CN115697405A - 用于治疗或预防Th2介导的疾病的含有PD-1激动剂的药物组合物 - Google Patents
用于治疗或预防Th2介导的疾病的含有PD-1激动剂的药物组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本文开发对PD‑1的激动剂的新用途。包含有效量的PD‑1激动剂的用于治疗或预防Th2介导的疾病的药物组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于治疗或预防Th2介导的疾病的含有PD-1激动剂的药物组合物。
背景技术
免疫反应存在其不适当控制与疾病相关的方面。对侵入生物体内的细菌、病毒等病原体的免疫应答不足的情形导致感染,相反,对自身的组织产生有害免疫反应的情形发生自身免疫疾病。为了防止陷入这样的病理状态、有效运行其系统,免疫系统中具备活化免疫细胞的功能以促进免疫反应的机理、和相反地抑制功能以降低免疫反应的机理二者。认为源自不足或过度的免疫反应的疾病的一个原因是这些内源性控制机理中的损害。
其明显的实例是近年来已迅速成为现实的对癌症的免疫治疗。与以往的“免疫疗法”划清界限的该新治疗法中出现的CTLA-4、PD-1等分子是也称为免疫检查点的内源性免疫抑制机理的一种,其影响在同种免疫抑制机理中也特别显著。对于称为癌症的病理状态,也可见到应被驱逐的称为癌症细胞的存在因对癌症细胞的免疫反应不足而增殖。判断为该不足的原因是癌症组织内部由各种免疫抑制机理充满的事实,这即意味着通过生物体中原本具备的免疫抑制机理的积极利用,癌症组织避开来自免疫细胞的攻击。通过阻断作为这样的免疫抑制机理的代表性存在的CTLA-4、PD-1,迄今被抑制的抗肿瘤免疫转为活化,实际上显示治疗效果的事实显示,这些内源性免疫控制机理具有非常大的影响力,通过纠正免疫反应中的失衡成为与疾病治疗相关方面的重要靶标。
内源性免疫抑制机理不可欠缺的重要性也从下面显示,即使这些中之一缺乏,炎症反应也表现为格外强。例如,在缺乏PD-1的小鼠中显示,产生各种炎症性疾病的自然发病(非专利文献1:Okazaki et al.Nat.Immunol.,2013)。此外,源自过度免疫反应的炎症性的有害反应在通过PD-1抑制剂的癌症治疗时也以一定比例被观察(非专利文献2:Young etal.Cancer Immunol.Res.,2018)。这些事实显示,癌症组织中积极利用的免疫抑制机理原本是用于保护体内正常组织免受过度炎症反应的生理反馈机制。实际上,以抗PD-1抗体为代表的药品实际上在癌症治疗时显示的作用提示,通过控制PD-1的功能,可以调节免疫反应的强弱。
现有技术文献
非专利文献
非专利文献1:Okazaki T,Chikuma S,Iwai Y,Fagarasan S,Honjo T.A rheostatfor immune responses:the unique properties of PD-1 and their advantages forclinical application.Nat.Immunol.14:1212-8(2013).
非专利文献2:Young A,Quandt Z,Bluestone JA.The Balancing Act betweenCancer Immunity and Autoimmunity in Response to Immunotherapy.CancerImmunol.Res.6:1445-1452(2018).
发明概述
发明要解决的课题
如以上背景中显示,在需要强化免疫应答的癌症治疗的情形应用抑制免疫抑制机理的药剂,但为了在炎症性疾病的治疗中抑制不必要地亢进的免疫反应,需要积极刺激免疫抑制机理的完全相反的方法。PD-1在活化的T细胞中表达,在抗原识别时对方的细胞表面表达PD-L1、PD-L2等配体分子的情形中,已知通过与它们相互作用干扰T细胞的活化信号的作用机理。对于PD-1自身具有诱导免疫抑制性信号的性质,存在如果可以人为刺激它、则与炎症性疾病的治疗相关的可能性。癌症治疗中应用的抗PD-1抗体抑制与配体分子的结合,但为了积极的免疫抑制,通过与PD-1结合可以诱导PD-1的功能的PD-1激动剂是有力的。
本发明的目的之一是探索对PD-1的激动剂抗体的新的生理活性,且基于该活性发现新用途。
用于解决课题的手段
免疫反应亢进至不必要为原因而引起的炎症性疾病众多,它们的大多数中,需要更有效的新治疗方法。我们以作为免疫控制分子的PD-1为靶标,开发对Th2细胞等介导的I型变态反应和嗜酸性粒细胞疾病等炎症性疾病有效的治疗方法。抗人PD-1抗体的筛选结果得到许多具有诱导PD-1的免疫抑制活性的激动剂活性的抗体。发现这些之中显示高激动剂活性的抗PD-1激动剂抗体对向Th2细胞的分化抑制特别有效。接受该知识、向作为Th2型疾病的变态反应性哮喘的模型小鼠施用抗PD-1激动剂抗体时,见到Th2型免疫反应的抑制、同时显著的抗炎症作用。该结果显示,PD-1激动剂作为抗变态反应药和嗜酸性粒细胞疾病的治疗药有用。
本发明基于这些知识完成,其主旨如下。
(1)用于治疗或预防Th2介导的疾病的药物组合物,其包含有效量的PD-1激动剂。
(2)(1)中记载的药物组合物,其中,前述PD-1激动剂是抗PD-1激动剂抗体或其功能片段。
(3)(1)或(2)中记载的药物组合物,其中,前述Th2介导的疾病是I型变态反应。
(4)(1)或(2)中记载的药物组合物,其中,前述Th2介导的疾病是嗜酸性粒细胞疾病。
(5)(1)或(2)中记载的药物组合物,其中,前述Th2介导的疾病是选自支气管哮喘、特应性皮炎、变态反应性鼻炎、药物变态反应、食物变态反应、过敏反应、变态反应性结膜炎、荨麻疹、嗜酸性粒细胞鼻窦炎、嗜酸性粒细胞消化器官疾病、变态反应性支气管肺曲霉病的疾病。
(6)Th2介导的疾病的预防和/或治疗方法,其包括向对象施用有效量的PD-1激动剂。
(7)PD-1激动剂,其用于在Th2介导的疾病的预防和/或治疗中应用。
(8)PD-1激动剂用于Th2介导的疾病的预防和/或治疗的应用。
(9)用于通过Th2型细胞因子的抑制而抑制IgE产生的PD-1激动剂及其应用。
(10)用于通过Th2型细胞因子抑制而抑制嗜酸性粒细胞的活化的PD-1激动剂及其应用。
发明效果
根据本发明,可以抑制幼稚CD4+ T细胞向Th2细胞的功能分化,此外,可以治疗或预防Th2介导的疾病。
本说明书包含作为本申请优先权的基础的日本专利申请特愿2020-90526的说明书和/或附图中记载的内容。
附图简述
[图1]是通过PD-1刺激的T细胞的细胞因子产生抑制活性评价系统。(A)应用表达人PD-1(hPD-1)的DO11.10 T细胞杂交瘤与IIA1.6 B淋巴瘤细胞。DO11.10 T细胞杂交瘤与通过IIA1.6细胞的MHC II类分子(I-Ad)呈递的OVA323-339肽反应而活化,但对PD-1产生刺激时活化被抑制。(B)与IIA1.6细胞上的PD-L1产生相互作用时,从表达人PD-1的DO11.10 T细胞杂交瘤的IL-2产生被抑制。另外,PD-1或PD-L1不表达的情形未观察到IL-2的抑制。(C)向反应系统加入作为对人PD-1的封闭抗体的EH12.2H7时,通过PD-L1的抑制作用被解除。通过该实验系统,可以检测具有免疫调节活性的抗PD-1抗体。
[图2]是抗人PD-1抗体的激动剂活性评价。(A)在通过表达人PD-1的DO11.10 T细胞杂交瘤和不表达PD-L1但表达FcγRIIB的IIA1.6 B淋巴瘤细胞的组合的评价系统中,以IL-2产生的抑制活性为指标进行抗人PD-1抗体的筛选。(B)其结果,得到包含从活性高至低的具有免疫抑制作用的克隆约30种。该图仅显示这些抗人PD-1抗体之中具有免疫抑制活性的克隆。
[图3]是抗人PD-1激动剂抗体的活性比较。(A)在此次发现具有免疫抑制活性的抗人PD-1抗体之中选择比较高活性的那种,求得IC50。除新型抗体外,判断具有激动剂活性的市售抗体(J116、MIH4)也都是小鼠IgG,基于通过它们的抗体浓度依赖性IL-2产生的抑制曲线,以完全没有IL-2产生的状态为0%,求得达到50%抑制的浓度。(B、C)将新型抗体的Fv部分作为与人IgG1-K322A(B)或人IgG4-S228P(C)的Fc部分的嵌合抗体,以及另外报告为激动剂抗体而公知的抗PD-1抗体(PD1AB6、PD1-17:特表2018-533973、特表2006-521783),根据抗体浓度依赖性IL-2产生抑制进行IC50的研究。
[图4]是抗人PD-1激动剂抗体对人T细胞的免疫抑制作用。将原代培养人CD4+ T细胞用抗CD3抗体刺激3天活化后,混合表达人FcγRIIB的THP-1细胞,用CytoStim(MiltenyiBiotec)刺激T细胞。向该培养系统添加抗人PD-1激动剂抗体,观察细胞因子产生的抑制。
[图5]是通过PD-1刺激的Th2细胞诱导的抑制。将PD-L1(-)FcγRIIB(+)IIA1.6细胞作为抗原呈递细胞,用OVA323-339刺激从DO11.10小鼠的脾细胞配制的CD4+ CD62L+细胞。此时,添加细胞因子和抗细胞因子抗体,选择性诱导Th1或Th2细胞。通过细胞内染色分析再刺激后的IFN-γ、IL-4产生,研究Th1、Th2细胞的诱导比率。在抗PD-1激动剂抗体共存下诱导Th1、Th2细胞的情形中,由IFN-γ产生显示的Th1细胞的比例中没有太大变化(A),但产生IL-4的Th2细胞的比例被大大抑制(B)。Th2的功能分化对PD-1刺激的敏感性特别高,提示可以通过抗PD-1激动剂抗体人为调整Th1/Th2平衡的可能性。与抗PD-1激动剂抗体同样,在应用PD-L1(+)IIA1.6细胞刺激PD-1的情形中也观察到同样的变化。
[图6]是用抗原免疫的小鼠中的抗体产生、和抗PD-1激动剂抗体对其的作用。对人PD-1敲入小鼠用NP-OVA(将4-羟基-3-硝基苯乙酰基半抗原与卵清蛋白结合而成)免疫,同时开始抗PD-1激动剂抗体(HM266)施用。HM266也在3天后、7天后施用,10天后测定血中的半抗原特异性抗体效价,进行IgG亚类间的比较。(A)10天后的血中抗原特异性抗体效价。HM266施用使IgG1型、IgG2c型的抗体浓度共同减少,特别是对IgG1型抗体的抑制作用更显著。(B)10天后的血中抗原特异性抗体效价的IgG1/IgG2c比。通过HM266施用,IgG1/IgG2c比降低。
[图7]是小鼠中变态反应性哮喘的诱导与J116的抗炎症作用。将人PD-1敲入小鼠用尘螨抗原(HDM)敏化,从一周后通过经鼻施用同一抗原诱导变态反应性哮喘。开始连日的HDM经鼻施用,7天后,研究肺胞渗出液中的炎症细胞的浸润。通过变态反应性哮喘的诱导,浸润的炎症性细胞的总数增加,其中嗜酸性粒细胞、CD4+ T细胞占其大部分。但是,对该炎症模型进行J116的施用时,炎症性细胞、特别是嗜酸性粒细胞向肺胞内的浸润被显著抑制。
[图8]是变态反应性哮喘小鼠中通过J116的Th2型细胞增加的抑制。如图7诱导变态反应性哮喘,开始连日的经鼻施用,得到7天后的肺胞内渗出液。通过细胞内染色研究其中浸润的CD4+细胞的细胞因子产生能力时,观察到J116施用组中IL-5和IL-13产生细胞的显著的减少。
[图9]是小鼠中变态反应性哮喘的诱导和HM266的抗炎症作用。在人PD-1敲入小鼠中,应用与图7相同的方法,通过对尘螨抗原的暴露诱导变态反应性哮喘。此时,施用HM266观察炎症的抑制时,通过与图7同样的4次施用(HM266(x4)),HM266抑制嗜酸性粒细胞、CD4+T细胞向肺胞内的浸润。进一步,为了观察治疗效果在肺组织中炎症诱导3天后仅施用一次HM266的情形(HM266(x1))中,也见到炎症性细胞向肺胞内的浸润的抑制。
[图10]是HM266对变态反应性哮喘的抗炎症作用和Th2型免疫反应的抑制。用与图9同样的时间表诱导变态反应性哮喘的诱导,进行肺胞内渗出液、进一步肺组织的回收。通过细胞内染色研究从肺胞内渗出液中或肺组织中浸润的CD4+细胞的细胞因子产生时,HM2664次施用组(HM266(x4))中观察到IL-4、IL-5、IL-10和IL-13产生细胞的减少。此外,尘螨抗原特异性IgE的血中浓度也通过HM266施用显著减少。在肺中的炎症诱导开始3天后仅施用一次HM266的情形(HM266(x1))中也见到同样的倾向,提示抗PD-1激动剂抗体对变态反应性疾病治疗的有用性。
[图11]是HM266对特应性皮炎的抗炎症效果。以3天一次的频率向人PD-1敲入小鼠的耳廓涂敷MC903,诱导变态反应性皮炎。(A)通过与MC903同时开始抗PD-1激动剂抗体(HM266)施用,耳廓的肿胀被显著抑制。(B)通过MC903施用的血中IgE浓度的经时变化。通过MC903的连续涂敷,IgE浓度显著增加,但HM266的同时施用(预防施用)使其大大减少。进一步,在产生耳廓的肿胀后第12天起进行HM266施用的治疗环境中,也同样引起IgE浓度的显著减少。(C、D)通过HM266施用,耳廓组织中浸润的嗜酸性粒细胞数(C)、进一步通过小鼠的搔抓行为(D)中也观察到明显的抑制效果。图11C、D的1、2、3、4组分别显示仅赋形剂、MC903、MC903+HM266(预防)、MC903+HM266(治疗)。
用于实施发明的方式
以下,详细说明本发明的实施方式。
本发明提供用于治疗或预防Th2介导的疾病的药物组合物,其包含有效量的PD-1激动剂,特别是抗PD-1激动剂抗体。本发明提供Th2介导的疾病的预防和/或治疗方法,其包含向对象施用有效量的PD-1激动剂。本发明提供PD-1激动剂,其用于在Th2介导的疾病的预防和/或治疗中使用。本发明提供PD-1激动剂在Th2介导的疾病的预防和/或治疗中的应用。
