CN115711495A - Energy storage power station and system special for power grid peak shaving - Google Patents
Energy storage power station and system special for power grid peak shaving Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an energy storage power station and an energy storage system special for power grid peak shaving, which relate to the technical field of power grid peak shaving, and are characterized in that a photothermal subsystem and a valley electric heating subsystem are used as heat input sources, large-scale, high-density and high-grade heat energy storage is completed based on the cooperation between a salt heat storage subsystem and an independent phase-change heat storage subsystem which is independently packaged and automatically charged and discharged, and the processes of charging heat to the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem and taking heat from the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem to generate electricity are efficiently completed in a heat storage cycle stage and a heat discharge cycle stage; meanwhile, the part of valley electricity which is not absorbed by the power grid is directly connected to the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem as a second original heat input source for reverse storage temperature, so that the energy storage efficiency is improved; the heat storage cycle and the heat release cycle are mutually independent and can be carried out simultaneously, the energy charging proportion of the energy storage system convenient for peak regulation of the power grid can be mutually adjusted along with the influence of seasons and weather, and the maximum peak regulation capability can be exerted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power grid peak shaving, in particular to an energy storage power station and an energy storage system special for power grid peak shaving.
Background
With the advance of energy cleaning transformation and the increase of random fluctuation on the load side, the balance characteristics and the mode of a power system are changing deeply, the difficulty of maintaining the balance of the system is increased, and the problem of lack of peak regulation resources is increasingly highlighted. The peak regulation capability of the current power production end is insufficient, and the bottleneck is encountered by the 'double-carbon' target implementation seriously depending on thermal power peak regulation. The peak regulation capability of hydropower is restricted by the condition of incoming water, obvious difference exists in rich and dry seasons, flood control, irrigation and shipping needs also need to be considered, and the regulation capability in the dry season is stronger, but the rich season is basically full. The output power of the photovoltaic is in direct proportion to the solar illumination intensity, and the photovoltaic has electricity only when light exists, so that obvious seasonal and sunshine influences exist, the output energy is concentrated, and the power grid cannot be consumed when the illumination is strong. The wind power generation is also strongly influenced by weather and seasons, has obvious intermittence, and can generate power at night. The nuclear power is a basic load operation mode, and is fully generated all the year round based on the consideration of safety and economy. Most of the peak regulation tasks at present are undertaken by thermal power, but the peak regulation tasks are exactly energy sources which need to gradually exit from the main position under the double-carbon target. Meanwhile, the current power load of the power grid has the characteristics of peaking and peaking, and the power load is concentrated in 6-00: the early peak of 00 and the late peak of 16. Therefore, in the face of the contradiction between power supply and demand, new energy power generation with obvious intermittent characteristics and power grid peak regulation and energy storage are combined, and the matching between a future energy production end and a future energy demand end is finely adjusted.
The existing large-scale energy storage tower type photo-thermal demonstration power station only has a photo-thermal power generation technology which can combine new energy power generation, energy storage and power grid peak regulation, can realize large-scale energy storage power generation, stores molten nitrate salt after being heated in a sensible heat mode, and carries out 24h uninterrupted power generation and peak-regulation frequency modulation. The current photo-thermal power generation technology has the following four bottlenecks or defects:
(1) The energy storage density is not high, the scale effect of the photo-thermal power station is restricted by the huge molten salt storage tank of the photo-thermal power station, and the concentrated heat collection and scale power generation are the maximum advantages of the photo-thermal technology, but the power generation power cannot be improved to the 1400MW scale like nuclear power due to the low energy storage density.
(2) The energy storage function is not improved to the core position of the power station in the photo-thermal working process, the limited heat energy storage carrier leads to the fact that the molten salt storing the heat energy in a sensible heat form must be recycled, 24-hour power generation of the photo-thermal power station is also a forced choice after considering the maximum utilization of the energy efficiency, the electric energy can not be released only in the peak period of the load demand, and the peak regulation capacity is still insufficient.
(3) The multifunctional complementation is lacked, the design in the aspects of utilization and storage of the valley electricity of the power grid is not provided, and the functional design of storing, buffering and energy storage aiming at the peak power of photovoltaic and the night valley electricity of wind power and releasing the peak load of the power grid is not provided.
(4) In order to realize large-scale heat storage, besides the high-density heat storage material, a set of high-efficiency and rapid heat charging and discharging thermodynamic system is required to be provided to improve the efficiency loss and grade loss in the heat charging and discharging process of the heat storage pool. The field is blank at home and abroad, a thermal storage image battery is not developed in a closed and modularized direction, and at present, commercial heat storage is also a heat charging and discharging process of molten salt through a conventional heat exchanger in an active circulation mode of a molten salt pump, so that the efficiency is low, and the heat charging and discharging is long and inconvenient; the high-grade heat energy at the photothermal heat absorber part is temporarily stored and transferred by the molten salt heat storage system, and is changed into low-grade heat energy when used for power generation, so that the overall heat efficiency of the power station is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the traditional energy storage system for peak regulation of the power grid cannot provide large-scale peak regulation power generation due to low energy storage density, has insufficient peak regulation capacity and lacks multi-energy complementation, so that the overall thermal efficiency of a power station is low; the invention aims to provide an energy storage power station and a system special for power grid peak shaving, which are structurally improved based on an original energy storage system, based on that a photo-thermal subsystem and a valley-electricity heating subsystem are used as heat input sources, large-scale, high-density and high-grade heat energy storage is completed based on the cooperation between a salt heat storage subsystem and an independent phase-change heat storage subsystem which is independently packaged and automatically charged and discharged, and the processes of charging the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem and taking heat from the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem to generate electricity are efficiently completed in a heat storage cycle stage and a heat discharge cycle stage; meanwhile, the valley electricity part which is not absorbed by the power grid is directly connected to the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem as a second original heat input source to reversely store heat energy, so that the energy storage efficiency is improved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
this scheme provides an energy storage system who is exclusively used in power grid peak shaving, includes:
the photo-thermal subsystem is used for collecting solar heat as a first original heat input source;
the valley electricity heating subsystem is used for taking the valley electricity part which is not consumed by the power grid as a second original heat input source;
the independent phase change heat storage subsystem is a closed natural circulation loop and is used for storing heat;
the salt heat storage subsystem is used for storing waste heat after the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem stores full heat;
in the heat storage cycle stage, heat is stored to the independent phase change heat storage subsystem or the salt heat storage subsystem by using the first original heat input source or the second original heat input source; in the heat release cycle stage, the independent phase change heat storage subsystem or the salt heat storage subsystem is used as a power generation heat source to generate power; the heat storage cycle and the heat release cycle are independent of each other and can be performed simultaneously.
