CN115684975A - Method and system for quantizing battery micro short circuit based on balanced electric quantity - Google Patents
Method and system for quantizing battery micro short circuit based on balanced electric quantity Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a system for quantifying micro short circuit of a battery based on balanced electric quantity, the method comprises the steps of marking the battery with the lowest voltage when two adjacent balances start, researching a topological structure of a battery pack and a balancing scheme to calculate the balanced electric quantity of each battery, calculating a leakage current and a short circuit resistance data set of the marked battery according to the balanced electric quantity, positioning an abnormally aged battery by a 3 sigma rule, rejecting data of the abnormally aged battery, averaging residual data to obtain the abnormally aged batteryI MSC 、 R MSC Finally, judging and calibrating the fault severity of the battery and giving out safety early warning in advance; the invention considers the influence of battery balance and can accurately calculate the micro-short-circuit batteryI MSC AndR MSC the method has the advantages of no manual intervention, strong robustness,whether the battery has micro short circuit or not can be accurately judged, and the false alarm rate is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power lithium battery fault diagnosis, and particularly relates to a method and a system for calculating balanced electric quantity after battery charging is finished and quantifying battery micro short circuit based on the balanced electric quantity.
Background
When the market share of new energy automobiles is increased and the number of electric automobiles is rapidly increased, safety accidents of power lithium batteries also frequently occur, life and property safety of people is seriously threatened, and the problem of battery safety becomes a bottleneck problem restricting the development of the electric automobiles. Through analysis, the electric vehicle fire accident is usually caused by thermal runaway caused by internal and external faults occurring in the use process of the battery monomer. The abnormal single batteries are accurately identified and treated earlier before thermal runaway occurs, so that battery safety accidents can be effectively avoided, and the method has great significance for saving lives and preventing property loss.
At present, accurate judgment and quantification of short circuit severity of an internal short circuit battery at a critical value are still the research difficulties for controlling the safety problem of the battery, and on one hand, after the lithium ion battery is loaded and operated, only cell voltage and temperature signals are collected in consideration of cost, and the signals are single; on the other hand, the BMS has an equalization system to eliminate the inconsistency among the batteries, so that the fault information of the micro-short-circuit batteries is hidden, and the detection difficulty is increased.
In the existing technologies, the scheme of balanced quantitative detection of micro short circuit is realized by compensating the original method by considering the calculation of balanced electric quantity. For example, the relation between the Residual Charge Capacity (RCC) and the Equalized Electric Quantity (EEQ) is researched, the electric quantity generated by equalization after charging is calculated to correct the RCC, the leakage current and the short-circuit resistance are obtained through the difference value of the RCC for two times, and finally whether the internal circuit occurs and the severity of the internal short circuit are quantitatively analyzed. The relation between EEQ and SOC difference is also researched, the SOC is corrected through over-balanced electric quantity, and EEQ compensation is carried out on the traditional ISC detection method based on SOC difference to achieve fault detection. The judgment of the micro short circuit has high requirement on the precision of quantitative calculation, the method needs manual intervention, the error of the quantitative micro short circuit is large, and the actual effect is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is desirable to provide a quantitative battery micro short detection method with a short determination period and a more accurate identification in consideration of battery equalization.
The invention relates to a method for quantizing micro short circuit of a battery based on balanced electric quantity, which comprises the steps of firstly marking the battery with the lowest voltage when two adjacent balances start, researching a topological structure of a battery pack and a balancing scheme to calculate the balanced electric quantity of each battery, calculating and marking a leakage current and short circuit resistance data set of the battery according to the balanced electric quantity, positioning an abnormally aged battery by a 3 sigma rule, removing data of the abnormally aged battery, averaging the rest data to obtain the abnormally aged batteryI MSC 、R MSC Finally, judging and calibrating the fault severity of the battery and giving out safety early warning in advance; the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
a method for quantifying micro short circuit of battery based on equalized electric quantity comprises
Acquiring data and a balancing strategy of all single batteries, and calibrating a fault battery with internal short circuit;
calculating the balance electric quantity, the leakage current and the short circuit internal resistance data of all the batteries for n times according to the balance strategy;
positioning the abnormal aged battery by using a 3 sigma rule according to the data of the leakage resistance and the short-circuit resistance, and rejecting the data to obtain leakage current data and the short-circuit resistance of the marked battery;
and judging and marking the severity of the battery, and performing safety early warning.
