CN115719010B - Mining design method for deep mining of metal ore based on ore body characteristics and mining ground pressure response - Google Patents
Mining design method for deep mining of metal ore based on ore body characteristics and mining ground pressure response Download PDFInfo
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A10/40—Controlling or monitoring, e.g. of flood or hurricane; Forecasting, e.g. risk assessment or mapping
Abstract
The invention provides a metal ore deep mining design method based on ore body characteristics and mining ground pressure response, and relates to the technical field of metal ore mining design. According to the method, a metal ore deep geological core is obtained through engineering exploration drilling, geological logging is carried out on the geological core obtained through engineering exploration drilling, the geological condition of a mineral deposit is ascertained, and on the basis of fully ascertaining the geological condition of the mineral deposit, the mining method is designed from five aspects of construction of a three-dimensional visual engineering geological disaster model of a mining area, selection of a mining field arrangement form and structural parameters, optimization of a stoping sequence and design of filling body strength and supporting structural parameters, so that mining pressure balance and mining engineering stability in a mining process are guaranteed, and the purposes of safe and efficient mining are achieved. The method fully considers the influence of rock mass and mining ground pressure on the design of the mining method, ensures the mining ground pressure balance and the mining engineering stability in the mining process, and can realize the purpose of safe and efficient mining.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal ore mining design, in particular to a metal ore deep mining design method based on ore body characteristics and mining ground pressure response.
Background
Currently, the international metal mine has 160 seats with mining depth exceeding 1000m, wherein 16 seats with mining depth exceeding 3000 m; according to the disclosure of Chinese mineral resource report (2020) issued by the natural resource department of China, the iron ore resource reserve 864.08 million t, the gold resource reserve 14131.06t, the lead and zinc resource reserve 9572.2 ten thousand t and the copper resource reserve 10971.55 ten thousand t which are ascertained by China up to 2020, wherein the 1000m of the metal mineral resources occupy more than 25 percent of deep resources. It is estimated that when the metal ore mining depth reaches 2000m, there will be double the metal ore resources to be developed on the basis of the existing reserves of resources. Currently, 55 metal mines in China have mining depths exceeding 1000m and are first in the world. In the future 10-20 years, more metal mines in China will enter 2000m deep mining. It can be seen that deep mining has become an important component of the mining industry in China.
Deep mining faces a plurality of bottleneck problems, namely deep mining is carried out under conditions of high well depth (1500 m), high ground pressure (more than 50 MPa), high ground temperature (50 ℃), gao Cheng water pressure (more than 9 MPa), and strong corrosion, the characteristics of deep ore bodies are difficult to detect, deep mining engineering practice is far advanced than basic theoretical research, deep mining design still adopts a shallow experience analogy method, so that the structure instability mechanism of a mining rock mass is not clear, space-time differential mining ground pressure migration rules are not known, and mature deep mining ground pressure prevention and control technology and equipment are not known, so that blind, inefficiency and poor safety are generally existed in deep mining activities, deep mining sites collapse, roadway instability is caused, ore loss is large, difficult mining is difficult to carry out, and safe and efficient mining of deep mineral resources is severely restricted. Therefore, it is needed to break through the existing mining design methods based on the "experience method", "engineering analogy method" and the "manual" and fully consider the deep ore body characteristics and the mining earth pressure response, and develop a metal ore deep mining design method based on the ore body characteristics and the mining earth pressure response.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing metal ore deep mining design method, the invention provides the metal ore deep mining design method based on ore body characteristics and mining ground pressure response, and the mining method is designed from 5 aspects of construction of a three-dimensional visual engineering geological disaster model of a mining area, selection of a mining method, arrangement form and structural parameter determination of a stope, optimization of a stope sequence and design of filling body strength and supporting structural parameter on the basis of fully ascertaining geological conditions of a deposit, so that mining process mining ground pressure balance and mining engineering stability are guaranteed, and the aim of safe and efficient mining is achieved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a metal ore deep mining design method based on ore body characteristics and mining ground pressure response comprises the following steps:
step 1: obtaining a metal ore deep geological core through engineering exploration drilling, carrying out geological record on the geological core obtained through engineering exploration drilling, and recording RQD, joint group number, joint spacing and joint roughness coefficient while ascertaining the geological condition of a deposit;
the geological conditions of the ore deposit comprise lithology, structure, scale, quantity, shape, burial depth and concentration degree of distribution, ore grade and value and groundwater distribution of ore bodies;
step 2: measuring the ground stress by adopting a hydraulic fracturing method through engineering exploration drilling holes;
step 3: sampling from a geological core to perform a physical and mechanical property experiment of the ore, and obtaining physical and mechanical parameters of the ore body;
step 4: classifying rock mass quality of the deep metal ore rock based on geological core cataloging results, ground stress and physical mechanical parameters of the rock mass, and estimating rock mechanical parameters;
