CN115693160A - Planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna and common-aperture array antenna - Google Patents
Planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna and common-aperture array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN115693160A CN115693160A CN202211372173.7A CN202211372173A CN115693160A CN 115693160 A CN115693160 A CN 115693160A CN 202211372173 A CN202211372173 A CN 202211372173A CN 115693160 A CN115693160 A CN 115693160A
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Abstract
The application provides a coaxial broadband dual polarized antenna of planar waveguide and common bore array antenna, the coaxial broadband dual polarized antenna of planar waveguide includes: the waveguide cavity is used for exciting a high-frequency band signal, and the four-ridge waveguide component is superposed on the bottom waveguide cavity and used for exciting a low-frequency band signal; the four-ridge waveguide component is provided with two mutually vertical T-shaped microstrip branches to form a mutually vertical dual-polarization mode, and the four-ridge waveguide component is also provided with mutually vertical planar waveguide coaxial lines which are respectively connected with the two T-shaped microstrip branches one by one and are used for respectively carrying out dual-polarization excitation on low-frequency band signals. The planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna is compact in structure, low in loss, wide in impedance bandwidth, capable of achieving dual polarization and capable of being applied to dual-frequency common-aperture.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna and a common-aperture array antenna.
Background
In recent years, the application of satellite communication system technology is rapidly developed, and unprecedented development opportunities are brought to novel antenna technology and microwave/millimeter wave circuit technology. But the market is more challenged to meet various requirements such as miniaturization, high integration, broadband and the like. Dual-wire polarization is a widely used technique that can improve the communication capacity and the quality of the received signal in a given frequency spectrum due to its ability to combat multipath fading. Microstrip lines and dielectric integrated waveguides (SIWs) are commonly used to implement dual-polarized antenna arrays, however, the efficiency and gain of these antennas are often limited due to the high dielectric loss of the dielectric substrate, especially in the Gao Weibo band.
At present, most of the existing waveguide dual-polarized array antennas adopt cross-shaped grooves, square grooves or magnetoelectric dipoles to realize dual polarization. To facilitate the layout of the feed network, a one-to-four back cavity was used to excite the 2 x 2 sub-array in all of these operations. The period between array elements in the relevant plane should be reduced as much as possible in view of grating lobe suppression, resulting in a narrower achievable operating bandwidth. Therefore, implementing a broadband dual-polarized antenna is particularly important for satellite communication applications. The planar coaxial waveguide has a high Q value and low loss. The coaxial TEM mode has coaxial line characteristics and can propagate a TEM mode, so that the coaxial TEM mode has more potential in miniaturization while ensuring low loss.
With the rapid development of satellite communication technology, high capacity and high speed become future requirements, and new satellite communication systems need to be developed, multi-band satellite communication networks need to be established, and new frequency bands (such as Ka frequency bands) need to be developed, so that the data transmission speed is increased. At present, a dual-frequency dual-polarization common-aperture technology is an important development direction of a satellite communication antenna, and can enlarge communication capacity, realize one station with multiple purposes and greatly reduce cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the embodiments of the present application provide a planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna and a common aperture array antenna, so as to eliminate or improve one or more defects existing in the prior art.
One aspect of the present application provides a planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna, including: the waveguide cavity is used for exciting a high-frequency band signal, and the four-ridge waveguide component is superposed on the bottom waveguide cavity and used for exciting a low-frequency band signal;
the four-ridge waveguide component is provided with two mutually-perpendicular T-shaped microstrip branches to form a mutually-perpendicular dual-polarization mode, and is also provided with mutually-perpendicular planar waveguide coaxial lines which are respectively connected with the two T-shaped microstrip branches one by one and are used for respectively carrying out dual-polarization excitation on the low-frequency signals.
In some embodiments of the present application, the four-ridge waveguide assembly comprises: the first four-ridge waveguide cavity, the first medium substrate, the second four-ridge waveguide cavity, the second medium substrate, the third four-ridge waveguide cavity and the third medium substrate are sequentially stacked;
the T-shaped micro-strip branch nodes and the planar waveguide coaxial lines which are perpendicular to each other and connected are arranged between the first four-ridge waveguide cavity and the first dielectric substrate and between the second four-ridge waveguide cavity and the second dielectric substrate;
a cross patch group is arranged between the third four-ridge waveguide cavity and the third medium substrate, and the functions of inhibiting grating lobes and improving gain are achieved;
the first four ridge waveguide cavities are overlapped on the bottom waveguide cavity.
In some embodiments of the present application, a first T-shaped microstrip branch and a first planar waveguide coaxial line that are perpendicular to each other and connected to each other are disposed on one side of the first four-ridge waveguide cavity, which is close to the first dielectric substrate, and the first planar waveguide coaxial line is used as a first input port of the planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna to perform horizontal polarization excitation on a Ku frequency band signal;
the height of the first four-ridge waveguide cavity is initially set to be a quarter wavelength of a preset working frequency;
wherein when the first input port is excited, an input signal is converted to TE of the first four-ridge waveguide cavity by a TEM mode in the first planar waveguide coaxial line 001 And the energy coupling of the first planar waveguide coaxial line to the first four-ridge waveguide cavity is controlled by adjusting the length of the first T-shaped microstrip branch so as to realize horizontally polarized radiation.