In the above method for quantifying micro-short circuit of battery based on equalized electric quantity, the single battery data includes battery charging voltage data
Voltage data at cell equalization
Cell in which equalization occurs
And the time when the equalization takes place and is cut off
。
In the method for quantifying the micro short circuit of the battery based on the balanced electric quantity, the balancing strategy of the battery is obtained from the BMS system, and the balancing strategy comprises a topological structure and a balancing scheme of the battery; the cells with the lowest voltage at the beginning of the two adjacent balancing n-1 times and n times are fault cells with the possibility of internal short circuit.
In the method for quantizing the battery micro short circuit based on the balanced electric quantity, the balanced electric quantity is based on the voltages at two ends when the batteries are balanced
And calculating the topological structures of the passive balance of different electric vehicles, setting the balance resistance as R, and balancing the battery i, wherein the balance current is calculated by
Formula is obtained, and balance electric quantity is obtained by
Thus obtaining the product.
In the above-mentioned method for quantifying micro-short circuit of battery based on equalized power,
the leakage current is calculated by the formula
In which
In order to be the leakage current data,
for the equalized power amount for the nth time,
the equalization ending time of the N-1 th equalization of the battery i,
the nth equalization end time of the battery i;
short-circuit resistance of battery
Wherein
In order to be a short-circuit resistor,
and marking the average voltage of the battery from the N-1 equalization ending time to the Nth equalization ending time.
In the foregoing method for quantifying micro short circuit of battery based on equalized electric quantity, based on the definition:
the nth equalized electric quantity of the abnormally aged battery is higher than that of the normal battery, and the leakage current is higher
Large data, short circuit resistance
The data is small;
the abnormally aged cell is located using the 3 σ method, as follows:
wherein
、
Is the average of the leakage current and short circuit resistance data,
、
the standard deviation is used as the standard deviation,
and
the calculated leakage current and short circuit resistance data for all cells,
to calculate the number of short circuit current data.
In the above method for quantifying micro short circuit of battery based on equalized electric quantity, the calculation formula of leakage current and short circuit resistance of the faulty battery obtained by averaging the effective data is as follows:
wherein
And
the calculated leakage current and short circuit resistance data for a normal cell,
is 3 sigmaThe total number of short-circuit current data after the abnormal data is removed is determined by the rule,
and
respectively representing the short-circuit resistance and the leakage current of the faulty battery.
In the above method for quantifying micro short circuit of battery based on equalized electric quantity, the calculated leakage current of the calibration battery is compared with the rated capacity thereof, and the first judgment is made according to the comparison result:
when in use
When the ratio of (A) to (B) is less than or equal to 1/10000, the short circuit is not generated;
when in use
If the ratio of (1/10000) to (1/100) is greater than or equal to the ratio of (1/10000), the battery is determined to have micro short circuit;
when the temperature is higher than the set temperature
When the ratio of (A)/(B) is greater than 1/100, the battery is judged to have a relatively serious internal short circuit.
In the method for quantifying the micro short circuit of the battery based on the balanced electric quantity, the short circuit resistance is calculated and is a comparison result two, the comparison result one and the comparison result two are subjected to combined verification, and the internal short circuit degree is in inverse proportion to the comparison result.
A system for quantifying battery micro-shorts based on equalized electrical quantities, comprising:
a first module: the battery balancing method comprises the steps that the battery balancing method is configured to be used for obtaining all single battery data and balancing strategies and calibrating fault batteries with internal short circuits possibly existing;
a second module: the balancing strategy is configured to calculate balancing electric quantity, leakage current and short-circuit internal resistance data of all the batteries for n times;
a third module: the battery short-circuit detection device is configured to locate the abnormal aged battery by using a 3 sigma rule according to the leakage resistance and short-circuit resistance data, and reject the data to obtain leakage current data and short-circuit resistance of the marked battery;
a fourth module: is configured to judge the severity of the marked battery and perform safety precaution.
The invention can accurately calculate the micro short circuit batteryI MSC AndR MSC and the missing judgment and the misjudgment of the short-circuit battery are reduced, so that the accuracy of battery fault diagnosis can be effectively improved, and the personal safety of a driver and the vehicle running safety are better guaranteed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a passive equalization topology.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a fault diagnosis of a micro-short circuit of a battery based on a quantity of equalized electricity.
Detailed Description
The method for quantitatively analyzing the battery failure provided by the present invention will be described in further detail below.
The method for detecting and diagnosing the fault of the input battery signal comprises the following specific steps:
s1, collecting data of each single battery in the battery charging process, wherein the data comprises battery charging voltage dataU 1 (t)Voltage data at cell equalizationU 2 (t)Cell in which equalization occursC i And time T of occurrence and cut-off of equalization i 。
S2, acquiring a balancing strategy of the battery, wherein the balancing strategy mainly comprises a topological structure and a balancing scheme of the battery; and calibrating the battery with the lowest voltage at the beginning of two adjacent balances, and recording the balance of the two balances as n-1 and n times respectively.
