CN115685324B - Rock surface non-uniform wave velocity field measuring device and measuring method thereof - Google Patents
Rock surface non-uniform wave velocity field measuring device and measuring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115685324B CN115685324B CN202310010317.2A CN202310010317A CN115685324B CN 115685324 B CN115685324 B CN 115685324B CN 202310010317 A CN202310010317 A CN 202310010317A CN 115685324 B CN115685324 B CN 115685324B
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Abstract
The invention provides a rock surface non-uniform wave velocity field measuring device and a measuring method thereof.A laser ranging radar is arranged above a precise electric steering engine and used for measuring the distance between the laser ranging radar and a marker post; the precise electric steering engine is used for realizing rotation, is connected with the rotatable slide rail and drives the rotatable slide rail to rotate together; a vibration receiving sensor is fixed below the precise electric steering engine; the lower part of the marker post is embedded into the electric slide block, and the lower end of the marker post is connected with a punch; the pressure sensor is arranged between the electric slide block and the punch; the electric sliding block is embedded in the rotatable sliding rail to form a sliding pair; the punching machine realizes rock surface impact; the vibration receiving sensor is used for receiving a vibration signal sent by the punching device when the punching device impacts the rock surface; the pressure sensor receives pressure pulses generated by the punch impacting the rock surface. The method is suitable for complex and variable geological condition environments and rock surfaces, and is simple and convenient to operate; the method has accurate knowledge of initial damage and structural structure of the rock mass surface and short measurement time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of rock engineering stability monitoring, and particularly relates to a rock surface non-uniform wave velocity field measuring device and a measuring method thereof.
Background
The measurement of the wave velocity field of the rock surface or internal structure is an important content for monitoring the stability of the rock. On one hand, the reasonable wave velocity field can provide a basis for monitoring such as micro-seismic and the like, so that the reasonable arrival time is determined, and accurate positioning and seismic source mechanism analysis are further carried out; on the other hand, the reasonable wave velocity field can provide reference for exploration of the surface or internal structure of the rock mass, so that the occurrence of weak geological structures such as a fault structural plane and the like is determined, and a high stress concentration area of the rock mass is further determined. At present, in the measurement of the wave velocity field of the rock surface, a single wave velocity model is generally adopted, that is, a material is assumed to be uniform, however, in reality, the rock is subjected to certain initial damage or destruction under the influence of a plurality of external factors such as dynamic load disturbance and the like, so that the wave velocity field of the rock surface is non-uniform.
The method for acquiring the rock mass surface non-uniform wave velocity field mainly comprises travel time or waveform inversion and the like, and can not meet the precision requirement of microseismic positioning or rock mass structure exploration; the function of the measuring instrument for the rock surface wave velocity field is scarce, the prior art has great limitation, wastes time and labor, and is difficult to be suitable for complicated and changeable geological condition environments in engineering.
Therefore, the device and the method which are simple to operate and can obtain the high-quality rock surface non-uniform wave velocity field have important engineering significance and application value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rock surface non-uniform wave velocity field measuring device and a measuring method thereof aiming at the problems in the prior art, improves the flexibility of rock surface wave velocity field measurement, and is suitable for complex and changeable geological condition environments.
Rock surface inhomogeneous wave velocity field measuring device includes: a laser range radar; a precision electric steering engine; a vibration receiving sensor; a marker post; an electric slider; a pressure sensor; a punch; the slide rail can be rotated.
The laser ranging radar is arranged above the precise electric steering engine and used for measuring the distance between the laser ranging radar and the marker post;
the precise electric steering engine is used for realizing high-speed rotation of 360 degrees, is connected with the rotatable slide rails and drives the rotatable slide rails to rotate together; a vibration receiving sensor is fixed below the precise electric steering engine;
the lower part of the marker rod is embedded into the electric sliding block, and the lower end of the marker rod is connected with a punch; the pressure sensor is arranged between the electric slide block and the punch;
the electric sliding block is embedded in the rotatable sliding rail to form a sliding pair, slides on the rotatable sliding rail and is controllable in position;
the punching device realizes the impact on the surface of the rock and drives the marking rod and the pressure sensor to move together during the impact;
the vibration receiving sensor is used for receiving a vibration signal sent by the punching device when the punching device impacts the rock surface; the pressure sensor receives pressure pulses generated by the punch impacting the rock surface.