In some embodiments of the present application, a second T-shaped microstrip branch and a second planar waveguide coaxial line that are perpendicular to each other and connected to each other are disposed on a side of the second four-ridge waveguide cavity close to the second dielectric substrate, the second T-shaped microstrip branch is perpendicular to the first T-shaped microstrip branch, the first planar waveguide coaxial line is perpendicular to the second planar waveguide coaxial line, and the second planar waveguide coaxial line is used as a second input port of the planar waveguide coaxial dual-polarized broadband antenna to perform vertical polarization excitation on a Ku frequency band signal;
the height of the second four-ridge waveguide cavity is initially set to be one eighth wavelength of a preset working frequency;
wherein when the second input port is excited, an input signal is converted to TE of the second quad-ridge waveguide cavity by a TEM mode in the second planar waveguide coaxial line 010 And in a mode, the energy coupling of the second planar waveguide coaxial line to the second four-ridge waveguide cavity is controlled by adjusting the length of the second T-shaped microstrip branch so as to realize vertically polarized radiation.
In some embodiments of the present application, the bottom waveguide cavity comprises: a square waveguide cavity;
a third input port is arranged in the square waveguide cavity; the third input port is used for exciting Ka frequency band signals and expanding the Ka frequency band signals into an input port of another millimeter wave frequency band antenna.
In some embodiments of the present application, the planar waveguide coaxial line comprises: the upper layer waveguide, the lower layer waveguide and the intermediate medium substrate are arranged in sequence;
a suspended microstrip line is coaxially arranged on one side of the middle medium substrate close to the lower layer waveguide;
the upper layer waveguide and the lower layer waveguide are filled with air to form an outer conductor; the suspended microstrip line forms an inner conductor of the planar waveguide coaxial line at the center of the outer conductor.
In some embodiments of the present application, the cross patch set is formed by a plate comprising: four cross patches;
each cross-shaped patch is printed on one side, close to the third four-ridge waveguide cavity, of the third dielectric substrate and is located on the radiation aperture surface of the third four-ridge waveguide cavity.
Another aspect of the present application also provides a common aperture array antenna, including: and the planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna has a common caliber and is connected with the planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna.
In some embodiments of the present application, the four-ridge waveguide assembly comprises: the first four-ridge waveguide cavity, the first medium substrate, the second four-ridge waveguide cavity, the second medium substrate, the third four-ridge waveguide cavity and the third medium substrate are sequentially stacked; the T-shaped micro-strip branch nodes and the planar waveguide coaxial lines which are perpendicular to each other and connected are arranged between the first four-ridge waveguide cavity and the first dielectric substrate and between the second four-ridge waveguide cavity and the second dielectric substrate;
the first four-ridge waveguide cavity in each planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna is connected with each T-shaped microstrip branch between the first dielectric substrate based on a preset first feed network;
and the T-shaped microstrip branches between the second four-ridge waveguide cavity in each planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna and the second dielectric substrate are connected based on a preset second feed network.
In some embodiments of the present application, the first feed network and the second feed network are both series-parallel combined hybrid structures;
and the first feed network and the second feed network are respectively provided with a feed delay line so as to ensure that the phases of the series excited units are consistent.
According to the planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna, the planar waveguide coaxial line is used as a feed structure of the broadband dual-polarized antenna, the planar waveguide coaxial line has the characteristics of broadband, and has the advantages of low loss and miniaturization, and the size of the coaxial line is not limited by frequency because the coaxial line has no cutoff frequency, so that the planar waveguide coaxial line has a better advantage in designing a large-scale array antenna; the four-ridge waveguide cavity assembly is used as a main body cavity of the whole antenna, and two mutually perpendicular T-shaped microstrip branches are arranged in the main body cavity to realize energy coupling of a TEM mode of a wave plane waveguide coaxial line and the four-ridge waveguide cavity, so that two mutually perpendicular polarization modes are obtained; in addition, the four-ridge waveguide component is adopted, so that the antenna structure is more compact, and the bandwidth of the antenna is expanded; by arranging the bottom waveguide cavity which can be expanded to be an input port of another millimeter wave frequency band antenna at the bottom of the antenna, a plurality of polarizations can be realized in a compact structure. That is to say, the planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna provided by the application has the advantages of compact structure, low loss, wide impedance bandwidth, dual polarization realization and application to dual-frequency common-aperture.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the application. The objectives and other advantages of the application may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the objects and advantages that can be achieved with the present application are not limited to the specific details set forth above, and that these and other objects that can be achieved with the present application will be more clearly understood from the detailed description that follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application, are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, and are not intended to limit the application. The components in the figures are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the application. For purposes of illustrating and describing certain portions of the present application, the drawings may have been enlarged, i.e., may be larger, relative to other features of the exemplary devices actually made in accordance with the present application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a planar waveguide coaxial line according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an example structure of a 2*2 common-aperture array antenna provided in this embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of return loss of the antenna.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of antenna isolation.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of return loss of two orthogonal modes of the third input port.
