CN115752058A - Efficient mixed heat storage and energy conversion system with coupled molten salt and phase-change heat storage material - Google Patents
Efficient mixed heat storage and energy conversion system with coupled molten salt and phase-change heat storage material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-efficiency mixed heat storage and energy conversion system with coupled molten salt and phase-change heat storage materials, which comprises a molten salt storage tank, a heat absorption end heat exchange device and a heat release end heat exchange device, wherein the heat absorption end heat exchange device is communicated with the molten salt storage tank; the heat release end heat exchange device is communicated with the fused salt storage tank, a plurality of layers of phase change materials with different phase change point temperatures are stacked in the fused salt storage tank, and the phase change point temperatures of the plurality of layers of phase change materials are gradually reduced along the flowing direction of the high-temperature fused salt during energy storage. The invention adopts the mode of coupling the phase-change material and the molten salt to store heat, the phase-change material is matched with the temperature change trend of the heat exchange fluid (molten salt) to carry out phase-change module arrangement according to the mode of gradually changing the phase-change point temperature, the uniformity of the temperature in the molten salt storage tank is ensured, the temperature of a heat transfer medium is stable, and compared with the traditional sensible heat storage of the molten salt, the volume of the system can be reduced by 30-40%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heating and heat storage systems, in particular to a high-efficiency mixed heat storage and energy conversion system with coupled molten salt and phase-change heat storage materials.
Background
The heat storage technology plays an important role in solving the intermittent problem of renewable energy sources, improving the utilization efficiency of the energy sources and the like. The heat storage technology can realize scale technically and economically, and has the advantages of high energy density, long service life, various utilization modes and high comprehensive heat utilization efficiency.
Currently, the heat storage technology can be classified into 3 types of sensible heat storage, latent heat storage, and thermochemical heat storage according to the heat storage manner. The molten salt heat storage is widely applied to the field of photo-thermal power generation as sensible heat storage and latent heat storage, and a molten salt heat storage system and a steam generation system are mature, stable and reliable through the photo-thermal power station practice technology. In addition to applications in the field of photo-thermal power generation, the molten salt heat storage technology is also beginning to be applied to the fields of steam heating heat storage and supply and valley electricity heating and supply.
The fused salt heat storage technology is characterized in that a fused salt energy storage system is heated by high-temperature and high-pressure steam, high-grade steam heat is stored, or valley electricity is used for heating the fused salt energy storage system, high-parameter steam is generated during heat release, and the fused salt heat storage technology can be used for power generation and industrial steam supply or civil heating. For the molten salt heat storage technology, double-tank heat storage and single-tank heat storage are mostly adopted at present, and although the molten salt heat storage technology is applied to a certain extent in engineering at present, as the penetration proportion of renewable energy in an energy supply structure in China continuously climbs, the problem of consumption of renewable energy provides higher requirements for system parameters (such as heat storage time and heat supply amount) of the molten salt heat storage technology, and a plurality of key problems which still need to be solved urgently are introduced. Generally, the volume of the storage tank is increased by prolonging the heat storage time, the diameter and the height of the storage tank are increased on the premise of meeting the reasonable design of the storage tank, and the energy consumption of the initial molten salt is increased; secondly, because the storage tank is large in size, the temperature uniformity effect cannot be guaranteed, the temperature of a heat transfer medium is unstable, the heat storage effect is influenced, and low-temperature solidification or high-temperature decomposition of molten salt can be caused. In order to improve the adjusting capacity of the molten salt heat storage tank, the energy storage density of the molten salt heat storage tank needs to be improved as much as possible, the stability and uniformity of the molten salt temperature in the operation process are improved, and the stability and flexibility of the energy storage process are guaranteed.
Chinese patent CN108117860a discloses a heat conduction enhanced fused salt composite phase change material, a heat storage device and an energy storage method, the phase change material adopted by the heat conduction enhanced fused salt composite phase change material is an expanded graphite composite phase change material, the phase change material is spherical and is accumulated in the fused salt in a filling manner, the temperature of the high-temperature fused salt is gradually reduced when the high-temperature fused salt passes through the phase change material, the heat exchange temperature difference between the phase change material and the fused salt is unstable, the heat exchange rate is gradually reduced to cause the heat charging and discharging efficiency of the system to be low, and meanwhile, the temperature of the high-temperature fused salt after reaching the phase change material of the tail layer may be lower than the temperature of the phase change material, so that the phase change material of the tail layer cannot complete phase change absorption heat, thus, the temperature uniformity effect cannot be guaranteed, the temperature of the heat transfer medium is unstable, the heat storage effect is influenced, and the low-temperature solidification or high-temperature decomposition of the fused salt may be caused.
Chinese patent CN110159379a discloses a multi-stage heat pump type double-tank molten salt energy storage power generation system, which includes: the high-temperature molten salt storage tank, the low-temperature molten salt storage tank, the high-temperature antifreeze fluid reservoir, the low-temperature antifreeze fluid reservoir, a compressor, a first heat pump, a low-temperature molten salt pump, a high-temperature molten salt pump, a turbine, a second heat pump, a high-temperature antifreeze fluid pump, a low-temperature antifreeze fluid pump, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger and a generator. The system adopts fused salt energy storage, the fused salt energy storage effect is limited, when the required stored energy is larger, a larger fused salt storage tank is usually required to store more fused salt, and the occupied volume is too large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-efficiency mixed heat storage and energy conversion system with coupled molten salt and a phase-change heat storage material, which aims to solve the technical problems of uneven temperature, large volume and the like of a molten salt storage tank in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a high-efficiency mixed heat storage and energy conversion system with coupled molten salt and phase-change heat storage materials, which comprises a molten salt storage tank, a heat absorption end heat exchange device and a heat release end heat exchange device, wherein a molten salt inlet of the heat absorption end heat exchange device is communicated with a molten salt outlet of the molten salt storage tank through a low-temperature molten salt pump, and a molten salt outlet of the heat absorption end heat exchange device is communicated with the molten salt storage tank; the fused salt inlet of the heat release end heat exchange device is communicated with the fused salt outlet of the fused salt storage tank through a high-temperature fused salt pump, the fused salt outlet of the heat release end heat exchange device is communicated with the fused salt storage tank, a plurality of layers of phase change materials with different phase change point temperatures are stacked and installed in the fused salt storage tank, and the phase change point temperatures of the plurality of layers of phase change materials are gradually reduced along the flowing direction of the high-temperature fused salt during energy storage.