The working principle of the scheme is as follows: the traditional energy storage system for peak regulation of the power grid cannot provide large-scale peak regulation power generation due to low energy storage density, has insufficient peak regulation capacity and lacks multi-energy complementation, so that the overall thermal efficiency of a power station is low; according to the scheme, the photo-thermal subsystem and the valley electric heating subsystem are used as heat input sources, the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem and the salt heat storage subsystem which are independently packaged and automatically charged and discharged are matched to finish large-scale, high-density and high-grade heat energy storage, and the processes of charging heat to the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem and taking heat from the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem to generate electricity are finished efficiently in the heat storage cycle stage and the heat release cycle stage; meanwhile, the valley electricity part which is not absorbed by the power grid is directly connected to the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem as a second original heat input source to reversely store heat energy, so that the energy storage efficiency is improved. The heat storage cycle and the heat release cycle are independent and can be carried out simultaneously, the energy charging proportion of the energy storage system convenient for power grid peak regulation is adjusted mutually along with the influence of seasons and weather, and the maximum peak regulation capacity is exerted.
The further optimization scheme is that the energy storage system can operate in a single-peak mode and a double-peak mode;
the operation in unimodal mode comprises: the solar-thermal subsystem is used as a heat source to store heat energy for the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem and the salt heat storage subsystem in the daytime, and the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem and the salt heat storage subsystem are used as power generation heat sources to generate power in the evening peak period, so that a heat storage and release cycle is completed; (ii) a
The operation in the bimodal mode includes:
the solar-thermal heating subsystem is used as a heat source to store heat energy for the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem and the salt heat storage subsystem in the daytime, the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem and the salt heat storage subsystem are used as power generation heat sources to generate power at the early power consumption peak, the valley power heating subsystem is used for reversely storing heat at night, and the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem is used as a power generation heat source to generate power at the power consumption peak in the next morning.
The energy storage system can operate in two load modes: a unimodal mode of operation and a bimodal mode of operation. In a single-peak operation mode, heat storage circulation is carried out in the daytime (8-00). Under the doublet operating mode, after the heat energy that independent phase transition heat-retaining subsystem stored daytime generates electricity at the evening and supplies power, 23 ~ 6 at night in the time period of 00 millet electricity open millet electric heating subsystem, can't consume the millet electricity and reversely store, convert the heat energy in the independent phase transition heat-retaining subsystem into, at 6:00 in the early peak period, heat is released to generate electricity, and two heat charge and discharge cycles are completed; the period of time is overlapped with the heat charging period of the next cycle, the heat storage cycle and the heat release cycle of the energy storage system are started simultaneously, and the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem is used for charging heat and releasing heat. Under the double-peak operation mode, the photo-thermal subsystem energy storage in 8 hours in the daytime and the valley-electricity conversion energy storage in 7 hours at night can mutually adjust the energy charging proportion along with the influence of seasons and weather, and the maximum peak regulation capacity is exerted.
The further optimization scheme is that the part of the valley electricity which is not consumed by the power grid comprises photovoltaic peak power and wind power peak power. The wind and light energy storage device solves the problem of intermittency and maneuverability of wind and light energy and the like, buffers and stores energy, and improves the power grid acceptance and utilization rate of wind and light energy.
This scheme still provides an energy storage power station of electric wire netting peak shaving is exclusively used in for realize the above-mentioned energy storage system of electric wire netting peak shaving of being exclusively used in, include:
the heliostat field and the photo-thermal heat absorber form a photo-thermal subsystem;
the heat release molten salt heat exchanger, the phase change heat storage ball bed storage tank and the heat storage molten salt heat exchanger are connected in series to form a natural circulation loop to form an independent phase change heat storage subsystem;
the valley electricity heating subsystem is connected on the heat storage molten salt heat exchanger in parallel, so that heat is stored to the independent phase change heat storage subsystem by using a second original heat input source;
the photo-thermal subsystem, the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem and the heat storage molten salt circulating pump form a heat storage cycle to realize heat storage from the first original heat input source to the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem;
the cold salt storage tank, the heat release molten salt circulating pump, the photo-thermal heat absorber and the hot salt storage tank are connected in series to form a salt heat storage subsystem;
the dynamic thermoelectric conversion system is arranged between the cold salt storage tank and the hot salt storage tank;
the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem, the hot salt storage tank, the dynamic thermoelectric conversion system, the cold salt storage tank and the heat release molten salt circulating pump form a heat release cycle, and the salt heat storage subsystem is used as a power generation heat source to generate power.
