CN115710533A - Method for extracting wormwood essential oil from supramolecular L-carnitine malate NADES (sodium acetyldes) solvent - Google Patents
Method for extracting wormwood essential oil from supramolecular L-carnitine malate NADES (sodium acetyldes) solvent Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids
Abstract
The invention provides a method for extracting wormwood essential oil by using a supramolecular L-carnitine malate (NADES) solvent, which is a preparation method for extracting volatile components from wormwood by using the supramolecular L-carnitine malate (NADES) solvent to assist steam distillation, and filtering and removing impurities from the collected essential oil to obtain pure wormwood essential oil, wherein the supramolecular L-carnitine malate (NADES) solvent can accelerate the dissolution and damage of cell walls of wormwood cells, so that active substances in wormwood are promoted to flow out efficiently, and the yield of the essential oil and the variety of the active components are further improved effectively; the obtained wormwood essential oil has few impurities and bright color, can be used as a daily chemical product raw material to be added into products such as shampoo, bath foam, essence, toothpaste, mouthwash and the like, and has excellent antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant and other effects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wormwood volatile active ingredient extraction, in particular to a method for extracting wormwood essential oil by using a supramolecular L-carnitine malate NADES solvent.
Background
The wormwood, a plant of the genus artemisia of the family compositae, has the effects of warming and dredging channels, expelling toxin and clearing damp, dispelling cold and relieving pain, stopping bleeding and preventing miscarriage, driving mosquitoes, inhibiting bacteria and the like due to the fact that the whole herb is used as a medicine, is called as diamond in grass, and has a long history and wide influence when being applied in China. The main chemical components of the wormwood are volatile oil, flavonoid, sugar and alkaloid, and have the effects of inhibiting bacteria, resisting insects and oxidation and improving the production performance of animals, and the wormwood plant raw material is used for developing a product with multiple effects of inhibiting bacteria, resisting viruses and the like. The folium Artemisiae Argyi extract can effectively inhibit bacteria and fungi, and the main antibacterial component is folium Artemisiae Argyi volatile oil. The wormwood volatile oil is widely researched and applied due to the characteristics of broad spectrum and natural safety.
The wormwood essential oil has great medicinal value and wide application range, and is based on an extraction solvent and an extraction process of the wormwood. In order to ensure a high extraction rate of essential oil and prevent the active ingredients from being inactivated in the extraction process, and considering the requirements of large-scale production, environmental protection and the like, the selection of a proper extraction method, an extraction process and an extraction solvent is particularly important.
At present, the common extraction method of the wormwood essential oil mainly comprises the traditional decocting method, the cold pressing method, the steam distillation method, the supercritical extraction method and the like. The effective components extracted by the decoction method are mainly volatile oil, and the volatile oil is widely applied in the actual production due to the characteristics of simple operation, simple instrument and the like, but has the defect of low extraction purity. The cold pressing method can extract volatile oil component from folium Artemisiae Argyi, tearing fresh folium Artemisiae Argyi with high volatile oil content, mashing, cold pressing, centrifuging, and layering to obtain crude product. The cold pressing method is carried out at normal temperature, the obtained volatile oil contains impurities such as moisture, mucus, cell tissues and the like, further purification is needed, but the extraction rate of the volatile oil is not high, so the method has certain limitation on production application.
The steam distillation method is a relatively original extraction method, is green and environment-friendly, and is popular with various large factories and enterprises. The environmental conditions under which the chemical components are extracted are: the temperature reaches about 100 ℃, and the vapor pressure is not lower than 13.33 kPa. The steam distillation method has the advantages of low requirements on production equipment, simple process, bright product color, low cost, greenness, environmental protection, various extracted chemical components, low yield and further improvement.
The supercritical CO2 extraction method has high extraction rate of the wormwood volatile oil extracted and separated under the condition of being close to normal temperature, can retain the effective components of the wormwood volatile oil to the maximum extent, has no residue of an organic solvent, and is widely produced and applied due to the advantages of high product purity, simple operation equipment, green and environment-friendly production mode and the like, but the method has the difficulties of high early investment and operation cost, difficult automatic continuous production in large-scale application, long equipment cleaning period and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for extracting wormwood essential oil by using a supramolecular L-carnitine malate (NADES) solvent, overcomes the defects of the prior art, and provides a method for extracting wormwood essential oil by using the supramolecular L-carnitine malate (NADES) solvent. The method utilizes natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) coupled with steam distillation to achieve effects of breaking cell wall of folium Artemisiae Argyi cell wall efficiently and stably, so that the obtained folium Artemisiae Argyi essential oil has high yield and abundant active ingredient species.
The Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) is a eutectic mixture formed by mutually connecting a hydrogen bond acceptor and a hydrogen bond donor through a hydrogen bond acting force, belongs to the category of supermolecule solvents, and can endow the DES with corresponding properties and functions by adjusting the types and the proportion of the hydrogen bond donor and the hydrogen bond acceptor so as to meet different requirements. As a novel green solvent, the deep eutectic solvent has the outstanding advantages of simple preparation process, low raw material cost, no steam pressure, good biocompatibility and environmental friendliness. The deep eutectic solvent prepared from primary metabolites such as organic acid, amino acid, sugar, polyalcohol and choline derivative is defined as a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES), and the natural deep eutectic solvent has wide application prospect in the field of extraction of plant active substances.
L-carnitine is an amino acid which can promote fat to be converted into energy, is a pure white crystalline lens or white transparent fine powder, has no toxic or side effect on human bodies, and has physiological functions of fat oxidative decomposition, weight reduction, fatigue resistance and the like. The product can be used as food additive for infant food, weight reducing food, athlete food, nutritional supplement for middle-aged and elderly people, nutrition enhancer for vegetarian food, animal feed additive, etc.
Malic acid, found in the juice of immature hawthorn, apple and grape fruits. Or prepared from fumaric acid by biological fermentation. It is an important intermediate product of internal circulation of the human body and is easily absorbed by the human body, so that it can be widely used in the fields of food, cosmetics, medical and health products, etc. as a food additive and functional food with excellent performance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
(1) Cleaning folium Artemisiae Argyi with clear water, oven drying, and pulverizing to obtain folium Artemisiae Argyi powder;
(2) Preparation of supramolecular L-carnitine malate (NADES) solvent: putting the L-carnitine and the malic acid into a reactor according to a certain molar ratio, adding water in a proper proportion, stirring until the solution is clarified, placing the solution into a rotary evaporator for rotary evaporation, wherein the rotary evaporation residual solution is the L-carnitine malic acid NaDES, and adding a certain amount of ultrapure water into the L-carnitine malic acid NaDES to prepare the supramolecular L-carnitine malic acid NADES solvent for extraction.
(3) Adding folium Artemisiae Argyi powder into supramolecular L-carnitine malic acid NADES solvent, and collecting folium Artemisiae Argyi essential oil by steam distillation;
(4) Centrifuging the collected wormwood essential oil at a high speed, taking the upper oily liquid, and filtering to remove residual impurities;
(5) Weighing the obtained pure essential oil, and calculating the essential oil yield according to the feeding amount and the essential oil collection amount.
Preferably, in the step (2), the molar ratio of the L-carnitine to the malic acid fed into the reactor is 1.
Preferably, in the step (2), the set temperature of the rotary evaporator is 50-90 ℃, and the rotary evaporation time is 1-8h.
Preferably, in the step (2), the supermolecular L-carnitine malate NADES solvent mass concentration for extraction is 5-90wt%.
Preferably, in the step (3), the mass-to-volume ratio of the wormwood leaf powder to the supramolecular L-carnitine malate NADES solvent is 1g to 20mL.
Preferably, in the step (3), the distillation temperature is 50-100 ℃, and the distillation time is 1-8h.
Preferably, in step (4), the centrifugation parameters are: the centrifugation speed is 4000-12000r/min, the centrifugation time is 5-20min, and the filter membrane is a 0.45um organic phase filter membrane.
The invention uses the prepared supermolecular L-carnitine malate NADES solvent coupled with steam distillation to extract wormwood essential oil, the yield is as high as 6.58mg/g, and the content of main active ingredients (higher than 2%) is as high as 11.
