CN115692086A - Self-powered hybrid switching device - Google Patents
Self-powered hybrid switching device Download PDFInfo
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- CN115692086A CN115692086A CN202211408824.3A CN202211408824A CN115692086A CN 115692086 A CN115692086 A CN 115692086A CN 202211408824 A CN202211408824 A CN 202211408824A CN 115692086 A CN115692086 A CN 115692086A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of switching devices, and particularly relates to a self-powered hybrid switching device. The device comprises a mechanical switch with a bridge contact structure of two fixed terminals A, B and a movable terminal C, a solid-state branch connected with the mechanical switch in parallel, and a solid-state branch control module with an arc energy storage function.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of switching devices, and particularly relates to a self-powered hybrid switching device.
Background
The mixed switch device is realized in a mode that a mechanical switch and a solid-state switch are connected in parallel, the solid-state switch keeps an off state under the condition that a contact of the mechanical switch is stably closed, current is carried by the mechanical switch, and when the mechanical switch bounces or the contact is broken and arcing occurs, the solid-state switch is converted from the off state to an on state, so that the current at two ends of the contact of the mechanical switch is transferred, and ablation of the contact due to electric arc is avoided or reduced.
However, the conventional hybrid switching device needs an external power supply to supply power to the control circuit and the power device of the solid-state branch, so that the hybrid switching device has a problem of high power consumption compared with a mechanical switching device, and in addition, the form of the external power supply is relatively more sensitive to the indirect influence of lightning strike and electromagnetic compatibility.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hybrid switch device with an arc energy storage function, which can be used for cutting off direct current between a direct current power supply and an electrical device, realizes self power supply of the hybrid switch device, reduces the problems of high power consumption, poor electromagnetic compatibility and strong lightning influence of the hybrid switch device compared with the traditional switch device, and has the characteristics of simple structure, strong anti-interference capability, no need of external power supply for a control module and the like.
A self-powered hybrid switch device comprises a mechanical switch with a bridge contact structure and two fixed terminals A, B and a movable terminal C, a solid-state branch connected with the mechanical switch in parallel, and a solid-state branch control module with an arc energy storage function;
the solid-state branch control module comprises an energy storage circuit, a first power supply conversion circuit, a comparison circuit, a driving circuit, a timer circuit and a second power supply conversion circuit;
the energy storage circuit receives and stores arc energy of the mechanical switch and supplies power to a circuit in the solid branch control module, and the comparison circuit judges that the voltage of the energy storage circuit is compared with a voltage division threshold of the first power supply conversion circuit; if the first power supply conversion circuit is larger than the second power supply conversion circuit, a pulse signal is sent to the timer circuit, the timer outputs a timed high pulse to the driving circuit, the driving circuit drives the solid-state branch circuit according to a high level output by the second power supply conversion circuit after receiving the high pulse, and the solid-state branch circuit is conducted; if the former is not larger than the latter, the timer outputs low level to the driving circuit;
the solid branch control module is used for blocking current when the mechanical switch is stably switched off/on, and when an arc is generated between the AC terminal and/or the BC terminal due to closing bounce or breaking, the energy storage of the arc is realized through the energy accumulator, and the arc current is transferred to the solid branch from the bridge contact;
the solid-state branch control module also comprises a buffer loop;
after the high pulse output by the timer circuit reaches the falling edge, the driving circuit selects the low level output of the second power supply conversion circuit, the solid-state branch circuit is turned off, overvoltage is generated in the turn-off process, and the buffer circuit performs voltage limitation and energy dissipation.
The fixed terminals A and B are connected to a load main loop, the power input end of the solid-state branch is connected with the fixed terminal A, and the power output end of the solid-state branch is connected with the solid-state terminal B; the input end of the energy storage circuit is connected with the movable terminal C, and the output end of the energy storage circuit is connected with the fixed terminals A and/or B.
The movable terminal of the mechanical switch bridge contact is provided with a lead-out wire by means of welding, riveting, thread fastening and the like, and the lead-out wire is used for conducting arc energy to the energy accumulator.
The energy accumulator of the control module particularly refers to the fact that arc energy storage is achieved through a wire connected to the movable terminal and a wire connected to one end of the fixed terminal and passing through the ballast.
The devices of the solid-state branch circuit are composed of triodes such as IGBT or MOSFET devices.
The mechanical switch is formed by selecting a low-voltage switch meeting the current conduction requirement during the design of the self-powered hybrid switch device because the electric arc generated between the contacts is weak.