The arrangement scheme of the phase-change material adopts an efficient heat transfer arrangement method based on the matching of the phase-change temperature and the temperature of the heat exchange fluid, namely the phase-change material is matched with the temperature change trend of the heat exchange fluid (molten salt) to carry out phase-change module arrangement according to the mode of gradually changing the phase-change point temperature. Use the highest position to arrange the phase change material that phase transition point temperature is the highest as an example, for the even stability of each aspect fused salt temperature distribution in guaranteeing the fused salt storage tank, the lower one deck is arranged according to being less than the certain phase transition point temperature of last one deck, top-down analogizes in proper order, high temperature fused salt flows through phase change material temperature and reduces gradually during the energy storage, and the phase change temperature point of the phase change material that conducts heat with high temperature fused salt also correspondingly reduces, maintain the heat transfer difference in phase change material and fused salt among the heat transfer process, make every layer of phase change material all can reach the phase transition point temperature and accomplish the phase transition heat absorption through selecting for use suitable phase change material, make the temperature stable in the fused salt storage tank, improve heat transfer effect and reduce when guaranteeing that storage tank import and export fused salt temperature is stable
And (4) loss.
Preferably, each layer of phase change material comprises a plurality of phase change material modules, each phase change material module comprises a plurality of phase change material units, each phase change material unit is provided with a molten salt flow channel which penetrates up and down, the molten salt flow channel at the top layer is communicated with a molten salt inlet on the molten salt storage tank, the molten salt flow channels on the adjacent two layers of phase change material modules are communicated, and the molten salt pore channel at the bottom layer is communicated with a molten salt outlet on the molten salt storage tank; a plurality of phase change material modules are detachably arranged in the molten salt storage tank. The phase-change material adopts a modular form, the technology is mature, the contact area of the molten salt and the phase-change material is large, convection heat transfer is facilitated, the temperature uniformity is good, the integral heat exchange of the phase-change material is facilitated, and the heat exchange power of the system is increased.
Preferably, the molten salt storage tanks are two in number, and the bottoms of the two molten salt storage tanks are communicated. When the molten salt in one molten salt storage tank releases heat, the high-temperature molten salt stored in the other molten salt storage tank is conveyed to the heat-releasing molten salt storage tank under the action of pressure to supplement the high-temperature molten salt. The energy storage and the energy discharge are completed by repeated circulation. The energy loss in the process of storing and releasing heat is greatly reduced, and the energy storage rear end can be used more flexibly and more conveniently.
Preferably, the phase change materials of each layer are different composite salt phase change materials, the phase change point temperature of the phase change material module with the highest phase change point temperature is 650 ℃, and the difference value of the phase change point temperatures of the two adjacent layers of phase change materials is 50-100 ℃.
Preferably, the phase change material module further comprises a frame, the phase change material units are integrated in the frame, the molten salt runners on the two adjacent layers of the phase change material modules are connected in a staggered mode, and the phase change material in each phase change material module accounts for 50% -75% of the volume of the whole phase change material module. The frame can adopt 316L or alloy material, can be high temperature resistant corrosion-resistant, and single module frame can bear the high load from the phase change material unit. The molten salt runners of the two adjacent layers are connected in a staggered mode, so that the molten salt can be in heat transfer with the phase-change materials in different vertical directions, and the molten salt is prevented from being in full contact with the phase-change materials to transfer heat.
Preferably, the bottom of the molten salt storage tank is provided with a structural beam, two sides of the structural beam are fixedly connected with the inner wall of the molten salt storage tank, the phase-change materials are stacked and mounted on the structural beam, the bottom of the structural beam is provided with a support steel pipe, and two ends of the support steel pipe are respectively fixedly connected with the structural beam and the bottom of the molten salt storage tank; the bottom of the fused salt storage tank is provided with a fused salt electric heater.
Preferably, the emergency molten salt storage tank is communicated with the emergency molten salt storage tank through an emergency molten salt pump, and a molten salt electric heater is arranged in the emergency molten salt storage tank. When the fused salt storage tank fails, the fused salt is pumped out and stored, and the fused salt is heated by the fused salt electric heater to stop the fused salt from solidifying.
Preferably, the top of fused salt storage tank is equipped with the top shunt, and the top shunt is put through with the fused salt entry at fused salt storage tank top, and the fused salt runner of top layer is put through to the top shunt, and the bottom of fused salt storage tank is equipped with the bottom shunt, and the fused salt entry switch-on of bottom shunt and fused salt storage tank bottom, the fused salt runner of bottom is put through to the bottom shunt. The top splitter and the bottom splitter are used for enabling the molten salt to uniformly enter the molten salt storage tank at the axial speed, and the temperature stability of the system is further improved.
