CN113602147B - Battery fault detection method and battery fault detection device - Google Patents
Battery fault detection method and battery fault detection device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113602147B CN113602147B CN202110898773.6A CN202110898773A CN113602147B CN 113602147 B CN113602147 B CN 113602147B CN 202110898773 A CN202110898773 A CN 202110898773A CN 113602147 B CN113602147 B CN 113602147B
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 208000032953 Device battery issue Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 26
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 description 81
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a battery fault detection method and a battery fault detection device, wherein the battery fault detection method comprises the following steps: charging the battery pack, intermittently discharging the battery pack for a short time in the charging process, and acquiring charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery core in the charging and discharging process; processing the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell to obtain a battery cell characteristic value; and identifying the characteristic value of the battery cell, judging whether the characteristic value of the battery cell is abnormal, and judging that the battery cell fails when the characteristic value of the battery cell is abnormal. According to the battery fault detection method and the battery fault detection device, whether faults such as lithium precipitation and internal short circuit occur or not can be actively detected in real time in the charging process, the safety of the battery cell can be comprehensively protected, risks can be reduced to the minimum, the lithium precipitation and internal short circuit detection effectiveness is high, the sensitivity is high, meanwhile, the data processing is simple, the detection cost is low, a monitoring module or a part is not required to be additionally arranged, and the lithium precipitation condition of the battery cell can be improved by adding a discharging program in the charging process.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of battery technologies, and in particular, to a battery fault detection method and a battery fault detection device.
Background
With the development of society and the increasing importance of people on environmental protection, electric automobiles are widely applied, and with the development of new energy automobiles worldwide, the conservation amount of the electric automobiles is greatly increased. The power battery is also important as an energy source of the electric automobile. However, in recent years, a new energy automobile is frequently caused to catch fire due to thermal runaway of a power battery, and the popularization of the new energy automobile using a lithium ion power battery as an energy storage device is seriously affected.
There are many causes of thermal runaway in lithium-ion power batteries, of which internal short circuits and lithium evolution are important two inducers. The traditional internal short circuit monitoring and detecting method is that temperature rise rate, pressure drop rate, gas monitoring and the like are monitored passively, hysteresis of the mode is large, thermal runaway cannot be basically avoided when abnormality is monitored, and great potential safety hazards exist; meanwhile, part of traditional detection methods need more detection devices and are required to be carried out off-line, and on-line detection cannot be carried out. The traditional lithium separation detection method has poor detection sensitivity through charge and discharge efficiency, dv/dt and the like, and is not good for monitoring in the whole vehicle application process.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a battery fault detection method and a battery fault detection device which can actively, timely and real-timely detect occurrence of lithium precipitation and internal short circuit and better monitor occurrence of lithium precipitation and internal short circuit.
The embodiment of the invention provides a battery fault detection method, which comprises the following steps:
charging the battery pack, intermittently discharging the battery pack for a short time in the charging process, and acquiring charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery core in the charging and discharging process;
processing the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell to obtain a battery cell characteristic value;
and identifying the battery cell characteristic value, judging whether the battery cell characteristic value is abnormal, and judging that the battery cell is in fault when the battery cell characteristic value is abnormal.
In one embodiment, the step of identifying the characteristic value of the battery cell and determining whether the characteristic value of the battery cell is abnormal specifically includes: comparing the battery cell characteristic value with a standard battery cell characteristic value, and judging that the battery cell characteristic value is abnormal when the battery cell characteristic value is inconsistent with the standard battery cell characteristic value, wherein the standard battery cell characteristic value is the battery cell characteristic value when the battery cell is normal.
In one embodiment, the number of the battery cells is plural, and the step of identifying the characteristic value of the battery cell and judging whether the characteristic value of the battery cell is abnormal specifically includes: comparing the cell characteristic values of the plurality of cells, and judging that one or more cell characteristic values of the cells are abnormal when the difference between the cell characteristic values of any two cells is larger than a preset value.