The photothermal subsystem is used as a first original heat source in the daytime and is electrically heated by valley electricity at night to be used as a second original heat source, and the photothermal subsystem adopts a tower type photothermal technology, so that the photothermal subsystem has the important advantages that the light-gathering multiple is high, and the heat transfer fluid heated in the photothermal heat absorber can easily reach higher working temperature (when the light-gathering ratio is 1000, the central temperature of the light receiving surface of the heat absorber can reach 1300 ℃). The tower type photo-thermal subsystem consisting of the heliostat group for tracking the sun, the heat absorption tower and the heat absorber can lead the working medium of the heat charge and discharge circulation loop to be in the liquid state with the lowest temperature T under the normal pressure in the heat absorber D Heating to the liquid state maximum working temperature. The peak value electric power of photovoltaic can be directly accessed to the phase change heat storage system for reverse storage through the valley electricity heating system when the power grid can not be consumed, and the peak value electric power becomes a third original heat source of the energy storage power station when the illumination resources are sufficient in summer.
The independent phase change heat storage subsystem forms a relatively independent module unit because of forming a closed natural circulation loop, can be maintained and replaced in blocks, and has the following working procedures: in the stage of heat filling, the heat filling molten salt heat exchanger or the valley electricity heating subsystem is started, the heat releasing molten salt heat exchanger is empty (no working medium is arranged on the shell side), the heat transfer working medium is heated at the position of the heat filling molten salt heat exchanger or the valley electricity heating subsystem, the heat transfer working medium flows through the heat storage ball bed of the phase change heat storage ball bed storage tank and then becomes a cold fluid, the cold fluid flows back to the heat filling molten salt heat exchanger or the valley electricity heating subsystem to be heated again, the heat storage ball bed of the phase change heat storage ball bed storage tank is automatically heated and stores heat under the natural circulation, and when the phase change energy storage working medium reaches the highest working temperature T G Stopping heat charging, wherein the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem is fully charged; in the heat release stage, the heat release molten salt exchanges heatThe device is started, the valley electricity heating subsystem is closed, the heat filling molten salt heat exchanger is vacant (no working medium is arranged on the pipe side), the heat transfer working medium is cooled at the heat releasing molten salt heat exchanger, flows through the heat storage ball bed to become a hot fluid, and then flows back to the heat releasing molten salt heat exchanger to be cooled again, and the stored heat energy is continuously released in a natural circulation manner.
The further optimization scheme does, phase transition heat-retaining ball bed storage tank includes: al-Si alloy with the phase transition temperature of 577 ℃ is used as a material and is filled into a spherical shell with the thickness of h to form the constant-diameter heat storage spherical bed.
The further optimization scheme is that the phase change heat storage ball bed storage tank is located at the top of a hot section of the natural circulation loop, the heat storage molten salt heat exchanger is located at the bottom of the hot section of the natural circulation loop, and the heat release molten salt heat exchanger is located at the top of a cold section of the natural circulation loop.
Further optimization scheme does, phase transition heat-retaining ball bed storage tank, cold salt storage tank and hot salt storage tank all set double-deck pressure container into based on heat-resistant type stainless steel, wherein:
electroplating a pure nickel coating with the thickness of 1-3 mm inside the inner pressure container wall;
placing a plurality of heat shields in the middle interlayer, vacuumizing to less than or equal to 100Pa, wherein the heat shields are made of silver-plated layers on the surfaces of plastic films, and nano heat-insulating materials are uniformly filled between every two heat shields;
the outer surface of the outer pressure-bearing container is wound with aluminum silicate fiber heat-insulating cotton.
The further optimization scheme is that the energy storage power station special for power grid peak shaving further comprises: the first, second, third, fourth and fifth block valves;
the first isolating valve is arranged between the heat storage molten salt heat exchanger and the hot salt storage tank; the second isolating valve is arranged between the heat release molten salt circulating pump and the photo-thermal heat absorber; the third isolating valve is arranged between the heat release molten salt heat exchanger and the hot salt storage tank; the fourth isolating valve is arranged between the heat-releasing molten salt circulating pump and the heat-releasing molten salt heat exchanger; the fifth isolating valve is arranged between the heat storage molten salt heat exchanger and the heat storage molten salt circulating pump.
The further optimized scheme is that KCl-LiCl eutectic molten salt or lead-bismuth eutectic alloy is used asThe heat transfer working medium of the independent phase change heat storage subsystem, the heat transfer working medium of the salt heat storage subsystem, the heat storage cycle working medium and the heat release cycle working medium are adopted; wherein the dynamic thermoelectric conversion system can also use water and steam, or supercritical CO 2 Is a working medium.
The maximum heat storage quantity of the phase-change heat storage ball bed storage tank is the heat quantity collected by the single-day thermal subsystem under the average sunshine in the local summer; the maximum heat storage capacity of the hot salt storage tank is the difference heat storage capacity between the local average maximum sunshine in summer and the local average sunshine in summer.
The invention uses the high-density phase-change heat storage material to store heat in a large scale, and uses the solid-liquid phase-change material with small volume change, large phase-change latent heat, high phase-change heat conductivity coefficient, stable structure at high temperature, unreduced performance of phase-change circulation for multiple times, inactive chemical properties and environment-friendly phase-change material as a heat storage main body; the phase change heat storage material is filled into a spherical shell with a certain thickness when in a liquid state to form a heat storage ball, and the spherical shell has a larger heat conductivity coefficient; and (4) finishing the phase change circulation of the single balls, testing the dense accumulation of the non-leakage small balls, and accumulating the small balls in the high-temperature-resistant corrosion-resistant cylinder to form an isodiametric ball bed.