The rock surface non-uniform wave velocity field device is adopted for measurement, and the working flow of the method is as follows:
s1, arranging an instrument;
s2, impacting the surface of the rock in a complex geological environment;
s3, collecting and processing pressure, vibration and distance signals;
s4, calculating and obtaining the single-point wave velocity;
s5, acquiring the multi-point wave velocity in the circular dot matrix;
s6, carrying out forward inversion and acquisition on the rock surface non-uniform wave velocity field.
As described in further detail below.
S1, arranging an instrument. When the rock surface non-uniform wave velocity field measuring device is used, the vibration receiving sensor is fixed at the central position of the region of the rock surface wave velocity to be monitored, the vibration receiving sensor is ensured to be attached to the rock surface, and then the measurement of the rock surface non-uniform wave velocity field can be started.
S2, impacting the surface of the rock in a complex geological environment; the punch has a variable stroke when in operation;
s3, collecting and processing pressure, vibration and distance signals; after the punch impacts the rock surface, the pressure sensor receives the impact pressure pulse signal, the signal obtains the AIC value through the signal conversion formula, and the initial time of the impact signal is obtained by analyzing the time corresponding to the minimum AIC value
(ii) a After the pressure sensor receives the impact pressure pulse signal, the laser ranging radar sends out a laser beam array to meetAfter the laser beam is reflected to the marker post, the laser beam is received by the laser ranging radar, and the laser round trip time is obtained
(ii) a After the vibration wave of the punching machine impacting the rock surface is transmitted to the vibration receiving sensor, the vibration receiving sensor receives the vibration pulse signal, the signal obtains the AIC value through a signal conversion formula, and the arrival time of the vibration signal is obtained by analyzing the time corresponding to the minimum AIC value
。
Further, the signal conversion formula includes:
wherein
Is the AIC value at the current time instant,
is the total number of time sample points,
is the sample point from the initial time to the current time,
and
is the mean and variance of the sample points from the initial time to the current time,
and
is from the current moment to the maximumMean and variance of the sample points at the end time.
And S4, calculating and obtaining the single-point wave velocity. The single-point wave velocity is obtained according to a single-point wave velocity calculation formula.
Further, the single-point wave velocity calculation formula includes:
wherein
Is the value of the velocity of the single-point wave,
is the propagation speed of the laser in air.
S5, acquiring the wave velocity of multiple points in the circular dot matrix; the circular lattice is a concentric circle geometry consisting of a plurality of monitoring tracks taking the laser ranging radar as the center;
when the electric sliding block is positioned on a monitoring track at the position, farthest from the laser ranging radar, of the rotatable sliding rail, a single measuring point is a certain point on the monitoring track at the farthest position; and the precise electric steering engine drives the rotatable sliding rail to rotate at a high speed along 360 degrees, and the second step, the second step and the fourth step are repeated at the moment, so that the wave velocity values of all the measuring points on the farthest monitoring track can be obtained.
After the wave velocity of the farthest monitoring track is measured, the electric sliding block drives the mark rod, the pressure sensor and the punch to move to the next monitoring track from outside to inside along the rotatable sliding rail, so that the wave velocity values of all the measuring points on the next monitoring track can be calculated and obtained, and the steps are repeated continuously and circularly until the monitoring track at the nearest part is reached, so that the wave velocity of multiple points in the circular dot matrix is obtained.