Fig. 7 (a) is a schematic view of the direction of the first input port.
Fig. 7 (b) is a schematic view of the direction of the second input port.
Reference numerals:
1. a first four-ridge waveguide cavity;
2. a second four-ridge waveguide cavity;
3. a third four-ridge waveguide cavity;
4. a bottom waveguide cavity;
5. a first dielectric substrate;
6. a second dielectric substrate;
7. a third dielectric substrate;
8. a first input port;
9. a second input port;
10. a third input port;
11. a cross patch group;
12. a first T-shaped microstrip branch;
13. a second T-shaped microstrip branch;
21. a lower layer waveguide;
22. an upper waveguide;
23. an intermediate dielectric substrate;
24. a suspended microstrip line;
31. a first feed network;
32. a second feed network;
33. a feed delay line;
(1) a T-shaped microstrip branch inside the upper layer in the second feed network 32;
(2) a T-shaped microstrip branch outside the upper layer in the second feed network 32;
(3) a T-shaped microstrip branch inside the lower layer in the second feed network 32;
(4) and a T-shaped microstrip stub outside the lower layer in the second feed network 32.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present application are provided to explain the present application and not to limit the present application.
Here, it should be further noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present application with unnecessary details, only the structures and/or processing steps closely related to the scheme according to the present application are shown in the drawings, and other details not so relevant to the present application are omitted.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
It should be emphasized that the term "comprises/comprising" when used herein, is taken to specify the presence of stated features, elements, steps or components, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, steps or components.
It is also noted herein that the term "coupled," if not specifically stated, may refer herein to not only a direct connection, but also an indirect connection in which an intermediate is present.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present application will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same or similar parts, or the same or similar steps.
Aiming at the problems that the insertion loss of the existing microstrip dual-polarized antenna is too large and the bandwidth of the waveguide dual-polarized antenna is narrow, the application respectively provides the embodiments of the planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna and the common-caliber array antenna, and the planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna and the common-caliber array antenna have the advantages of compact structure, low loss, wide impedance bandwidth, realization of dual polarization and application to dual-frequency common-caliber antenna design. The planar waveguide coaxial line is used as a feed structure of the broadband dual-polarized antenna, and the four-ridge waveguide cavity is used as a main body cavity of the whole antenna. Two mutually perpendicular T-shaped microstrip branches in the main body cavity realize the energy coupling of a TEM mode of a waveguide coaxial structure and the four-ridge waveguide cavity, so that two mutually perpendicular polarization modes are obtained. The planar waveguide coaxial structure has the characteristic of broadband, and in addition, the four-ridge waveguide structure is adopted, so that the antenna structure is more compact, and the bandwidth of the antenna is expanded. The square waveguide cavity at the bottom of the antenna can be expanded to be an input port of another millimeter wave frequency band antenna, so that multiple polarizations can be realized in a compact structure.
The details are explained by the following examples.
In order to design an antenna which has a compact structure, low loss, a wide impedance bandwidth, and a dual polarization, and can be applied to a dual-frequency and common-aperture antenna, an embodiment of the present application provides a planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna, which specifically includes the following contents:
the waveguide cavity is used for exciting a high-frequency band signal, and the four-ridge waveguide component is superposed on the bottom waveguide cavity and used for exciting a low-frequency band signal; by arranging the bottom waveguide cavity which can be expanded to be an input port of another millimeter wave frequency band antenna at the bottom of the antenna, a plurality of polarizations can be realized in a compact structure.
The four-ridge waveguide component is provided with two mutually perpendicular T-shaped micro-strip branches to form mutually perpendicular dual-polarization modes, and planar waveguide coaxial lines which are respectively connected with the two T-shaped micro-strip branches one by one and are mutually perpendicular are further arranged in the four-ridge waveguide component to be used for respectively carrying out dual-polarization excitation on the low-frequency-band signals. The planar waveguide coaxial line is used as a feed structure of the broadband dual-polarized antenna, has the characteristic of broadband, has the advantages of low loss and miniaturization, and has no cut-off frequency and no limitation of frequency on the size, so that the planar waveguide coaxial line has better advantage in designing large-scale array antennas. The four-ridge waveguide cavity assembly is used as a main body cavity of the whole antenna, and two mutually perpendicular T-shaped microstrip branches are arranged in the main body cavity to realize energy coupling of a TEM mode of a wave plane waveguide coaxial line and the four-ridge waveguide cavity, so that two mutually perpendicular polarization modes are obtained; in addition, the four-ridge waveguide component is adopted, so that the antenna structure is more compact, and the bandwidth of the antenna is expanded.
The planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna provided by the application is composed of a waveguide structure and a planar microstrip line which is easy to process, and is simple in structure and flexible and simple in design method.
