mining ground pressure response, and relates to the technical field of metal mine mining design. The method comprises the steps of obtaining deep geological cores of metal ores through engineering exploration drilling holes, conducting geological logging on the geological cores obtained through the engineering exploration drilling holes, exploring geological conditions of ore deposits, designing a mining method from five aspects of construction of a three-dimensional visual engineering geological disaster model of a mining area, selection of the mining method, determination of stope arrangement form and structural parameters, optimization of stoping sequence and design of filling body strength and supporting structure parameters on the basis of fully exploring the geological conditions of the ore deposits, and guaranteeing mining ground pressure balance and mining engineering stability in the mining process so as to achieve the purpose of safe and efficient mining. The method fully considers the influence of the rock mass and the mining ground pressure on the design of the mining method, ensures the mining ground pressure balance and the stability of the mining engineering in the mining process, and can realize the purpose of safe and efficient mining.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal ore mining design, in particular to a metal ore deep mining design method based on ore body characteristics and mining ground pressure response.
Background
At present, metal mines in the world have more than 160 seats with mining depth of more than 1000m, wherein 16 seats with mining depth of more than 3000m are provided; according to the disclosure of Chinese mineral resource report 2020 issued by the department of natural resources in China, by 2020, the iron ore resource reserves of China are found to be 864.08 hundred million t, the gold resource reserve is 14131.06t, the lead zinc resource reserve is 9572.2 million t, and the copper resource reserve is 10971.55 million t, wherein 1000m in the metal mineral resources accounts for more than 25% of deep resources. It is estimated that when the mining depth of the metal ore reaches 2000m, doubled metal ore resources are to be developed on the basis of the existing resource reserves. At present, 55 metal mines in China have mining depth of over 1000m and are the first place in the world. In the future 10-20 years, more metal mines enter 2000m deep mining in China. Therefore, deep mining has become an important component of the mining industry in China.
Deep mining faces a plurality of bottleneck problems, deep mining is mining under the conditions of high well depth (1500 m), high ground pressure (more than 50 MPa), high ground temperature (50 ℃), high water bearing pressure (more than 9 MPa) and strong corrosion, the characteristics of a deep ore body are difficult to detect, deep mining engineering practice is far ahead of basic theoretical research, deep mining design still adopts a shallow empirical comparison method, the instability mechanism of a mining rock mass structure is unclear, the time-space difference mining earth pressure migration rule is not mastered, mature deep mining earth pressure prevention and control technology and equipment are not available, deep mining activities generally have blindness, low efficiency and poor safety, deep mining field collapse and instability, large ore loss and dilution, difficult excavation and difficult mining, and the safe and efficient mining of deep mining resources is severely restricted. Therefore, it is urgently needed to break through the existing mining design method mainly based on the empirical method, the engineering comparison method and the reference manual, fully consider the characteristics of the deep ore body and the response of the mining ground pressure, and develop a metal ore deep mining design method based on the characteristics of the ore body and the response of the mining ground pressure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a metal ore deep mining design method based on ore body characteristics and mining ground pressure response aiming at the defects of the existing metal ore deep mining design method, wherein the mining method is designed from 5 aspects of construction of a three-dimensional visual engineering geological disaster model of a mining area, selection of the mining method, determination of stope arrangement form and structural parameters, optimization of stoping sequence, strength of a filling body and design of supporting structural parameters on the basis of fully exploring the geological conditions of an ore deposit, so that the mining ground pressure balance and the stability of mining engineering in the mining process are ensured, and the aim of safe and efficient mining is fulfilled.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a metal mine deep mining design method based on ore body characteristics and mining ground pressure response comprises the following steps:
step 1: obtaining a geological core at the deep part of the metal ore through the engineering exploration drilling hole, performing geological logging on the geological core obtained by the engineering exploration drilling hole, and recording RQD, joint group number, joint interval and joint roughness coefficient while exploring geological conditions of an ore deposit;
the geological conditions of the ore deposit comprise lithology, structure, size, quantity, attitude, burial depth and distribution centralization degree, ore grade and value and underground water distribution;
step 2: measuring the ground stress by a hydraulic fracturing method through engineering exploration drilling;
and step 3: sampling from the geological core to perform a physical and mechanical property experiment of the ore rock, and obtaining physical and mechanical parameters of the ore rock;
and 4, step 4: carrying out rock mass quality grading on the metal ore deep ore rock and carrying out rock mass mechanical parameter estimation on the metal ore deep ore rock based on geological core logging results, ground stress and physical mechanical parameters of the ore rock;