PD-1(Programmed cell death 1,程序性细胞死亡1)是在活化的T细胞的表面表达的受体。另一方面,作为PD-1的配体的PD-L1和PD-L2在抗原呈递细胞的表面表达。PD-L1或PD-L2与PD-1结合时,经由信号传导途径,T细胞的免疫活性被抑制。
PD-1激动剂是与PD-L1等同样地对PD-1分子显示驱动作用(活化信号的增强)的物质,本发明的药物组合物含有PD-1激动剂作为有效成分。PD-1激动剂没有特别限定,可以应用抗体、其抗原结合性片段、可溶PD-L1/L2(例如,Fc融合蛋白)、肽、核酸分子、其它化合物、人为增强PD-L1/L2表达的PD-1配体表达细胞等任何PD-1激动剂,优选抗体(抗PD-1激动剂抗体)或其功能片段。
本发明人通过表达人PD-1的DO11.10 T细胞杂交瘤、与不表达PD-L1但表达人FcγRIIB的IIA1.6B淋巴瘤细胞的组合,关于抗人PD-1抗体,评价通过作为源自卵清蛋白的肽抗原的OVA323-339肽的刺激下的激动剂活性,结果得到包含从活性(IL-2产生抑制活性)高至低的具有免疫抑制作用的多个克隆(参考后述实施例)。在该测定系统中,作为市售的抗人PD-1单克隆抗体的J116显示IL-2产生抑制活性,IC50是1000ng/ml左右。因此,例如,在上述测定系统中,关于IL-2产生抑制活性,在算出J116的IC50是50ng/ml~5000ng/ml的条件下,显示与J116同等以上的IL-2产生抑制活性(即,与J116同等以下的IC50值)的抗体可称为“抗PD-1激动剂抗体”。
关于抗体以外的PD-1激动剂,只要是科学上认为具有与J116同等以上的IL-2产生抑制活性的那种即可。
抗PD-1激动剂抗体或其功能片段可以仅与人PD-1的#7区(序列编号24的氨基酸序列的第38个氨基酸~第48个氨基酸为止的区)结合,进一步,可以与人PD-1的#6区(序列编号24的氨基酸序列的第109个氨基酸~第120个氨基酸为止的区)、#1区(序列编号24的氨基酸序列的第129个氨基酸~第139个氨基酸为止的区)等结合,优选仅与人PD-1的#7区结合。在通过将由序列编号24表示的人PD-1的#7区取代为小鼠PD-1的氨基酸序列(序列编号25)的对应区的序列、抗人PD-1抗体的结合能力降低的情形中,可以定义为抗人PD-1抗体与由序列编号24表示的人PD-1的#7区结合,该情形中,#7区的结合独立于对人PD-1的其它区等的结合而判断。关于对人PD-1的#7区以外的区的结合,也同样地定义。人PD-1的氨基酸序列的注册数据库和注册编号是NCBI登录号:NP_005009.2,小鼠PD-1的氨基酸序列的注册数据库和注册编号是NCBI登录号:NP_032824.1。抗PD-1激动剂抗体或其功能片段此外也优选与将小鼠PD-1的#7区取代为人PD-1的#7区的氨基酸序列的小鼠PD-1取代物(小鼠PD-1(hu38-48))和/或将人PD-1的第143位精氨酸突变为丙氨酸的人PD-1(R143A点突变体)结合。
在后述实施例中,作为市售的抗人PD-1单克隆抗体的MIH4和J116显示作为PD-1激动剂的活性。此外,本发明人新制备的作为抗人PD-1单克隆抗体的HM266、HM647和HM698显示良好的激动剂活性。这些抗体作为抗PD-1激动剂抗体有用,可以用作本发明的药物组合物的有效成分。MIH4、J116、HM266和HM268与人PD-1的#7区结合,HM647与人PD-1的#6区和#7区结合。
HM266、HM647和HM698的重链可变区和轻链可变区的氨基酸和碱基序列如下赋予序列编号,示于序列表。
HM266、HM647和HM698可以应用杂交瘤生产,但也可以用基因工程方法作为重组抗体制备。即,通过合成抗体的重链和轻链的基因、将其插入载体(例如,质粒)后、导入宿主细胞(例如,CHO细胞、HEK细胞等)、培养该宿主细胞,可以从培养物获得重组抗体。合成抗体的重链和轻链的基因时,优选将密码子优化。
抗PD-1激动剂抗体可以是多克隆抗体、单克隆抗体的任一种,优选单克隆抗体。为了制备多克隆抗体,向动物注射抗原(PD-1),反复在血液中产生抗体后,回收血液(血浆、血清),从中纯化抗体即可。为了制备单克隆抗体,向动物注射抗原(PD-1)后,从脾或淋巴结取出产生抗体的B细胞,与永生化癌症细胞(骨髓瘤)人工融合,制备杂交瘤,从该杂交瘤中选择产生单克隆抗体的细胞,在该细胞中生产单克隆抗体即可。作为免疫中使用的动物,除小鼠、兔之外,可以列举大鼠、仓鼠、豚鼠、鸡、山羊、绵羊、驴、美洲驼、鲨鱼等各种哺乳动物和鸟类、鱼类。单克隆抗体也可以用基因工程方法作为重组抗体制备。单克隆抗体可以是人以外的动物(例如,小鼠、兔、大鼠、仓鼠、豚鼠、山羊、绵羊、驴、美洲驼、骆驼、鸡、鸵鸟、鲨鱼等各种哺乳动物和鸟类、鱼类)的抗体、嵌合抗体、人源化抗体、完全人抗体的任一种。例如,抗PD-1激动剂抗体的可变部分(Fv)可以是源自人以外的动物(例如,小鼠、兔、大鼠、仓鼠、豚鼠、山羊、绵羊、驴、美洲驼、骆驼、鸡、鸵鸟、鲨鱼等)的抗体的Fv,也可以是将源自人以外的动物的抗体的重链和/或轻链的Fab区人源化的那种。人源化可通过将源自人以外的动物的抗体的VH和VL的CDR移植到人抗体的VH和VL的框架实施(Nature,332,323-327,1988)。人源化只要维持CDR的序列即可,但通过鉴定直接牵涉与抗原的结合的氨基酸残基、与CDR相互作用的氨基酸残基和维持CDR的立体结构中牵涉的氨基酸残基、由非人源化抗体的氨基酸残基取代等,可以提高抗原结合等(MABS,8(7),1302-1318,2016)。在后述的实施例中,制备将新型抗体(HM266、HM647和HM698)的可变区与人IgG1或人IgG4的恒定区连接的嵌合抗体。在嵌合抗体的制备中应用的人IgG1的重链恒定区(IgG1-K322A)的氨基酸序列和碱基序列分别示于序列编号17和18,人IgG4的重链恒定区(IgG4-S228P)的氨基酸序列和碱基序列分别示于序列编号19和20,人免疫球蛋白的轻链(κ链:Igκ)恒定区的氨基酸序列和碱基序列分别示于序列编号21和22。
在抗PD-1激动剂抗体中可以进行功能改变。作为抗体的功能改变的技术,可以列举氨基酸突变导入、亚类取代、抗体药物复合物、糖链改变抗体等和它们的组合,在氨基酸突变导入中,优选导入提高对成为施用抗PD-1激动剂抗体的对象的人或非人动物的Fc受体的亲和性的突变。Fc受体优选Fcγ受体,更优选FcγRII,进一步优选FcγRIIB。抗PD-1激动剂抗体对人Fc受体的结合能力(结合亲和性)可以通过下列评价:使用通过Biacore 8K(Cytiva)的表面等离子共振技术的Fc受体结合亲和性测定试验、和通过流式细胞仪的对人Fc受体表达细胞株的结合性测定试验评价。在通过对人Fc受体表达细胞株的结合性测定试验测定的情形中,抗PD-1激动剂抗体对人FcγRIIB的亲和性可以用相对于具有人IgG1-K322A的Fc区的抗体(对照抗体)的GMFI比表示。在未添加抗体的GMFI是40左右、添加对照抗体时的GMFI是300-1500的测定条件中,抗PD-1激动剂抗体与添加具有同一Fv区的对照抗体时相比显示2倍以上的GMFI,优选地显示5倍以上的GMFI,更优选地显示20倍以上的GMFI。在通过使用表面等离子体共振技术的Fc受体结合亲和性测定试验测定的情形中,抗PD-1激动剂抗体对人FcγRIIB的亲和性可以用相对于具有人IgG1-K322A的Fc区的抗体(对照抗体)的平衡解离常数(Kd)比表示,抗PD-1激动剂抗体具有对照抗体的1.5倍以上的亲和性,优选具有对照抗体的2倍以上的亲和性,更优选具有对照抗体的2.5倍以上的亲和性。
抗PD-1激动剂抗体可以具有人抗体(例如,IgG1、IgG4等)的Fc区(与由序列编号17表示的IgG1的氨基酸序列中第100个氨基酸至第330个氨基酸为止的序列、由序列编号19表示的IgG4的氨基酸序列中第100个氨基酸至第327个氨基酸为止的序列相应的区),进一步,人抗体的Fc区优选对人Fc受体的亲和性提高的改变的Fc区变体。通过改变抗体的Fc区,可以提高对人Fc受体的亲和性。此外,通过抗体的脱岩藻糖处理也可以提高对人Fc受体的亲和性。
在抗PD-1激动剂抗体中,作为提高对人Fc受体的亲和性的手段,例如,在人IgG1的Fc区的氨基酸序列中236位、268位、239位、328位、332位、233位、237位、238位、271位、330位、267位、326位、234位、323位和296位(根据Kabat的EU编号、以下同样)中的任何1个以上中可以导入突变,优选可以为它们的组合。此外,可以将这些突变与脱岩藻糖化组合。
在向IgG1的Fc区导入突变的情形中,可以进一步与作为已知通过降低补体C1q的结合抑制补体依赖性细胞毒性(CDC)活性的突变的K322A、和作为已知通过降低对FcγRIIIA的结合抑制ADCC活性的突变的E293A等其它突变组合。在后述的实施例中,应用被视为抑制补体依赖性细胞毒性活性的具有Lys322Ala的氨基酸突变的人IgG1的重链恒定区,但在应用具有人重链恒定区的抗体的下述实施例中显示的试验系统中,认为这些突变没有造成显著的影响。
作为提高对人Fc受体的结合能力的手段,例如,在人IgG4的Fc区的氨基酸序列中236位、239位、268位、328位、332位(根据Kabat的EU编号、以下同样)中的任何一个以上中可以导入突变,优选可以为它们的组合。此外,可以将这些突变与脱岩藻糖化组合。
在向IgG4的Fc区导入突变的情形中,可以进一步与已知提高抗体的稳定性的效果的S228P等其它突变组合。在后述的实施例中,应用被视为提高抗体的稳定性的具有Ser228Pro的氨基酸突变的人IgG4的重链恒定区,但在应用具有人重链恒定区的抗体的下述实施例所示试验系统中,认为这些突变没有造成显著的影响。
抗PD-1激动剂抗体可以具有源自非人动物(例如,小鼠)的抗体(显示PD-1激动剂活性)的重链和轻链的各自的Fab区被人源化的Fab区、和人IgG1或IgG4的Fc区改变体的Fc区。
抗PD-1激动剂抗体的功能片段指源自抗体分子、可以与PD-1结合的蛋白片段和包含该蛋白片段的融合蛋白等,可以列举双重特异性(双特异性)抗体、低分子抗体(scFv、Fv、F(ab’)2、Fab’、Fab、双体(diabody)等)等,但不限于这些。例如,可以是作为具有一个或多个抗PD-1激动剂抗体的scFv、Fv、F(ab’)2、Fab’、Fab等的分子的也与Fc受体结合的那种,例如,可以列举抗PD-1激动剂抗体与药物的抗体药物复合物、和具有抗PD-1激动剂抗体的scFv与抗Fc受体抗体的scFv的多肽、抗PD-1激动剂抗体的scFv与Fc区的融合蛋白等,但不限于这些。在功能片段是抗PD-1激动剂抗体的scFv与Fc区的融合蛋白等、具有Fc区的那种的情形中,期望该Fc区是本说明书中记载的Fc区改变体的Fc区。功能片段中也可应用如上述的蛋白的改善、优化技术。
抗PD-1激动剂抗体只要是免疫球蛋白分子即可,优选应用该抗体的动物物种的免疫球蛋白分子。免疫球蛋白分子可以是任一类型的分子,人中优选IgG,可以是任一亚类,优选IgG1或IgG4。
抗PD-1激动剂抗体对PD-1的亲和性为结合常数(Kd)10-7M以下即可,优选10-8M以下。结合常数优选通过表面等离子体共振(SPR)法测定,也可以简单地根据对PD-1表达细胞的结合的浓度依赖性通过流式细胞术求得。
本发明人发现,抗PD-1激动剂抗体可以通过PD-1刺激抑制Th2细胞诱导(后述的实施例,图5)。Th2细胞产生IL-4、IL-5、IL-13,通过这些细胞因子进行免疫功能的调节。
本发明的药物组合物可以为了治疗或预防Th2介导的疾病应用。本发明中的Th2介导的疾病指与通过产生IL-4、IL-5、IL-13等Th2型细胞因子的细胞(例如,Th2细胞)起主要作用而诱导的免疫反应关联的疾病,具体地,可以列举通过I型变态反应的炎症疾病、和嗜酸性粒细胞疾病(通过Th2型细胞因子控制的嗜酸性粒细胞的增殖、颗粒蛋白放出和游走等功能牵涉病理状态的疾病)、即认为与Th2型免疫有直接关联性的那种。作为这样的疾病,可以示例支气管哮喘、特应性皮炎、变态反应性鼻炎(花粉症等)、药物·食物变态反应、过敏反应、变态反应性结膜炎、荨麻疹、嗜酸性粒细胞鼻窦炎、嗜酸性粒细胞消化器官疾病、变态反应性支气管肺曲霉病等。
本发明的药物组合物可以全身或局部、经口或非经口地向对象(人或非人动物)施用。
本发明的药物组合物只要含有有效量的PD-1激动剂即可,可以通过与药学上可容许的载体共同混合、溶解、乳化、封入胶囊、冷冻干燥等制剂化而制备。
本发明的药物组合物可以通过经口施用、非经口施用的任一施用方法,但用于经口施用的合适制剂是将抗PD-1激动剂抗体以有效量溶于如水、生理盐水的稀释剂的液体剂,包含有效量作为固体或颗粒的胶囊剂、颗粒剂、散剂或片剂,在适当分散介质中悬浮有效量的悬浮剂、将溶解有效量的溶液在适当分散介质中分散乳化的乳剂等。
为了用于非经口施用,可以将抗PD-1激动剂抗体与药学上可容许的溶剂、赋形剂、粘合剂、稳定剂、分散剂等共同制剂化为注射用溶液、悬浮液、乳剂、乳膏剂、软膏剂、吸入剂、栓剂等剂型。在用于注射的处方中,可以将本发明的抗体在水性溶液、优选地Hank′s溶液、Ringer′s溶液或生理盐水缓冲液等生理学适合的缓冲液中溶解。进一步,本发明的药物可以在油性或水性赋形剂中采用悬浮液、溶液、或乳浊液等形状。或者,可以将本发明抗体以粉末形态制备,使用前应用无菌水等配制为水溶液或悬浮液。为了用于通过吸入施用,可以将本发明抗体粉末化,与乳糖或淀粉等适当基质共同制成粉末混合物。栓剂处方可以通过将本发明抗体与可可脂等常用栓剂基质混合而制备。进一步,本发明的治疗剂可以在聚合物基质等中封入,作为用于连续释放的制剂而处方。
施用量只要是对成人每1次约0.1~100mg/kg(体重)单次、或以1天~6月期间1次的间隔多次施用即可。施用经路可以通过经口施用、非经口施用的任一施用方法,在非经口施用的情形中,可以列举静脉内、肌内、皮下、直肠、经鼻、口腔内、经皮施用等。