In order to further improve the application reliability and the structural compactness of the four-ridge waveguide component, in a planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 1, the four-ridge waveguide component in the planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna specifically includes the following contents:
the first four-ridge waveguide cavity 1, the first dielectric substrate 5, the second four-ridge waveguide cavity 2, the second dielectric substrate 6, the third four-ridge waveguide cavity 3 and the third dielectric substrate 7 are sequentially stacked;
a T-shaped micro-strip branch node and a planar waveguide coaxial line which are perpendicular to each other and connected are arranged between the first four-ridge waveguide cavity 1 and the first dielectric substrate 5 and between the second four-ridge waveguide cavity 2 and the second dielectric substrate 6;
a cross patch group 11 is arranged between the third four-ridge waveguide cavity 3 and the third medium substrate 7 to play roles of suppressing grating lobes and improving gain;
the first four-ridge waveguide cavity 1 is superposed on the bottom waveguide cavity 4.
That is, the overall structure of the planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna includes: three four-ridge waveguide cavities, two planar waveguide coaxial lines, three layers of dielectric substrates, a group of cross patch groups 11 and a bottom waveguide cavity 4 positioned at the bottom of the whole antenna.
In order to further improve the application reliability and the structural compactness of the first four-ridge waveguide cavity 1, in the planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 1, a first T-shaped microstrip branch 12 and a first planar waveguide coaxial line which are perpendicular to and connected with each other are arranged on one side of the first four-ridge waveguide cavity 1 close to the first dielectric substrate 5, and the first planar waveguide coaxial line is used as a first input port 8 of the planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna to perform horizontal polarization excitation on a Ku frequency band signal;
the height of the first four-ridge waveguide cavity 1 is initially set to be a quarter wavelength of a preset working frequency;
wherein when said first input port 8 is excited, an input signal is converted to TE of said first four-ridge waveguide cavity 1 by a TEM mode in said first planar waveguide coaxial line 001 And controlling the energy coupling of the first planar waveguide coaxial line to the first four-ridge waveguide cavity 1 by adjusting the length of the first T-shaped microstrip branch 12 so as to realize horizontally polarized radiation.
In order to further improve the application reliability and the structural compactness of the second four-ridge waveguide cavity 2, in the planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 1, a second T-shaped microstrip branch 13 and a second planar waveguide coaxial line that are perpendicular to each other and connected are provided on one side of the second four-ridge waveguide cavity 2 close to the second dielectric substrate 6, the second T-shaped microstrip branch 13 is perpendicular to the first T-shaped microstrip branch 12, the first planar waveguide coaxial line is perpendicular to the second planar waveguide coaxial line, and the second planar waveguide coaxial line is used as the second input port 9 of the planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna to perform vertical polarization excitation on a Ku frequency band signal;
the height of the second four-ridge waveguide cavity 2 is initially set to be one eighth wavelength of a preset working frequency;
wherein when said second input port 9 is excited, an input signal is converted to TE of said second four-ridge waveguide cavity 2 by a TEM mode in said second planar waveguide coaxial line 010 And in the mode, the energy coupling from the second planar waveguide coaxial line to the second four-ridge waveguide cavity 2 is controlled by adjusting the length of the second T-shaped microstrip branch 13, so as to realize vertical polarization radiation.
In order to further improve the application reliability and the structural compactness of the bottom waveguide cavity 4, in the planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 1, the bottom waveguide cavity 4 is specifically a square waveguide cavity;
a third input port 10 is arranged in the square waveguide cavity; the third input port 10 is used for exciting Ka band signals and expanding into an input port of another millimeter wave band antenna.
Specifically, the bottom waveguide cavity 4 is a square waveguide structure with a small size, and is located at the bottom of the four-ridge waveguide cavity assembly to serve as an input port of another millimeter wave band antenna, i.e., a third input port 10.
That is, the overall structure of the planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna has three input ports. The two planar coaxial waveguide ports excite horizontal and vertical polarizations, i.e. the first input port 8 and the second input port 9, respectively. The port of the square waveguide cavity at the bottom is the high frequency input port, the third input port 10. The four-ridge waveguide cavity is processed by a three-layer waveguide structure, namely: a first four-ridge waveguide cavity 1, a second four-ridge waveguide cavity 2 and a third four-ridge waveguide cavity 3. The height h1 of the first waveguide cavity is initially set to a quarter wavelength of the operating frequency. The height h2 of the second waveguide cavity is initially set to one eighth wavelength of the operating frequency. The three dielectric substrates are a first dielectric substrate 5, a second dielectric substrate 6 and a third dielectric substrate 7 from bottom to top respectively. Wherein the first dielectric substrate 5 and the second dielectric substrate 6 act as carriers for the vertically polarized and horizontally polarized feed lines.
In order to further improve the application reliability and the structural compactness of the planar waveguide coaxial line, in the planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 2, the planar waveguide coaxial line specifically includes the following contents:
the waveguide structure comprises an upper layer waveguide 22, a lower layer waveguide 21, a suspension microstrip line 24 and an intermediate medium substrate 23 which are arranged in sequence.
A suspended microstrip line 24 is coaxially arranged on one side of the intermediate dielectric substrate 23 close to the lower waveguide 21.
The upper layer waveguide 22 and the lower layer waveguide 21 are filled with air to form an outer conductor; the suspended microstrip line 24 constitutes the inner conductor of the planar waveguide coaxial line at the center of the outer conductor.