and 5: constructing a three-dimensional visual engineering geological disaster model of a mining area according to the geological conditions of the mining deposit and the quality grading result of the rock mass;
step 6: preliminarily determining a plurality of mining methods according to the geological conditions of the deposit and the three-dimensional visual engineering geological disaster model of the mining area, and comparing and selecting the preliminarily determined plurality of mining methods according to the economic conditions of the current metal mine deep mining technology to determine an optimal mining method;
the technical and economic conditions of deep mining of the metal ore comprise ore loss and dilution, mining ground pressure conditions, whether the ground surface is allowed to sink or not, technical requirements of a processing department on ore quality, technical equipment and material supply and whether technical management levels required by a mining method meet the requirements or not;
and 7: drawing a geological disaster plan of the ore deposit and a section of an exploration line according to a three-dimensional visual engineering geological disaster model of the ore area, selecting a result arrangement development system by combining geological conditions of the ore deposit and a mining method, and determining the arrangement form of ore blocks by fully considering the ground stress characteristics; the arrangement form of the ore blocks ensures that the long axis direction of the ore blocks is consistent with the maximum horizontal main stress;
and 8: analyzing the stability of stope rock according to the quality grading of rock mass, stope ground pressure and stope structure, and calculating stope structure parameters according to the stope structure stability;
the stope structure parameters comprise: stope size, stope stud and shore size;
and step 9: designing mining and cutting projects of ore blocks according to geological disaster plan of ore deposit, mining method and stope structure parameters;
step 10: designing and optimizing the whole mining sequence of the mine according to the mining ground pressure balance and the advanced sequence pressure relief principle;
step 11: and (3) laying micro-strain sensors on a stope roof and two sides, monitoring stope ground pressure response characteristics by using a three-dimensional laser digital measurement system, and designing the strength of a filling body and supporting structure parameters according to the stope ground pressure response characteristics.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: the metal mine deep mining design method based on ore body characteristics and mining ground pressure response provided by the invention takes a mining process as a main line, is based on ore deposit geology, rock mechanics and mining technical economic conditions, fully considers the influence of rock mass quality and mining ground pressure on the design of the mining method, and ensures the mining ground pressure balance and the stability of mining engineering in the mining process so as to achieve the aim of safe and efficient mining.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a metal mine deep mining design method based on ore body characteristics and mining ground pressure response according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a mining method option provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the arrangement of the lumps and the ground stress according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of an engineering exploration borehole and acquired metal mine deep geological core provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a three-dimensional visualization engineering geological disaster model of a mining area according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a geological disaster plan and a profile for guiding the arrangement of a mining project according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In this embodiment, an underground metal mine is taken as an example, and mining design is performed on the metal mine by using the deep mining design method for the metal mine.
In this embodiment, the method for designing deep mining of metal ore based on ore body characteristics and mining ground pressure response, as shown in fig. 1, includes the following steps:
step 1: acquiring a deep geological core of a metal ore through an engineering exploration drilling hole, performing geological logging on the geological core acquired by the engineering exploration drilling hole, and recording RQD (Rock Quality indicator), joint group number, joint interval and joint roughness coefficient while exploring geological conditions of an ore deposit; the geological conditions of the ore deposit comprise lithology, structure, scale, quantity, attitude, burial depth and distribution concentration degree, ore grade and value and underground water distribution;
in the embodiment, the geological core at the deep part of the metal mine is obtained by the engineering exploration drilling aiming at the underground metal mine, and as shown in fig. 2, geological logging is carried out on the geological core obtained by the engineering exploration drilling, so that the occurrence depth of an ore body is-960 m to-1400 m, the ore body inclination is 272 degrees, the dip angle is 27 degrees, and the thickness is 40m. And determining the ore body to be a gently inclined thick ore body according to the ore body attitude and the thickness, and simultaneously recording the RQD, the joint group number and the joint roughness coefficient of each box of rock core. The high grade of ore is mainly concentrated in the middle section of-1200 m and-1400 m, and is set as the first mining middle section.
Step 2: the method comprises the following steps of measuring the ground stress by using a hydraulic fracturing method through engineering exploration drilling, and obtaining the ground stress as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in order to be a vertical stress,
in order to be the maximum horizontal principal stress,
the minimum horizontal principal stress is h is the burial depth, the ground stress is mainly horizontal structural stress, and the maximum principal stress is in the northwest direction.
