CN115693139A - High-density base station type self-heat-dissipation planar phased array - Google Patents
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- CN115693139A CN115693139A CN202211183664.7A CN202211183664A CN115693139A CN 115693139 A CN115693139 A CN 115693139A CN 202211183664 A CN202211183664 A CN 202211183664A CN 115693139 A CN115693139 A CN 115693139A
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Abstract
Because the traditional phased array does not have the characteristics of flexibility, miniaturization, universalization, low profile, self-heat dissipation and the like, in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a low-cost high-density base station type self-heat dissipation planar phased array which comprises five parts, namely an active antenna, a heat dissipation cold plate, an array surface synthesis network, a digital transceiver module, a power module and the like. The phased array has the capacity of transmitting and receiving common aperture, is a miniaturized, generalized, low-profile and self-radiating planar phased array antenna, is light in volume and weight, simple in external interface and strong in multi-platform adaptability, can realize two-dimensional modular expansion of the phased array antenna under different array surface scales, and has very strong engineering application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a high-density base station type self-radiating planar phased array.
Background
With the development of modern informatization, the phased array antenna plays more and more important roles in the fields of communication, detection, reconnaissance and the like. With the requirements of the satellite mobile communication system and the mobile anti-unmanned aerial vehicle detection system on flexibility, mobility, multi-platform universality and the like, the design of a light planar phased array antenna which is small in size, universal, low in profile and self-radiating is urgently needed. As a core component of a radar/communication system, a phased array antenna changes the shape of a directional diagram by controlling the feeding amplitude and the phase of an array radiation unit, the direction of the maximum value of the directional diagram of the antenna can be changed by controlling the phase, so that the purpose of beam scanning is achieved, and parameters such as side lobe level, beam zero point and the like can also be optimized and controlled by different forming weights. The phased array antenna changes beam pointing direction in an electric control mode to scan and cover a target area, and compared with a radar which is driven by a traditional mechanical servo to scan, the phased array antenna has the advantages of fast switching beam pointing direction, high-speed data rate, flexible beam forming capability and the like. The phased array antenna can be divided into a passive phased array antenna and an active phased array antenna, compared with the passive phased array, the active phased array antenna adopts a distributed radiation unit framework, each antenna unit is provided with a corresponding transceiving component to independently transceive electromagnetic waves, and the phased array antenna has more excellent technical performance and better reliability.
In a traditional phased array system, an antenna unit and a TR component are designed separately, radio frequency interconnection is realized by adopting a winding layer, the number of connectors and cables in the winding layer is in direct proportion to the array scale, and the system cost and complexity are improved sharply along with the increase of the array scale. Therefore, the traditional phased array does not have the characteristics of flexibility, mobility, miniaturization, universalization, low profile, self-heat dissipation and the like, and the main defects of the traditional phased array are as follows:
1. phased array antenna generally is piled up by the module of separating and forms, interconnects through radio frequency cable, wire winding layer etc. between different modules, though the module limit is clear, but phased array weight is heavy, and is bulky, can't satisfy movable phased array antenna platform's frivolousization requirement.
2. The heat dissipation mode is complicated, and modes such as water cooling, microchannel are mostly adopted for heat dissipation, and the dedicated cooling unit for phased array matching cannot meet the requirements of miniaturization and generalization.
3. The expensive cost of the phased array antenna enables the application direction of the phased array antenna to be limited in the fields of satellite communication antennas, mobile anti-unmanned aerial vehicle detection and the like;
disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a low-cost high-density base station type self-radiating planar phased array, which comprises an active antenna, a radiating cold plate, an array plane synthesis network, a digital transceiving module, a power supply module and the like. The phased array has the transmitting-receiving common-caliber capacity, is a miniaturized, generalized, low-profile and self-radiating planar phased array antenna, is light in volume and weight, simple in external interface and strong in multi-platform adaptability, can realize two-dimensional modular expansion of the phased array antenna under different array surface scales, and has a very strong engineering application value.