S6, carrying out positive inversion and acquisition on the rock surface non-uniform wave velocity field; firstly, determining the area range of a circular lattice and dividing the area range into a grid graph, and assigning the initial surface wave velocity in each grid to be zero so as to complete the initial surface wave velocity field assignment;
carrying out forward and backward deduction of a wave velocity field according to the wave velocity of the actual measuring point; saidThe wave velocity of the actual measuring point is the circular lattice wave velocity
Linear interpolation in each grid; the forward and backward evolution of the wave velocity field comprises forward evolution of the wave velocity field and inversion of the wave velocity field; the forward evolution of the wave velocity field can be carried out by a program function method; and the wave velocity field inversion continuously performs error propagation and parameter optimization by calculating the difference value between the wave velocity field obtained by forward modeling of the wave velocity field and the wave velocity of the actual measuring point to obtain the inverted wave velocity field when the relative error is smaller than an allowable value, namely the final wave velocity field, namely the rock surface non-uniform wave velocity field to be measured.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the measuring device and the measuring method can be suitable for complex and changeable geological condition environments and rock surfaces, are simple and convenient to operate and have high flexibility;
3. the distance and the direction of a vibration source can be accurately acquired by rotating the sliding rail and the laser radar, and the initial damage and the structural structure of the surface of the rock mass can be more accurately known;
4. after the measuring device is arranged, the sliding rail can rotate at 360 degrees in an all-around high speed, the distance between the punch and the receiving sensor can be automatically controlled, and the measuring time is short.
Drawings
The following further describes the specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings and technical solutions.
FIG. 1 is an overall structural view of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3a is a schematic view of the punch over a relatively large stroke as measured at a locally depressed rock surface in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3b is a schematic view of the punch over a relatively small stroke as measured over a partially convex rock surface in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4a is a graph of laser round trip time obtained according to the present invention
Schematic diagram of；
FIG. 4b illustrates the pressure sensor of the present invention receiving an impulse pressure signal;
FIG. 4c is a diagram of the vibration receiving sensor receiving a vibration pulse signal in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5a is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of obtaining the wave velocity of multiple points in a circular lattice according to the present invention;
FIG. 5b is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of obtaining the multi-point wave velocity in the C8 monitoring trace according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the device for acquiring the non-uniform wave velocity field of the rock surface.
Detailed Description
To facilitate understanding and practice of the invention by those of ordinary skill in the art, the invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, it being understood that the present examples are set forth merely to illustrate and explain the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides a rock surface non-uniform wave velocity field measuring device, which is used for realizing rock surface non-uniform wave velocity field measurement in a complex geological environment. As shown in FIG. 1, the device for measuring the non-uniform wave velocity field on the rock surface comprises: a laser ranging radar 1; a precision electric steering engine 2; a vibration receiving sensor 3; a marking post 4; an electric slider 5; a pressure sensor 6; a punch 7; the slide rail 8 can be rotated.
The laser ranging radar 1 is positioned above the precise electric steering engine 2 and can measure the distance between the laser ranging radar 1 and the marker post 4;
the precise electric steering engine 2 can realize 360-degree high-speed rotation, a laser ranging radar 1 is fixed above the precise electric steering engine, a vibration receiving sensor 3 is fixed below the precise electric steering engine, and a main body is connected with a rotatable slide rail 8 and can drive the rotatable slide rail 8 to rotate together when in use;
the vibration receiving sensor 3 is mainly used for receiving a vibration signal sent by a punch 7 impacting the surface of a rock, and a precise electric steering engine 2 is fixed above the vibration receiving sensor;
the marking rod 4 is provided with a vertical strip-shaped marker which can be identified by the laser ranging radar 1, the lower part of the marking rod is embedded into the electric slide block 5, and the lower part of the marking rod is connected with a pressure sensor 6;
the electric sliding block 5 is embedded in the rotatable sliding rail 8, can slide on the rotatable sliding rail 8 and is controllable in position, and the upper part and the lower part of the electric sliding block are respectively connected with the marking rod 4 and the pressure sensor 6;
the pressure sensor 6 can receive pressure pulse generated by the impact of the punch 7 on the rock surface and is arranged between the electric slide block 5 and the punch 7;
the punching device 7 can realize rock surface impact and can drive the marking rod 4 and the pressure sensor 6 to move together during impact;
the rotatable sliding rail 8 is connected with the precise electric steering engine 2, 360-degree rotation can be achieved, the electric sliding block 5 is embedded into the rotatable sliding rail 8, and the electric sliding block 5 can freely slide on the rotatable sliding rail 8.