Preferably, the heat absorption end heat exchange device comprises a steam sensible heat exchanger and an electric heat exchanger, a molten salt inlet of the steam sensible heat exchanger is communicated with a molten salt outlet of the molten salt storage tank through a low-temperature molten salt pump, and a molten salt outlet of the steam sensible heat exchanger is communicated with the molten salt storage tank; the fused salt inlet of the electric heat exchanger is communicated with the fused salt outlet of the fused salt storage tank through a low-temperature fused salt pump, and the fused salt outlet of the electric heat exchanger is communicated with the fused salt storage tank.
Preferably, the heat release end heat exchange device comprises a steam superheater, a steam generator, a preheater and a water pump for pumping demineralized water, wherein a molten salt inlet of the steam superheater is communicated with a molten salt outlet of a molten salt storage tank through a high-temperature molten salt pump, a molten salt inlet of the steam generator is communicated with a molten salt outlet of the steam superheater, a molten salt inlet of the preheater is communicated with a molten salt outlet of the steam generator, and a molten salt outlet of the preheater is communicated with a molten salt inlet of the molten salt storage tank; the water pump is connected with the water inlet of the preheater, the water inlet of the steam generator is connected with the water outlet of the preheater, and the water inlet of the steam superheater is connected with the water outlet of the steam generator.
The steam superheater can be a heat exchanger, and also can be formed by connecting a plurality of heat exchangers in series or in parallel; the steam generator can be one heat exchanger, and can also be formed by connecting a plurality of heat exchangers in series or in parallel; the preheater can be one heat exchanger, or a plurality of heat exchangers can be connected in series or in parallel; the sensible heat steam exchanger can be formed by connecting a plurality of heat exchangers (including a preheater, a superheater and a reheater) in series or in parallel.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention relates to a high-efficiency mixed heat storage and energy conversion system with coupled molten salt and phase change heat storage materials, which stores heat by adopting a mode of coupling phase change materials with the molten salt, the phase change materials are arranged in a phase change module by matching the temperature change trend of heat exchange fluid (molten salt) according to a mode of gradually changing the temperature of a phase change point, a plurality of layers of phase change materials with different phase change temperatures are arranged in a molten salt storage tank, the phase change temperature of the phase change materials is gradually reduced along the flowing direction of the molten salt, the stable heat exchange temperature difference and the heat exchange rate of the phase change materials and the molten salt can be maintained, the optimal heat storage effect and the optimal energy utilization rate can be simultaneously achieved, the uniformity of the temperature in the molten salt storage tank is ensured, the temperature of a heat transfer medium is stable, and the quick, high-efficiency and stable heat storage and heat release of the system are realized.
2. The invention takes the coupling of the fused salt and the phase-change heat storage material as the heat storage medium, and the phase-change material has the characteristics of large latent heat of phase change, narrow phase-change temperature area and the like, so compared with the sensible heat storage of the fused salt, the size of the heat storage system can be obviously reduced, the volume of the fused salt storage tank is reduced, the invention is suitable for reforming a power plant or a power plant with limited site, and compared with the traditional sensible heat storage of the fused salt, the volume of the system can be reduced by 30-40%.
3. The invention takes the coupling of the fused salt and the phase-change heat storage material as the heat storage medium, and uses the phase-change material with relatively low price to replace part of the fused salt, thereby greatly reducing the usage amount of the fused salt in the initial stage and lowering the investment cost.
4. The invention adopts the phase-change material to improve the heat storage quantity of the heat storage medium per unit volume-mass, reduces the melting time of the initial molten salt, and the salt melting speed is greatly improved by only overcoming the phase-change latent heat of the molten salt, the time is reduced by more than 30 percent, and the energy consumption for electric heating is also reduced.
5. The addition of the phase-change material enables the temperature of the molten salt medium in the molten salt storage tank to be stable, the relative heat dissipation capacity to be reduced, the efficiency of the heat storage system to be improved, and the heat storage efficiency of the system to be more than 95%.
6. The phase-change material utilizes latent heat as a temperature stabilizer, and can avoid the problem of molten salt caking caused by too low temperature due to heat dissipation as far as possible.
7. The phase change material module adopts the modularized design, and simple structure can design different specification and size according to the heat-retaining ability of system, and phase change material in the module is kept apart with the storage tank simultaneously, avoids causing the high temperature corrosion to the storage tank, and phase change material's selection has flexibility and variety.
8. The invention adopts double-tank circulation energy storage, is flexibly arranged, and improves the flexible operation performance and energy storage capacity of the system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a high efficiency hybrid heat storage and energy conversion system with molten salt coupled with phase change heat storage material according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a high efficiency hybrid heat storage and energy conversion system with molten salt coupled with phase change heat storage material according to example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the inside of a molten salt storage tank according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of phase change material modules within a molten salt storage tank according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a phase change material module of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the connection of two adjacent layers of phase change material modules.
In the figure: 1-molten salt storage tank, 2-Wen Rongyan storage tank, 3-phase-change material module, 4-molten salt electric heater, 51-top splitter, 52-bottom splitter, 6-high-temperature molten salt pump, 7-electric molten salt valve, 8-steam superheater, 9-steam generator, 10-preheater, 11-low-temperature molten salt pump, 12-electric heat exchanger, 13-water pump, 14-accident molten salt pump, 15-accident molten salt box, 16-steam sensible heat exchanger, 17-communicating pipe, 18-phase-change material unit, 19-frame, 20-molten salt runner, 21-pipe fitting, 22-structural beam, and 23-support steel pipe.