step 5: constructing a three-dimensional visual chemical engineering geological disaster model of the mining area according to the geological conditions of the mining deposit and the quality grading result of the rock mass;
step 6: preliminarily determining a plurality of mining methods according to the geological conditions of the ore deposit and the three-dimensional visual chemical engineering geological disaster model of the ore area, comparing and selecting the preliminarily determined mining methods according to the current technical and economic conditions of deep mining of the metal ore, and determining an optimal mining method;
the technical and economic conditions of the deep mining of the metal ore comprise ore loss dilution, mining ground pressure conditions, whether the earth surface is allowed to collapse, the technical requirements of a processing department on ore quality, technical equipment and material supply and the technical management level required by a mining method are met;
step 7: according to a three-dimensional visualization engineering geological disaster model of a mining area, drawing a mineral deposit geological disaster plan and an exploration line section, combining with mineral deposit geological conditions and a mining method selection result, arranging a development system, and fully considering ground stress characteristics to determine an arrangement form of mineral blocks; the arrangement form of the ore blocks is to ensure that the long axis direction of the ore blocks is consistent with the maximum horizontal main stress;
step 8: analyzing the stability of stope ore according to the quality classification of rock mass, mining ground pressure and stope structure, and calculating stope structure parameters according to the stope structure stability;
the stope structure parameters include: stope dimensions, stope column and jack column dimensions;
step 9: designing mining and cutting engineering of ore blocks according to a mineral deposit geological disaster plan, a mining method and stope structural parameters;
step 10: according to the mining ground pressure equalization and advanced sequence pressure release principles, designing and optimizing the overall mining sequence of the mine;
step 11: and arranging micro-strain sensors on the stope roof and the two sides, monitoring stope mining ground pressure response characteristics by using a three-dimensional laser digital measurement system, and designing filler strength and supporting structural parameters according to the stope ground pressure response characteristics.
The beneficial effects of adopting above-mentioned technical scheme to produce lie in: the metal ore deep mining design method based on ore body characteristics and mining ground pressure response provided by the invention takes the mining process as a main line, takes ore deposit geology, rock mechanics and mining technical economic conditions as the basis, fully considers the influence of rock mass and mining ground pressure on the mining method design, ensures mining ground pressure balance and mining engineering stability in the mining process, and achieves the purposes of safe and efficient mining.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a metal mine deep mining design method based on ore body characteristics and mining ground pressure response provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a mining method selection provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the arrangement of mineral blocks and the ground stress according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a metal mine deep geological core obtained by engineering exploration drilling provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional visualization process geological disaster model for mining areas provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a geological disaster plan and a section view guiding mining engineering layout provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes in further detail the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are given by way of illustration of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In this embodiment, a metal mine underground is taken as an example, and the metal mine is subjected to mining design by adopting the metal mine deep mining design method.
In this embodiment, the design method for deep mining of metal ore based on ore body characteristics and mining ground pressure response, as shown in fig. 1, includes the following steps:
step 1: obtaining a metal ore deep geological core through an engineering exploration drilling hole, carrying out geological record on the geological core obtained by the engineering exploration drilling hole, and recording RQD (Rock Quality Designation, namely rock quality index), joint group number, joint interval and joint roughness coefficient while ascertaining the geological condition of a mineral deposit; the geological conditions of the ore deposit comprise lithology, structure, scale, quantity, shape, burial depth and concentration degree of distribution, ore grade and value and groundwater distribution of ore bodies;
in the embodiment, a metal mine deep geological core is obtained through engineering exploration drilling aiming at the underground metal mine, as shown in fig. 2, geological logging is carried out on the geological core obtained through engineering exploration drilling, the occurrence depth of a mine body is ascertained to be-960 m to-1400 m, the inclination angle of the mine body is 272 degrees, the inclination angle is 27 degrees, and the thickness is 40m. And determining the ore body as a gently inclined thick and large ore body according to the shape and thickness of the ore body, and recording the RQD, the number of joint groups and the joint roughness coefficient of each box of rock core. The high grade of the ore is mainly concentrated in the middle sections of-1200 m and-1400 m, and the ore is set as the first mining middle section.
Step 2: the ground stress is measured by using engineering exploration drilling and adopting a hydraulic fracturing method, and the ground stress is obtained as follows:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,is vertical stress->Is the maximum horizontal principal stress->H is the burial depth, the ground stress is mainly the horizontal structural stress, and the trend of the maximum main stress is North west direction.