The heat storage molten salt heat exchanger and the heat release molten salt heat exchanger both adopt a shell-and-tube structure, in order to improve natural circulation capacity and reduce circulation resistance as much as possible, a tube pass and a shell pass are both designed to be 1, hot fluid flows through the tube pass, cold fluid flows through the shell pass, the hot fluid flows in from high to low and flows out from low to high, and the cold fluid flows in from low to high, so that a high-efficiency high-density heat storage pool which can automatically charge and release heat by depending on natural force is formed.
The energy storage power station special for power grid peak shaving takes an independent phase change heat storage subsystem as a core, a heat storage circulation loop and a heat release circulation loop are constructed, and a material with good heat transfer performance and heat storage performance is used as a double-circulation loop working medium.
In the heat storage cycle stage, a photo-thermal subsystem or a valley electric heating subsystem is used as a heat source to store heat in the phase-change heat storage system; and in the heat release cycle stage, the independent phase change heat storage subsystem is used as a heat source to generate electricity in the peak period of electricity utilization. Energy storage power stations can operate in two load modes: a unimodal mode of operation and a bimodal mode of operation.
The Al-Si alloy with higher phase-change temperature is used as a phase-change heat storage material, so that the heat storage system stores higher-grade heat energy, and when KCl-LiCl eutectic molten salt is used as a heat transfer working medium of the heat storage system and a heat charging and discharging double-cycle working medium of a power station, the temperatures of a cold salt storage tank and a hot salt storage tank are respectively 400 ℃ and 577 ℃; when the lead bismuth eutectic alloy is used as a heat transfer working medium of a heat storage system and a heat charging and discharging double-circulation working medium of a power station, the temperatures of the cold and hot storage tanks are 150 ℃ and 577 ℃ respectively, the heat efficiency is about 15% higher than that of most of the existing photothermal power stations, and particularly, the lead bismuth alloy with low melting point and wide temperature threshold is used as the heat transfer working medium, so that the energy efficiency of energy storage, heat charging and discharging and the heat efficiency of thermoelectric power generation can be greatly improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the invention provides an energy storage power station and system special for power grid peak shaving; based on the photo-thermal subsystem and the valley electric heating system as heat input sources, the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem and the salt heat storage subsystem which are independently packaged and automatically charged and discharged are matched to finish large-scale, high-density and high-grade heat energy storage, and the processes of charging heat to the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem and taking heat from the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem to generate electricity are efficiently finished in a heat storage cycle stage and a heat release cycle stage; meanwhile, the part of valley electricity which is not consumed by the power grid is used as a second original heat input source and is directly connected to the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem for reverse storage temperature, so that the energy storage efficiency is improved. The heat storage cycle and the heat release cycle are independent and can be carried out simultaneously, the energy charging proportion of the energy storage system convenient for power grid peak regulation is adjusted mutually along with the influence of seasons and weather, and the maximum peak regulation capacity is exerted.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that those skilled in the art may also derive other related drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an energy storage power station dedicated to peak shaving of a power grid;
reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings:
the system comprises a 1-heat release molten salt heat exchanger, a 2-phase change heat storage pebble bed storage tank, a 3-heat storage molten salt heat exchanger, a 4-cold salt storage tank, a 5-heat release molten salt circulating pump, a 6-photo-thermal heat absorber, a 7-hot salt storage tank, an 8-dynamic thermoelectric conversion system, a 9-heat storage molten salt circulating pump, a 10-first isolating valve, a 11-second isolating valve, a 12-third isolating valve, a 13-fourth isolating valve, a 14-fifth isolating valve, a 15-heliostat field and a 16-valley electric heater.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an energy storage system who is exclusively used in electric wire netting peak shaver, includes:
the photo-thermal subsystem is used for collecting solar heat as a first original heat input source;
the valley electricity heating subsystem is used for taking the valley electricity part which is not consumed by the power grid as a second original heat input source;
the independent heat storage subsystem is a closed natural circulation loop and is used for storing heat;
the salt heat storage subsystem is used for storing waste heat after the independent heat storage subsystem stores full heat;
in the heat storage cycle stage, heat is stored in the independent heat storage subsystem or the salt heat storage subsystem by the first original heat input source or the second original heat input source; in the heat release cycle stage, the independent phase change heat storage subsystem or the salt heat storage subsystem is used as a power generation heat source to generate power; the heat storage cycle and the heat release cycle are independent of each other and can be performed simultaneously.
The energy storage system can operate in a unimodal mode and a bimodal mode;
the operation in unimodal mode comprises: the salt heat storage subsystem is used as a power generation heat source to generate power in the daytime, and the independent heat storage subsystem is used as a power generation heat source to generate power at the peak of power consumption in the evening, so that a heat storage and heat release cycle is completed;
the operation in the bimodal mode includes: the salt heat storage subsystem is used as a power generation heat source to generate power in the daytime, the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem is used as a power generation heat source to generate power in the peak of power consumption in the evening, the valley electricity heating subsystem is used for reversely storing heat in the night, and the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem is used as a power generation heat source to generate power in the peak of power consumption in the next morning.