Detailed Description
For further understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, which are provided for illustration of the present invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 and 3-6, the invention relates to a high-efficiency mixed heat storage and energy conversion system with coupled molten salt and phase-change heat storage material, which comprises a molten salt storage tank, a heat absorption end heat exchange device and a heat release end heat exchange device, wherein a molten salt inlet of the heat absorption end heat exchange device is communicated with a molten salt outlet of the molten salt storage tank through a low-temperature molten salt pump 11, and a molten salt outlet of the heat absorption end heat exchange device is communicated with the molten salt storage tank; the fused salt inlet of the heat release end heat exchange device is communicated with the fused salt outlet of the fused salt storage tank through the high-temperature fused salt pump 6, the fused salt outlet of the heat release end heat exchange device is communicated with the fused salt storage tank, a plurality of layers of phase change materials with different phase change point temperatures are stacked and installed in the fused salt storage tank, and the phase change point temperatures of the plurality of layers of phase change materials are gradually reduced along the flowing direction of the high-temperature fused salt during energy storage.
The fused salt storage tank sets up two in this embodiment, fused salt storage tank 1 and fused salt storage tank 2, and two fused salt storage tank bottoms are through communicating pipe 17 intercommunication. When the molten salt in one molten salt storage tank releases heat, the high-temperature molten salt stored in the other molten salt storage tank is conveyed to the heat-releasing molten salt storage tank under the action of pressure to be supplemented. The energy storage and the energy discharge are completed by repeated circulation. The energy loss in the process of storing and releasing heat is greatly reduced, and the energy storage rear end can be used more flexibly and more conveniently.
The arrangement scheme of the phase-change material adopts an efficient heat transfer arrangement method based on matching of the phase-change temperature and the temperature of the heat exchange fluid, namely the phase-change material is matched with the temperature change trend of the heat exchange fluid (molten salt) to carry out phase-change module arrangement according to the mode of gradually changing the phase-change point temperature. Referring to fig. 4 to 6, each layer of phase change material includes a plurality of phase change material modules 3, each phase change material module 3 includes a plurality of phase change material units 18, each phase change material unit 18 is provided with a molten salt flow channel 20 penetrating up and down, each molten salt flow channel 20 of the top layer is communicated with a molten salt inlet through a top flow divider 51 on a molten salt storage tank, the molten salt flow channels 20 on two adjacent layers of phase change material modules 3 are communicated in a staggered manner through pipe fittings 21, each molten salt pore channel of the bottom layer is communicated with a molten salt outlet on the molten salt storage tank through a bottom flow divider 52 on the molten salt storage tank, the top flow divider 51 and the bottom flow divider 52 are used for enabling molten salt to enter the molten salt storage tank with uniform axial velocity, the molten salt flow channels of two adjacent layers are connected in a staggered manner through the pipe fittings 21 so that the molten salt can transfer heat with the phase change material in different vertical directions, thereby fully contacting the phase change material to transfer heat, avoiding the influence of the temperature of the inner section of the molten salt storage tank on the molten salt heat transfer, and maintaining the uneven heat exchange temperature of the phase change material and the molten salt in the heat exchange processPoor, ensures the stable temperature of the fused salt at the inlet and the outlet of the storage tank, improves the heat exchange effect and reduces
And (4) loss. A plurality of phase change material modules 3 are detachably installed in the fused salt storage tank, and phase change material adopts the modularization form, and the technology is mature, and fused salt and phase change material area of contact is big, does benefit to convection heat transfer, and the temperature uniformity is good, does benefit to phase change material's whole heat transfer, can increase the heat transfer power of system.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, in the present embodiment, 6 layers of phase change material modules are disposed in the molten salt storage tank 1 and the molten salt storage tank 2, the phase change materials of the layers are different composite salt phase change materials, the size of the modules is 1100 × 1100 × 1000mm, the phase change temperature of each layer of phase change material module is different, the phase change temperature of the uppermost layer of phase change material is 650 ℃, and the temperature is 550 ℃, 450 ℃, 350 ℃, 250 ℃ and 200 ℃ in sequence. In this embodiment, the composite salt phase-change materials sequentially selected for each layer of phase-change material module from top to bottom are as follows:
NaF-MgF 2 (75:25)；
Na 2 CO 3 -KCl-NaCl(41.69:33.1:25.21)；
NaCl-MgCl 2 (48:52)；
NaCl-KCL-LiCl(34.81:32.29:32.9)；
NaCl-MgCl 2 (50:50)；
KNO 3 -NaNO 3 (40:60)。
referring to fig. 5, the phase change material module 3 further includes a frame 19, the phase change material units 3 are integrated in the frame 19, and the volume of the phase change material in each phase change material module is 50% to 75% of the volume of the whole phase change material module. The frame can adopt 316L or alloy material, can be high temperature resistant corrosion-resistant, and single module frame can bear the high load from the phase change material unit.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3-4, in the embodiment, a structural beam 22 is disposed between 1 meter and 1.5 meters at the bottom of the molten salt storage tank 1 and the bottom of the molten salt storage tank 2, two sides of the structural beam 22 are fixedly connected with the inner wall of the molten salt storage tank, the phase-change material modules 3 are stacked and mounted on the structural beam 22, a support steel pipe 23 is disposed at the bottom of the structural beam 22, and two ends of the support steel pipe 23 are respectively fixedly connected with the structural beam and the bottom of the molten salt storage tank. The bottom parts of the fused salt storage tank 1 and the fused salt storage tank 2 are provided with fused salt electric heaters 4.