The prepared wormwood essential oil mainly comprises phellandrene, terpinolene, o-cymene, eucalyptol, gamma-terpinene, thujone, D-camphor, levo-borneol, 4-terpene alcohol, alpha-terpineol and the like, can be used as a daily chemical product raw material to be added into products such as shampoo, bath foam, essence, toothpaste, mouthwash and the like, and has excellent antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant and other effects.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention relates to a preparation method of pure wormwood essential oil, which is characterized in that supramolecular L-carnitine malate NADES solvent assisted steam distillation is used for extracting volatile components from wormwood, and finally purifying and removing impurities from collected essential oil, and has the following specific benefits:
1. the supramolecular L-carnitine malic acid NADES solvent has good biocompatibility, is green and economical, has strong substrate universality, and can be used as an extractant of active ingredients of wormwood leaves. The extraction is carried out by coupling with steam distillation, so that the yield of essential oil can be improved, and the types of active ingredients can be increased.
2. The preparation method is simple in preparation process, green, economic and environment-friendly, and the extraction efficiency is superior to that of the traditional technology for extracting essential oil by steam distillation and NaCl aqueous solution distillation. The supramolecular L-carnitine malate NADES solvent can accelerate the dissolution of cell walls of cells in wormwood leaves, accurately capture main active ingredients, promote the efficient outflow of volatile ingredients in wormwood, and increase the yield of essential oil and the variety of the active ingredients.
3. The supramolecular L-carnitine malate NADES solvent can accelerate the dissolution of cell walls of wormwood cells, promote the efficient outflow of active substances in wormwood, and further effectively improve the yield of essential oil and the variety of active ingredients. The obtained wormwood essential oil has few impurities and bright color, can be used as a daily chemical product raw material to be added into products such as shampoo, bath foam, essence, toothpaste, mouthwash and the like, and has excellent antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant and other effects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of IR spectroscopy analysis of a monomer and a DES in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a DSC analysis chart of the monomer and DES of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in figures 1 to 2, the invention provides a method for extracting wormwood essential oil by using supramolecular L-carnitine malate NADES solvent,
specific comparative examples and examples are as follows:
comparative example 1:
(1) Cleaning folium Artemisiae Argyi with clear water, oven drying at 60 deg.C, and pulverizing to obtain folium Artemisiae Argyi powder;
(2) Adding folium Artemisiae Argyi powder into ultrapure water, and collecting folium Artemisiae Argyi essential oil by steam distillation. The mass volume ratio of the wormwood leaf powder to the ultrapure water during distillation is 1g, 6mL, and the wormwood leaf powder and the ultrapure water are subjected to steam distillation for 8h at the temperature of 100 ℃;
(3) And (4) carrying out high-speed centrifugation on the collected wormwood essential oil, taking the upper oily liquid, and filtering to remove impurities. Centrifuging at a speed of 10000r/min for 5min, and filtering with 0.45um organic phase filter membrane;
(4) Weighing the obtained pure essential oil, and calculating the essential oil yield according to the feeding amount and the essential oil collection amount.
(5) And (4) sampling the obtained pure essential oil, and performing GC-MS analysis to obtain the main active ingredients and the relative content of the essential oil.
Comparative example 2:
(1) Cleaning folium Artemisiae Argyi with clear water, oven drying at 60 deg.C, and pulverizing to obtain folium Artemisiae Argyi powder;
(2) Preparing 10wt% NaCl solvent, adding folium Artemisiae Argyi powder into NaCl solvent, and collecting folium Artemisiae Argyi essential oil by steam distillation. During distillation, the mass-volume ratio of the wormwood leaf powder to the NaCl solvent is 1g to 6mL, and steam distillation is carried out for 8h at the temperature of 100 ℃;
(3) And (4) carrying out high-speed centrifugation on the collected wormwood essential oil, taking the oily liquid at the upper layer, and filtering to remove impurities. The centrifugation parameters are that the centrifugation speed is 10000r/min, the centrifugation time is 5min, and the filter membrane is a 0.45um organic phase filter membrane;
(4) Weighing the obtained pure essential oil, and calculating the essential oil yield according to the feeding amount and the essential oil collection amount;
(5) And sampling the obtained pure essential oil for GC-MS analysis to obtain the main active ingredients and the relative content of the essential oil.