The invention discloses a high-density base station type self-radiating planar phased array, which comprises an active antenna (1), a radiating cold plate (2), a array surface synthesis network (3), a digital transceiving module (4) and a power module (5);
the active antenna (1) comprises an antenna unit (11), a PCB (printed circuit board) (15), a TR (transmitter-receiver) component (12) and a secondary power supply module (13); the system is used for realizing amplification, phase shift, attenuation, beam synthesis and transceiving of the radio-frequency signals;
the heat dissipation cold plate (2) comprises a heat dissipation air channel (21), heat dissipation fins (22) and a fan assembly (23), the heat dissipation air channel (22) is located on two sides of the middle of the heat dissipation cold plate (2), the heat dissipation fins (21) are distributed and penetrate through the heat dissipation air channel (22) along the air supply direction, and the fan assembly (23) is installed at an air outlet of the heat dissipation air channel (22);
the array surface synthesis network (3) comprises a wave control distribution network, a power supply distribution network and an orthogonal power distribution module, and realizes wave control signal distribution, power supply signal distribution, transmitted signal power distribution, signal transmitting and receiving isolation and combination and monitoring signal synthesis;
the digital transceiver module (4) consists of a frequency conversion module (41), a frequency source (42), a digital processing module (43) and a pre-stage drive amplifier (44), and is used for realizing phased array signal generation, signal amplification, signal frequency conversion and signal acquisition;
the power supply module (5) comprises a power supply conversion module and an input/output capacitor group, and converts the power supply input of the array surface into required voltage values of all active modules in the phased array.
Phased array structure skeleton and heat dissipation cold drawing (2) integrated design, the structure skeleton adopts three-layer compartment, and the intermediate structure is heat dissipation cold drawing (2), openly assembles active antenna (1) at heat dissipation cold drawing (2), and synthetic network of the assembly face (3), digital transceiver module (4) and power module (5) are assembled to heat dissipation cold drawing (2) back.
Furthermore, the active antenna (1) adopts an integrated antenna design, and the bearing and wiring interconnection of all modules are realized through a PCB (printed circuit board) (15); the PCB (15) is of a three-layer laminated structure and comprises a high-frequency feed network layer (17), a low-frequency feed network layer (18) and an I-shaped seam coupling layer (16); one side of the PCB (15) is provided with an antenna unit (11), and the other side is provided with a surface-mounted four-channel TR component (12), a secondary power supply module (13) and a connector (14); the top layer of the PCB (15) close to the antenna unit (11) is an I-shaped slit coupling layer (16) which directly feeds power to the radiation unit in a coupling excitation mode, and the middle layer is a high-frequency feed network layer (17) which comprises a wave front beam synthesis distribution network and a unit level monitoring synthesis network; the lowest layer of the printed board close to the surface-mounted device is a low-frequency feed network layer (18) for realizing power supply and wave control signal distribution, wiring and interconnection.
Furthermore, the active antenna (1) comprises 8 rows and 12 columns of antenna units (11) which are arranged in two dimensions, wherein each antenna unit is provided with two radio frequency interfaces, one radio frequency interface is a master port for receiving and transmitting signals, the other radio frequency interface is a master port for monitoring, and the active antenna also comprises a control power interface which adopts multi-core surface-mounted connectors to transmit power signals and array surface control signals.
Furthermore, the antenna unit (11) is in the form of a metal slot antenna, the polarization mode is linear polarization, and the antenna unit comprises a metal slot line (19) and a strip line transmission line (20), the metal slot line (19) is used for radiating or receiving radio frequency signals, and the strip line transmission line (20) converts the transmitted signals into radiation signals in space through an I-shaped slot coupling layer (16).