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment further includes an accident molten salt tank 15, the accident molten salt tank 15 is connected to the molten salt storage tank 1 and the molten salt storage tank 2 through an accident molten salt pump 14, and a molten salt electric heater 4 is disposed in the accident molten salt tank 15. When the fused salt storage tank fails, the fused salt is pumped out and stored, and the fused salt is heated and released by the fused salt electric heater 4 to stop the fused salt from solidifying.
Referring to fig. 1, the heat absorption end heat exchange device includes a steam sensible heat exchanger 16 and an electric heat exchanger 12, a molten salt inlet of the steam sensible heat exchanger 16 is connected with molten salt outlets of a molten salt storage tank 1 and a molten salt storage tank 2 through a low-temperature molten salt pump 11, and a molten salt outlet of the steam sensible heat exchanger 16 is connected with the molten salt storage tank 1 and the molten salt storage tank 2; the fused salt inlet of the electric heat exchanger 12 is respectively communicated with the fused salt outlets of the fused salt storage tank 1 and the fused salt storage tank 2 through the low-temperature fused salt pump 11, and the fused salt outlet of the electric heat exchanger 12 is respectively communicated with the fused salt storage tank 1 and the fused salt storage tank 2. The heat release end heat exchange device comprises a steam superheater 8, a steam generator 9, a preheater 10 and a water pump 13 for pumping demineralized water, wherein a molten salt inlet of the steam superheater 8 is respectively communicated with molten salt outlets of a molten salt storage tank 1 and a molten salt storage tank 2 through a high-temperature molten salt pump 6, a molten salt inlet of the steam generator 9 is communicated with a molten salt outlet of the steam superheater 8, a molten salt inlet of the preheater 10 is communicated with a molten salt outlet of the steam generator 9, and a molten salt outlet of the preheater 10 is respectively communicated with molten salt inlets of the molten salt storage tank 1 and the molten salt storage tank 2; the water pump 13 is connected with the water inlet of the preheater 10, the water inlet of the steam generator 9 is connected with the water outlet of the preheater 10, and the water inlet of the steam superheater 8 is connected with the water outlet of the steam generator 9.
The heat storage process of the molten salt and the phase-change material comprises the following steps:
new energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy and the like and low-cost off-peak electricity are used as energy sources, or reheat/superheated steam from a thermal power station is used for storing energy by heating molten salt and phase-change materials in the molten salt storage tank 1 and the molten salt storage tank 2. Taking the molten salt storage tank 1 as an example, the low-temperature molten salt is conveyed from the bottom of the molten salt storage tank 1 to the electric heat exchanger 12 or the steam sensible heat exchanger 16 through the low-temperature molten salt pump 11 to be heated into the high-temperature molten salt, the heated high-temperature molten salt enters the molten salt storage tank 1 from the upper part through the top flow divider 51, and flows with uniform axial velocity are formed under the action of the top flow divider 51, so that the phase-change material in the phase-change material module 3 is heated from top to bottom. The phase-change material absorbs heat to be stored in the phase-change process, the temperature of the molten salt is slowly reduced from top to bottom, the low-temperature molten salt pump 11 is continuously operated to heat the low-temperature molten salt into high-temperature molten salt, the operation is circulated until the phase-change of the phase-change material is completed, and the temperature of the molten salt in the tank is kept stable from top to bottom to be regarded as heat storage completion. In the embodiment, an electric molten salt valve 7 is arranged in front of the electric heat exchanger 12 and the steam sensible heat exchanger 16, and the electric molten salt valve can be switched to the molten salt storage tank 2 for heat storage. The heat storage process of the molten salt storage tank 2 is the same. In the heat storage process, electric energy or steam is converted into heat energy.
Molten salt and phase change material exothermic process:
use fused salt storage tank 1 as an example, high temperature fused salt is as the heating source, carry through high temperature fused salt pump 6, from the upper portion output of fused salt storage tank, pass through steam superheater 8 in proper order, steam generator 9 and pre-heater 10, the heating comes from the demineralized water after stepping up through water pump 13, the demineralized water forms the middling pressure steam after being heated and supplies the end user to use (can directly supply heat or get into steam turbine power generation heat supply/electricity user and use), become low temperature fused salt after the high temperature fused salt is exothermic, carry to fused salt storage tank 1 bottom through bottom shunt 52 under the effect of high temperature fused salt pump 6, from lower supreme high temperature phase change material of flowing through, high temperature phase change material heats low temperature fused salt into high temperature fused salt, circulate in proper order, until the fused salt temperature in the jar keeps stable and regards as exothermic completion. In the embodiment, the electric molten salt valves 7 are arranged at the inlet of the steam superheater and the outlet of the preheater, and the molten salt storage tank 1 and the molten salt storage tank 2 can be mutually switched. The exothermic process of the molten salt storage tank 2 is the same. In the exothermic process, the thermal energy is converted to electrical energy or steam for downstream use.
Molten salt circulation process:
the bottom of the molten salt storage tank 1 is communicated with the bottom of the molten salt storage tank 2 through a communicating pipe 17, and when the molten salt in the molten salt storage tank 1 releases heat, the high-temperature molten salt stored in the molten salt storage tank 2 is conveyed to the molten salt storage tank 1 under the action of pressure to be supplemented. The energy storage and release processes are completed by the repeated circulation.
In the present embodiment, a plurality of electric molten salt valves 7 are installed in the system to control the flow of molten salt in the system, and it is conventional in the art to set the corresponding valves according to the flow mode required by the fluid in the system, and details are not described herein.
Taking the matched heat storage capacity of 50MWh as an example, the high-temperature molten salt is 700 ℃, the low-temperature molten salt is 290 ℃, and the traditional process comprises the following steps: the heat storage efficiency is 90 percent, and the total volume of the two molten salt storage tanks is about 380m 3 The salt dissolving time is about 15 hours, the electric heating power is about 450kw, the steam consumption is about 11t/h, the steam generation amount is about 6.7t/h, and the initial molten salt amount is about 610 tons.