And 3, step 3: sampling from the geological core to perform a physical and mechanical property experiment of the ore rock, and obtaining physical and mechanical parameters of the ore rock;
in the embodiment, the obtained partial physical mechanical parameters of the middle section ore rock mass from-1200 m to-1400 m are shown in the following table 1 (as the data volume of the drilling database is too much, only two drilling data from ZK825 to 826 are selected, and the following rock mass quality grading is also based on the two drilling data);
TABLE 1 statistical table of rock mechanics experiment parameters
And 4, step 4: grading the rock mass quality of the metal ore deep ore rock and estimating the rock mass mechanical parameters based on geological core logging results (RQD, joint group number, joint interval and joint roughness coefficient), ground stress and the physical mechanical parameters of the ore rock mass;
in the embodiment, the rock mass quality grading result is shown in the following table 2, and the rock mass mechanical parameter estimation result is shown in the following table 3;
TABLE 2 rock mass geomechanics (RMR) grading calculation statistical table
TABLE 3 estimation of rock mechanics parameters
And 5: according to the geological conditions of the ore deposit and the quality grading result of the rock mass, constructing a three-dimensional visual engineering geological disaster model of the ore deposit by applying a Krigin interpolation method or a distance power inverse ratio method;
in the embodiment, the constructed three-dimensional visualization engineering geological disaster model of the mining area is shown as an attached figure 3;
step 6: preliminarily determining a plurality of open stope subsequent filling mining methods with the advantages of large production capacity, low loss rate, high safety performance and the like as mining methods of mines according to the geological conditions of ore deposits and the three-dimensional visual engineering geological disaster model of the mining area, and comparing and selecting the preliminarily determined plurality of mining methods according to the economic conditions of the current metal mine deep mining technology to determine an optimal mining method;
the technical and economic conditions of deep mining of metal ores comprise ore loss and dilution, mining ground pressure conditions, whether the ground surface is allowed to sink or not, the technical requirements of a processing department on the quality of the ores, technical equipment and material supply and whether the technical management level required by a mining method meets the requirements or not, and the specific flow of the mining method is selected as shown in FIG. 4;
and 7: drawing a plan view of the geological disaster of the ore deposit and a section view of an exploration line according to a three-dimensional visual engineering geological disaster model of the ore deposit, selecting a result arrangement and exploitation system by combining the geological condition of the ore deposit and a mining method, and determining the arrangement form of ore blocks by fully considering the ground stress characteristics (size and direction) as shown in figure 5;
in the embodiment, according to a three-dimensional visual engineering geological disaster model of a mining area, taking a-1400 m level as an example, a mining area geological disaster plan and an exploration line profile are drawn, a result shaft and a blind ramp are selected by combining a mining area geological condition and a mining method, the arrangement form of ore blocks is determined by fully considering ground stress characteristics (size and direction), and the direction of a long shaft of a mining field is consistent with the direction of the maximum main stress, as shown in fig. 6;
and 8: analyzing the stability of stope rock according to the quality grading of rock mass, stope ground pressure and stope structure, and calculating stope structure parameters according to the stope structure stability; stope structure parameters include: stope size, stope stud and top stud size;
in the embodiment, the stability of the stope ore rock is analyzed by a numerical simulation method according to the rock mass quality grading, the stope ground pressure and the stope structure combined with the estimated ore rock mechanical parameters, the stope structure parameters are optimized, and the stope structure parameters are calculated according to the stope structure stability; because the open stope subsequent filling mining method is adopted, no stud and top pillar are left, and the stope stability is calculated, the stope span of the ore block along the trend direction is 12.5m, the height is 20m, and the length is 25m.