作为成为本发明的药物组合物的施用对象的非人动物,可以列举狗、猫、牛、猪、马等哺乳类、鸟类等。
本发明的药物组合物可以单独应用,但也可以与抗组胺药、抗变态反应药、缩血管滴鼻剂、类固醇、低分子免疫抑制剂(环孢菌素、他克莫司等)、抗体药物(抗IgE抗体、抗IL-4抗体、抗IL-5抗体、抗IL-13抗体、抗IL-4受体抗体、抗IL-5受体抗体、抗IL-22抗体、抗IL-25抗体、抗IL-33抗体、抗TSLP抗体、抗BAFF抗体等)、基因重组可溶性融合蛋白(CTLA-4-Ig等)等其它治疗药组合应用。由此,可以期待药效的协同效果。
实施例
以下,通过实施例更详细说明本发明。
〔实施例1〕
方法
市售抗体
抗人PD-1抗体(克隆名称:EH12.2H7、Biolegend)、抗人PD-1抗体(克隆名称:J116、Invitrogen)、抗人PD-1抗体(克隆名称:MIH4、Invitrogen)、对照小鼠IgG1(克隆名称:MOPC-21、Biolegend)、对照人IgG1(克隆名称:QA16A12、Biolegend)、对照人IgG4(克隆名称:QA16A15、Biolegend)
新型抗体的取得和纯化
用于产生抗人PD-1小鼠单克隆抗体的技术是本技术领域已知的,例如,应用Goding、Monoclonal Antibodies:Principles and Practice、pp.59-103(AcademicPress、1986)中记载的方法。作为免疫宿主应用A/J和BALB/c小鼠,作为免疫原,应用人PD-1蛋白(NCBI登录号:NP_005009.2)的全长、或表达其点突变体的质粒载体(15-50μg)、重组人PD-1细胞外结构域与人IgG1-Fc的融合蛋白(25μg)、瞬时表达人PD-1或其点突变体的293T细胞(5x107个)。将这些中的任一以10-50天间隔肌注、皮内施用、腹腔内施用或静注。在应用佐剂的情形中,应用Sigma佐剂系统(S6322-1VL;Sigma-Aldrich)。自最终免疫3天后进行脾细胞与P3U1小鼠骨髓瘤细胞的细胞融合,配制杂交瘤。向强制表达人PD-1的HEK293细胞添加各杂交瘤培养上清,应用R-藻红蛋白标记山羊抗小鼠IgG(H+L)F(ab′)2片段(115-116-146;Jackson ImmunoResearch)作为二次抗体染色后,通过应用流式细胞仪分析,进行产生抗人PD-1抗体的杂交瘤的筛选。将最终选择的杂交瘤通过有限稀释法克隆,用细胞系生物反应器(Wheaton)高密度培养后,应用Ab-Capture ExTra(P-003-10;Protenova)从其培养上清纯化抗人PD-1抗体。
抗体序列测序
将冷冻杂交瘤送到株式会社Bizcom Japan,利用Fusion Antibodies公司的委托分析服务,确定抗人PD-1抗体HM647、HM698的可变区序列。进一步,用A Doenecke,E-LWinnacker and M Hallek Leukemia(1997)11,1787-1792中记载的方法确定抗人PD-1抗体HM266、HM698的可变区序列。简言之,从杂交瘤细胞配制总RNA,通过SMARTer(TM)RACE cDNAAmplification Kit(Clontech)用5′-RACE法PCR扩增抗体可变区的cDNA,其后,确定cDNA序列。将得到的序列作为重组人IgG1抗体表达,确认对人PD-1的特异性结合。HM698的可变区序列通过任一方法都是同一序列。
重组抗体的配制和纯化
应用编码重链序列的DNA和表达载体(pcDNA3.4、Thermo Fisher Scientific)构建重链表达载体。同样地,应用编码轻链序列的DNA和表达载体(pcDNA3.4、Thermo FisherScientific)构建轻链表达载体。将上述二种表达载体通过脂质体转染法导入CHO细胞或HEK293细胞,培养转化的细胞后,通过离心分离和过滤除去细胞,回收培养液。组合应用ProteinA或Capture Select kappaXL柱的亲和色谱和凝胶过滤色谱,实施抗体的纯化。各抗体和纯化法的组合如下。
用Protein A→凝胶过滤纯化的那种:HM266-hIgG4-S228P、HM647-hIgG1-K322A、PD1AB6-hIgG1-K322A、PD1AB6-hIgG4-S228P、PD1-17
用Capture Select kappaXL→凝胶过滤纯化的那种:HM266-hIgG1-K322A、HM647-hIgG4-S228P、HM698-hIgG1-K322A、HM698-hIgG4-S228P
应用细胞株的活性评价
抗人PD-1抗体的活性作为通过表达人PD-1的T细胞与抗原呈递细胞的相互作用对细胞因子产生的效果而评价。对作为T细胞的DO11.10 T细胞杂交瘤株(来自京都大学大学院医学研究科免疫基因组医学讲座),准备应用Cas9(Invitrogen)敲除小鼠PD-1的株、和对其强制表达人PD-1的株。同样地,对作为抗原呈递细胞的IIA1.6B细胞株(来自京都大学大学院医学研究科免疫基因组医学讲座),准备敲除小鼠PD-L1的株、进一步对其强制表达人PD-L1、或小鼠FcγRIIB的株。应用用于评价人PD-1激动剂活性的小鼠FcγRIIB表达IIA1.6细胞、用于评价拮抗剂活性的人PD-L1表达IIA1.6细胞。将人PD-1表达DO11.10 T细胞杂交瘤和各IIA1.6细胞悬浮于培养基(包含10%胎牛血清的RPMI1640培养基),将DO11.10 T细胞杂交瘤以5x104个/孔/50μl、IIA1.6细胞以1x104个/孔/50μl接种在圆底96孔板中。对其以50μl/孔添加抗人PD-1抗体使得最终浓度为5、0.5、0.05、0.005μg/ml。其后,以50μl/孔添加作为抗原的OVA323-339肽(Eurofin)使得最终浓度为3μg/ml。18小时后,应用小鼠IL-2DuoSetELISA(R&DSystems)测定培养上清中的IL-2浓度。
在人PD-1激动剂活性评价中,将应用人PD-L1表达IIA1.6的情形中得到的细胞因子抑制作为阳性对照,将应用不表达人PD-1的DO11.10 T细胞杂交瘤的情形的结果用作阴性对照。在人PD-1拮抗剂活性评价中,应用拮抗剂活性已知的抗人PD-1抗体(克隆名称:EH12.2H7)。
应用人T细胞的活性评价
评价抗人PD-1抗体对实际的人T细胞的活性。具体地,将通过阴性选择从外周血分离的人CD4+ T细胞(LONZA)在预先包被抗CD3抗体(克隆名称:OKT3、BioLegend)的24孔板中以1x106个/孔/1ml接种,通过3天期间刺激活化,诱导PD-1的表达。作为抗原呈递细胞,准备对THP-1人单核细胞衍生细胞株(ATCC)通过电穿孔法强制表达人FcγRIIB的株。THP-1细胞以1x107个/ml悬浮于添加了500μg/ml丝裂霉素C的培养基,通过在37℃放置2小时停止增殖后,用作抗原呈递细胞。将活化的人CD4+ T细胞和丝裂霉素处理后的THP-1细胞悬浮于培养基,分别以5x104、2.5x104细胞/孔/50μl接种于圆底96孔板。对其以50μl/孔添加抗人PD-1抗体使得最终浓度为5、0.5、0.05、0.005μg/ml。其后,以50μl/孔添加作为抗原的Cytostim(Miltenyi Biotec)使得最终浓度为0.2μl/孔。18小时后,应用ELISA MAX Standard SetHuman(BioLegend)测定培养上清中的IL-2。
幼稚辅助T细胞(CD4+
CD62L+)的回收
从DO11.10小鼠(OVA323-339肽特异性T细胞受体转基因小鼠;The JacksonLaboratory)回收脾,配制细胞悬浮液后溶血。得到的细胞用针对FITC标记的CD8、CD19、CD49b、I-A/I-E的抗体染色。洗涤细胞后,将用磁珠标记的抗FITC抗体结合于细胞,通过磁分离它们而分离CD4+ T细胞级分。对该CD4+ T细胞级分应用PerCp-Cy5.5标记的抗CD4抗体、APC标记的抗CD62L抗体染色,应用FACS回收CD4+ CD62L+细胞,从而得到幼稚辅助T细胞。为了强制表达人PD-1,应用Dynabeads小鼠T激活剂(Invitrogen)刺激得到的幼稚辅助T细胞24小时。
通过逆转录病毒感染的人PD-1强制表达
通过在Plat-E细胞中转染MSCV-hPD-1-IRES-Thy1.1配制逆转录病毒上清。逆转录病毒上清加入包被Retronectin(注册商标)的培养板,在32℃、2500rpm离心2小时。离心的板用PBS洗涤,加入用上述方法进行刺激的CD4+ T细胞,在32℃、2000rpm离心10分钟。通过将该逆转录病毒感染的操作以24小时间隔重复2次,强制表达人PD-1。
抗原呈递细胞的准备
配制llA1.6-mFcγRIIb(+)PD-L1(-)和hPD-L1(+)细胞使得成为2x107个细胞/mL的浓度,混合等量的丝裂霉素C(1mg/mL),在37℃处理2小时。将这些细胞应用PBS洗涤3次,作为抗原呈递细胞使用。
向Th1/Th2细胞的诱导
对强制表达人PD-1的CD4+ T细胞(1x106个),将抗原呈递细胞(1x106个)连同OVA323-339肽(最终5μg/mL)、抗人PD-1抗体(最终5μg/mL)加入培养板。为了向Th1细胞诱导,加入IL-2(最终2ng/mL;Peprotech)、IL-12(最终1ng/mL;Peprotech)、IFN-γ(最终1ng/mL;Peprotech)、抗IL-4中和抗体(最终5μg/mL;克隆名11B11、BioXcell)。为了向Th2细胞诱导,加入IL-2(最终2ng/mL)、IL-4(最终1ng/mL;Peprotech)、抗IFN-γ中和抗体(最终5μg/mL;克隆名XMG1.2、BioXcell)、抗IL-12中和抗体(最终5μg/mL;克隆名C17.8、BioXcell)。培养应用12孔板进行,培养液量以2mL进行。
刺激开始后,72小时后,弃去培养上清的一半量,加入用上述方法丝裂霉素C处理的抗原呈递细胞(1x106个)、OVA323-339肽(最终5μg/mL)、抗人PD-1抗体(最终5μg/mL)、Th1和Th2细胞因子·中和抗体混合物使得最终为2mL。FACS分析在刺激开始后96小时后进行。
通过细胞内细胞因子染色的FACS分析
计数用上述方法诱导的Th1/Th2细胞,向固定了预先准备的抗CD3抗体(2μg/mL)的平底96孔板接种细胞使得为2.5x105个。在37℃培养4小时后,添加brefeldin A(10μg/mL),进一步继续培养2小时。其后,从板回收细胞,应用抗小鼠CD16/32抗体封闭Fc受体,用PerCp-Cy5.5-抗小鼠CD4抗体、Fixable Viability Dye eFluor780染色细胞表面,用PBS洗涤后,用4%多聚甲醛固定15分钟。固定的细胞用PBS洗涤后进行10分钟细胞膜渗透处理,再次用PBS洗涤后应用FITC标记的抗IFN-γ抗体和PE标记的抗IL-4抗体染色45分钟,用FACS进行分析。
应用基因组编辑制备人PD-1敲入小鼠
用显微注射将包含gRNA(5’-GCCAGGGGCTCTGGGCATGT-3’)(序列编号23)、和人PD-1基因的供体载体连同Cas9蛋白(Invitrogen)导入源自C57BL/6N小鼠的原核受精卵,植入养母小鼠的输卵管。关于由此得到的小鼠(F0)选择indel小鼠,通过将其与野生型小鼠交配得到F1小鼠。将使确认了基因导入的F1小鼠进一步交配得到的纯合型作为人PD-1敲入小鼠,用于实验。
抗PD-1激动剂抗体对抗原特异性抗体亚类的作用评价
使NP-OVA(将4-羟基-3-硝基苯乙酰基半抗原与卵清蛋白结合而成)与明矾佐剂共沉淀,将100μg向hPD-1敲入小鼠腹腔内施用。同时,腹腔内施用500μg抗人PD-1抗体(第0天)。抗人PD-1抗体进一步在3天后、7天后等量腹腔内施用。10天后从眼眶进行采血,通过从外周血离心分离,采取血浆级分,通过ELISA法测定针对半抗原的IgG1和IgG2c抗体效价。
通过屋尘螨提取物(House dust mite extract、HDM)诱导性变态反应模型的PD-1
激动剂的评价
向hPD-1敲入小鼠以总蛋白量400ng(以Derp1量换算10ng)腹腔内施用HDM(D.Pteronyssinus;Greer),同时腹腔内施用500μg抗人PD-1抗体(第0天)。抗人PD-1抗体进一步在3天后、7天后、10天后等量腹腔内施用。此外,在治疗环境下的实验中,抗人PD-1抗体的施用仅在10天后进行一次。HDM腹腔内施用7天后,麻醉下经鼻施用HDM总蛋白量25μg/25μL。该经鼻施用连续进行8天期间,最终经鼻施用4小时后,从小鼠采血后使其安乐死,回收肺胞洗涤液、肺。肺胞洗涤液在离心后计数单核细胞。肺通过酶处理和密度梯度离心分离单核细胞后计数,通过FACS分析算出CD4+ T细胞、CD8+T细胞、γδTCR+细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞(CD11c-SiglecF+)、中性粒细胞(CD11c-SiglecF-Ly-6G+)、肺胞巨噬细胞(CD11c+SiglecF+)等。此外,将源自肺胞洗涤液的单核细胞、和源自肺的单核细胞通过上述方法进行细胞内细胞因子染色。HDM特异性IgE的血中浓度通过ELISA(小鼠血清抗-HDM IgE抗体分析试剂盒;Chondrex)测定。
通过MC903诱导性特应性皮炎模型的PD-1激动剂的评价