As shown in fig. 2, the working flow of the rock surface non-uniform wave velocity field measurement method is as follows:
s1, arranging an instrument;
s2, rock surface impact in a complex geological environment;
s3, collecting and processing pressure, vibration and distance signals;
s4, calculating and obtaining the single-point wave velocity;
s5, acquiring the wave velocity of multiple points in the circular dot matrix;
s6, carrying out forward inversion and acquisition on the rock surface non-uniform wave velocity field.
The working process and working principle of the present invention are further described in detail with reference to the working process and the drawings of the specific embodiments.
S1, arranging an instrument. When the rock surface non-uniform wave velocity field measuring device is used, the vibration receiving sensor 3 can be fixed at the approximate central position of the rock surface wave velocity region to be monitored, the vibration receiving sensor 3 is ensured to be approximately attached to the rock surface, and then the rock surface non-uniform wave velocity field can be measured.
And S2, rock surface impact in a complex geological environment. The rock surface non-uniform wave velocity field measuring device is not influenced by rock surface roughness and undulation, local geological structure or overall curvature, and the punching device 7 has variable stroke during working. As shown in figure 3a, when encountering a partially recessed rock surface, the punch 7 impacts the rock surface after a relatively large stroke; when encountering a locally convex rock surface, the punch 7 impacts the rock surface after a small stroke, as shown in figure 3 b.
And S3, acquiring and processing pressure, vibration and distance signals. After the impact of the punch 7 against the rock surface, the pressure sensor 6 receives the impact pressure pulse signal, which can be used to obtain the AIC value through the signal conversion formula, and the starting time of the impact signal can be obtained by analyzing the time corresponding to the minimum AIC value, as shown in fig. 4a to 4c
(ii) a After the pressure sensor 6 receives the impact pressure pulse signal, the laser ranging radar 1 sends out a laser beam array, the laser ranging radar 1 receives the laser beam array after the laser ranging radar array is reflected after encountering the marker post 4, and the round trip time of laser can be obtained
(ii) a After the vibration wave of the impact rock surface of the punch 7 is transmitted to the vibration receiving sensor 3, the vibration receiving sensor 3 receives the vibration pulse signal, the signal can obtain an AIC value through a signal conversion formula, and the arrival time of the vibration signal can be obtained by analyzing the time corresponding to the minimum AIC value
。
Further, the signal conversion formula includes:
wherein
Is the AIC value at the current time instant,
is time samplingThe total number of dots is,
is the sample point from the initial time to the current time,
and
is the mean and variance of the sample points from the initial time to the current time,
and
is the mean and variance of the sample points from the current time to the final time.
And S4, calculating and obtaining the single-point wave velocity. The single-point wave velocity can be obtained according to a single-point wave velocity calculation formula.
Further, the single-point wave velocity calculation formula includes:
wherein
Is the value of the velocity of the single-point wave,
is the propagation speed of the laser in air.
And S5, acquiring the multi-point wave velocity in the circular lattice. As shown in fig. 5a, the circular lattice is a concentric geometry composed of a plurality of monitoring tracks centered on the laser ranging radar 1.
As shown in fig. 5b, when the electric slider 5 is located at a position far away from the laser ranging radar 1 by the rotatable slide rail 8, the position is located on the C8 monitoring track, and the single measuring point 9 is a certain point on the C8 monitoring track. The precise electric steering engine 2 can drive the rotatable slide rail 8 to rotate at a high speed along 360 degrees in a small stepping angle, and the second step, the second step and the fourth step are repeated at the moment, so that wave velocity values of all measuring points on the C8 monitoring track can be obtained.
Further, after the wave velocity of the C8 monitoring track is measured, the electric slider 5 can drive the marking rod 4, the pressure sensor 6 and the punch 7 to move from outside to inside to the C7 monitoring track 10 along the rotatable slide rail 8, as shown in fig. 5a, the wave velocity values of all the measuring points on the C7 monitoring track 10 can be calculated, and the steps are repeated continuously and circularly until the C1 monitoring track on the inner side is reached, so that the wave velocity of multiple points in the circular lattice is obtained.