And step 9: designing mining and cutting projects of ore blocks according to geological disaster plan of ore deposit, mining method and stope structure parameters;
in the embodiment, stopes are arranged in a vertical ore body trend, stopes start to be extracted from the bottom plate level of the middle transportation section in each stope, after slope roads of a panel area are formed, out-of-vein sublevel roadways are tunneled at intervals of sublevel height in the vertical direction, out-of-vein sublevel roadways are arranged along the lower wall of an ore body, and sublevel connection roadways are tunneled to the ore body at intervals of 12.5m in the out-of-vein sublevel roadways;
step 10: according to the principle of mining ground pressure balance and advanced sequence pressure relief, a numerical simulation means is adopted to analyze the mining ground pressure migration rule and response characteristics in the stoping process, and the overall stoping sequence of the mine is designed and optimized;
step 11: micro-strain sensors are arranged on a stope top plate and two sides, a three-dimensional laser digital measuring system is used for monitoring stope strain and displacement change conditions, and the strength of a filling body and supporting structure parameters are designed according to stope ground pressure response characteristics.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A metal mine deep mining design method based on ore body characteristics and mining ground pressure response is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: acquiring a deep geological core of a metal ore through an engineering exploration drilling hole, performing geological logging on the geological core acquired by the engineering exploration drilling hole, and recording RQD, joint group number, joint interval and joint roughness coefficient while exploring geological conditions of an ore deposit;
step 2: measuring the ground stress by a hydraulic fracturing method through engineering exploration drilling;
and step 3: sampling from the geological core to perform a physical and mechanical property experiment of the ore rock, and obtaining physical and mechanical parameters of the ore rock;
and 4, step 4: carrying out rock mass quality grading on the metal ore deep ore rock and carrying out rock mass mechanical parameter estimation on the metal ore deep ore rock based on geological core logging results, ground stress and physical mechanical parameters of the ore rock;
and 5: constructing a three-dimensional visual engineering geological disaster model of a mining area according to the geological conditions of the mining deposit and the quality grading result of the rock mass;
step 6: preliminarily determining a plurality of mining methods according to the geological conditions of the deposit and the three-dimensional visual engineering geological disaster model of the mining area, and comparing and selecting the preliminarily determined plurality of mining methods according to the economic conditions of the current metal mine deep mining technology to determine an optimal mining method;
and 7: drawing a geological disaster plan map and an exploration line profile map of a mineral deposit according to a three-dimensional visual engineering geological disaster model of a mining area, selecting a result arrangement and exploitation system by combining geological conditions of the mineral deposit and a mining method, and determining the arrangement form of mineral blocks by fully considering the ground stress characteristics;
and 8: analyzing the stability of stope rock according to the quality grading of rock mass, stope ground pressure and stope structure, and calculating stope structure parameters according to the stope structure stability;
and step 9: designing mining and cutting projects of ore blocks according to a geological disaster plan of an ore deposit, a mining method and stope structure parameters;
step 10: designing and optimizing the overall mining sequence of the mine according to the mining ground pressure balance and the advanced sequence pressure relief principle;
step 11: monitoring response characteristics of stope ground pressure, and designing the strength of the filling body and supporting structure parameters according to the stope ground pressure response characteristics.
2. The metal mine deep mining design method based on ore body characteristics and mining ground pressure response according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the geological conditions of the ore deposit in the step 1 comprise lithology, structure, ore body scale, quantity, attitude, burial depth, distribution concentration degree, ore grade and value and underground water distribution.
3. The metal mine deep mining design method based on ore body characteristics and mining earth pressure response as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and 6, the metal mine deep mining technology and economic conditions comprise ore loss and dilution, mining ground pressure conditions, whether the ground surface is allowed to sink or not, the technical requirements of a processing department on ore quality, and whether the technical management level required by technical equipment and material supply and a mining method meets the requirements or not.
4. The metal mine deep mining design method based on ore body characteristics and mining earth pressure response as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the arrangement of the blocks described in step 7 is such that the direction of the long axis of the blocks is consistent with the maximum horizontal principal stress.
5. The metal mine deep mining design method based on ore body characteristics and mining earth pressure response as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the stope structure parameters in step 8 include: stope size, stope stud and roofpost size.
6. The metal mine deep mining design method based on ore body characteristics and mining ground pressure response according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the mining and cutting process of the ore block in the step 9 comprises an extravenal ore removal roadway, an extravenal sectional roadway and a sectional connecting roadway; the arrangement position avoids the area with poor rock mass quality.
7. The metal mine deep mining design method based on ore body characteristics and mining ground pressure response according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and 11, monitoring response characteristics of stope rock pressure by arranging micro-strain sensors on a stope top plate and two sides and applying a three-dimensional laser digital measurement system.
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| CN103758519A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-04-30 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | Thick and large mineral deposit stage subsequent filling method mining piecewise optimization design and implementation method |
| WO2020119177A1 (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2020-06-18 | 中国矿业大学 | Wall continuous mining and continuous filling water-preserved coal mining method, and water resource migration monitoring and water disaster early warning method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103758519A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-04-30 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | Thick and large mineral deposit stage subsequent filling method mining piecewise optimization design and implementation method |
| WO2020119177A1 (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2020-06-18 | 中国矿业大学 | Wall continuous mining and continuous filling water-preserved coal mining method, and water resource migration monitoring and water disaster early warning method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 李刚;杨志强;高谦;马耀;: "司家营铁矿南区矿床工程地质与采矿技术条件研究", 金属矿山, no. 08 * |
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