将MC903作为乙醇溶液,涂敷于hPD-1敲入小鼠的两耳廓使得成为MC9035nmol/10μL,同时将抗人PD-1抗体腹腔内施用500μg(第0天)。等量的MC903涂敷和抗人PD-1抗体施用从第0天至第27天为止每3天实施。在治疗环境下的实验中,抗人PD-1抗体的施用从第12天开始。试验期间,每3天测定耳廓厚度。第29天目视测量10分钟期间的搔破行为次数。第9、15、24、30天实施采血,通过ELISA(ELISAMAX Standard Set Mouse IgE;BioLegend)测定血浆中IgE浓度。第30天后使小鼠安乐死,回收耳廓。耳廓在切碎后进行酶处理回收免疫细胞,通过FACS分析算出组织中浸润的嗜酸性粒细胞(CD45+CD11b+SiglecF+)等的数目。
结果和讨论
发现有功能性的抗PD-1抗体后,我们利用株化的DO11.10 T细胞杂交瘤(图1)。由于PD-1信号的活性表现为称为T细胞活化的抑制的形式,该实验系统中的必要条件首先是引起充分的T细胞的活化,并且确实引起PD-1依赖性免疫抑制。通过原代培养的T细胞和抗原呈递细胞的组合,可以实现这些条件,但PD-1蛋白在活化前的T细胞中不表达,只有在进行活化刺激后才能够研究对PD-1信号的影响。由于如此得到的细胞群在许多方面不均匀,缺乏每个实验的稳定性。结合其不可避免的个体差异,原代培养的细胞的使用在实验系统的稳定性、再现性方面存在不利,因此抗体的筛选中选择在这些方面优异的株化细胞的实验系统。
DO11.10 T细胞杂交瘤是由表达识别源自卵清蛋白的肽(OVA323-339)的MHC II类(I-Ad)限制性T细胞受体的DO11.10小鼠的CD4+ T细胞制备的T细胞杂交瘤。DO11.10 T细胞杂交瘤与向作为B淋巴瘤细胞株的IIA1.6中表达的MHC II类(I-Ad)呈递的抗原肽反应产生IL-2(图1A)。这即意味着该组合中的T细胞活化通过抗原识别引起,具有再现在促进非特异性T细胞活化的实验系统中得不到的生理活化机制的优点。进一步,由于基因的敲除、强制表达的操作是可能的,通过在缺乏小鼠PD-1的DO11.10 T细胞杂交瘤中强制表达人PD-1,可以作为研究抗人PD-1抗体的功能的实验系统。表达人PD-1的DO11.10 T细胞杂交瘤通过表达PD-L1的IIA1.6接受抗原刺激时,IL-2产生量明确地减少,该变化也确认为PD-1特异性反应(图1B)。细胞膜上表达的PD-1、PD-L1应采取膜蛋白原来的立体结构,在该方面与利用可溶化膜蛋白的人工实验系统比较也有优势。实际上,该实验系统中加入已确立为封闭抗体的抗人PD-1抗体(EH12.2H7)时,通过PD-L1的作用减少的IL-2大大恢复,显示该实验系统可以确实地检测封闭抗体(图1C)。根据以上,判断利用细胞彼此的相互作用的该实验系统是用于观察PD-1介导的T细胞抑制的非常合适的组合,以该系统为基础,进行后续的实验。
具有免疫抑制活性的激动剂抗体的检测需要在不引起通过PD-L1的抑制的条件进行。因此,准备与封闭抗体的检测不同的系统,此处使用的细胞是表达人PD-1的DO11.10 T细胞杂交瘤和缺乏PD-L1的表达FcγRIIB的IIA1.6细胞的组合。应用封闭抗体检测用和激动剂抗体检测用的这2种系统,进行抗人PD-1单克隆抗体的筛选。成为样品的单克隆抗体从免疫了人PD-1的小鼠制备。其结果,得到几个具有各种水平的活性的单克隆抗体(图2)。此外,从市售的抗人PD-1单克隆抗体中,也发现如MIH4、J116的具有作为激动剂的活性的那种。比较这些抗体作为激动剂的活性时,HM266、HM647、HM698、MIH4等显示特别良好的活性(图3)。
除了迄今为止小鼠细胞中的研究,也确认这些抗PD-1激动剂抗体对人的T细胞也显示免疫抑制作用。从源自人外周血的CD4+ T细胞的IL-2产生通过HM266被显著抑制(图4)。
CD4+辅助T细胞的功能是多样的,但涵盖这些多样功能的是在各个免疫功能中发挥特化作用的辅助T细胞的子集。作为其典型实例,已知如Th1、Th2、Th17、Treg的作用不同的细胞群。例如,如促进以CD8+T细胞和NK细胞的直接细胞损害活性为主的细胞性免疫的是Th1细胞,通过经体液性免疫的亢进向IgE类别转换、和嗜酸性粒细胞的活化促进变态反应的是Th2细胞等,辅助T细胞子集特化为个性非常不同的免疫功能。各个辅助T细胞子集产生的细胞因子大大不同,Th1细胞的特征是IFN-γ,与之相对,如Th2细胞有IL-4、IL-5、IL-13,Th17细胞有IL-17等,各自有特征性细胞因子产生模式。通过这些细胞因子,辅助T细胞子集进行不同的免疫功能的调节。
从辅助T细胞子集的细胞因子产生也是PD-1控制下存在的功能之一。据许多报告,阻断PD-1或PD-1配体(PD-L1、PD-L2)时细胞因子的产生量增加。据报告,在多个情形中,每一细胞因子的该增加没有差异,将各种变态反应患者的外周血淋巴细胞用致敏变应原再刺激时,通过PD-1信号的阻断,IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-4、IL-10、IL-13也全部增加[1]。此外,在指出每一细胞因子的差异的论文中,PD-1阻断时IFN-γ超过IL-4、IL-5、IL-13等,Th1细胞相对于Th2细胞占优势[2-5]。在应用PD-L1、PD-L2等积极地刺激PD-1的情形中,从该表达PD-1的T细胞的细胞因子产生被抑制,但这些情形中,Th1型与Th2型的细胞因子间的比较中也未显示显著差异[6-8]。据报告,在利用PD1-17(Wyeth)作为hPD-1激动剂抗体的实验中,IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-10、IL-13也被同样抑制[9]。这些实验结果意味着对于从样品中已存在的Th1细胞和Th2细胞等的细胞因子产生能力的PD-1/PD-1配体的功能。但是,在此以前,为了使如这样的Th1和Th2细胞存在,有完成它们的过程,为了阐明该阶段中PD-1刺激的影响需要另一种研究。
认为如Th1和Th2的辅助T细胞子集从相同起源的幼稚辅助T细胞诱导,例如,在相同幼稚辅助T细胞中,也在IL-12存在下活化时成为Th1细胞,在IL-4存在下成为Th2细胞。这是功能分化。该事实意味的是,幼稚辅助T细胞通过活化时的环境可成为Th1细胞优势也可成为Th2细胞优势,相对免疫应答是否通过细胞毒性免疫反应朝向炎症、或是否朝向抗体与嗜酸性粒细胞主体的变态反应性炎症反应,存在通过幼稚辅助T细胞的功能分化而决定的方面。因此,如果通过PD-1刺激Th1与Th2的存在平衡变化,不仅免疫反应在量上被抑制,在质的部分也产生变化。
因而,我们研究了PD-1激动剂刺激对CD4+辅助T细胞的功能分化造成的影响。在从DO11.10小鼠得到的幼稚辅助T细胞中应用逆转录病毒表达hPD-1,将该幼稚辅助T细胞在各种不同细胞因子条件下特异性诱导为Th1、Th2时,添加抗人PD-1激动剂抗体(HM266、HM647、J116)。其结果,在应用任一抗人PD-1激动剂抗体的情形中,产生IL-4的Th2细胞的比例都大大减少(图5)。与之相对,向产生IFN-γ的Th1细胞的分化显示抗性。在应用对照抗体的情形中,未见到这样的向Th2细胞的分化的抑制。在应用表达PD-L1的细胞的刺激中,Th2细胞的比例也大大减少,与之相对,对Th1细胞诱导的影响比较稳定,显示与抗人PD-1激动剂抗体同样的倾向。
以上的结果一致显示,在通过PD-1激动剂的抑制作用中,辅助T细胞的功能分化时子集间存在敏感性差异,对PD-1信号向Th2分化的敏感性高。
迄今为止讨论PD-1对于向Th1/Th2细胞的功能分化的作用的研究非常少。这样的研究利用向塑料表面固定PD-L1进行,作为结果观察到Th1(和Th17)的抑制,但向Th2的分化未被抑制[10、11]。与这些论文不同,我们的实验系统通过T细胞与抗原呈递细胞的相互作用再现抗原特异性活化,其结果显示,向Th2的功能分化对PD-1刺激的敏感性特别高。
通过PD-1激动剂的Th2型免疫应答的抑制也由体内的实验显示。应答于抗原从B细胞产生诱导的抗体边接受T细胞的帮助边经历类别转换等机制进行成熟,但已知通过Th1细胞的作用IgG2a,IgG2c被特异性诱导,通过Th2细胞向IgG1和IgE的类别转换被特异性诱导。在人PD-1敲入小鼠中以NP-OVA免疫、分析NP特异性IgG时,通过抗PD-1激动剂抗体施用总体地抑制产生。但是,关注于IgG亚类时,该抑制作用对于IgG1比IgG2c占优势,IgG1/IgG2c比降低(图6)。该结果提示,通过应用PD-1激动剂,实际上可以实现生物体内的免疫应答中Th1/Th2平衡的变化、Th2型免疫中选择性高的抑制。
鉴于通过PD-1激动剂刺激向Th2细胞的功能分化被强烈抑制的目前的知识,作为可以期待PD-1激动剂的有效性的疾病之一,引出变态反应性疾病。变态反应性疾病是包括哮喘、特应性皮炎、花粉症、食物·药物变态反应的患者数非常多的疾病,但该患者数在近年来世界规模下有迅速增加的倾向,强烈要求对该疾病的有效治疗法方法。这些变态反应性疾病是通过Th2型细胞因子产生诱导的免疫反应,其特征性变化是嗜酸性粒细胞优势的炎症像和血中IgE抗体浓度的增加。增加的IgE抗体促进肥大细胞的活化,增强炎症。对于IgE抗体浓度的提高,产生它的B细胞的增加是直接原因,但诱导抗体向IgE的类别转换的是从Th2细胞释放的IL-4、IL-13等细胞因子的作用。除了它们之外,Th2细胞还可以通过产生IL-5诱导嗜酸性粒细胞的活化。即,由于Th2细胞通过IL-4、IL-13增加B细胞中的IgE产生,同时使用IL-5使嗜酸性粒细胞优势性炎症亢进,认为变态反应性疾病的病理状态中Th2细胞的增加起主要作用。因此,在辅助T细胞的功能分化的平衡显著偏向Th2优势的情形中,认为很快与变态反应性疾病的发病关联。根据以上背景提示,变态反应性疾病的治疗中过度的Th2型免疫反应的抑制是有效的。
根据PD-1激动剂对向Th2细胞的功能分化的抑制作用特别强的我们的新知识,在通过Th2细胞起主要作用引起的变态反应性疾病的发病抑制、治疗中,认为PD-1激动剂有效。因而,利用通过小鼠中吸入尘螨的抗原诱导病理状态的哮喘的动物实验模型,验证对变态反应性哮喘的效果。该实验以用尘螨的抗原敏化、从一周期间后连日吸入同一抗原的时间表实施,但为了首先研究抗PD-1激动剂抗体对该疾病的有效性,在敏化时间开始施用抗PD-1激动剂抗体。其后,以每周2次的频率继续抗PD-1激动剂抗体的施用,从敏化开始二周时期后使小鼠安乐死,进行分析。J116施用的结果,向肺胞内的嗜酸性粒细胞的浸润显著减少(图7)。此外,与之对应,分析肺胞内浸润的CD4+ T细胞时,产生IL-5、IL-13的那种减少(图8)。
在代替J116使用具有更强激动剂活性的HM266的情形中,得到对变态反应性炎症的抗炎症效果也被强化的结果。通过HM266的施用,嗜酸性粒细胞和CD4+ T细胞向肺胞内的浸润被抑制,对于CD4+ T细胞,产生IL-4、IL-5、IL-13的那种全面减少(图9、10)。如与Th2细胞的减少相关螨抗原特异性IgE的血中浓度也大大减少,显示实际上Th2型免疫被抑制(图10)。进一步,验证治疗环境(治疗方案)下的抗PD-1激动剂抗体的有效性。在该情形中,HM266的施用在开始抗原连日吸入3天后仅进行一次,但嗜酸性粒细胞和产生Th2型的细胞因子的CD4+ T细胞的浸润被显著抑制(图9、10)。以上结果显示,PD-1激动剂作为对变态反应性炎症的预防药和治疗药有用。
作为另一种I型变态反应疾病模型,研究抗PD-1激动剂抗体对特应性皮炎诱导的抗炎症效果。向人PD-1敲入小鼠的耳廓涂敷MC903诱导变态反应性皮炎时,同时施用HM266时,耳廓的肿胀被显著抑制(图11)。此时变态反应性炎症反应的抑制值得关注,如血中IgE浓度的显著减少、耳廓组织中浸润的嗜酸性粒细胞数目、进一步通过小鼠的搔抓行为的减少所见。进一步,为了研究HM266的治疗性施用效果从诱导耳廓的肿胀后(第12天)开始HM266施用时,在该治疗环境中,也同样观察到IgE浓度的大幅减少和嗜酸性粒细胞数的减少(图11)。这些结果提示,PD-1激动剂在I型变态反应等Th2型免疫介导的所有疾病的治疗中可以起作用。
迄今为止,存在哮喘的动物模型中抑制PD-1、PD-L1或PD-L2的现有研究,但其结果杂乱,存在完全相反的报告。因此,本病理状态中PD-1的作用存在相当的讨论余地。据报告,在阻断PD一1/PD-L1的情形中变态反应性炎症恶化,但该论文的作者未承认Th2的增强,给出的结论是通过Th17型免疫的增强[11]。与之相对,也报告了PD-1/PD-L1的阻断不引起炎症的恶化。在这些情形中,在进行PD-L2的阻断的情形中炎症被增强[12-14],成为如IL-5、IL-13的增加、IFN-γ的减少所示的Th2优势性免疫状态[12]。但是,在同一研究中,未显示PD-1的阻断对炎症的影响,该论文的作者给出的结论是,通过该PD-L2阻断的变化是PD-1非依赖性现象。关于哮喘与PD-L2的研究,也存在施用PD-L2-Fc。在该论文中,体外加入的PD-L2-Fc抑制从T细胞的细胞因子产生,但在体内施用同一物质的情形中,相反地引起炎症的恶化同时IL-5、IL-13和IgE的增加,与体外的实验结果缺乏一致性[6]。此外,也难以说该结果与进行PD-L2阻断时炎症增强的报告一致。
总结现有报告,已知迄今为止PD-1刺激抑制各种细胞因子,但不存在选择性抑制Th2细胞的报告。关于CD4+ T细胞的功能分化中PD-1激动剂的作用,迄今为止也不存在提示Th2分化的敏感性特别强的研究。进一步,如关于哮喘模型中PD-1的作用提出互相矛盾的结果,不能说观点已被确立。其中也不存在显示通过PD-1刺激引起Th2型免疫、进而哮喘和变态反应性皮炎的抑制的报告。