Specifically, the planar coaxial waveguide line is composed of an inner conductor and an outer conductor. The outer conductor is formed by a square waveguide filled with air, the inner conductor is a suspended microstrip line 24 positioned in the center, and the suspended microstrip line 24 is printed below the middle dielectric substrate 23. The two planar waveguide coaxial lines are respectively used as feed structures of the broadband dual-polarized antenna and are divided into a first feed structure and a second feed structure. The first feed structure excites vertical polarization and the second feed structure excites horizontal polarization. The suspension line of the first feed structure is printed below the first dielectric substrate 5, and the tail ends of the first planar waveguide coaxial lines are connected with a T-shaped microstrip branch, namely a first T-shaped microstrip branch 12. The suspension line of the second feed structure is printed below the second dielectric substrate 6, and the tail end of the second planar waveguide coaxial line is connected with a T-shaped microstrip branch, namely a second T-shaped microstrip branch 13.
In order to further improve the application reliability and effectiveness of the cross patch group 11, in the planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application, the cross patch group 11 specifically includes four cross patches;
each of the cross patches is printed on the third dielectric substrate 7, is close to one side of the third four-ridge waveguide cavity 3, and is located on a radiation aperture surface of the third four-ridge waveguide cavity 3.
That is, four cross-shaped patches are all positioned above the third waveguide cavity and printed on the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate 7.
Based on the planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna provided by the above embodiment, the application further provides an embodiment of a common-aperture array antenna, where the common-aperture array antenna specifically includes a plurality of planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antennas mentioned in the foregoing embodiments that are connected in a common aperture manner.
In order to further improve the structural compactness and application reliability of the co-aperture array antenna, in the co-aperture array antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application, the first four-ridge waveguide cavity 1 in each planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna is connected to each T-shaped microstrip branch section between the first dielectric substrate 5 based on a preset first feed network 31;
the second four-ridge waveguide cavity 2 in each planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna is connected with each T-shaped microstrip branch between the second dielectric substrate 6 based on a preset second feed network 32.
In order to further improve the application reliability and effectiveness of the common-aperture array antenna, in the common-aperture array antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application, the first feed network 31 and the second feed network 32 are both series-parallel combined hybrid structures; it is understood that the series-parallel combined hybrid structure refers to a series and parallel hybrid structure, for example, referring to fig. 3, a common aperture array antenna 2*2 is taken as an example for explanation, a T-shaped microstrip branch (1) inside an upper layer in the second feeding network 32 is connected in parallel with a T-shaped microstrip branch (2) outside the upper layer in the second feeding network 32, a T-shaped microstrip branch (3) inside the lower layer in the second feeding network 32 is connected in parallel with a T-shaped microstrip branch (4) outside the lower layer in the second feeding network 32, a T-shaped microstrip branch (1) inside the upper layer in the second feeding network 32 is connected in series with a T-shaped microstrip branch (3) inside the lower layer in the second feeding network 32, and a T-shaped microstrip branch (2) outside the upper layer in the second feeding network 32 is connected in series with a T-shaped microstrip branch (4) outside the lower layer in the second feeding network 32. And the first feeding network 31 and the second feeding network 32 are respectively provided with a feeding delay line 33 so as to ensure that the phases of the series excited cells are consistent.
Specifically, the feed network of the common aperture array antenna adopts series-parallel feed, and in order to keep the phases between the unit structures consistent, 180-degree extension lines, such as a first delay line and a second delay line, are arranged between adjacent units. The two delay lines are the same size and are approximately one wavelength long in the operating band.
The two groups of series-parallel feed networks based on the planar coaxial waveguide have the same structure and are arranged in the vertical direction, so that vertical polarization and horizontal polarization feed of the dual-polarization antenna array are realized.
In order to facilitate the design of the array power division network, the characteristic impedance of the planar coaxial waveguide is 100 ohms. The outer catheter lumen has a dimension W a The width of the suspension line is W s 。
When the first input port 8 is excited, the input signal is converted to TE of a four-ridge waveguide cavity by a TEM mode in the planar coaxial waveguide 001 In the mode, the energy coupling from the planar coaxial waveguide line to the four-ridge waveguide cavity is controlled by adjusting the length of the first T-shaped microstrip branch 12, so that horizontally polarized radiation is realized.
When the second input port 9 is excited, the input signal is converted to TE of a four-ridge waveguide cavity by a TEM mode in the planar coaxial waveguide 010 In the mode, the energy coupling from the planar coaxial waveguide line to the four-ridge waveguide cavity is controlled by adjusting the length of the second T-shaped microstrip branch 13, so that the vertically polarized radiation is realized.
Based on this, the planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna and the common-aperture array antenna provided by the embodiments of the present application have the following beneficial technical effects:
1) The planar waveguide coaxial line has the advantages of low loss and miniaturization. Since the coaxial line has no cut-off frequency, the size of the coaxial line is not limited by the frequency, and therefore the coaxial line has better advantages in designing a large-scale array antenna.
2) The structure is compact and the processing is easy. The antenna is integrally divided into four layers of waveguides and three layers of dielectric substrates. The suspension microstrip line is printed on the dielectric substrate, and is easier to process compared with the traditional coaxial line.