The coupling process of the molten salt and the phase-change heat storage material comprises the following steps: the heat storage efficiency can reach 95 percent, and the total volume of the two molten salt storage tanks is about 260m 3 The salt dissolving time is about 10 hours, the electric heating power is about 280kw, the steam consumption is about 6t/h, the steam generation amount is about 9.5t/h, the initial molten salt amount is about 350 tons, and the phase change material amount is about 160 tons.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 2 to 6, the invention relates to a high-efficiency mixed heat storage and energy conversion system with coupled molten salt and phase-change heat storage material, which comprises a molten salt storage tank 1, a heat absorption end heat exchange device and a heat release end heat exchange device, wherein a molten salt inlet of the heat absorption end heat exchange device is communicated with a molten salt outlet of the molten salt storage tank 1 through a low-temperature molten salt pump 11, and a molten salt outlet of the heat absorption end heat exchange device is communicated with the molten salt storage tank 1; the fused salt inlet of the heat release end heat exchange device is communicated with the fused salt outlet of the fused salt storage tank 1 through the high-temperature fused salt pump 6, the fused salt outlet of the heat release end heat exchange device is communicated with the fused salt storage tank 1, a plurality of layers of phase change materials with different phase change point temperatures are stacked in the fused salt storage tank 1, and the phase change point temperatures of the plurality of layers of phase change materials are gradually reduced along the flowing direction of the high-temperature fused salt during energy storage.
The arrangement scheme of the phase-change material adopts an efficient heat transfer arrangement method based on phase-change temperature and heat exchange fluid temperature matching, namely the phase-change material is matched with the temperature change trend of the heat exchange fluid (molten salt) according to the mode of phase-change point temperature gradient to carry out phase-change module distributionAnd (4) placing. Referring to fig. 4 to 6, each layer of phase change material includes a plurality of phase change material modules 3, each phase change material module 3 includes a plurality of phase change material units 18, each phase change material unit 18 is provided with a molten salt flow channel 20 penetrating up and down, each molten salt flow channel 20 of the top layer is communicated with a molten salt inlet through a top shunt 51 on the molten salt storage tank, the molten salt flow channels 20 on two adjacent layers of phase change material modules 3 are communicated in a staggered manner through a pipe 21, each molten salt pore channel of the bottom layer is communicated with a molten salt outlet on the molten salt storage tank through a bottom shunt 52 on the molten salt storage tank, the top shunt 51 and the bottom shunt 52 are used for enabling molten salt to enter the molten salt storage tank with uniform axial velocity, the molten salt flow channels of two adjacent layers are connected in a staggered manner through the pipe 21 so that the molten salt can transfer heat with the phase change material in different vertical directions, thereby fully contacting the phase change material to transfer heat, avoiding influence of the internal section temperature of the molten salt storage tank on the molten salt heat transfer, maintaining uneven heat exchange temperature difference between the phase change material and the molten salt in the heat exchange process, improving heat exchange effect and reducing the stable temperature of the molten salt storage tank at the same time
And (4) loss. A plurality of phase change material modules 3 are detachably installed in the fused salt storage tank, and phase change material adopts the modularization form, and the technology is mature, and fused salt and phase change material area of contact is big, does benefit to convection heat transfer, and the temperature uniformity is good, does benefit to phase change material's whole heat transfer, can increase the heat transfer power of system.
Referring to fig. 2 to 3, in the present embodiment, 6 layers of phase change material modules are arranged in the molten salt storage tank 1, the phase change materials of the layers are different composite salt phase change materials, the size of the modules is 1100 × 1100 × 1000mm, the phase change temperature of each layer of phase change material module is different, the phase change temperature of the phase change material of the uppermost layer is 650 ℃, and is 550 ℃, 450 ℃, 350 ℃, 250 ℃ and 200 ℃ in sequence. In this embodiment, the composite salt phase-change materials sequentially selected for each layer of phase-change material module from top to bottom are as follows:
NaF-MgF 2 (75:25)；
Na 2 CO 3 -KCl-NaCl(41.69:33.1:25.21)；
NaCl-MgCl 2 (48:52)；
NaCl-KCL-LiCl(34.81:32.29:32.9)；
NaCl-MgCl 2 (50:50)；
KNO 3 -NaNO 3 (40:60)。
referring to fig. 5, the phase change material module 3 further includes a frame 19, and a plurality of phase change material units 3 are integrated in the frame 19, wherein the volume of the phase change material in each phase change material module is 50% to 75% of the volume of the whole phase change material module. The frame can adopt 316L or alloy material, can be high temperature resistant corrosion-resistant, and single module frame can bear the high load from the phase change material unit.
Referring to fig. 2 to 4, in the embodiment, a structural beam 22 is disposed between 1 meter and 1.5 meters of the bottom of the molten salt storage tank 1, two sides of the structural beam 22 are fixedly connected with the inner wall of the molten salt storage tank, the phase change material modules 3 are stacked on the structural beam 22, a support steel pipe 23 is disposed at the bottom of the structural beam 22, and two ends of the support steel pipe 23 are respectively fixedly connected with the structural beam and the bottom of the molten salt storage tank. The bottom of the fused salt storage tank 1 is provided with a fused salt electric heater 4.