对于这样的状况,我们的研究结果发现,Th1和Th2细胞对PD-1的刺激的敏感性存在差异,向Th2细胞的功能分化通过PD-1刺激被强烈阻碍,显示通过PD-1激动剂、特别是抗PD-1激动剂抗体的使用,可以使Th1、Th2的免疫平衡变化,控制Th2介导的生物体应答。阐明了实际上即使在体内,通过抗PD-1激动剂抗体的施用,也抑制小鼠中的Th2型免疫的建立,组织中的变态反应性炎症被显著抑制。目前的结果显示,抗PD-1激动剂抗体可以纠正偏向Th2型的免疫平衡,实际上在Th2介导的疾病、特别是I型变态反应和嗜酸性粒细胞疾病的预防和治疗中有用。
参考文献
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本说明书中引用的全部出版物、专利和专利申请原样作为参考并入本说明书。
产业上的可利用性
本发明可以在如I型变态反应和嗜酸性粒细胞疾病的Th2介导的疾病的治疗和/或预防中利用。
序列表自由文本
克隆名称:HM-266
VH氨基酸序列
VH DNA序列
VL氨基酸序列
VL DNA序列
克隆名称:HM-647
VH氨基酸序列
VH DNA序列
VL氨基酸序列
VL DNA序列
克隆名称:HM-698
VH氨基酸序列
VH DNA序列
VL氨基酸序列
VL DNA序列
小鼠IgG1 CH
氨基酸序列
DNA序列
小鼠IgkCL
氨基酸序列
DNA序列
人IgG1-K322A CH氨基酸序列
IgG1-K322A CH碱基序列
IgG4-S228P CH氨基酸序列
IgG4-S228P CH碱基序列
人Igk CL氨基酸序列
CL碱基序列
gRNA(5’-GCCAGGGGCTCTGGGCATGT-3’)(序列编号23)来源:人工的
人PD-1的氨基酸序列
小鼠PD-1的氨基酸序列
序列表
<110> 国立研究开发法人医药基盘·健康·营养研究所
公益财团法人神户医疗产业都市推进机构
明治制果药业株式会社
<120> 用于预防和/或治疗Th2介导的疾病的含有PD-1激动剂的药物组合物
<130> FP-294PCT
<140> JP2020-090526
<141> 2020-05-25
<160> 25
<170> PatentIn version 3.5
<210> 1
<211> 117
<212> PRT
<213> 小鼠(Mus musculus)
<400> 1
Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala
1 5 10 15
Ser Val Lys Met Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser Tyr
20 25 30
Tyr Ile Gln Trp Val Lys Gln Arg Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile
35 40 45
Gly Trp Ile Tyr Pro Gly Asp Gly Ser Ser Lys Tyr Asn Glu Lys Phe
50 55 60
Lys Gly Lys Thr Thr Leu Thr Ala Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr
65 70 75 80
Met Leu Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser Gly Ile Tyr Phe Cys
85 90 95
Ala Ser Tyr Tyr Gly Ser Ser Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Thr
100 105 110
Leu Thr Val Ser Ser
115
<210> 2
<211> 351
<212> DNA
<213> 小鼠(Mus musculus)
<400> 2
caggtccagc tgcagcagtc tggacctgag ctggtgaagc ctggggcttc agtgaagatg 60
tcctgcaagg cttctggcta caccttcaca agctactata tacagtgggt gaagcagagg 120
cctggacagg gacttgagtg gattggatgg atttatcctg gagatggtag tagcaagtac 180
aatgagaagt tcaagggcaa gaccacactg actgcagaca aatcctccag cacagcctac 240
atgttgctca gcagcctgac ctctgaggac tctgggatct atttctgtgc aagttactac 300
ggtagtagtt ttgactactg gggccaaggc accactctca cagtctcctc a 351
<210> 3
<211> 107
<212> PRT
<213> 小鼠(Mus musculus)
<400> 3
Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Thr Thr Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Leu Gly
1 5 10 15
Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Ser Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Asp Ile Ser Asn Tyr
20 25 30
Leu Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Asp Gly Thr Val Lys Phe Leu Ile
35 40 45
Tyr Tyr Ser Ser Arg Leu His Ser Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly
50 55 60
Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Tyr Ser Leu Thr Ile Ser Asn Leu Glu Gln
65 70 75 80
Glu Asp Ile Ala Thr Tyr Phe Cys Gln Gln Gly Ser Thr Leu Pro Phe
85 90 95
Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys
100 105
<210> 4
<211> 321
<212> DNA
<213> 小鼠(Mus musculus)
<400> 4
gatatccaga tgacacagac tacatcctcc ctgtctgcct ctctgggaga cagagtcacc 60
atcagttgca gggcaagtca ggacattagc aattatttaa actggtatca gcagaaacca 120
gatggaactg ttaaattcct aatatactac tcatcaagat tacactcagg agtcccatca 180
aggttcagtg gcagtgggtc tggaacagat tattctctca ccattagcaa cctggagcag 240
gaagatattg ccacttactt ttgccagcag ggtagtacgc ttccgttcac gttcggaggg 300
gggaccaagc tggaaataaa a 321
<210> 5
<211> 116
<212> PRT
<213> 小鼠(Mus musculus)
<400> 5
Glu Val Leu Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala
1 5 10 15
Ser Val Lys Ile Thr Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Asp Tyr
20 25 30
Asn Met Asp Trp Val Lys Gln Ser His Gly Lys Ser Leu Glu Trp Ile
35 40 45
Gly Asp Ile Asp Pro Asn Asn Gly Gly Thr Val Tyr Asn Gln Lys Phe
50 55 60
Lys Asp Lys Ala Ser Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser Thr Gly Tyr
65 70 75 80
Met Glu Leu Arg Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys
85 90 95
Ala Arg Trp Arg Ser Ala Met Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Ser Val
100 105 110
Thr Val Ser Ser
115
<210> 6
<211> 348
<212> DNA
<213> 小鼠(Mus musculus)
<400> 6
gaggtcctgc tgcaacagtc tggacctgag ctggtgaagc ctggggcttc agtgaagata 60
acctgcaagg cttctggata cacattcact gactacaaca tggactgggt gaagcagagc 120
catggaaaga gccttgagtg gattggagat attgatccta acaatggtgg tactgtctac 180
aaccagaagt tcaaggacaa ggcctcattg actgtagaca agtcctccag cacaggctac 240
atggagctcc gcagcctgac atctgaggac actgcggtct attactgtgc aagatggcgg 300
agtgctatgg actactgggg tcaaggaacc tcagtcaccg tctcctca 348
<210> 7
<211> 107
<212> PRT
<213> 小鼠(Mus musculus)
<400> 7
Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Pro Thr Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Leu Gly
1 5 10 15
Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Ser Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Asp Ile Ser Asn Tyr
20 25 30
Leu Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Asp Gly Thr Val Lys Leu Leu Ile
35 40 45
Ser Tyr Thr Ser Arg Leu His Ser Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly
50 55 60
Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Tyr Ser Leu Thr Ile Ser Asn Leu Glu Gln
65 70 75 80
Val Asp Ile Ala Thr Tyr Phe Cys Gln Gln Tyr Ser Thr Leu Pro Trp
85 90 95
Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Ser Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys
100 105
<210> 8
<211> 321
<212> DNA
<213> 小鼠(Mus musculus)
<400> 8
gatatccaga tgacacagcc tacatcctcc ctgtctgcct ctctgggaga cagagtcacc 60
atcagttgca gggcaagtca ggacattagc aattatttaa actggtatca acagaaacca 120
gatggaactg ttaaactcct gatctcctac acatcaagat tacactcagg agtcccatca 180
aggttcagtg gcagtgggtc tggaacagat tattctctca ccattagcaa cctggagcag 240
gtagatattg ccacttactt ttgccaacag tatagtacgc ttccgtggac gttcggtgga 300
ggctccaagc tggaaatcaa a 321
<210> 9
<211> 116
<212> PRT
<213> 小鼠(Mus musculus)
<400> 9
Glu Val Leu Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala
1 5 10 15
Ser Val Lys Ile Pro Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Asp Tyr
20 25 30
Asn Met Asp Trp Val Lys Gln Ser His Gly Lys Ser Leu Glu Trp Ile