The part of the electric network which is not absorbed by the valley power comprises photovoltaic peak power and wind power peak power.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an energy storage power station special for power grid peak shaving, which is used for realizing the energy storage system special for power grid peak shaving described in the previous embodiment,
firstly, the site selection of the energy storage power station has the characteristics of abundant solar energy resources, flat terrain, no clouds and little rain all the year round and the like, and the desert gobi in the west of Qinghai and Gansu is optimal, so that the site selection can be matched and combined with power sources such as large photovoltaic power stations and wind power stations to form an energy base with complementary advantages. In northwest weather, the temperature difference between day and night is large, and the valley electricity generated by wind power at night can be used for carrying out heat tracing and heat preservation on the heat storage part and equipment of the energy storage power station (the heating wire is wound in the aluminum silicate fiber heat preservation cotton of the storage tank, the pipeline and the equipment, and the heat preservation is carried out by reducing the temperature gradient).
As shown in fig. 1, the energy storage power station dedicated to power grid peak shaving comprises:
the heliostat field 15 and the photo-thermal heat absorber 6 form a photo-thermal subsystem;
the heat release molten salt heat exchanger 1, the phase change heat storage ball bed storage tank 2 and the heat storage molten salt heat exchanger 3 are connected in series to form a natural circulation loop to form an independent phase change heat storage subsystem;
the valley electricity heating subsystem is connected on the heat storage molten salt heat exchanger 3 in parallel, so that heat is stored to the independent phase change heat storage subsystem by using a second original heat input source; in the embodiment, the valley electric heater 16 is used for representing the valley electric heating subsystem, and the valley electric heater 16 is connected to the heat storage molten salt heat exchanger 3 in parallel.
The photo-thermal subsystem, the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem and the heat storage molten salt circulating pump 9 form a heat storage cycle to realize heat storage from the first original heat input source to the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem;
a cold salt storage tank 4, a heat release molten salt circulating pump 5, a photo-thermal heat absorber 6 and a hot salt storage tank 7 are connected in series to form a salt heat storage subsystem;
the dynamic thermoelectric conversion system 8 is arranged between the cold salt storage tank 4 and the hot salt storage tank 7;
an independent phase-change heat storage subsystem, a hot salt storage tank 7, a dynamic thermoelectric conversion system 8, a cold salt storage tank 4 and a heat release molten salt circulating pump 5 form a heat release cycle, and the salt heat storage subsystem is used as a power generation heat source to generate power.
Phase change heat storage ball bed storage tank 2 includes: al-Si alloy with the phase transition temperature of 577 ℃ is used as a material and is filled into a spherical shell with the thickness of h to form the constant-diameter heat storage spherical bed.
The Al-Si alloy has excellent heat conductivity and phase change latent heat (515 kJ/kg), is stable to heat, has small phase change volume change, has higher stored heat energy grade due to higher phase change temperature, is beneficial to improving the thermoelectric conversion efficiency, and has higher heat conductivity (180W/(m.k)) which is also the basis for realizing quick heat charging and discharging of the phase change material. The phase change energy storage material Al-Si alloy is filled into a spherical shell (the sphere diameter is 100 mm) made of pure nickel with a certain thickness under liquid state and normal pressure, the dense accumulation of the leaked small spheres is tested by single-sphere phase change circulation, and an isodiametric spherical bed is formed by the accumulation in a 321 stainless steel cylinder. The phase change heat storage ball bed storage tank 2 is positioned at the top of a hot section of the natural circulation loop, the heat storage molten salt heat exchanger 3 is positioned at the bottom of the hot section of the natural circulation loop, and the heat release molten salt heat exchanger 1 is positioned at the top of a cold section of the natural circulation loop.
Phase transition heat-retaining ball bed storage tank 2, cold salt storage tank 4 and hot salt storage tank 7 all set to double-deck pressure vessel based on heat-resistant type stainless steel, wherein:
electroplating a pure nickel coating with the thickness of 1-3 mm in the inner layer pressure container wall;
placing a plurality of heat shields in the middle interlayer, vacuumizing to less than or equal to 100Pa, wherein the heat shields are made of silver-plated layers on the surfaces of plastic films, and nano heat-insulating materials are uniformly filled between every two heat shields;
the energy storage power station special for power grid peak shaving also comprises: the first isolating valve 10 is arranged between the heat storage molten salt heat exchanger 3 and the hot salt storage tank 7 and serves as a heat storage circulation isolating valve; the second isolating valve 11 is arranged between the heat release molten salt circulating pump 5 and the photo-thermal heat absorber 6 and serves as a heat storage circulating salt supplementing branch isolating valve; the third isolating valve 12 is arranged between the heat release molten salt heat exchanger 1 and the hot salt storage tank 7 and serves as a heat release circulating isolating valve; the fourth isolating valve 13 is arranged between the heat release molten salt circulating pump 5 and the heat release molten salt heat exchanger 1 and is used as a hot salt storage inlet isolating valve; and a fifth isolating valve 14 is arranged between the heat storage molten salt heat exchanger 3 and the heat storage molten salt circulating pump 9 and is used as an isolating valve of a heat release circulating hot salt storage inlet.
KCl-LiCl eutectic molten salt or lead-bismuth eutectic alloy is used as a heat transfer working medium of an independent phase-change heat storage subsystem, a heat transfer working medium of a salt heat storage subsystem, a heat storage circulating working medium and a heat release circulating working medium; the dynamic thermoelectric conversion system can also use water and water vapor as working media. When KCl-LiCl eutectic molten salt with the melting point of 353 ℃ is used as a heat transfer working medium, the heat storage density in the equal-diameter spherical bed storage tank reaches 1539.76MJ/m 3 The energy storage density is much higher than that of the Solar Salt molten Salt which is commercially used at present (obviously, the energy storage density is 757.76MJ/m 3 ) And Hitec fused salt (apparently energy storage density 809.89MJ/m 3 )
The maximum heat storage quantity of the phase-change heat storage ball bed storage tank 2 is the heat quantity collected by the single-day thermal subsystem under the average sunshine in the local summer.