3) A wider operating bandwidth. The radiation cavity of the dual-polarized antenna adopts a four-ridge waveguide structure, and compared with the traditional square waveguide, the dual-polarized antenna has a more compact structure and expands the working frequency band of the antenna. In addition, the planar waveguide coaxial line has broadband characteristics, so that the broadband array antenna is easier to design.
4) The dual-polarized antenna can be applied to the design of a dual-frequency common-caliber antenna. The low frequency band is excited through a planar waveguide coaxial structure, and the high frequency is excited through a square waveguide cavity at the bottom, so that a more compact dual-frequency common-caliber array antenna is realized.
In order to further explain the planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna and the common aperture array antenna provided by the above embodiments, the present application further provides a specific application example of the planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna and the common aperture array antenna, in the application example, the waveguide is made of aluminum, the dielectric substrate is Roger RT5880, the dielectric constant is 2.2, and the dielectric loss is 0.0009. The microstrip waveguide and the dielectric plate are combined to realize the microstrip waveguide and the microstrip waveguide, and the microstrip waveguide and the dielectric plate have the advantages of compact structure, low loss, superior broadband performance to the traditional microstrip waveguide and the like, and have wide application prospects. Specifically, the contents of the specific application examples of the planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna are as follows:
referring to fig. 1, the planar waveguide coaxial line is used for a broadband dual-polarized feeder of a first frequency band, and the waveguide cavity (third input port 10) at the bottom is designed as an input of a second frequency band. The first four-ridge waveguide cavity 1, the second four-ridge waveguide cavity 2 and the third four-ridge waveguide cavity 3 are used as a common resonant cavity of two frequency bands. The first T-shaped microstrip branch 12 and the first dielectric substrate 5 are located between the first four-ridge waveguide cavity 1 and the second four-ridge waveguide cavity 2, the second T-shaped microstrip branch 13 and the second dielectric substrate 6 are located between the second four-ridge waveguide cavity 2 and the third four-ridge waveguide cavity 3, and the cross patch group 11 is located on the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate 7 and the upper surface of the third four-ridge waveguide cavity 3. The first input port 8 and the second input port 9 are used for planar waveguide coaxial feeding, exciting horizontal polarization and vertical polarization, respectively. The third input port 10 is used for an input port of another millimeter wave band antenna.
In the present application example, three input ports are provided, namely a first input port 8, a second input port 9 and a third input port 10. The first input port 8 and the second input port 9 excite a dual-polarized antenna in the Ku frequency band, and the third input port 10 excites an antenna in the Ka frequency band.
The traditional microstrip dual-polarization has the advantages of low production cost, small volume, light weight and the like, but also has higher insertion loss. However, the dual-polarized antenna with the metal waveguide structure has the advantages of large volume, high cost and low bandwidth. Therefore, it is more necessary to research the characteristics of the transmission line with excellent performance to realize low loss and broadband, thereby better realizing the communication requirement of large capacity and high speed.
Referring to fig. 2, the planar waveguide coaxial line is composed of a lower layer waveguide 21, an upper layer waveguide 22, an intermediate dielectric substrate 23, and a suspended microstrip line 24. The upper and lower waveguides are filled with air to form coaxial outer conductors. The suspended microstrip line is a coaxial inner conductor, located at the center of the outer conductor. Similar to the conventional coaxial line performance, has the characteristics of broadband and propagation TEM modes.
In the present application example, the impedance of the planar waveguide coaxial line is set to 100 ohms. I.e. the outer conductor dimension W a =1.5 mm, width W of internally suspended microstrip line s =0.4 mm.
Based on this, in a possible application example, the planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna provided by the application example of the application example consists of a waveguide structure and a planar microstrip line which is easy to process, the structure is simple, and the design method is flexible and simple. The planar coaxial waveguide provided by the application example has inherent closure, so that a more compact feed network design can be realized in designing a large-scale array, such as a 2*2 array antenna schematic diagram in the application example shown in fig. 3. The dual-polarized antenna feed network adopts a planar coaxial waveguide line. The first feed network 31 and the second feed network 32 adopt a series-parallel mixed one-to-four structure and are arranged vertically to each other. In order to excite the antenna elements to the same phase, a bent delay line is loaded in the feeding network, i.e. the feeding delay line 33, and the length of the bent line is one wavelength of the working frequency band.
Illustratively, in a possible application example, in order to better realize the impedance matching of the first T-type microstrip line 12 and the four-ridge waveguide cavity, the height of the first four-ridge waveguide cavity 1 is a quarter wavelength of the operating frequency band. Thus setting the height h of the first four-ridge waveguide cavity 1 1 =5 mm, the height of the second four-ridge waveguide cavity 2 is h 2 =1.8 mm, height h of the third four-ridge waveguide cavity 3 3 =6.2 mm. The bottom waveguide cavity 10 adopts a square waveguide structure and is used for signal input of a Ka frequency band, and in order to prevent signals of an upper Ku frequency band from leaking from the bottom, the size of the bottom waveguide cavity 10 is set to be 5.3 mm, so that the four-ridge waveguide cavity is shared by two frequency bands, and meanwhile, the isolation degree is high.