35 40 45
Gly Asp Ile Asp Pro Asn Asn Gly Gly Thr Val Tyr Asn Gln Lys Phe
50 55 60
Lys Gly Lys Ala Ser Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr
65 70 75 80
Met Glu Leu Arg Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys
85 90 95
Ala Arg Trp Arg Ser Ala Met Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Ser Val
100 105 110
Thr Val Ser Ser
115
<210> 10
<211> 348
<212> DNA
<213> 小鼠(Mus musculus)
<400> 10
gaggtcctgc tgcaacagtc tggacctgaa ctagtgaagc ctggggcttc agtgaagata 60
ccctgcaagg cttctggata cacattcact gactacaaca tggactgggt gaagcagagc 120
catggaaaga gccttgagtg gattggagat attgatccta acaatggtgg tactgtctac 180
aaccagaagt tcaagggcaa ggcctcattg actgtagaca agtcctccag cacagcctac 240
atggagctcc gcagcctgac atctgaggac actgcggtct attactgtgc aagatggcgg 300
agtgctatgg actactgggg tcaaggaacc tcagtcaccg tctcctca 348
<210> 11
<211> 107
<212> PRT
<213> 小鼠(Mus musculus)
<400> 11
Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Thr Thr Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Leu Gly
1 5 10 15
Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Ser Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Asp Ile Ser Asn Tyr
20 25 30
Leu Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Asp Gly Thr Val Lys Leu Leu Ile
35 40 45
Tyr Tyr Thr Ser Arg Leu His Ser Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly
50 55 60
Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Tyr Ser Leu Thr Ile Ser Asn Leu Glu Gln
65 70 75 80
Glu Asp Ile Ala Thr Tyr Phe Cys Gln Gln Tyr Asn Thr Leu Pro Trp
85 90 95
Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys
100 105
<210> 12
<211> 321
<212> DNA
<213> 小鼠(Mus musculus)
<400> 12
gatatccaga tgacacagac tacatcctcc ctgtctgcct ctctgggaga cagagtcacc 60
atcagttgca gggcaagtca ggacattagc aattatttaa actggtatca gcagaaacca 120
gatggaactg ttaaactcct gatctactac acatcaagat tacactcagg agtcccatca 180
aggttcagtg gcagtgggtc tggaacagat tattctctca ccattagcaa cctggagcaa 240
gaagatattg ccacttactt ttgccaacag tataatacgc ttccgtggac gttcggtgga 300
ggcaccaaac tggaaatcaa a 321
<210> 13
<211> 324
<212> PRT
<213> 小鼠(Mus musculus)
<400> 13
Ala Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Ser Val Tyr Pro Leu Ala Pro Gly Ser Ala
1 5 10 15
Ala Gln Thr Asn Ser Met Val Thr Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Tyr
20 25 30
Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Thr Trp Asn Ser Gly Ser Leu Ser Ser
35 40 45
Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Glu Ser Asp Leu Tyr Thr Leu
50 55 60
Ser Ser Ser Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Pro Arg Pro Ser Glu Thr Val
65 70 75 80
Thr Cys Asn Val Ala His Pro Ala Ser Ser Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys
85 90 95
Ile Val Pro Arg Asp Cys Gly Cys Lys Pro Cys Ile Cys Thr Val Pro
100 105 110
Glu Val Ser Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Val Leu
115 120 125
Thr Ile Thr Leu Thr Pro Lys Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Ile Ser
130 135 140
Lys Asp Asp Pro Glu Val Gln Phe Ser Trp Phe Val Asp Asp Val Glu
145 150 155 160
Val His Thr Ala Gln Thr Gln Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Phe Asn Ser Thr
165 170 175
Phe Arg Ser Val Ser Glu Leu Pro Ile Met His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn
180 185 190
Gly Lys Glu Phe Lys Cys Arg Val Asn Ser Ala Ala Phe Pro Ala Pro
195 200 205
Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Thr Lys Gly Arg Pro Lys Ala Pro Gln
210 215 220
Val Tyr Thr Ile Pro Pro Pro Lys Glu Gln Met Ala Lys Asp Lys Val
225 230 235 240
Ser Leu Thr Cys Met Ile Thr Asp Phe Phe Pro Glu Asp Ile Thr Val
245 250 255
Glu Trp Gln Trp Asn Gly Gln Pro Ala Glu Asn Tyr Lys Asn Thr Gln
260 265 270
Pro Ile Met Asn Thr Asn Gly Ser Tyr Phe Val Tyr Ser Lys Leu Asn
275 280 285
Val Gln Lys Ser Asn Trp Glu Ala Gly Asn Thr Phe Thr Cys Ser Val
290 295 300
Leu His Glu Gly Leu His Asn His His Thr Glu Lys Ser Leu Ser His
305 310 315 320
Ser Pro Gly Lys
<210> 14
<211> 972
<212> DNA
<213> 小鼠(Mus musculus)
<400> 14
gccaaaacga cacccccatc tgtctatcca ctggcccctg gatctgctgc ccaaactaac 60
tccatggtga ccctgggatg cctggtcaag ggctatttcc ctgagccagt gacagtgacc 120
tggaactctg gatccctgtc cagcggtgtg cacaccttcc cagctgtcct ggagtctgac 180
ctctacactc tgagcagctc agtgactgtc ccctccagcc ctcggcccag cgagaccgtc 240
acctgcaacg ttgcccaccc ggccagcagc accaaggtgg acaagaaaat tgtgcccagg 300
gattgtggtt gtaagccttg catatgtaca gtcccagaag tatcatctgt cttcatcttc 360
cccccaaagc ccaaggatgt gctcaccatt actctgactc ctaaggtcac gtgtgttgtg 420
gtagacatca gcaaggatga tcccgaggtc cagttcagct ggtttgtaga tgatgtggag 480
gtgcacacag ctcagacgca accccgggag gagcagttca acagcacttt ccgctcagtc 540
agtgaacttc ccatcatgca ccaggactgg ctcaatggca aggagttcaa atgcagggtc 600
aacagtgcag ctttccctgc ccccatcgag aaaaccatct ccaaaaccaa aggcagaccg 660
aaggctccac aggtgtacac cattccacct cccaaggagc agatggccaa ggataaagtc 720
agtctgacct gcatgataac agacttcttc cctgaagaca ttactgtgga gtggcagtgg 780
aatgggcagc cagcggagaa ctacaagaac actcagccca tcatgaacac gaatggctct 840
tacttcgtct acagcaagct caatgtgcag aagagcaact gggaggcagg aaatactttc 900
acctgctctg tgttacatga gggcctgcac aaccaccata ctgagaagag cctctcccac 960
tctcctggta aa 972
<210> 15
<211> 107
<212> PRT
<213> 小鼠(Mus musculus)
<400> 15
Arg Ala Asp Ala Ala Pro Thr Val Ser Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Ser Glu
1 5 10 15
Gln Leu Thr Ser Gly Gly Ala Ser Val Val Cys Phe Leu Asn Asn Phe
20 25 30
Tyr Pro Lys Asp Ile Asn Val Lys Trp Lys Ile Asp Gly Ser Glu Arg
35 40 45
Gln Asn Gly Val Leu Asn Ser Trp Thr Asp Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser
50 55 60
Thr Tyr Ser Met Ser Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Thr Lys Asp Glu Tyr Glu
65 70 75 80
Arg His Asn Ser Tyr Thr Cys Glu Ala Thr His Lys Thr Ser Thr Ser
85 90 95
Pro Ile Val Lys Ser Phe Asn Arg Asn Glu Cys
100 105
<210> 16
<211> 321
<212> DNA
<213> 小鼠(Mus musculus)
<400> 16
cgggctgatg ctgcaccaac tgtatccatc ttcccaccat ccagtgagca gttaacatct 60