When salt is injected into a natural circulation loop of the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem for the first time and salt is injected into a cold salt storage tank for the first time, KCl-LiCl eutectic molten salt is melted in a molten salt furnace in an argon atmosphere to a certain superheat degree in advance, high-purity argon is continuously blown in from the bottom of a molten salt pool to perform scavenging circulation, and after the oxygen concentration in the molten salt furnace and the oxygen concentration in the molten salt pool are reduced to be very low, the molten salt is pressurized and released into a natural circulation loop and a heat charging and discharging dual-circulation loop of the phase-change heat storage system which is filled with argon and circulates for multiple times.
The working state is as follows:
in the daytime (8. The biggest heat storage volume of independent phase change heat-retaining subsystem is the heat that single day tower light and heat system collected under the average sunshine in local summer, so, if the average sunshine volume in summer is exceeded in the day sunshine, independent phase change heat-retaining subsystem stores up the full heat (heat transfer fused salt temperature is invariable at 650 ℃ in the ball bed hole), open by cold salt storage tank 4, heat release fused salt circulating pump 5, light and heat absorber 6, the solar waste heat storage system that hot salt storage tank 7 is constituteed, beat the cold salt in cold salt storage tank 4 to light and heat absorber department through heat release fused salt circulating pump 5 and heat the back and store in hot salt storage tank 7, store up with the mode of hot salt sensible heat, the biggest heat storage volume of hot salt storage tank 7 is the difference heat storage volume under average biggest sunshine and the average sunshine in summer, the hot salt storage tank also stores up the light of abandoning after the full heat. The condition that the sunshine is insufficient in the daytime and the average sunshine is the most in summer is achieved, and the phase-change heat storage system is not full of heat at the moment. When the sunshine is insufficient in winter, spring and autumn all day, the part which is difficult to be absorbed by the power grid in the photovoltaic peak power in the day can be connected to the valley electric heating subsystem for supplementing and storing energy.
In the evening (16. The dynamic thermoelectric conversion system 8 positioned between the hot salt storage tank 7 and the cold salt storage tank 4 can adopt water and water vapor as working media, a steam generator and a steam turbine carry out Rankine cycle power generation, and supercritical CO can also be adopted 2 And the microchannel heat exchanger and the gas turbine are used for performing Brayton cycle power generation as working media. The flexible control function for refining and participating in peak shaving is mainly embodied in two aspects: (1) the heat release cycle is started only when power generation is needed; the heat release cycle can be closed without power generation, and the phase change heat storage system can store heat for a long time. (2) The heat release cycle is started to generate electricity due to the hot salt storage tankThe temporary storage function can control the output of heat power by adjusting the rotating speed of the heat-releasing molten salt pump 1 and the salt outflow flow of the hot salt storage tank 7, and the requirement diversity of a load end is met. The temperature of the molten salt fluid transmitted in the phase-change heat storage system in the power generation process is constant to T D Stopping at 400 ℃ to ensure that the molten salt is in a liquid state.
At night (23.
In the next morning (early peak period of 6-11: 00), the heat release molten salt circulating pump 5 is started, the heat release cycle of the energy storage power station is started, cold salt (KCl-LiCl eutectic molten salt at 400 ℃) in the cold salt storage tank 4 is conveyed to the shell side of the heat release molten salt heat exchanger 1 through the heat release molten salt circulating pump 5 to be heated, the heated molten salt flows into the hot salt storage tank 7 to wait for power generation, and the cold salt which has generated power returns to the cold salt tank storage tank 4.
The early morning 8; the grade of the heat energy of the energy storage system can be just supplemented by the heat collected by the light-heat system which is weaker in early morning, so that the high heat efficiency of the power generation in early morning is maintained.
11: and stopping the heat release cycle of the power station at the time 00, finishing the second heat storage and release cycle and starting the heat storage stage specially focusing on the next cycle.
The energy storage power station takes an independent phase change heat storage subsystem as a core, a heat storage circulation loop and a heat release circulation loop are constructed, and a material with good heat transfer performance and heat storage performance is used as a double-circulation loop working medium. In the heat storage cycle stage, a photo-thermal subsystem or a valley electric heating subsystem is used as a heat source to store heat in the independent phase-change heat storage system; and in the heat release cycle stage, an independent phase change heat storage system is used as a heat source to generate electricity at the peak time of electricity utilization. The energy storage plant can operate in two load modes: a unimodal mode of operation and a bimodal mode of operation.
The working medium and equipment materials of the energy storage power station are selected as shown in table 1, and the aspects of material compatibility, corrosion protection, environmental friendliness and the like are considered on the basis of meeting the thermal performance. Table 2 shows the operating parameters of the energy storage power station, and it can be found that the Al-Si alloy with higher phase transition temperature enables the heat storage system to store higher-grade heat energy, and when KCl-LiCl eutectic molten salt is used as a heat transfer working medium of the heat storage system and a heat charging and discharging dual cycle working medium of the power station, the temperatures of the cold and hot salt storage tanks are 400 ℃ and 577 ℃ respectively; when the lead bismuth eutectic alloy is used as a heat transfer working medium of a heat storage system and a heat charging and discharging double-circulation working medium of a power station, the temperatures of the cold and hot storage tanks are 150 ℃ and 577 ℃, the heat efficiency is greatly superior to that of most of the existing photothermal power stations by about 15%, and particularly, the lead bismuth alloy with low melting point and wide temperature threshold is used as the heat transfer working medium, so that the energy efficiency of energy storage, heat charging and discharging and the heat efficiency of thermoelectric power generation can be greatly improved.