Referring to fig. 2, the present embodiment further includes an accident molten salt tank 15, the accident molten salt tank 15 is connected to the molten salt storage tank 1 through an accident molten salt pump 14, and a molten salt electric heater 4 is disposed in the accident molten salt tank 15. When the fused salt storage tank fails, the fused salt is pumped out and stored, and the fused salt is heated and released by the fused salt electric heater 4 to stop the fused salt from solidifying.
Referring to fig. 2, the heat absorption end heat exchange device includes a steam sensible heat exchanger 16 and an electric heat exchanger 12, a molten salt inlet of the steam sensible heat exchanger 16 is connected with a molten salt outlet of the molten salt storage tank 1 through a low-temperature molten salt pump 11, and a molten salt outlet of the steam sensible heat exchanger 16 is connected with the molten salt storage tank 1; the fused salt inlet of the electric heat exchanger 12 is respectively communicated with the fused salt outlet of the fused salt storage tank 1 through the low-temperature fused salt pump 11, and the fused salt outlet of the electric heat exchanger 12 is respectively communicated with the fused salt storage tank 1. The heat release end heat exchange device comprises a steam superheater 8, a steam generator 9, a preheater 10 and a water pump 13 for pumping demineralized water, wherein a molten salt inlet of the steam superheater 8 is respectively communicated with a molten salt outlet of a molten salt storage tank 1 through a high-temperature molten salt pump 6, a molten salt inlet of the steam generator 9 is communicated with a molten salt outlet of the steam superheater 8, a molten salt inlet of the preheater 10 is communicated with a molten salt outlet of the steam generator 9, and a molten salt outlet of the preheater 10 is respectively communicated with a molten salt inlet of the molten salt storage tank 1; the water pump 13 is connected with the water inlet of the preheater 10, the water inlet of the steam generator 9 is connected with the water outlet of the preheater 10, and the water inlet of the steam superheater 8 is connected with the water outlet of the steam generator 9.
The heat storage process of the molten salt and the phase-change material comprises the following steps:
new energy sources such as solar energy and wind energy and low-cost valley electricity are used as energy sources, or reheat/superheated steam from a thermal power station is used for storing energy by heating molten salt and phase-change materials in the molten salt storage tank 1 and the molten salt storage tank 2. The low-temperature molten salt is conveyed to the electric heat exchanger 12 or the steam sensible heat exchanger 16 from the bottom of the molten salt storage tank 1 through the low-temperature molten salt pump 11 to be heated into the high-temperature molten salt, the heated high-temperature molten salt enters the molten salt storage tank 1 from the upper part through the top splitter 51, flows with uniform axial speed are formed under the action of the top splitter 51, and the phase-change material in the phase-change material module 3 is heated from top to bottom. The phase-change material absorbs heat to be stored in the phase-change process, the temperature of the molten salt is slowly reduced from top to bottom, the low-temperature molten salt pump 11 is continuously operated to heat the low-temperature molten salt into high-temperature molten salt, the operation is circulated until the phase-change of the phase-change material is completed, and the temperature of the molten salt in the tank is kept stable from top to bottom to be regarded as heat storage completion.
Molten salt and phase change material exothermic process:
high temperature fused salt is as the heating source, carry through high temperature fused salt pump 6, output from the upper portion of fused salt storage tank, pass through steam superheater 8 in proper order, steam generator 9 and pre-heater 10, the heating comes from the demineralized water after stepping up through water pump 13, the demineralized water forms middling pressure steam after being heated and supplies the end user to use (can direct heat supply or get into steam turbine power generation heat supply/electric user and use), the high temperature fused salt becomes low temperature fused salt after releasing heat, carry to fused salt storage tank 1 bottom through bottom shunt 52 under the effect of high temperature fused salt pump 6, by the lower supreme high temperature phase change material that flows through, high temperature phase change material heats low temperature fused salt into high temperature fused salt, circulate in proper order, the fused salt temperature stability of going up in the jar is regarded as exothermic completion. In the exothermic process, the thermal energy is converted to electrical energy or steam for downstream use.
In the present embodiment, a plurality of electric molten salt valves 7 are installed in the system to control the flow of molten salt in the system, and it is conventional in the art to set the corresponding valves according to the flow mode required by the fluid in the system, and details are not described herein.
Taking the matched heat storage capacity of 50MWh as an example, the coupling process of the molten salt and the phase-change heat storage material comprises the following steps: the heat storage efficiency is 95 percent, and the volume of a single molten salt storage tank is about 130m 3 The salt dissolving time is about 10 hours, the electric heating power is about 280kw, the steam consumption is about 6t/h, the steam generation amount is about 9.5t/h, the initial molten salt amount is about 175 tons, and the phase change material amount is about 80 tons.
The invention relates to a fused salt and phase-change material heat storage system, wherein a phase-change material is added into an energy storage tank, so that the energy storage scale and capacity are greatly improved, the stability and flexibility of the energy storage process are ensured, and the fused salt and phase-change material heat storage system can be applied to the fields of photo-thermal power generation, steam heating, heat storage and heat supply, valley electricity heating and heat supply and the like.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, but the description is only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a high-efficient mixed heat-retaining and energy conversion system of fused salt and phase transition heat-retaining material coupling which characterized in that: the system comprises a molten salt storage tank, a heat absorption end heat exchange device and a heat release end heat exchange device, wherein a molten salt inlet of the heat absorption end heat exchange device is communicated with a molten salt outlet of the molten salt storage tank through a low-temperature molten salt pump, and a molten salt outlet of the heat absorption end heat exchange device is communicated with the molten salt storage tank; the fused salt inlet of the heat release end heat exchange device is communicated with the fused salt outlet of the fused salt tank through a high-temperature fused salt pump, the fused salt outlet of the heat release end heat exchange device is communicated with a fused salt storage tank, a plurality of layers of phase change materials with different phase change point temperatures are stacked and installed in the fused salt storage tank, and the phase change point temperatures of the plurality of layers of phase change materials are gradually reduced along the flowing direction of the high-temperature fused salt during energy storage.