And S6, carrying out positive inversion and acquisition on the rock surface non-uniform wave velocity field. As shown in fig. 6, a circular lattice area range is determined and divided into grid maps with a certain side length, and the initial surface wave velocity in each grid is assigned to be zero, so that the initial surface wave velocity field assignment is completed;
forward and backward evolution of a wave velocity field is carried out according to the wave velocity of the actual measuring point; the wave velocity of the actual measuring point is the wave velocity of a circular lattice
Linear interpolation in each grid; the forward and backward evolution of the wave velocity field comprises forward evolution of the wave velocity field and inversion of the wave velocity field; the forward evolution of the wave velocity field can be carried out by a program function method; the wave velocity field inversion continuously performs error propagation and parameter optimization by calculating the difference value between the wave velocity field obtained by forward modeling of the wave velocity field and the wave velocity of an actual measuring point, and obtains an inverted wave velocity field when the relative error is smaller than a smaller allowable value, namely a final wave velocity field; the final wave velocity field is the rock surface non-uniform wave velocity field to be measured.
Claims (9)
1. Rock surface inhomogeneous wave velocity field measuring device, its characterized in that includes: a laser range radar (1); a precision electric steering engine (2); a vibration receiving sensor (3); a marking rod (4); an electric slider (5); a pressure sensor (6); a punch (7); a rotatable slide rail (8);
the laser ranging radar (1) is arranged above the precise electric steering engine (2) and is used for measuring the distance between the laser ranging radar (1) and the marker post (4);
the precise electric steering engine (2) is used for realizing rotation, is connected with the rotatable sliding rails (8) and drives the rotatable sliding rails (8) to rotate together; a vibration receiving sensor (3) is fixed below the precise electric steering engine (2);
the marking rod (4) is provided with a vertical strip-shaped marker which is used for being identified by the laser ranging radar (1), the lower part of the marking rod (4) is embedded into the electric sliding block (5), and the lower end of the marking rod is connected with a stamping device (7); the pressure sensor (6) is arranged between the electric slide block (5) and the punch (7);
the electric sliding block (5) is embedded in the rotatable sliding rail (8) to form a sliding pair, slides on the rotatable sliding rail (8) and has a controllable position;
the punching device (7) realizes rock surface impact and drives the marking rod (4) and the pressure sensor (6) to move together during impact;
the vibration receiving sensor (3) is used for receiving a vibration signal sent by the impact of the punch (7) on the rock surface; the pressure sensor (6) receives pressure pulses generated by the impact of the punch (7) on the rock surface.
2. The rock surface non-uniform wave velocity field measuring method is characterized in that the rock surface non-uniform wave velocity field measuring device of claim 1 is adopted, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging an instrument;
s2, rock surface impact in a complex geological environment;
s3, collecting and processing pressure, vibration and distance signals;
s4, calculating and obtaining the single-point wave velocity;
s5, acquiring the multi-point wave velocity in the circular dot matrix;
and S6, carrying out positive inversion and acquisition on the rock surface non-uniform wave velocity field.
3. The method for measuring the rock surface non-uniform wave velocity field according to the claim 2, characterized in that in the step S1, when the device for measuring the rock surface non-uniform wave velocity field is used, the vibration receiving sensor (3) is fixed at the center of the rock surface wave velocity region to be monitored, so that the vibration receiving sensor (3) is ensured to be attached to the rock surface, and the measurement of the rock surface non-uniform wave velocity field can be started.
4. The method for measuring the nonuniform wave velocity field of the rock surface according to claim 2, wherein in S2, the punch (7) has a variable stroke during operation.