TABLE 1 energy storage power station materials selection
TABLE 2 operating parameters of energy storage power stations
When the heat transfer working medium of the energy storage power station adopts chloride fused salt, three heat storage tanks are all designed into a double-layer pressure-bearing container by heat-resistant 321 or 316 stainless steel, the wall thickness of the inner-layer pressure container is thickened, 1-3 mm of pure nickel coating is electroplated inside the container (the stainless steel with lower heat conductivity coefficient is a heat-insulating layer), 5 layers of heat shields are placed in an intermediate layer and vacuumized to be less than 100Pa, five layers of heat shields are made of silver-plated layers on the surfaces of plastic films, nano heat-insulating materials (the heat conductivity coefficient at 600 ℃ is 0.05W/(m.K)) are uniformly filled between every two layers, and aluminum silicate fiber heat-insulating cotton is wound on the outer surface of the outer-layer pressure-bearing container.
The transmission pipeline in the energy storage power station also adopts the design of a double-layer pressure-bearing pipeline, at least 3 layers of heat shields made of silver-plated layers on the surfaces of plastic films are uniformly arranged in an interlayer at intervals, the interval materials of the heat shields are made of nano heat-insulating materials, the interlayer is periodically vacuumized to be less than 100Pa, and aluminum silicate fiber heat-insulating cotton is wrapped on the surface of the outermost pipeline.
The partition valve and the circulating pump used in the energy storage power station are designed into a vacuum heat preservation cavity, a multilayer heat shield is arranged in the vacuum cavity, a void degree instrument and an air suction opening are designed, when the valve and the pump are connected with a storage tank and a pipeline, an inner container and an inner container are connected, and an outer vacuum cavity are connected and are not in direct contact with each other.
In addition, the whole system is compactly arranged, centralized heat storage is carried out (the centralized heat storage in the phase change heat storage tank, a cold salt storage tank and a hot salt storage tank are used for temporary storage loop circulation, the size is small), the length of a pipeline is shortened, and storage tank interfaces are reduced (each storage tank is provided with two interfaces, one inlet and one outlet).
The energy storage power station adopts a pure nickel metal container and is additionally provided with comprehensive anti-corrosion measures of oxygen control and electrochemical anti-corrosion. The liquid state corrosivity of the phase change heat storage material (Al-Si alloy) is not strong, the phase change heat storage material Al-Si alloy is loaded by manufacturing the spherical shell by using a pure nickel metal material, the inner wall of the nickel spherical shell is pre-oxidized before loading, and the liquid state Al-Si alloy is deoxidized. In KCl-LiCl molten salt and lead-bismuth eutectic alloy, the most important is the corrosivity of chloride ions and oxygen ions under the oxygen-containing condition, and meanwhile, pure nickel coatings (1-3 mm) are electroplated on the wall surfaces of all pipelines, heat exchangers, storage tanks, valves and pumps which are in contact with the molten salt. Secondly, controlling the oxygen concentration in the molten salt, deoxidizing when the molten salt is filled for the first time, injecting hydrogen and controlling oxygen in the process of operating the molten salt loop, and controlling the oxygen concentration in the molten salt to be a very low level all the time; when salt is injected into a natural circulation loop of the phase change energy storage system for the first time and salt is injected into a cold salt tank for the first time, KCl-LiCl eutectic molten salt is melted in a molten salt furnace in an argon atmosphere to a certain superheat degree in advance, high-purity argon is continuously used for blowing in from the top of a molten salt pool, scavenging circulation is carried out until the oxygen concentration in the molten salt furnace and the molten salt pool is reduced to be very low, and then the molten salt furnace is fed backAnd releasing pure molten salt into a natural circulation loop and a heat charge and discharge circulation loop of the phase change heat storage system which is filled with argon and circulates for many times by pressurizing. Meanwhile, a salt discharge port is arranged at the lowest point of the heat charge and discharge circulation loop, a thick magnesium block is welded on a blind plate cover of the salt discharge port, molten salt in the heat charge and discharge circulation loop is used as a solution, a nickel-plated layer on the wall of a pipeline container is used as a cathode, a magnesium block is used as an anode to form a primary battery, the nickel-plated layer is protected from being corroded by the magnesium block with strong reducibility, the magnesium block is replaced when salt is changed every time, and a small amount of MgCl entering the molten salt 2 It will improve the thermal conductivity of the molten salt and lower the melting point, beneficial and harmless.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An energy storage system dedicated to grid peak shaving, comprising:
the photo-thermal subsystem is used for collecting solar heat as a first original heat input source;
the valley electricity heating subsystem is used for taking the valley electricity part which is not consumed by the power grid as a second original heat input source;
the independent phase change heat storage subsystem is a closed natural circulation loop and is used for storing heat;
the salt heat storage subsystem is used for storing waste heat after the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem stores full heat;
in the heat storage cycle stage, heat is stored to the independent phase change heat storage subsystem or the salt heat storage subsystem by using the first original heat input source or the second original heat input source; in the heat release cycle stage, the independent phase change heat storage subsystem or the salt heat storage subsystem is used as a power generation heat source to generate power; the heat storage cycle and the heat release cycle are independent of each other and can be performed simultaneously.