Furthermore, the digital transceiver module (4) adopts a superheterodyne architecture to realize digital synthesis, a shaped beam is formed in a digital domain, and the frequency conversion module (41) receives a signal sent by the wavefront synthesis network (3), performs frequency conversion, amplification and filtering, and sends the signal to the digital processing module (43) for processing; the digital processing module (43) generates a broadband intermediate frequency signal, the broadband intermediate frequency signal is sent to the frequency conversion module (41), a broadband excitation signal is generated after amplification, frequency mixing and filtering, and the broadband excitation signal is output through a pre-stage drive amplifier (44); the digital processing module (43) is provided with four sampling channels, receives four downlink signal data simultaneously, and completes data sampling, deskewing and packing transmission in the digital processing module (43); the frequency source (42) generates a clock reference signal through a crystal oscillator, sends the clock reference signal to the digital processing module (43), generates a local oscillator signal through phase locking, and sends the local oscillator signal to the frequency conversion module (41).
Furthermore, the pre-driver amplifier (44) is composed of a shell, a cover plate, a connector and an internal two-stage amplifier, so that the power amplification of a transmitting link is realized, and the driving power requirement of the TR component is met.
Furthermore, the phased array is composed of 8 active antennas (1), 6 receiving channels are provided, which are four-quadrant receiving channels and 2 monitoring channels, and the receiving signals of the two active antennas (1) in each quadrant are firstly synthesized in the array surface synthesis network (3) and then enter the receiving channel corresponding to the digital transceiver module (4).
The invention has the beneficial effects that
1. The system can meet the requirements of various application scenes and various deployment modes of the system, and can be compatible with various working forms such as a portable type, a mobile type and a fixed type.
2. The defects that the structure size of the current active phased array is large, the heat dissipation is difficult, and the external interface labels are different are overcome, so that the phased array is light, thin, planar and self-heat dissipation is realized, and the adaptability of the platform is effectively improved.
3. The integrated heat dissipation device has the advantages of high integration, low loss, low profile and auxiliary heat dissipation, and is suitable for detection/communication systems.
4. The radiating capacity of the active antenna, the digital transceiving module and the like is effectively improved, and meanwhile, the radiating device has good environmental adaptability.
5. The functions of phased array signal generation, signal amplification, signal frequency conversion and signal acquisition are realized, and the digital transceiver module can be independently used for other types of phased arrays.
6. The structure is compact, the reliability is high, the external interface is simple and efficient, and the universality and the platform adaptability of the antenna array surface are greatly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of a high-density base station type self-radiating planar phased array.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a high-density base station type self-radiating planar phased array structure.
Fig. 3 is a side view of a phased array active antenna.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of a metal slot line antenna unit model.
Fig. 5 is a digital transceiver module schematic.
In the figure: the antenna comprises a 1-active antenna, a 2-radiating cold plate, a 3-array surface synthesis network, a 4-digital transceiving module, a 5-power module, a 11-metal antenna unit, a 12-TR component, a 13-secondary power module, a 14-connector, a 15-PCB (printed circuit board), a 16-I-shaped seam coupling layer, a 17-high-frequency feed network layer, a 18-low-frequency feed network layer, a 19-metal slot line, a 20-strip line transmission line, a 21-radiating tooth sheet, a 22-radiating air duct, a 23-fan combination, a 41-frequency conversion module, a 42-frequency source, a 43-digital processing module and a 44-preceding stage driving and releasing.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a general framework configuration diagram of an embodiment of a high-density base station type self-radiating planar phased array of the present invention, and includes five parts, namely an active antenna 1, a heat-radiating cold plate 2, a wavefront synthesizing network 3, a digital transceiver module 4, and a power module 5.
The active antenna 1 comprises 8 rows and 12 columns of antenna elements 11, an integrated layer PCB printed board 15, a TR component 12 and a secondary power supply module 13 which are arranged in two dimensions. The device is used for realizing the functions of amplification, phase shift, attenuation, beam synthesis and transceiving space radiation of radio frequency signals. The heat dissipation cold plate 2 comprises a heat dissipation air duct 21, heat dissipation fins 22 and a fan assembly 23, and is used for achieving the heat conduction and heat dissipation functions of the phased array active module. The wave front synthesis network 3 comprises a wave control distribution network, a power supply distribution network and an orthogonal power distribution module, and realizes the functions of wave control signal distribution, power supply signal distribution, transmitted signal power distribution, signal receiving and transmitting isolation and combination, monitoring signal synthesis and the like. The digital transceiver module 4 is composed of a frequency conversion module 41, a frequency source 42, a digital processing module 43 and a pre-stage drive amplifier 44, and realizes the functions of phased array signal generation, signal amplification, signal frequency conversion and signal acquisition. The power supply module 5 comprises a power supply conversion module and an input/output capacitor group, and converts the power supply input of the array surface into required voltage values of all active modules in the phased array.