The buffer loop is built by an RC circuit or is realized by a TVS.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides the characteristics of a high-voltage switch for a low-voltage switch, saves the contact material of a mechanical switch contact by limiting the duration of electric arc, and further obtains more on/off cycles; the transfer of electric arcs among the contacts of the mechanical switch can be effectively realized, and the influence of electromagnetic interference on the switching device caused by the occurrence of strong electric arcs is reduced; auxiliary external power supply is not needed, so that the energy is saved and the environment is protected; the control module is connected with an external wireless circuit, so that the control module is insensitive to lightning stroke and indirect influence of electromagnetic compatibility.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a self-powered hybrid switching device according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a graph of energy storage voltage versus solid state branch electrical switching state.
Fig. 3 (a) is the stable closing state of the contact in the product breaking process.
Fig. 3 (b) shows the open arcing state of the contact in the product breaking process.
Fig. 3 (c) is the conducting state of the solid branch in the breaking process of the product of the invention.
Fig. 3 (d) shows the solid branch off state in the product breaking process of the invention.
Fig. 4 (a) shows the open state before the contact impacts in the process of closing and bouncing the product of the invention.
Fig. 4 (b) shows the contact impact state during the closing and bouncing process of the product of the invention.
Fig. 4 (c) shows the contact impact bouncing-open state during the closing bounce process of the product of the invention.
Fig. 4 (d) shows the conducting state of the solid branch in the closing and bouncing process of the product of the invention.
Fig. 4 (e) shows the contact stable contact state during the closing bounce process of the product of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The self-powered hybrid switch device realizes self-powering and high-reliability on-off of the switch device through a hybrid switch design scheme and an arc energy storage design technology. As shown in fig. 1, the hybrid switching device includes a mechanical switch having a bridge contact structure with two fixed terminals A, B and a movable terminal C, and a solid-state branch control module with an arc energy storage function.
The solid branch circuit is composed of a semiconductor electronic device (such as a triode like an IGBT or an MOSFET device), a power input end of the semiconductor device is connected with an incoming line end of the mechanical switch, a power output end of the semiconductor device is connected with an outgoing line end of the mechanical switch, and an output of the driving circuit is connected with a driving input end of the semiconductor device. For example, the collector of the IGBT is connected with the incoming line end of the mechanical switch, the emitter of the IGBT is connected with the outgoing line end of the mechanical switch, and the output of the driving circuit is connected with the grid of the IGBT; the drain electrode of the MOSFET is connected with the wire inlet end of the mechanical switch, the source electrode of the MOSFET is connected with the wire outlet end of the mechanical switch, and the output of the driving circuit is connected with the grid electrode of the MOSFET.
The control module comprises an energy storage circuit, a first power conversion circuit, a second power conversion circuit, a comparison circuit, a timing circuit, a driving circuit, a solid-state branch circuit and an absorption buffer circuit. The energy storage circuit is connected to one group of moving and static contacts (such as B, C) through the electric connection interface, so that the energy accumulator in the energy storage circuit can obtain energy from the electric power provided by the electric arc; the part of energy is converted into working voltages of a comparison circuit, a timing circuit and a driving circuit through a first power supply conversion circuit; the working voltage is converted into a working voltage which can provide driving and switching-off for the solid-state branch circuit through a second power conversion circuit; the comparison circuit is used for judging whether the voltage at two ends of the energy accumulator reaches a preset value so as to drive the timer to send out a pulse signal; the timing circuit sends out a high-level pulse signal with the duration of t, so that the driving circuit changes signal output; when receiving a low level signal sent by the timing circuit, the driving circuit can output a low level signal (such as-5V, 0V and the like) to the driving end of the solid-state branch circuit, and when receiving a high level signal sent by the timing circuit, the driving circuit can output a high level signal (such as 20V, 15V and the like) to the driving end of the solid-state branch circuit, so that the solid-state branch circuit is ensured to be reliably turned off and on; the absorption buffer circuit can effectively clamp the overvoltage generated when the solid branch is turned off, and the overvoltage is prevented from puncturing the electronic device of the solid branch.
The circuit can realize that the solid branch of the hybrid switch device blocks current when the mechanical switch is stably switched off/on, and when the electric arc is generated between the terminals due to closing bounce or breaking, the energy storage device can realize the storage of the electric arc energy and transfer the electric arc current from the bridge contact to the solid branch.