Step 3: sampling from a geological core to perform a physical and mechanical property experiment of the ore, and obtaining physical and mechanical parameters of the ore body;
in this embodiment, the obtained partial physical and mechanical parameters of the middle section rock mass of-1200 m to-1400 m are shown in table 1 below (only two pieces of drilling data of ZK 825-826 are selected due to too much drilling database data volume, and the following rock mass quality classification is also based on the two pieces of drilling data);
table 1 statistical table of experimental parameters of rock mechanics
Step 4: classifying the rock mass of the deep metal ore based on geological core cataloging results (RQD, node group number, node interval and node roughness coefficient), ground stress and physical mechanical parameters of the ore, and estimating the rock mass mechanical parameters;
in this embodiment, the quality classification result of the rock mass is shown in table 2, and the estimation result of the mechanical parameters of the rock mass is shown in table 3;
TABLE 2 hierarchical computational statistics of geomechanics of Rock Mass (RMR)
TABLE 3 estimation of rock mass mechanical parameters
Step 5: according to the geological conditions of the ore deposit and the quality grading result of the rock mass, a three-dimensional visual engineering geological disaster model of the ore area is constructed by applying a kriging interpolation method or a distance power inverse ratio method;
in the embodiment, the constructed three-dimensional visualization engineering geological disaster model of the mining area is shown in the figure 3;
step 6: a plurality of open-stope subsequent filling mining methods with the advantages of high production capacity, low lean loss rate, high safety performance and the like are preliminarily determined according to geological conditions of a deposit and a three-dimensional visual chemical engineering geological disaster model of a mining area to serve as mining methods of mines, and the preliminarily determined mining methods are compared and selected according to current deep mining technical and economic conditions of metal ores to determine an optimal mining method;
the technical and economic conditions of deep mining of metal ores comprise ore loss dilution, mining ground pressure conditions, whether the earth surface is allowed to collapse, the technical requirements of a processing department on ore quality, whether the technical equipment and material supply and the technical management level required by a mining method meet the requirements, and selecting a specific flow of the mining method as shown in fig. 4;
step 7: according to a three-dimensional visualization engineering geological disaster model of a mining area, drawing a mineral deposit geological disaster plan view and an exploration line section view, combining with mineral deposit geological conditions and mining method selection results, arranging a development system, and fully considering ground stress characteristics (size and direction) to determine the arrangement form of mineral blocks, as shown in fig. 5;
in the embodiment, according to a mining area three-dimensional visualization chemical engineering geological disaster model, taking a-1400 m level as an example, drawing a mineral deposit geological disaster plan view and an exploration line section view, selecting a result vertical shaft and blind ramp combined development method by combining a mineral deposit geological condition and a mining method, and fully considering ground stress characteristics (size and direction) to determine the arrangement form of mineral blocks, wherein the longitudinal axis direction of a mining area is consistent with the maximum principal stress direction, as shown in figure 6;
step 8: analyzing the stability of stope ore according to the quality classification of rock mass, mining ground pressure and stope structure, and calculating stope structure parameters according to the stope structure stability; stope structural parameters include: stope dimensions, stope column and jack column dimensions;
in the embodiment, analyzing the stability of stope ore rock by utilizing a numerical simulation method according to rock mass quality grading, mining ground pressure and stope structure and the estimated ore rock mechanical parameter, optimizing the stope structural parameter, and calculating the stope structural parameter according to the stope structural stability; as no spacer column and no top column are left in the open stope subsequent filling mining method, the stope stability is calculated, and the stope span of the ore blocks along the trend direction is 12.5m, the height is 20m and the length is 25m.