In an optional embodiment of the high-density base station type self-radiating planar phased array, the phased array comprises 768 antenna units in total, the antenna units are arranged according to a rectangular caliber, each antenna unit corresponds to one TR active channel, and single-channel-level amplitude-phase control which is independent in receiving and transmitting can be achieved. The phased array is arranged in a rectangular array of 24 × 32 scale, and is composed of 8 active antennas 1, and each active antenna 1 may include 96 antenna elements (8 rows and 12 columns) corresponding to 24 TR elements 12. The phased array work excitation is generated by a work excitation channel of the digital receiving and transmitting module 4, and is transmitted to a receiving and transmitting signal main port of each active sub-array after being subjected to power division by the array surface synthesis network 3. The phased array has 6 receiving channels, namely four quadrants of radio frequency combining signals and 2 monitoring total signals. The two active antennas 1 in each quadrant are synthesized in the front synthesis network 3 and then enter the receiving channel corresponding to the digital transceiver module 4. Each active antenna 1 includes two signal ports, which are a transmit-receive signal port and a monitor signal port. The monitoring signal port of each active antenna 1 firstly enters the array surface synthesis network 3 and then is synthesized into a path of signal to enter a corresponding receiving channel, and the monitoring network can judge the quality of each TR channel when in work.
As shown in fig. 2, the structural installation mode of the high-density base station type self-radiating planar phased array is that a phased array structure framework and a radiating cold plate 2 are integrally designed, three compartments are adopted in the depth direction of the framework, an intermediate structure is the radiating cold plate 2, reinforcing ribs are arranged in the framework to compensate the rigidity of an array surface, and the rigidity of the array surface is improved. The heat dissipation fins 21, the heat dissipation air duct 22 and the fan assembly 23 are integrated inside the heat dissipation cold plate 2. The heat dissipation air ducts 22 are located at two sides of the middle of the heat dissipation cold plate 2, and the heat dissipation fins 21 penetrate through the heat dissipation air ducts 22 along the air supply direction in a distributed layout, but are completely isolated from the equipment compartment. The active antenna 1 is arranged on the front surface of the heat dissipation cold plate 2, and the array surface synthesis network 3, the digital transceiver module 4 and the power supply module 5 are arranged on the back surface of the heat dissipation cold plate 2. The active antenna 1, the digital transceiver module 4, the power module 5 and the heat dissipation cold plate 2 are elastically connected through a heat conduction gasket and are locked through screws, and good heat conduction is achieved. Due to the limitation of the size and weight of the front surface, a method of changing the section of the main air duct at the far end of the air outlet is adopted, namely the uniformity of air supply of the air duct is realized by improving the dynamic pressure at the far end in an air draft mode of the fan assembly 23 at the air outlet.