The relation between the energy storage voltage of the energy accumulator in the control module and the state of the solid branch circuit is shown in fig. 2, when an electric arc is generated between the terminals of the mechanical switch due to closing bounce or breaking, the voltage U at two ends of the energy accumulator c Will be mechanically switchedArc voltage U between contacts LB The arcing time T1, the capacity value of the energy accumulator and the like, and when the voltage U at two ends of the energy accumulator rises according to a certain rule c Reaches the threshold value U set by the comparison circuit 0 (e.g., 20V) and then sending a drive signal to the drive circuit at time T2 for a very short time period of T (preferably 1ms to 1.5 ms), during which the arc voltage U is applied LB The duration of (A) is preferably less than or equal to 0.5ms, at which point the contact is weakly attacked by the arc.
The current transfer process of the power loop of the hybrid switch device can be explained according to the breaking process and the pull-in bounce process of the mechanical switch.
When the mechanical switch is broken, the contact arc extinguishing process in the product breaking process is shown in the graph of (a) to (d) of fig. 3. Before the time T0, as shown in fig. 3 (a), the movable and stationary contacts of the mechanical switch are in a closed state (conductive state), and the fixed contacts Con1 and Con2 are in contact with the movable contacts Con3 and Con4, respectively, due to the accumulator voltage U c Substantially 0, so the solid state branch is in an open state (non-driven state); during the time T0 to T1, the movable and static contacts of the mechanical switch are opened (transition from the closed state to the open state), and therefore, arcs appear between the contact Con1 and the contact Con3, and between the contact Con2 and the contact Con4, which are shown in fig. 3 (b); while, as shown in FIG. 3 (c), at time T1, a potential difference U is established between the contacts due to the arc LB Make the accumulator voltage U c Reaches the threshold value U of the comparison circuit 0 Therefore, the solid-state branch enters a conducting state (a driving state) in a time period from T2 to T3, after the solid-state branch is conducted, because the resistance of the solid-state branch is smaller than that of an arc of a mechanical switch connected in parallel with the solid-state branch, the arc between contacts of the mechanical switch is rapidly extinguished, and the current of a power loop is transferred to the solid-state branch; as shown in fig. 3 (d), after the time T3, since the timer driving signal is reduced to the low level, the driving circuit outputs the low level signal to the driving end of the solid-state branch circuit to turn on the solid-state branch circuit, and at this time, since the dielectric recovery strength and the insulation strength between the contacts of the mechanical switch are again higher than the turn-off voltage of the solid-state branch circuit, the arc of the hybrid switching device can be reliably extinguished, and reignition does not occur.
When the mechanical switch performs the attraction bounce, the extinguishing process of the contact arc in the attraction bounce process of the product is shown in the figures 4 (a) -4 (e). Before the time T0, as shown in fig. 4 (a), the movable and stationary contacts of the mechanical switch are in an open state (power-off state), and the fixed contacts Con1 and Con2 are respectively kept oppositely separated from the movable contacts Con3 and Con4 due to the accumulator voltage U c Substantially 0, so the solid state branch is in an open state (non-driven state); in the time period from T0 to T1, the moving and static contacts of the mechanical switch generate closing bounce (after the contacts are closed for the first time, multiple closing and breaking processes occur between the contacts due to the impact force between the contacts and the closing driving force of the moving contact), and in the process of the head-out bounce of the closing bounce, electric arcs occur between the contact Con1 and the contact Con3, and between the contact Con2 and the contact Con4, and these electric arcs are shown in fig. 4 (b); while, as shown in FIG. 4 (c), at time T1, a potential difference U is established between the contacts due to the arc LB Make the accumulator voltage U c Reaches the threshold value U of the comparison circuit 0 Therefore, the solid-state branch enters a conducting state (a driving state) in a time period from T2 to T3, after the solid-state branch is conducted, because the resistance of the solid-state branch is smaller than that of an arc of a mechanical switch connected in parallel with the solid-state branch, the arc between contacts of the mechanical switch is rapidly extinguished, and the current of a power loop is transferred to the solid-state branch; as shown in fig. 4 (d), after time T3, since the timer driving signal is reduced to low level, the driving circuit outputs a low level signal to the driving end of the solid-state branch circuit to open the solid-state branch circuit, and at this time, since the mechanical switch contact is stably closed, reliable extinction of the bouncing arc of the hybrid switch device can be ensured, and erosion of the arc to the contact in the process of closing and bouncing is reduced.