In one embodiment, the life cycle of the battery pack includes an initial use period and a middle and late use period, and the battery fault detection method further includes the steps of:
the step of charging the battery pack, intermittently discharging the battery pack for a short time in the charging process, and acquiring the charging and discharging characteristic parameters of the battery core in the charging and discharging process comprises the following steps: charging the battery pack at the initial use stage of the battery pack, intermittently discharging the battery pack for a short time in the charging process, and acquiring initial charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell in the charging and discharging process; charging the battery pack at the middle and later periods of use of the battery pack, intermittently discharging the battery pack for a short time in the charging process, and acquiring current charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell in the charging and discharging process;
the step of processing the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell to obtain a battery cell characteristic value comprises the following steps: processing the initial charge and discharge characteristic parameters and the current charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell to respectively obtain an initial battery cell characteristic value and a current battery cell characteristic value;
identifying the battery cell characteristic value, judging whether the battery cell characteristic value is abnormal, and when the battery cell characteristic value is abnormal, judging that the battery cell has a fault comprises the following steps: comparing the current cell characteristic value with the initial cell characteristic value, judging that the current cell characteristic value is abnormal when the current cell characteristic value is inconsistent with the initial cell characteristic value, and judging that the cell is faulty when the current cell characteristic value is abnormal.
In one embodiment, the intermittent short-time discharging of the battery pack during the charging process is specifically: discharging after charging to the set charge state of each battery; or discharging after the step charging is finished; alternatively, the discharge is performed every preset period of time.
In one embodiment, the step of processing the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell to obtain the characteristic value of the battery cell specifically includes:
obtaining rebound voltage and current battery charge state after each discharge, and establishing a relation between the rebound voltage and the battery charge state;
correcting the relation between the rebound voltage and the battery state of charge to obtain the relation between the rebound voltage after correction and the battery state of charge;
and obtaining the characteristic value of the battery core according to the relation between the rebound voltage and the battery charge state after correction.
In one embodiment, the relationship between the rebound voltage and the battery state of charge is a rebound voltage-battery state of charge relationship curve, the relationship between the modified rebound voltage and the battery state of charge is a modified rebound voltage-battery state of charge relationship curve, and the cell characteristic value includes a slope, an intercept and a correlation coefficient of the modified rebound voltage-battery state of charge relationship curve.
In one embodiment, the battery fault detection method further comprises processing a device provided with a battery pack including the battery cells when the battery cells fail.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a battery fault detection device, which comprises:
a charge control unit for charging the battery pack and controlling the intermittent short-time discharge of the battery pack during the charging process;
the acquisition unit is used for acquiring the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell;
the data processing unit is used for processing the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell to obtain a battery cell characteristic value; the method comprises the steps of,
and the fault diagnosis unit is used for identifying the battery cell characteristic value, judging whether the battery cell characteristic value is abnormal, and judging that the battery cell is faulty when the battery cell characteristic value is abnormal.
In one embodiment, the fault diagnosis unit determines whether the characteristic value of the battery cell is abnormal specifically: comparing the battery cell characteristic value with a standard battery cell characteristic value, and judging that the battery cell characteristic value is abnormal when the battery cell characteristic value is inconsistent with the standard battery cell characteristic value, wherein the standard battery cell characteristic value is the battery cell characteristic value when the battery cell is normal; or alternatively, the process may be performed,
the plurality of battery cells are arranged, and the acquisition unit is used for acquiring the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the plurality of battery cells; the data processing unit is used for processing the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the plurality of battery cells to obtain the battery cell characteristic values of the plurality of battery cells; the fault diagnosis unit judges whether the battery cell characteristic value has abnormality specifically comprises: comparing the cell characteristic values of the plurality of cells, and judging that the cell characteristic value of one or more cells is abnormal when the difference between the cell characteristic values of any two cells is larger than a preset value; or alternatively, the process may be performed,
the life cycle of the battery pack includes an initial use period and a middle and later use period, and the charging control unit is used for charging the battery pack at the initial use period and the middle and later use period of the battery pack and controlling the battery pack to be intermittently discharged for a short time during the charging process; the acquisition unit is used for acquiring the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell in the initial use period and the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell in the middle and later use period; the data processing unit is used for processing the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell in the initial use period and the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell in the middle and later use period to obtain an initial battery cell characteristic value and a current battery cell characteristic value of the battery cell; the fault diagnosis unit is used for comparing the current cell characteristic value with the initial cell characteristic value, judging that the current cell characteristic value is abnormal when the current cell characteristic value is inconsistent with the initial cell characteristic value, and judging that the cell is faulty when the current cell characteristic value is abnormal.