As shown in fig. 3, the active antenna 1 adopts an integrated antenna design scheme, and the carrying and routing interconnection of all modules is realized through a multilayer PCB printed board 15. A high-frequency feed network layer 17, a low-frequency feed network layer and an I-shaped slit coupling layer 16 of the whole subarray are uniformly distributed in a multilayer PCB (printed circuit board) 15, one side of the PCB is provided with antenna units 11, 96 antenna units of the PCB are arranged in two dimensions of 8 rows and 12 columns, and the other side of the PCB is provided with modules such as a surface-mounted four-channel TR (transmitter-receiver) component 12, a secondary power supply module 13 and a connector 14. The printed board is mainly divided into three layers in a laminated structure, the uppermost layer close to the antenna unit 11 is an I-shaped slit coupling layer 16, and the metal radiation unit is directly fed with power in a coupling excitation mode, so that the interconnection of connectors is reduced. The middle layer of the printed board is a high-frequency feed network layer 17 which comprises a wave front beam synthesis distribution network and a unit level monitoring synthesis network. The lowest layer of the printed board close to the surface-mounted device is a low-frequency network layer 18, and power supply and wave control signal distribution, wiring and interconnection of the whole active sub-array are achieved. The active antenna 1 comprises two radio frequency interfaces, one is a receiving and transmitting signal port, the other is a monitoring port, and a control power interface, and a multi-core surface-mounted connector is adopted to transmit power signals and array surface control signals simultaneously.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a unit model of an antenna unit 11 used in the phased array embodiment of the present invention, where the antenna unit 11 is in the form of a metal slot antenna, and the polarization mode is linear polarization, and each active antenna 1 includes 96 antenna units. The antenna unit 11 mainly comprises an I-shaped slot coupling layer 16, a metal slot line 19, a strip line transmission line 20 and a fixing screw. The metal slot line 19 is used for radiating or receiving radio frequency signals, and the i-slot coupling layer 16 is used for converting signals transmitted by the strip line 20 into radiation signals in space. The metallized antenna unit 11 can also assist the PCB 15 in realizing multipath heat dissipation, and the reliability of the phased array system is improved.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a diagram of a digital transceiver module used in the phased array embodiment of the present invention, and the digital transceiver module 4 is composed of a frequency conversion module 41, a frequency source 42, a digital processing module 43, and a pre-driver amplifier 44. The digital transceiver module 4 adopts a superheterodyne architecture to realize a digital synthesis scheme, and forms a shaped beam in a digital domain. The frequency conversion module 41 receives the signal sent by the wavefront synthesis network 3, performs secondary frequency conversion, amplification and filtering, and sends the signal to the digital processing module 43; the digital processing module 43 generates a broadband intermediate frequency signal, and sends the broadband intermediate frequency signal to the frequency conversion module 41, and finally generates a broadband excitation signal after secondary amplification, frequency mixing and filtering. And receiving four paths of downlink signal data, and completing the functions of sampling, deskewing and packaging transmission. The frequency source 42 includes a crystal oscillator, generates an 80MHz reference signal, and sends the signal to the digital processing module 43; the phase-locked signal generates a local oscillator signal and a local oscillator signal, which are sent to the frequency conversion module 41. The pre-driver amplifier 44 is composed of a housing, a cover plate, a connector, an internal two-stage amplifier and the like, and is used for amplifying the power of a transmitting link and meeting the power requirement of the TR component of the whole array surface for driving.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described specific embodiments, and various modifications and changes can be made to the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a high density base station formula is from heat dissipation plane phased array which characterized in that: the device comprises an active antenna (1), a heat dissipation cold plate (2), an array surface synthesis network (3), a digital transceiver module (4) and a power module (5);
the active antenna (1) comprises an antenna unit (11), a PCB (printed circuit board) (15), a TR (transmitter-receiver) component (12) and a secondary power supply module (13); the system is used for realizing amplification, phase shift, attenuation, beam synthesis and transceiving of the radio-frequency signals;
the heat dissipation cold plate (2) comprises a heat dissipation air channel (21), heat dissipation fins (22) and a fan assembly (23), the heat dissipation air channel (22) is located on two sides of the middle of the heat dissipation cold plate (2), the heat dissipation fins (21) are distributed and penetrate through the heat dissipation air channel (22) along the air supply direction, and the fan assembly (23) is installed at an air outlet of the heat dissipation air channel (22);
the array surface synthesis network (3) comprises a wave control distribution network, a power supply distribution network and an orthogonal power distribution module, and realizes wave control signal distribution, power supply signal distribution, transmitting signal power distribution, transmitting and receiving signal isolation and combination and monitoring signal synthesis;
the digital transceiver module (4) consists of a frequency conversion module (41), a frequency source (42), a digital processing module (43) and a pre-stage drive amplifier (44), and is used for realizing phased array signal generation, signal amplification, signal frequency conversion and signal acquisition;
the power supply module (5) comprises a power supply conversion module and an input/output capacitor group, and converts the power supply input of the array surface into required voltage values of all active modules in the phased array.