Example 1:
(1) Cleaning folium Artemisiae Argyi with clear water, oven drying, and pulverizing to obtain folium Artemisiae Argyi powder;
(2) Preparing a supermolecular L-carnitine malate NADES solvent;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) putting L-carnitine serving as a hydrogen bond donor and malic acid serving as a hydrogen bond acceptor into a reactor according to a molar ratio of 1, adding water in a proper proportion, stirring until the solution is clear, placing the solution on a rotary evaporator for rotary evaporation at 80 ℃, and obtaining L-carnitine malate NaDES as residual liquid after rotary evaporation. Adding a certain amount of water into the supramolecular L-carnitine malate solution to obtain a supramolecular L-carnitine malate NADES solvent with the water content of 10 wt%;
(3) Adding folium Artemisiae Argyi powder into supramolecular L-carnitine malic acid NADES solvent, and collecting folium Artemisiae Argyi essential oil by steam distillation. The mass volume ratio of the wormwood leaf powder to the solvent during distillation is 1 g;
(4) And (4) centrifuging the collected wormwood essential oil at a high speed, taking the upper oily liquid, and filtering to remove the residual water phase and impurities. Centrifuging at a speed of 10000r/min for 5min, and filtering with 0.45um organic phase filter membrane;
(5) Weighing the obtained pure essential oil, and calculating the essential oil yield according to the feeding amount and the essential oil collection amount;
(6) And sampling the obtained pure essential oil for GC-MS analysis to obtain the main active ingredients and the relative content of the essential oil.
Test example 1: NADES structure and thermal characterization
As shown in fig. 1, infrared spectroscopic analysis of monomers and DES is performed on the raw materials and finished products thereof according to the deep eutectic solvent formation mechanism, fourier infrared spectroscopic characterization is performed, whether the required DES is formed or not is judged according to the chemical bond position and the chemical group, and the result is shown in the following figure: after NADES is formed, the characteristic peak of l-carnitine is slightly shifted and the peak shape is widened, the characteristic peaks of l-carnitine and malic acid are shifted to the low wavenumber direction, and the formation of hydrogen bonds causes the reduction of the vibration frequency and the broadening of the band, thereby causing the characteristic peaks of the two components to overlap, which is shown as the shift of the peak position in the figure. The broad peaks appearing in all the infrared images excluding the presence of water can be presumed to be the formation of hydrogen bonds between matrine and panthenol.
As shown in fig. 2, DSC analysis of the monomers and DES was used to determine the melting point and glass transition temperature of the DES formed using differential scanning calorimetry. As can be seen from the figure below, the heat flow value decreases first and then increases at-40 ℃ to-20 ℃, and an inflection point appears, which indicates that the interval is the DES glass transition temperature interval.
Test example 2: analysis of yield and composition of mugwort essential oil
The yield of the essential oil is calculated according to the feeding amount and the essential oil collection amount, as shown in the following table 1, the extraction effect of the supramolecular L-carnitine malate NADES solvent is superior to that of the traditional steam distillation method and the NaCl solvent-assisted steam distillation method, and is 1.76 times of that of the traditional steam distillation method and 1.57 times of that of the NaCl solvent-assisted steam distillation method.
TABLE 1 analysis of yield of wormwood essential oil
The main active ingredient types (the content is higher than 2%) and corresponding contents of the wormwood essential oil are obtained by adopting GCMS analysis, as shown in the following table 2, the wormwood essential oil active ingredients obtained by the supermolecule L-carnitine malic acid NADES solvent extraction are more, and include phellandrene, terpinolene, o-cymene, gamma-terpinene, thujone, D-camphor, L-borneol, 4-terpinenol, alpha-terpineol and the like, and are superior to the traditional steam distillation method and the NaCl solvent assisted steam distillation method.
TABLE 2 analysis of essential oil components of wormwood
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention relates to a preparation method of pure wormwood essential oil, which is characterized in that volatile components are extracted from wormwood by virtue of supramolecular L-carnitine malate NADES solvent assisted steam distillation, and finally, the collected essential oil is purified to remove impurities, and the preparation method has the following specific benefits:
1. the supramolecular L-carnitine malic acid NADES solvent has good biocompatibility, is green and economical, has strong substrate universality, and can be used as an extractant of active ingredients of wormwood leaves. The extraction is carried out by coupling with steam distillation, so that the yield of essential oil can be improved, and the types of active ingredients can be increased.