ggaggtgcct cagtcgtgtg cttcttgaac aacttctacc ccaaagacat caatgtcaag 120
tggaagattg atggcagtga acgacaaaat ggcgtcctga acagttggac tgatcaggac 180
agcaaagaca gcacctacag catgagcagc accctcacgt tgaccaagga cgagtatgaa 240
cgacataaca gctatacctg tgaggccact cacaagacat caacttcacc cattgtcaag 300
agcttcaaca ggaatgagtg t 321
<210> 17
<211> 330
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<220>
<223> 人IgG1-K322A CH氨基酸序列
<400> 17
Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys
1 5 10 15
Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr
20 25 30
Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser
35 40 45
Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser
50 55 60
Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr
65 70 75 80
Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys
85 90 95
Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys
100 105 110
Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro
115 120 125
Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys
130 135 140
Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp
145 150 155 160
Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu
165 170 175
Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu
180 185 190
His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Ala Val Ser Asn
195 200 205
Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly
210 215 220
Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu
225 230 235 240
Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr
245 250 255
Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn
260 265 270
Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe
275 280 285
Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn
290 295 300
Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr
305 310 315 320
Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys
325 330
<210> 18
<211> 993
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<220>
<223> 人IgG1-K322A CH碱基序列
<400> 18
gcgtcgacca agggcccctc cgtgttcccc ctggccccct cctccaagtc cacctccggc 60
ggcaccgccg ccctgggctg cctggtgaag gactacttcc ccgagcccgt gaccgtgtcc 120
tggaactccg gcgccctgac ctccggcgtg cacaccttcc ccgccgtgct ccagtcctcc 180
ggcctgtact ccctgtcctc cgtggtgacc gtgccctcct cctccctggg cacccagacc 240
tacatctgca acgtgaacca caagccctcc aacaccaagg tggacaagaa ggtcgagccc 300
aagtcctgcg acaagaccca cacctgcccc ccctgccccg cccccgagct gctgggcggc 360
ccctccgtgt tcctgttccc ccccaagccc aaggacaccc tgatgatctc caggaccccc 420
gaggtgacct gcgtggtggt ggacgtgtcc cacgaggacc ccgaggtgaa gttcaactgg 480
tacgtggacg gcgtggaggt gcacaacgcc aagaccaagc ccagggagga gcagtacaac 540
tccacctaca gggtggtgtc cgtgctgacc gtgctgcacc aggactggct gaacggcaag 600
gagtacaagt gcgccgtgtc caacaaggcc ctgcccgccc ccatcgagaa gaccatctcc 660
aaggccaagg gccagcccag ggagccccag gtgtacaccc tgcccccctc cagggacgag 720
ctgaccaaga accaggtgtc cctgacctgc ctggtgaagg gcttctaccc ctccgacatc 780
gccgtggagt gggagtccaa cggccagccc gagaacaact acaagaccac cccccccgtg 840
ctggactccg acggctcctt cttcctgtac tccaagctga ccgtggacaa gtccaggtgg 900
cagcagggca acgtgttctc ctgctccgtg atgcacgagg ccctgcacaa ccactacacc 960
cagaagtccc tgtccctgtc ccccggcaag 993
<210> 19
<211> 327
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<220>
<223> IgG4-S228P CH氨基酸序列
<400> 19
Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Cys Ser Arg
1 5 10 15
Ser Thr Ser Glu Ser Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr
20 25 30
Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser
35 40 45
Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser
50 55 60
Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Lys Thr
65 70 75 80
Tyr Thr Cys Asn Val Asp His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys
85 90 95
Arg Val Glu Ser Lys Tyr Gly Pro Pro Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro
100 105 110
Glu Phe Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys
115 120 125
Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val
130 135 140
Asp Val Ser Gln Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Gln Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp
145 150 155 160
Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Phe
165 170 175
Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp
180 185 190
Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Gly Leu
195 200 205
Pro Ser Ser Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg
210 215 220
Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Gln Glu Glu Met Thr Lys
225 230 235 240
Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp
245 250 255
Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys
260 265 270
Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser
275 280 285
Arg Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Glu Gly Asn Val Phe Ser
290 295 300
Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser
305 310 315 320
Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly Arg
325
<210> 20
<211> 984
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<220>
<223> IgG4-S228P CH碱基序列
<400> 20
gcctcaacga agggtccttc tgtctttccc ttggcacctt gttctcggtc cacaagcgag 60
agcaccgcgg ctctgggctg cttggtgaaa gactacttcc ccgagcccgt tacagtgtcc 120
tggaacagtg gagctttgac ttctggggtg catactttcc cagctgtgct gcagtctagc 180
ggactctata gccttagctc agtggtaact gtaccttctt cctcactcgg gaccaaaacc 240
tacacatgca atgtggacca caaacccagt aataccaaag tggacaaacg tgtcgagtcc 300
aaatatggcc cgccctgtcc accttgtcca gctccagaat ttctgggagg acctagcgta 360
ttcctgtttc ctccgaaacc taaggatacg ctcatgattt ctcgcactcc cgaagtgaca 420
tgtgttgtgg tcgacgtgag tcaagaagat ccagaggttc agttcaactg gtatgtcgat 480
ggggttgagg tccacaatgc caagactaag cctagagagg agcagtttaa ctccacatac 540
cgagtcgtgt cagtgctgac cgtcctgcat caggactggc tcaatgggaa ggagtacaaa 600
tgcaaagtct ccaataaggg cctgccaagt agcatagaaa agaccatttc aaaagcgaaa 660
ggccaacccc gggaacccca ggtgtatacc ctgccaccaa gccaagagga gatgaccaag 720
aatcaggtta gtctcacttg cctggtcaaa ggattctatc cctctgacat cgccgtcgaa 780