The square waveguide cavity at the bottom of the antenna is expanded into an input port of the Ka-band antenna, so that multiple polarizations can be realized in a compact structure, and two orthogonal modes (TE) are fed into the input port in the application 01 Die and TE 10 A mold). In other application examples, the input mode can be changed according to requirements to realize different polarizations.
When the first input port 8 and the second input port 9 are excited, the input signal is converted to TE of a four-ridge waveguide cavity through a TEM mode in the planar coaxial waveguide 001 Mode and TE 010 And in the mode, the energy coupling from the planar coaxial waveguide line to the four-ridge waveguide cavity is controlled by adjusting the lengths of the first T-shaped microstrip branch 12 and the second T-shaped microstrip branch 13, so that horizontally polarized radiation is realized. The length of the first T-shaped microstrip branch is 0.9 mm. The length of the second T-shaped microstrip branch is 3 mm.
By selecting the application example, two vertical broadband dual polarizations can be realized by vertically placing two T-shaped microstrip branches. Compared with the traditional waveguide coaxial probe, the microstrip line is easier to process, and the design of the array antenna feed network is more flexible.
Specifically, a first T-shaped microstrip branch 12 and a second T-shaped microstrip branch 13 are printed on the lower surfaces of the first dielectric substrate 5 and the second dielectric substrate 6. The material of the first dielectric substrate 5 and the second dielectric substrate 6 is selected from Roger RT5880, the dielectric constant is 2.2, and the thickness is 0.254mm. The cross patch group 11 is positioned on the lower surface of the third medium substrate 7, so that the suppression of grating lobes and the improvement of gain are realized. The material of the third dielectric substrate 7 is selected from Roger RT5880, the dielectric constant is 2.2, and the thickness is 0.508mm.
The broadband dual-polarized antenna structure based on the planar waveguide coaxiality, which is provided by the application example, has the advantages that the overall structure size is compact, a plurality of frequency bands and a plurality of polarizations radiate on the same aperture surface, and the design of a larger-scale array antenna is easy to construct.
In some application examples of the present application, the planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna may be arranged in a 2*2 array. In other application examples, the value of the broadband dual-polarized antenna based on the planar waveguide coaxial can be changed according to the gain requirement.
The planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna structure in the application example is tested, and the obtained test data can show that the slot antenna in the application example has good radiation performance, and the test data are as follows:
(1) The antenna realizes horizontal polarization and vertical polarization in a Ku frequency band, and the working frequency bands are 13.9-16.4GHz and 14-17.1GHz, as shown in figure 4.
(2) The isolation of the antenna between vertical and horizontal polarization in the central frequency band is 15dB, as shown in fig. 5.
(3) The antenna can realize double-frequency common-caliber design, as shown in fig. 6, the antenna of a working Ka frequency band is realized by adding a small-sized waveguide input port at the bottom, and the working bandwidth is 32.75-34.5GHz.
(4) The vertical polarization and horizontal polarization directional diagrams are respectively shown in fig. 7 (a) and fig. 7 (b), the cross polarization isolation degree is more than 20dB, and the radiation performance is good.
In summary, the planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna proposed in the application example of the present application includes: the four-ridge waveguide cavity comprises a four-ridge waveguide cavity body, a planar coaxial waveguide line, a microstrip feeder line and a high-frequency waveguide cavity. The planar waveguide coaxial line is used as a feed structure of the dual-polarized antenna, and the four-ridge waveguide is used as a main body cavity of the antenna. The coaxial structure has the characteristic of broadband, and in addition, the four-ridge waveguide structure is adopted, so that the antenna structure is more compact, and the bandwidth of the antenna is expanded. Two layers of dielectric substrates carrying microstrip feed lines are clamped between the four ridge waveguide cavities, wherein the first microstrip feed line excites horizontal polarization, and the second microstrip feed line excites vertical polarization. The high-frequency waveguide cavity at the bottom of the antenna can be expanded to be an input port of another millimeter wave frequency band antenna, so that multiple polarizations can be realized in a compact structure. Through the technical scheme in this application, provide a coaxial broadband dual polarized antenna based on planar waveguide, have the broadband, low-loss, miniaturized advantage. The method solves the difficulties of broadband design and common-caliber application of the waveguide dual-polarized antenna.
It is to be understood that the present application is not limited to the particular arrangements and instrumentality described above and shown in the attached drawings. A detailed description of known methods is omitted herein for the sake of brevity. In the above embodiments, several specific steps are described and shown as examples. However, the method processes of the present application are not limited to the specific steps described and illustrated, and those skilled in the art can make various changes, modifications, and additions or change the order between the steps after comprehending the spirit of the present application.