2. The energy storage system special for power grid peak shaving according to claim 1, wherein the energy storage system can operate in a single-peak mode and a double-peak mode;
the operation in unimodal mode comprises: the solar-thermal subsystem is used as a heat source to store heat energy for the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem and the salt heat storage subsystem in the daytime, and the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem and the salt heat storage subsystem are used as power generation heat sources to generate power at the peak of electricity consumption in the evening, so that a heat storage and heat release cycle is completed;
the operation in the bimodal mode includes: the solar-thermal subsystem is used as a heat source to store heat energy for the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem and the salt heat storage subsystem in the daytime, the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem and the salt heat storage subsystem are used as power generation heat sources to generate power in the evening peak, the valley electricity heating subsystem is used for reverse heat storage in the night, and the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem is used as a power generation heat source to generate power in the next morning peak.
3. The energy storage system special for grid peak shaving according to claim 2, wherein the part of the grid without the absorbed valley electricity comprises photovoltaic peak electricity and wind peak electricity.
4. An energy storage power station special for power grid peak shaving, which is used for realizing the energy storage system special for power grid peak shaving of any one of claims 1-3, and comprises the following components:
the heliostat field (8) and the photo-thermal heat absorber (6) form a photo-thermal subsystem;
the heat release molten salt heat exchanger (1), the phase change heat storage ball bed storage tank (2) and the heat storage molten salt heat exchanger (3) are connected in series to form a natural circulation loop to form an independent phase change heat storage subsystem;
the valley electricity heating subsystem is connected in parallel to the heat storage molten salt heat exchanger (3) to realize heat storage from the second original heat input source to the independent phase change heat storage subsystem;
the photo-thermal subsystem, the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem and the heat storage molten salt circulating pump (9) form a heat storage cycle to realize heat storage from the first original heat input source to the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem;
a cold salt storage tank (4), a heat release molten salt circulating pump (5), a photo-thermal heat absorber (6) and a hot salt storage tank (7) are connected in series to form a salt heat storage subsystem;
the dynamic thermoelectric conversion system (8) is arranged between the cold salt storage tank (4) and the hot salt storage tank (7);
the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem, the hot salt storage tank (7), the dynamic thermoelectric conversion system (8), the cold salt storage tank (4) and the heat release molten salt circulating pump (5) form a heat release cycle, and power generation is realized by taking the independent phase-change heat storage subsystem and the salt heat storage subsystem as power generation heat sources.
5. The energy storage power plant dedicated to power grid peak shaving according to claim 4, characterized in that said phase change thermal storage pebble bed storage tank (2) comprises: al-Si alloy with the phase transition temperature of 577 ℃ is used as a material and is filled into a spherical shell with the thickness of h to form the constant-diameter heat storage spherical bed.
6. The energy storage power station special for power grid peak shaving according to claim 4, characterized in that the phase change heat storage pebble bed storage tank (2) is located at the top of the hot section of the natural circulation loop, the heat storage molten salt heat exchanger (3) is located at the bottom of the hot section of the natural circulation loop, and the heat release molten salt heat exchanger (1) is located at the top of the cold section of the natural circulation loop.
7. The energy storage power plant dedicated to power grid peak shaving according to claim 4, characterized in that the phase change heat storage pebble bed storage tank (2), the cold salt storage tank (4) and the hot salt storage tank (7) are all arranged as double pressure bearing containers based on heat resistant stainless steel, wherein:
electroplating a pure nickel coating with the thickness of 1-3 mm in the inner layer pressure container wall;
placing a plurality of heat shields in the middle interlayer, vacuumizing to less than or equal to 100Pa, wherein the heat shields are made of silver-plated layers on the surfaces of plastic films, and nano heat-insulating materials are uniformly filled between every two heat shields;
the outer surface of the outer layer pressure-bearing container is wound with the aluminum silicate fiber heat-insulating cotton.
8. The energy storage plant dedicated to power grid peak shaving according to claim 4, characterized by further comprising: a first block valve (10), a second block valve (11), a third block valve (12), a fourth block valve (13) and a fifth block valve (14);
the first isolating valve (10) is arranged between the heat storage molten salt heat exchanger (3) and the hot salt storage tank (7);
the second isolating valve (11) is arranged between the heat-releasing molten salt circulating pump (5) and the photo-thermal heat absorber (6);
the third isolating valve (12) is arranged between the heat release molten salt heat exchanger (1) and the hot salt storage tank (7);
the fourth isolating valve (13) is arranged between the heat release molten salt circulating pump (5) and the heat release molten salt heat exchanger (1);
the fifth isolating valve (14) is arranged between the heat storage molten salt heat exchanger (3) and the heat storage molten salt circulating pump (9).
9. The energy storage power station special for power grid peak shaving according to claim 4, characterized in that KCl-LiCl eutectic molten salt or lead bismuth eutectic alloy is used as a heat transfer working medium of an independent phase change heat storage subsystem, a heat transfer working medium of a salt heat storage subsystem, a cycle working medium of heat storage cycle and a cycle working medium of heat release cycle; wherein the dynamic thermoelectric conversion system can use water and steam, or supercritical CO 2 Is a working medium.
10. The energy storage power station special for power grid peak shaving according to claim 5, characterized in that the maximum heat storage capacity of the phase change heat storage pebble bed storage tank (2) is the heat collected by the single solar thermal subsystem under the average sunshine in local summer; the maximum heat storage capacity of the hot salt storage tank (7) is the difference heat storage capacity between the local summer average maximum sunshine and the local summer average sunshine.
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