2. The preparation method is simple in preparation process, green, economic and environment-friendly, and the extraction efficiency is superior to that of the traditional technology for extracting essential oil by steam distillation and NaCl aqueous solution distillation. The supermolecular L-carnitine malic acid NADES solvent can accelerate the dissolution of cell walls of cells in folium artemisiae argyi, accurately capture main active ingredients, promote the efficient outflow of volatile ingredients in the folium artemisiae argyi, and increase the yield of essential oil and the variety of the active ingredients.
3. The supramolecular L-carnitine malic acid NADES solvent can accelerate the dissolution of the cell wall of wormwood cells, promote the efficient outflow of active substances in wormwood, and further effectively improve the yield of essential oil and the variety of active ingredients. The obtained wormwood essential oil has few impurities and bright color, can be used as a daily chemical product raw material to be added into products such as shampoo, bath foam, essence, toothpaste, mouthwash and the like, and has excellent antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant and other effects.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art; the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; these modifications and substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solution to depart from the scope of the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to be covered by the claims and the specification of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for extracting wormwood essential oil by using a supramolecular L-carnitine malate NADES solvent is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Cleaning folium Artemisiae Argyi with clear water, drying, and pulverizing to obtain folium Artemisiae Argyi powder;
(2) Preparation of supramolecular L-carnitine malate (NADES) solvent: putting L-carnitine and malic acid into a reactor according to a certain molar ratio, adding water in a proper proportion, stirring until the solution is clear, placing the solution into a rotary evaporator, and performing rotary evaporation, wherein the rotary evaporation residual liquid is L-carnitine malic acid NaDES; adding a certain amount of ultrapure water into the L-carnitine malate NaDES to prepare a supramolecular L-carnitine malate NADES solvent for extraction;
(3) Adding the wormwood leaf powder into a supermolecular L-carnitine malic acid NADES solvent, and collecting wormwood essential oil by adopting a steam distillation method;
(4) Centrifuging the collected wormwood essential oil at a high speed, taking the upper oily liquid, filtering, and removing residual impurities to obtain pure essential oil;
(5) Weighing the obtained pure essential oil, and calculating the essential oil yield according to the feeding amount and the essential oil collection amount.
2. The method for extracting wormwood essential oil by the supramolecular L-carnitine malate NADES solvent as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the molar ratio of the L-carnitine to the malate which is fed into the reactor is 1.2-5.
3. The method for extracting wormwood essential oil by using the supramolecular L-carnitine malate NADES solvent as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the set temperature of the rotary evaporator is 50-90 ℃, and the rotary evaporation time is 1-8h.
4. The method for extracting wormwood essential oil by using the supramolecular L-carnitine malate NADES solvent as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the supramolecular L-carnitine malate NADES solvent for extraction has a mass concentration of 5-90wt%.
5. The method for extracting the wormwood essential oil by the supramolecular L-carnitine malate NADES solvent as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the mass-to-volume ratio of the wormwood leaf powder to the supramolecular L-carnitine malate NADES solvent during extraction is 1g to 5-20mL.
6. The method for extracting wormwood essential oil by using the supramolecular L-carnitine malate NADES solvent as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the distillation temperature is 50-100 ℃, and the distillation time is 1-8h.
7. The method for extracting wormwood essential oil by using the supramolecular L-carnitine malate NADES solvent as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the centrifugation parameters are as follows: the centrifugation speed is 4000-12000r/min, the centrifugation time is 5-20min, and the filter membrane is a 0.45um organic phase filter membrane.
8. The method for extracting wormwood essential oil by using the supramolecular L-carnitine malate NADES solvent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the supramolecular L-carnitine malate NADES solvent is used as a green solvent to accelerate dissolution and destroy cell walls of wormwood leaf cells, so that volatile components in wormwood leaves can be promoted to efficiently flow out, the yield of essential oil and the variety of active components are increased, and the method is superior to the traditional essential oil extraction technology by steam distillation and NaCl solvent distillation.
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