S3, calculating the balanced electric quantity of all the batteries balanced for the nth time, wherein the step S3 comprises the following steps:
s3.1, balancing electric quantity mainly according to voltage at two ends of battery when battery is balancedU 2 (t)Calculated for different topologies for passive balancing of electric vehicles, e.g. balancing resistance RAt this time, the battery i is balanced, the balancing topological graph is shown in fig. 1, and the specific balancing control strategy is as follows:
(1) Equalization being turned on only after charging has ended
(2) And controlling the starting time of the equalization according to the voltage difference of the batteries, namely starting the equalization when the difference between the battery voltage and the minimum voltage battery is more than 0.02V.
(3) When the voltage difference between the batteries is less than 0.01V or the equalization time period exceeds four hours, the equalization is stopped.
By analyzing the balanced topological structure, the balanced current and the balanced electric quantity of the battery when the balance occurs are obtained by the following formulas:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in order to equalize the currents,
in order to equalize the voltage across the battery,
in order to equalize the resistance, the resistance is,
to equalize the electrical quantities. The above-mentioned electricity quantity equalization algorithm is only for the current equalization topological structure, and the equalization electricity quantity can be calculated according to the actual topological structure in the application.
S4, calculating leakage current and short-circuit internal resistance data according to the balance current, wherein the step S4 comprises the following steps:
s4.1, if the balance reference battery is an inner short-circuit battery, balancing electric quantity according to balance
Calculating leakage current and short-circuit resistance data of the short-circuit battery, wherein the calculation formula of the leakage current and the short-circuit resistance is
Wherein
In order to be the leakage current data,
the last equalization end time of the battery i,
and the battery i is the balance finishing time of this time.
In order to be a short-circuit resistor,
is the average voltage of the entire equalization period.
And S4.2, repeating the operation of the S4.1 to obtain leakage current data and short-circuit resistance data of all the short-circuit batteries to all other batteries.
Locating abnormal aged battery by using 3 sigma rule according to data of leakage resistance and short circuit resistance, and removing data to obtain marked battery
And
；
the step of S5 comprises:
s5.1, positioning the abnormally aged battery by the balance electric quantity, wherein the balance electric quantity of the abnormally aged battery is obviously higher than that of the normal battery by considering the balance strategy because the capacity of the abnormally aged battery is much smaller than that of the normal battery, so that the calculated balance electric quantity is caused
The data will be larger，
The data will be small; by this principle, an abnormally aged battery is located using the 3 σ method, and the formula is as follows:
wherein
、
Is the average of the leakage current and short circuit resistance data,
、
is the standard deviation of the measured data to be measured,
~ 
and
~ 
the calculated leakage current and short circuit resistance data for all cells, the normal short circuit current data are distributed
S5.2, averagely calculating the effective data to obtain the leakage current and the short-circuit resistance of the fault battery according to the following calculation formula:
wherein
And
the calculated leakage current and short circuit resistance data for a normal cell,
the total number of short-circuit current data after abnormal data is removed for the 3 sigma rule,
and
respectively, representing the short-circuit resistance and leakage current of a faulty battery.
S6, the step of judging the severity of the battery comprises the following steps:
and S6.1, comparing the leakage current and the capacity of the battery with the lowest electric quantity, judging the severity of the fault, and performing combined verification by using a short-circuit resistor, wherein the smaller the short-circuit resistor is, the more serious the internal short circuit is. The determination conditions were as follows:
and S7, making safety early warning aiming at the judgment fault.
The invention provides a method for quantifying micro short circuit of a battery based on balanced electric quantity, which comprises the steps of firstly marking the battery with the lowest voltage when two adjacent balances start, researching a topological structure of a battery pack and a balancing scheme to calculate the balanced electric quantity of each battery, calculating and marking a leakage current and short circuit resistance data set of the battery according to the balanced electric quantity, positioning an abnormally aged battery by a 3 sigma rule, rejecting data of the abnormally aged battery, averaging residual data to obtain the abnormally aged battery
、 
Finally, judging and calibrating the fault severity of the battery and giving out safety early warning in advance; the invention can accurately calculate the micro-short circuit battery
And
it is critical to improve the safety of the battery pack product.