tgggagtcca atggccagcc cgaaaacaac tacaagacca cacctccagt tctggacagc 840
gacggtagtt tcttcctgta ctcacgcctg acagtggaca agagcagatg gcaggaaggc 900
aacgtattca gctgctccgt gatgcacgaa gccctgcaca atcactacac acagaagagt 960
ttgagccttt cccctggtag a 984
<210> 21
<211> 107
<212> PRT
<213> 智人(Homo sapiens)
<400> 21
Arg Thr Val Ala Ala Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu
1 5 10 15
Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe
20 25 30
Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln
35 40 45
Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser
50 55 60
Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu
65 70 75 80
Lys His Lys Val Tyr Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser
85 90 95
Pro Val Thr Lys Ser Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys
100 105
<210> 22
<211> 324
<212> DNA
<213> 智人(Homo sapiens)
<400> 22
cgaactgtag ccgcaccaag cgtgttcatc tttccgccat ccgatgaaca gctgaagtca 60
ggcacagcgt cagttgtctg tctcctcaac aacttctacc ccagagaggc caaagtgcag 120
tggaaagtgg acaatgccct gcagtcaggc aattctcagg aatctgtgac agagcaggac 180
tccaaagaca gtacctatag cctgtctagc acactgacgc tctctaaggc cgactatgag 240
aagcacaagg tctatgcctg tgaagtgaca catcaagggc tgagcagtcc agtcactaag 300
agcttcaatc gtggggaatg c 324
<210> 23
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<220>
<223> gRNA
<400> 23
gccaggggct ctgggcatgt 20
<210> 24
<211> 288
<212> PRT
<213> 智人(Homo sapiens)
<400> 24
Met Gln Ile Pro Gln Ala Pro Trp Pro Val Val Trp Ala Val Leu Gln
1 5 10 15
Leu Gly Trp Arg Pro Gly Trp Phe Leu Asp Ser Pro Asp Arg Pro Trp
20 25 30
Asn Pro Pro Thr Phe Ser Pro Ala Leu Leu Val Val Thr Glu Gly Asp
35 40 45
Asn Ala Thr Phe Thr Cys Ser Phe Ser Asn Thr Ser Glu Ser Phe Val
50 55 60
Leu Asn Trp Tyr Arg Met Ser Pro Ser Asn Gln Thr Asp Lys Leu Ala
65 70 75 80
Ala Phe Pro Glu Asp Arg Ser Gln Pro Gly Gln Asp Cys Arg Phe Arg
85 90 95
Val Thr Gln Leu Pro Asn Gly Arg Asp Phe His Met Ser Val Val Arg
100 105 110
Ala Arg Arg Asn Asp Ser Gly Thr Tyr Leu Cys Gly Ala Ile Ser Leu
115 120 125
Ala Pro Lys Ala Gln Ile Lys Glu Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Leu Arg Val
130 135 140
Thr Glu Arg Arg Ala Glu Val Pro Thr Ala His Pro Ser Pro Ser Pro
145 150 155 160
Arg Pro Ala Gly Gln Phe Gln Thr Leu Val Val Gly Val Val Gly Gly
165 170 175
Leu Leu Gly Ser Leu Val Leu Leu Val Trp Val Leu Ala Val Ile Cys
180 185 190
Ser Arg Ala Ala Arg Gly Thr Ile Gly Ala Arg Arg Thr Gly Gln Pro
195 200 205
Leu Lys Glu Asp Pro Ser Ala Val Pro Val Phe Ser Val Asp Tyr Gly
210 215 220
Glu Leu Asp Phe Gln Trp Arg Glu Lys Thr Pro Glu Pro Pro Val Pro
225 230 235 240
Cys Val Pro Glu Gln Thr Glu Tyr Ala Thr Ile Val Phe Pro Ser Gly
245 250 255
Met Gly Thr Ser Ser Pro Ala Arg Arg Gly Ser Ala Asp Gly Pro Arg
260 265 270
Ser Ala Gln Pro Leu Arg Pro Glu Asp Gly His Cys Ser Trp Pro Leu
275 280 285
<210> 25
<211> 288
<212> PRT
<213> 小鼠(Mus musculus)
<400> 25
Met Trp Val Arg Gln Val Pro Trp Ser Phe Thr Trp Ala Val Leu Gln
1 5 10 15
Leu Ser Trp Gln Ser Gly Trp Leu Leu Glu Val Pro Asn Gly Pro Trp
20 25 30
Arg Ser Leu Thr Phe Tyr Pro Ala Trp Leu Thr Val Ser Glu Gly Ala
35 40 45
Asn Ala Thr Phe Thr Cys Ser Leu Ser Asn Trp Ser Glu Asp Leu Met
50 55 60
Leu Asn Trp Asn Arg Leu Ser Pro Ser Asn Gln Thr Glu Lys Gln Ala
65 70 75 80
Ala Phe Cys Asn Gly Leu Ser Gln Pro Val Gln Asp Ala Arg Phe Gln
85 90 95
Ile Ile Gln Leu Pro Asn Arg His Asp Phe His Met Asn Ile Leu Asp
100 105 110
Thr Arg Arg Asn Asp Ser Gly Ile Tyr Leu Cys Gly Ala Ile Ser Leu
115 120 125
His Pro Lys Ala Lys Ile Glu Glu Ser Pro Gly Ala Glu Leu Val Val
130 135 140
Thr Glu Arg Ile Leu Glu Thr Ser Thr Arg Tyr Pro Ser Pro Ser Pro
145 150 155 160
Lys Pro Glu Gly Arg Phe Gln Gly Met Val Ile Gly Ile Met Ser Ala
165 170 175
Leu Val Gly Ile Pro Val Leu Leu Leu Leu Ala Trp Ala Leu Ala Val
180 185 190
Phe Cys Ser Thr Ser Met Ser Glu Ala Arg Gly Ala Gly Ser Lys Asp
195 200 205
Asp Thr Leu Lys Glu Glu Pro Ser Ala Ala Pro Val Pro Ser Val Ala
210 215 220
Tyr Glu Glu Leu Asp Phe Gln Gly Arg Glu Lys Thr Pro Glu Leu Pro
225 230 235 240
Thr Ala Cys Val His Thr Glu Tyr Ala Thr Ile Val Phe Thr Glu Gly
245 250 255
Leu Gly Ala Ser Ala Met Gly Arg Arg Gly Ser Ala Asp Gly Leu Gln
260 265 270
Gly Pro Arg Pro Pro Arg His Glu Asp Gly His Cys Ser Trp Pro Leu
275 280 285
Claims (10)
1.用于治疗或预防Th2介导的疾病的药物组合物,其包含有效量的PD-1激动剂。
2.权利要求1中所述的药物组合物,其中,所述PD-1激动剂是抗PD-1激动剂抗体或其功能片段。
3.权利要求1或2中所述的药物组合物,其中,所述Th2介导的疾病是I型变态反应。
4.权利要求1或2中所述的药物组合物,其中,所述Th2介导的疾病是嗜酸性粒细胞疾病。
5.权利要求1或2中所述的药物组合物,其中,所述Th2介导的疾病是选自支气管哮喘、特应性皮炎、变态反应性鼻炎、药物变态反应、食物变态反应、过敏反应、变态反应性结膜炎、荨麻疹、嗜酸性粒细胞鼻窦炎、嗜酸性粒细胞消化器官疾病、变态反应性支气管肺曲霉病的疾病。
6.Th2介导的疾病的预防和/或治疗方法,其包括向对象施用有效量的PD-1激动剂。
7.PD-1激动剂,其用于Th2介导的疾病的预防和/或治疗。
8.PD-1激动剂用于Th2介导的疾病的预防和/或治疗的应用。
9.用于通过Th2型细胞因子的抑制而抑制IgE产生的PD-1激动剂及其应用。
10.用于通过Th2型细胞因子的抑制而抑制嗜酸性粒细胞的活化的PD-1激动剂及其应用。
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PCT/JP2021/019676 WO2021241523A1 (ja) | 2020-05-25 | 2021-05-24 | Th2介在性疾患を治療または予防するためのPD-1アゴニスト含有医薬組成物 |
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US (1) | US20230183347A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP4159235A4 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPWO2021241523A1 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20230015348A (zh) |
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CN107149530A (zh) * | 2016-03-04 | 2017-09-12 | 吴东 | 一种洗头装置 |
EA201990747A1 (ru) * | 2016-09-19 | 2019-10-31 | Способы лечения иммунных нарушений с применением белков, связывающих pd–1 | |
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- 2021-05-24 US US17/923,996 patent/US20230183347A1/en active Pending
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TW202210099A (zh) | 2022-03-16 |
JPWO2021241523A1 (zh) | 2021-12-02 |
US20230183347A1 (en) | 2023-06-15 |
EP4159235A1 (en) | 2023-04-05 |
WO2021241523A1 (ja) | 2021-12-02 |
EP4159235A4 (en) | 2024-07-10 |
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