2. The molten salt and phase change heat storage material coupled high efficiency hybrid heat storage and energy conversion system of claim 1, wherein: each layer of phase change material comprises a plurality of phase change material modules, each phase change material module comprises a plurality of phase change material units, each phase change material unit is provided with a molten salt flow channel which penetrates through the corresponding unit from top to bottom, the molten salt flow channel at the top layer is communicated with a molten salt inlet on the molten salt storage tank, the molten salt flow channels on the two adjacent layers of phase change material modules are communicated, and the molten salt pore channel at the bottom layer is communicated with a molten salt outlet on the molten salt storage tank; a plurality of phase change material modules are detachably installed in the molten salt storage tank.
3. The molten salt and phase change heat storage material coupled high efficiency hybrid heat storage and energy conversion system of claim 1, wherein: the fused salt storage tank sets up two, and two fused salt storage tank bottoms intercommunication.
4. The system of claim 1 in which the system is a high efficiency hybrid heat storage and energy conversion system of molten salt coupled with phase change heat storage materials, characterized by: the phase change materials of all layers are different composite salt phase change materials, the phase change point temperature of the phase change material module with the highest phase change point temperature is 650 ℃, and the difference value of the phase change point temperatures of two adjacent layers of phase change materials is 50-100 ℃.
5. The molten salt and phase change heat storage material coupled high efficiency hybrid heat storage and energy conversion system of claim 2, wherein: the phase-change material module also comprises a frame, a plurality of phase-change material units are integrated in the frame, molten salt runners on two layers of adjacent phase-change material modules are connected in a staggered mode, and the phase-change material in each phase-change material module accounts for 50% -75% of the volume of the whole phase-change material module.
6. The molten salt and phase change heat storage material coupled high efficiency hybrid heat storage and energy conversion system of claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the fused salt storage tank is provided with a structural beam, two sides of the structural beam are fixedly connected with the inner wall of the fused salt storage tank, the phase-change materials are stacked and installed on the structural beam, the bottom of the structural beam is provided with a support steel pipe, and two ends of the support steel pipe are respectively and fixedly connected with the structural beam and the bottom of the fused salt storage tank; the bottom of the fused salt storage tank is provided with a fused salt electric heater.
7. The molten salt and phase change heat storage material coupled high efficiency hybrid heat storage and energy conversion system of claim 1, wherein: the emergency molten salt storage tank is communicated with the emergency molten salt tank through an emergency molten salt pump, and a molten salt electric heater is arranged in the emergency molten salt tank.
8. The molten salt and phase change heat storage material coupled high efficiency hybrid heat storage and energy conversion system of claim 2, wherein: the top of fused salt storage tank is equipped with the top shunt, and the fused salt entry switch-on at top shunt and fused salt storage tank top, the fused salt runner of top shunt switch-on top layer, the bottom of fused salt storage tank are equipped with the bottom shunt, and the fused salt entry switch-on of bottom shunt and fused salt storage tank bottom, the fused salt runner of bottom shunt switch-on bottom.
9. The molten salt and phase change heat storage material coupled high efficiency hybrid heat storage and energy conversion system of claim 1, wherein: the heat absorption end heat exchange device comprises a steam sensible heat exchanger and an electric heat exchanger, a molten salt inlet of the steam sensible heat exchanger is communicated with a molten salt outlet of the molten salt storage tank through a low-temperature molten salt pump, and a molten salt outlet of the steam sensible heat exchanger is communicated with the molten salt storage tank; the fused salt inlet of the electric heat exchanger is communicated with the fused salt outlet of the fused salt storage tank through a low-temperature fused salt pump, and the fused salt outlet of the electric heat exchanger is communicated with the fused salt storage tank.
10. The molten salt and phase change heat storage material coupled high efficiency hybrid heat storage and energy conversion system of claim 1, wherein: the heat release end heat exchange device comprises a steam superheater, a steam generator, a preheater and a water pump for pumping demineralized water, wherein a molten salt inlet of the steam superheater is communicated with a molten salt outlet of a molten salt storage tank through a high-temperature molten salt pump; the water pump is connected with the water inlet of the preheater, the water inlet of the steam generator is connected with the water outlet of the preheater, and the water inlet of the steam superheater is connected with the water outlet of the steam generator.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116327480A (en) * | 2023-03-16 | 2023-06-27 | 湖南热福星医疗器械有限公司 | Phase change eye protection device and operation method thereof |
| CN116718059A (en) * | 2023-08-07 | 2023-09-08 | 山西中能天胜科技有限公司 | Power station peak shaving system and method based on high-capacity high-temperature molten salt energy storage |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116327480A (en) * | 2023-03-16 | 2023-06-27 | 湖南热福星医疗器械有限公司 | Phase change eye protection device and operation method thereof |
| CN116327480B (en) * | 2023-03-16 | 2024-01-19 | 湖南热福星医疗器械有限公司 | Phase change eye protection device and operation method thereof |
| CN116718059A (en) * | 2023-08-07 | 2023-09-08 | 山西中能天胜科技有限公司 | Power station peak shaving system and method based on high-capacity high-temperature molten salt energy storage |
| CN116718059B (en) * | 2023-08-07 | 2023-10-27 | 山西中能天胜科技有限公司 | Power station peak shaving system and method based on high-capacity high-temperature molten salt energy storage |
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