In addition, other changes may be made by those skilled in the art of battery technology within the spirit of the invention, and it is intended that the scope of the invention be limited to such changes as fall within the spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for quantizing battery micro short circuit based on balanced electric quantity is characterized by comprising
Acquiring data and a balancing strategy of all single batteries, and calibrating a fault battery with internal short circuit;
calculating the balance electric quantity, the leakage current and the short circuit internal resistance data of all the batteries for n times according to a balance strategy;
positioning the abnormal aged battery by using a 3 sigma rule according to the data of the leakage resistance and the short-circuit resistance, and rejecting the data to obtain leakage current data and the short-circuit resistance of the marked battery;
and judging and marking the severity of the battery, and carrying out safety early warning.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cell data comprises cell charging voltage data
Voltage data at battery equalization
Cell in which equalization occurs
And the time when the equalization takes place and ends
。
3. The method for quantifying the micro short circuit of the battery based on the equalized electric quantity according to claim 1, wherein the equalization strategy of the battery is obtained from a BMS system, and comprises a topological structure and an equalization scheme of the battery; the cell with the lowest voltage at the beginning of two adjacent equalizations n-1 and n times is the faulty cell where there may be an internal short.
4. The method for quantifying micro-short circuit of battery based on equalized electric quantity according to claim 1, wherein the equalized electric quantity is based on voltage at two ends of battery during equalization
And calculating the topological structures of the passive balance of different electric vehicles, setting the balance resistance as R, and balancing the battery i, wherein the balance current is calculated by
Formula is obtained, and balance electric quantity is obtained by
Thus obtaining the product.
5. The method for quantifying micro-short circuit of battery based on equalized electric quantity according to claim 1,
the leakage current is calculated by the formula
Wherein
In order to be the leakage current data,
for the equalized power amount for the nth time,
at the equalization end time of the N-1 th cell i,
the nth equalization finishing moment of the battery i;
short-circuit resistance of battery
In which
In order to be a short-circuit resistor,
and marking the average voltage of the battery from the N-1 equalization end time to the Nth equalization end time.
6. The method for quantifying the micro-short circuit of the battery based on the equalized electric quantity according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps based on definition:
the nth equalized electric quantity of the abnormally aged battery is higher than that of the normal battery, and the leakage current is higher
Large data, short circuit resistance
The data is small;
the abnormally aged cell is located using the 3 σ method, as follows:
wherein
、
Is the average of the leakage current and short circuit resistance data,
、
is the standard deviation of the measured data to be measured,
and
the calculated leakage current and short circuit resistance data for all cells,
to calculate the number of short circuit current data.
7. The method for quantizing the micro short circuit of the battery based on the equalized electric quantity according to claim 1, wherein the calculation formula for the leakage current and the short circuit resistance of the fault battery obtained by averaging the effective data is as follows:
wherein
And
the calculated leakage current and short circuit resistance data for a normal cell,
the total number of short-circuit current data after abnormal data is removed for the 3 sigma rule,
and
respectively, representing the short-circuit resistance and leakage current of a faulty battery.
8. The method for quantifying the micro short circuit of the battery based on the equalized electric quantity according to claim 7, wherein the calculated leakage current of the calibrated battery is compared with the rated capacity of the calibrated battery, and the determination of the leakage current is carried out according to the comparison result:
when in use
When the ratio of (A) to (B) is less than or equal to 1/10000, the short circuit is not generated;
when the temperature is higher than the set temperature
If the ratio of (1/10000) to (1/100) is greater than or equal to the ratio of (1/10000), the battery is determined to have micro short circuit;
when the temperature is higher than the set temperature
When the ratio of (A) is more than 1/100, the battery is judged to have a relatively serious internal short circuit.
9. The method for quantifying the micro short circuit of the battery based on the equalized electric quantity according to claim 1, wherein a short circuit resistance is calculated and is a comparison result two, the comparison result one and the comparison result two are subjected to combined verification, and the internal short circuit degree is in inverse proportion to the comparison result.
10. A system for quantifying battery micro-short circuit based on equalized electric quantity is characterized by comprising:
a first module: the battery balancing method comprises the steps that the battery balancing method is configured to be used for obtaining all single battery data and balancing strategies and calibrating fault batteries with internal short circuits possibly existing;
a second module: the method comprises the steps of calculating balanced electric quantity, leakage current and short-circuit internal resistance data of all batteries for n times according to a balancing strategy;
a third module: the battery short-circuit detection device is configured to locate the abnormal aged battery by using a 3 sigma rule according to the leakage resistance and short-circuit resistance data, and reject the data to obtain leakage current data and short-circuit resistance of the marked battery;
a fourth module: is configured to judge the severity of the marked battery and perform safety precaution.
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Cited By (1)
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