5. The method for measuring the nonuniform wave velocity field of the rock surface according to claim 2, wherein the S3 is implemented by the following steps that after the punching device (7) impacts the rock surface, the pressure sensor (6) receives an impact pressure pulse signal, the signal obtains an AIC value through a signal conversion formula, and the starting time of the impact signal is obtained by analyzing the time corresponding to the minimum AIC value
(ii) a After the pressure sensor (6) receives the impact pressure pulse signal, the laser ranging radar (1) sends out a laser beam array, and the laser ranging radar (1) receives the laser beam array after the laser ranging radar meets the marker post (4) and is reflected, so that the laser round-trip time is obtained
(ii) a After the vibration wave of the impact rock surface of the punching device (7) is transmitted to the vibration receiving sensor (3), the vibration receiving sensor (3) receives a vibration pulse signal, the signal obtains an AIC value through a signal conversion formula, and the arrival time of the vibration signal is obtained by analyzing the time corresponding to the minimum AIC value
。
6. The method for measuring the nonuniform wave velocity field of the rock surface according to claim 5, wherein the signal conversion formula comprises:
wherein
Is the AIC value at the current time instant,
is the total number of time sample points,
is the sample point from the initial time to the current time,
and
is the mean and variance of the sample points from the initial time to the current time,
and
is the mean and variance of the sample points from the current time to the final time.
7. The method for measuring the nonuniform wave velocity field on the rock surface according to claim 5, wherein in S4, the single-point wave velocity is obtained according to a single-point wave velocity calculation formula; the single-point wave velocity calculation formula comprises:
wherein
Is the value of the velocity of the single-point wave,
is the propagation speed of the laser in air.
8. The method for measuring the nonuniform wave velocity field of the rock surface according to claim 2, wherein in S5, the circular lattice is a concentric circle geometry composed of a plurality of monitoring tracks with a laser ranging radar (1) as a center;
when the electric sliding block (5) is positioned on a monitoring track at the farthest position of the rotatable sliding rail (8) from the laser ranging radar (1), a single measuring point (9) is a certain point on the monitoring track at the farthest position; the precise electric steering engine (2) drives the rotatable slide rail (8) to rotate at a high speed along 360 degrees, and the second step to the fourth step are repeated at the moment, so that wave velocity values of all measuring points on the farthest monitoring track can be obtained;
after the wave velocity of the farthest monitoring track is measured, the electric slide block (5) drives the mark rod (4), the pressure sensor (6) and the punch (7) to move to the next monitoring track from outside to inside along the rotatable slide rail (8), the wave velocity values of all measuring points on the next monitoring track can be calculated and obtained, and the steps are repeated continuously and circularly until the monitoring track at the nearest position is reached, so that the wave velocity of multiple points in the circular dot matrix is obtained.
9. The method for measuring the rock surface nonuniform wave velocity field according to claim 2, wherein in S6, the rock surface nonuniform wave velocity field is inverted and acquired; firstly, determining a circular lattice area range, dividing the circular lattice area range into a grid map, and assigning the initial surface wave velocity in each grid to be zero so as to complete the initial surface wave velocity field assignment;
carrying out forward and backward deduction of a wave velocity field according to the wave velocity of the actual measuring point; the wave velocity of the actual measuring point is the wave velocity of a circular lattice
Linear interpolation in each grid; the forward and backward evolution of the wave velocity field comprises forward evolution of the wave velocity field and inversion of the wave velocity field; the forward evolution of the wave velocity field is carried out by a path function method; and the wave velocity field inversion continuously performs error propagation and parameter optimization by calculating the difference value between the wave velocity field obtained by forward modeling of the wave velocity field and the wave velocity of the actual measuring point, so as to obtain the inverted wave velocity field when the relative error is smaller than an allowable value, namely the final wave velocity field, wherein the final wave velocity field is the rock surface non-uniform wave velocity field to be measured.
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| NO301736B1 (en) * | 1994-09-14 | 1997-12-01 | Nyfotek As | Procedure for measuring sound speed and sample holder |
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| US5166910A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1992-11-24 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Method and apparatus for measuring the acoustic velocity |
| CN103713050A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for measuring attenuation curve of seismic wave in rock by using laser receiving apparatus |
| CN104251883A (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Non-contact rock sound wave speed detection method |
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