The hybrid switching device includes specific forms such as a contactor, a circuit breaker, a relay and the like with an arc energy storage function, but requires a mechanical switch contact to be in a bridge type contact structure, namely a double-breakpoint structure.
The invention discloses a self-powered hybrid switch device, in particular to an electric hybrid switch device which is formed by connecting a mechanical switch with a bridge contact structure and two fixed terminals (A, B) and a movable terminal (C) in parallel and an arc energy storage control module. Allowing current to flow between the terminals when the mechanical switch fixed terminal and the movable terminal are in a closed state; when the device is in an open state, current is prevented from flowing between the terminals when the arc voltage reaches a certain threshold value, and the device can realize switching of a conducting line through the control module, particularly an arc generated when the terminals are transferred through the solid branch circuit and bounce in a closed mode or transition from a closed state to an open state. The control module is used for blocking current when the mechanical switch is stably switched off/on, and when the electric arc is generated between the terminals due to closing bounce or breaking, the storage of electric arc energy can be realized, and the part of energy can be used for short-time power supply of the control module.
Claims (8)
1. A self-powered hybrid switch device is characterized by comprising a mechanical switch with a bridge contact structure and two fixed terminals A, B and a movable terminal C, a solid-state branch connected with the mechanical switch in parallel, and a solid-state branch control module with an arc energy storage function;
the solid-state branch control module comprises an energy storage circuit, a first power supply conversion circuit, a comparison circuit, a driving circuit, a timer circuit and a second power supply conversion circuit;
the energy storage circuit receives and stores arc energy of the mechanical switch and supplies power to a circuit in the solid branch control module, and the comparison circuit judges that the voltage of the energy storage circuit is compared with a voltage division threshold of the first power supply conversion circuit; if the first power conversion circuit is larger than the second power conversion circuit, a pulse signal is sent to the timer circuit, the timer outputs a timed high pulse to the driving circuit, the driving circuit drives the solid branch circuit according to a high level output by the second power conversion circuit after receiving the high pulse, and the solid branch circuit is conducted; if the former is not larger than the latter, the timer outputs low level to the driving circuit;
the solid-state branch control module blocks current when the mechanical switch is stably switched off/on, and when electric arcs are generated between the AC and/or BC terminals due to closing bounce or breaking, the storage of electric arc energy is realized through the energy accumulator, and the electric arc current is transferred to the solid-state branch from the bridge contact.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the solid state bypass control module further comprises a buffer loop;
after the high pulse output by the timer circuit reaches the falling edge, the driving circuit selects the low level output of the second power supply conversion circuit, the solid-state branch circuit is turned off, overvoltage is generated in the turn-off process, and the buffer circuit performs voltage limitation and energy dissipation.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein fixed terminals a and B are connected to the main load circuit, the power input of the solid-state branch is connected to fixed terminal a, and the power output of the solid-state branch is connected to solid-state terminal B; the input end of the energy storage circuit is connected with the movable terminal C, and the output end of the energy storage circuit is connected with the fixed terminals A and/or B.
4. A device according to claim 3, characterised in that the movable terminals of the bridge contacts of the mechanical switch are fitted with lead-out wires by welding/riveting/screwing etc. for conducting arc energy to the energy accumulator.
5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the energy storage device of the control module is configured to store energy in the arc by passing the ballast through a wire connected to the movable terminal and a wire connected to one end of the fixed terminal.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the solid state branch device is formed of a triode such as an IGBT or MOSFET device.
7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mechanical switch is weak due to an arc generated between contacts, and the self-powered hybrid switch apparatus is designed by selecting a low-voltage switch satisfying a current conduction requirement.
8. The device of claim 2, wherein the snubber circuit is implemented by a metal oxide MOV and RC circuit or TVS.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211408824.3A CN115692086A (en) | 2022-11-11 | 2022-11-11 | Self-powered hybrid switching device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211408824.3A CN115692086A (en) | 2022-11-11 | 2022-11-11 | Self-powered hybrid switching device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115692086A true CN115692086A (en) | 2023-02-03 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211408824.3A Pending CN115692086A (en) | 2022-11-11 | 2022-11-11 | Self-powered hybrid switching device |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115692086A (en) |
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- 2022-11-11 CN CN202211408824.3A patent/CN115692086A/en active Pending
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