Phased array structure skeleton and heat dissipation cold drawing (2) integrated design, the structure skeleton adopts three-layer compartment, and the intermediate structure is heat dissipation cold drawing (2), openly assembles active antenna (1) at heat dissipation cold drawing (2), and heat dissipation cold drawing (2) back assembly is made up face synthetic network (3), digital transceiver module (4) and power module (5).
2. The high-density base station type self-radiating planar phased array as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the active antenna (1) adopts an integrated antenna design, and the bearing and wiring interconnection of all modules are realized through a PCB (printed circuit board) (15); the PCB (15) is of a three-layer laminated structure and comprises a high-frequency feed network layer (17), a low-frequency feed network layer (18) and an I-shaped seam coupling layer (16); one side of the PCB (15) is provided with an antenna unit (11), and the other side is provided with a surface-mounted four-channel TR component (12), a secondary power supply module (13) and a connector (14); the top layer of the PCB (15) close to the antenna unit (11) is an I-shaped slit coupling layer (16) which directly feeds power to the radiating unit in a coupling excitation mode, and the middle layer is a high-frequency feed network layer (17) which comprises a wave front beam synthesis distribution network and a unit level monitoring synthesis network; the lowest layer of the printed board close to the surface-mounted device is a low-frequency feed network layer (18) for realizing power supply and wave control signal distribution, wiring and interconnection.
3. The high-density base station type self-radiating planar phased array as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the active antenna (1) comprises 8 rows and 12 columns of antenna units (11) which are arranged in two dimensions, two radio frequency interfaces, a control power interface and a multi-core surface-mounted connector, wherein one radio frequency interface is a master port for receiving and transmitting signals, the other radio frequency interface is a monitoring master port, and the multi-core surface-mounted connector is adopted for transmitting power signals and array surface control signals.
4. A high density base station self-radiating planar phased array as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the antenna unit (11) adopts a metal slot line antenna form, the polarization mode is linear polarization, and the antenna unit comprises a metal slot line (19) and a strip line transmission line (20), wherein the metal slot line (19) is used for radiating or receiving radio frequency signals, and the strip line transmission line (20) converts the transmitted signals into radiation signals in space through an I-shaped slit coupling layer (16).
5. The high-density base station type self-radiating planar phased array according to claim 1, wherein: the digital transceiver module (4) adopts a superheterodyne architecture to realize digital synthesis, a shaped beam is formed in a digital domain, and the frequency conversion module (41) receives a signal sent by the array surface synthesis network (3), performs frequency conversion, amplification and filtering, and sends the signal to the digital processing module (43) for processing; the digital processing module (43) generates a broadband intermediate frequency signal, the broadband intermediate frequency signal is sent to the frequency conversion module (41), a broadband excitation signal is generated after amplification, frequency mixing and filtering, and the broadband excitation signal is output through a pre-stage drive amplifier (44); the digital processing module (43) is provided with four sampling channels, receives four downlink signal data simultaneously, and completes data sampling, deskewing and packing transmission in the digital processing module (43); the frequency source (42) generates a clock reference signal through a crystal oscillator, sends the clock reference signal to the digital processing module (43), generates a local oscillator signal through phase locking, and sends the local oscillator signal to the frequency conversion module (41).
6. The high-density base station type self-radiating planar phased array as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the pre-driver amplifier (44) consists of a shell, a cover plate, a connector and an internal two-stage amplifier, so that the power amplification of a transmitting link is realized, and the driving power requirement of the TR component is met.
7. The high-density base station type self-radiating planar phased array as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the phased array is composed of 8 active antennas (1), 6 receiving channels are provided, namely receiving channels of four quadrants and 2 monitoring channels, and receiving signals of the two active antennas (1) in each quadrant are firstly synthesized in the array surface synthesis network (3) and then enter the receiving channel corresponding to the digital transceiver module (4).
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