Features that are described and/or illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be used in the same way or in a similar way in one or more other embodiments and/or in combination with or instead of the features of the other embodiments.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made to the embodiment of the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna, comprising: the waveguide cavity is used for exciting a high-frequency band signal, and the four-ridge waveguide component is superposed on the bottom waveguide cavity and used for exciting a low-frequency band signal;
the four-ridge waveguide component is provided with two mutually-perpendicular T-shaped microstrip branches to form a mutually-perpendicular dual-polarization mode, and is also provided with mutually-perpendicular planar waveguide coaxial lines which are respectively connected with the two T-shaped microstrip branches one by one and are used for respectively carrying out dual-polarization excitation on the low-frequency signals.
2. The planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein the four-ridge waveguide assembly comprises: the first four-ridge waveguide cavity, the first medium substrate, the second four-ridge waveguide cavity, the second medium substrate, the third four-ridge waveguide cavity and the third medium substrate are sequentially stacked;
t-shaped micro-strip branches and planar waveguide coaxial lines which are perpendicular to each other and connected with each other are arranged between the first four-ridge waveguide cavity and the first dielectric substrate and between the second four-ridge waveguide cavity and the second dielectric substrate;
a cross patch group is arranged between the third four-ridge waveguide cavity and the third medium substrate;
the first four-ridge waveguide cavity is overlapped on the bottom waveguide cavity.
3. The planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna according to claim 2, wherein a first T-shaped microstrip branch and a first planar waveguide coaxial line, which are perpendicular to each other and connected to each other, are disposed on one side of the first four-ridge waveguide cavity, which is close to the first dielectric substrate, and the first planar waveguide coaxial line serves as a first input port of the planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna to perform horizontal polarization excitation on a Ku frequency band signal;
the height of the first four-ridge waveguide cavity is initially set to be a quarter wavelength of a preset working frequency;
wherein when the first input port is excited, an input signal is converted to TE of the first four-ridge waveguide cavity by a TEM mode in the first planar waveguide coaxial line 001 And the energy coupling of the first planar waveguide coaxial line to the first four-ridge waveguide cavity is controlled by adjusting the length of the first T-shaped microstrip branch so as to realize horizontally polarized radiation.
4. The planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual polarized antenna according to claim 3,
a second T-shaped microstrip branch and a second planar waveguide coaxial line which are perpendicular to each other and connected to each other are arranged on one side of the second four-ridge waveguide cavity close to the second dielectric substrate, the second T-shaped microstrip branch is perpendicular to the first T-shaped microstrip branch, the first planar waveguide coaxial line is perpendicular to the second planar waveguide coaxial line, and the second planar waveguide coaxial line is used as a second input port of the planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna to perform vertical polarization excitation on Ku frequency band signals;
the height of the second four-ridge waveguide cavity is initially set to be one eighth wavelength of a preset working frequency;
wherein when the second input port is excited, an input signal is converted to TE of the second quad-ridge waveguide cavity through a TEM mode in the second planar waveguide coaxial line 010 And in a mode, the energy coupling of the second planar waveguide coaxial line to the second four-ridge waveguide cavity is controlled by adjusting the length of the second T-shaped microstrip branch so as to realize vertically polarized radiation.
5. The planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein the bottom waveguide cavity comprises: a square waveguide cavity;
a third input port is arranged in the square waveguide cavity; the third input port is used for exciting Ka frequency band signals and expanding the Ka frequency band signals into an input port of another millimeter wave frequency band antenna.
6. The planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein the planar waveguide coaxial line comprises: the upper layer waveguide, the lower layer waveguide, the suspended microstrip line and the middle medium substrate are arranged in sequence;
a suspended microstrip line is coaxially arranged on one side of the middle medium substrate close to the lower layer waveguide;
the upper layer waveguide and the lower layer waveguide are filled with air to form an outer conductor; the suspended microstrip line forms an inner conductor of the planar waveguide coaxial line at the center of the outer conductor.
7. The planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna according to claim 2, wherein the cross patch set is formed by a strip comprising: four cross patches;
each cross-shaped patch is printed on one side, close to the third four-ridge waveguide cavity, of the third dielectric substrate and is located on the radiation aperture surface of the third four-ridge waveguide cavity.
8. A common aperture array antenna, comprising: a plurality of planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antennas according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which are co-aperture and connected.
9. A common aperture array antenna according to claim 8, wherein said four-ridge waveguide assembly comprises: the first four-ridge waveguide cavity, the first medium substrate, the second four-ridge waveguide cavity, the second medium substrate, the third four-ridge waveguide cavity and the third medium substrate are sequentially stacked; the T-shaped micro-strip branch nodes and the planar waveguide coaxial lines which are perpendicular to each other and connected are arranged between the first four-ridge waveguide cavity and the first dielectric substrate and between the second four-ridge waveguide cavity and the second dielectric substrate;
the first four-ridge waveguide cavity in each planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna is connected with each T-shaped microstrip branch between the first dielectric substrate based on a preset first feed network;
and the T-shaped microstrip branches between the second four-ridge waveguide cavity in each planar waveguide coaxial broadband dual-polarized antenna and the second dielectric substrate are connected based on a preset second feed network.
10. The common aperture array antenna of claim 9, wherein the first feed network and the second feed network are both series-parallel combined hybrid structures;
and the first feed network and the second feed network are respectively provided with a feed delay line so as to ensure that the phases of the series excited units are consistent.
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