Step 9: designing mining and cutting engineering of ore blocks according to a mineral deposit geological disaster plan, a mining method and stope structural parameters;
in the embodiment, stopes are arranged vertically to the trend of ore bodies, stopes start stoping from the elevation of a bottom plate of a middle transportation section, after disc-area inclined ramps are formed, vein outgoing ore lanes are tunneled at intervals of a sectional height in the vertical direction, vein external sectional galleries are arranged along the lower disc of the ore bodies, and sectional connecting lanes are tunneled to the ore bodies at intervals of 12.5m in the vein external sectional galleries;
step 10: according to the mining ground pressure equalization and advanced sequence pressure release principle, adopting a numerical simulation means to analyze mining ground pressure migration rules and response characteristics in the stoping process, and designing and optimizing the overall stoping sequence of the mine;
step 11: and arranging micro-strain sensors on the stope roof and the two sides, monitoring the strain and displacement change conditions of the stope by using a three-dimensional laser digital measurement system, and designing the strength of the filling body and the parameters of the supporting structure according to the ground pressure response characteristics of the stope.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced with equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions, which are defined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A metal ore deep mining design method based on ore body characteristics and mining ground pressure response is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: obtaining a metal ore deep geological core through engineering exploration drilling, carrying out geological record on the geological core obtained through engineering exploration drilling, and recording RQD, joint group number, joint spacing and joint roughness coefficient while ascertaining the geological condition of a deposit;
step 2: measuring the ground stress by adopting a hydraulic fracturing method through engineering exploration drilling holes;
step 3: sampling from a geological core to perform a physical and mechanical property experiment of the ore, and obtaining physical and mechanical parameters of the ore body;
step 4: classifying rock mass quality of the deep metal ore rock based on geological core cataloging results, ground stress and physical mechanical parameters of the rock mass, and estimating rock mechanical parameters;
step 5: constructing a three-dimensional visual chemical engineering geological disaster model of the mining area according to the geological conditions of the mining deposit and the quality grading result of the rock mass;
step 6: preliminarily determining a plurality of mining methods according to the geological conditions of the ore deposit and the three-dimensional visual chemical engineering geological disaster model of the ore area, comparing and selecting the preliminarily determined mining methods according to the current technical and economic conditions of deep mining of the metal ore, and determining an optimal mining method;
step 7: according to a three-dimensional visualization engineering geological disaster model of a mining area, drawing a mineral deposit geological disaster plan and an exploration line section, combining with mineral deposit geological conditions and a mining method selection result, arranging a development system, and fully considering ground stress characteristics to determine an arrangement form of mineral blocks;
step 8: analyzing the stability of stope ore according to the quality classification of rock mass, mining ground pressure and stope structure, and calculating stope structure parameters according to the stope structure stability;
step 9: designing mining and cutting engineering of ore blocks according to a mineral deposit geological disaster plan, a mining method and stope structural parameters;
step 10: according to the mining ground pressure equalization and advanced sequence pressure release principles, designing and optimizing the overall mining sequence of the mine;
step 11: and monitoring mining ground pressure response characteristics of the stope, and designing the strength of the filling body and the supporting structure parameters according to the mining ground pressure response characteristics.
2. The metal ore deep mining design method based on ore body characteristics and mining ground pressure response according to claim 1, wherein: the geological conditions of the ore deposit in the step 1 comprise lithology, structure, scale, quantity, attitude, depth of burial and concentration degree of distribution, ore grade and value and groundwater distribution.
3. The metal ore deep mining design method based on ore body characteristics and mining ground pressure response according to claim 1, wherein: the technical and economic conditions of deep mining of the metal ore in the step 6 comprise ore loss dilution, mining ground pressure conditions, whether the earth surface is allowed to collapse, the technical requirements of the processing department on ore quality, technical equipment and material supply and the technical management level required by the mining method are met.
4. The metal ore deep mining design method based on ore body characteristics and mining ground pressure response according to claim 1, wherein: the arrangement of the ore blocks described in step 7 is to ensure that the long axis direction of the ore blocks should be consistent with the maximum horizontal principal stress.
5. The metal ore deep mining design method based on ore body characteristics and mining ground pressure response according to claim 1, wherein: the stope structure parameters described in step 8 include: stope dimensions, stope stud and jack post dimensions.
6. The metal ore deep mining design method based on ore body characteristics and mining ground pressure response according to claim 1, wherein: the mining and cutting engineering of the ore blocks in the step 9 comprises a vein outgoing ore roadway, an extra-vein sectional roadway and a sectional connecting roadway; the placement position avoids areas of poor rock mass.
7. The metal ore deep mining design method based on ore body characteristics and mining ground pressure response according to claim 1, wherein: and step 11, monitoring mining ground pressure response characteristics of the stope by arranging micro-strain sensors on a stope roof and two sides and applying a three-dimensional laser digital measurement system.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103758519A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-04-30 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | Thick and large mineral deposit stage subsequent filling method mining piecewise optimization design and implementation method |
| WO2020119177A1 (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2020-06-18 | 中国矿业大学 | Wall continuous mining and continuous filling water-preserved coal mining method, and water resource migration monitoring and water disaster early warning method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103758519A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-04-30 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | Thick and large mineral deposit stage subsequent filling method mining piecewise optimization design and implementation method |
| WO2020119177A1 (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2020-06-18 | 中国矿业大学 | Wall continuous mining and continuous filling water-preserved coal mining method, and water resource migration monitoring and water disaster early warning method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 司家营铁矿南区矿床工程地质与采矿技术条件研究;李刚;杨志强;高谦;马耀;;金属矿山(08);全文 * |
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