According to the battery fault detection method and the battery fault detection device, whether faults such as lithium precipitation and internal short circuit occur or not can be actively detected in real time in the charging process, the safety of the battery cell can be comprehensively protected, risks can be reduced to the minimum, the lithium precipitation and internal short circuit detection effectiveness is high, the sensitivity is high, meanwhile, the data processing is simple, the detection cost is low, a monitoring module or a part is not required to be additionally arranged, and the lithium precipitation condition of the battery cell can be improved by adding a discharging program in the charging process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a battery fault detection method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery step charge strategy.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the rebound voltage versus battery state of charge for a normal cell.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the rebound voltage and the battery state of charge of the lithium-ion battery cell.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a battery fault detection method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a battery fault detection method according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a battery fault detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to further describe the technical manner and efficacy of the present invention for achieving the intended purpose, the following detailed description of the embodiments, structures, features and efficacy of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, a flowchart of a battery fault detection method according to an embodiment of the invention is shown. In this embodiment, the battery fault detection method includes the steps of:
and S11, charging the battery pack, intermittently discharging the battery pack for a short time in the charging process, and acquiring charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell in the charging and discharging process. The charge-discharge characteristic parameters may include a battery state of charge (SOC) and a rebound voltage.
Specifically, the intermittent short-time discharging of the battery pack during the charging may be performed after charging to a set state of charge (SOC) of each battery, for example, after charging to 20%,30%,40%,50%,60%,70%,80% of the state of charge of the battery, respectively. It will be appreciated that the short-term discharge of the battery pack during charging may also be performed after the end of each step of charging, wherein charging at each different charging rate is performed as a one-step charging step. The current range of the discharge can be 1-500A, the time range of each discharge can be 100 ms-30 s, the discharge current is preferably 200A, and the discharge time is preferably 5s. In other embodiments, the battery pack may be intermittently discharged for a short time during the charging process, and may be discharged for every preset period of time. The time period of each discharge may be the same or different, and may be, for example, 5 minutes for each charge, 10 minutes for the first charge, 8 minutes for each charge, 6 minutes for each charge, and so on.
Specifically, in one embodiment, the step charge strategy may be as shown in fig. 2. In this step charge strategy, the larger the SOC value, the lower the charge rate, for example, the charge rate is 1.7C when the SOC is less than 30%, and the charge rate is 1.5C when the SOC is greater than 35% and less than 40%.
Specifically, parameters such as current, time, minimum voltage and maximum voltage in a charging process, minimum voltage and rebound voltage difference in a discharging process and the like of the battery core can be collected in the charging and discharging processes, and a battery state of charge (SOC) and rebound voltage can be obtained through calculation.
The calculation formula of the battery state of charge may be:
wherein I is current and Q is electric quantity. The voltage rebound usually occurs after the battery is discharged, the voltage after the rebound is a voltage rebound value, the voltage rebound value is usually the voltage after the battery is placed for a period of time after the battery is discharged, the voltage after the battery is discharged and before the battery is rebound is a discharge voltage, and the rebound voltage is theoretically the difference between the voltage rebound value and the discharge voltage. In this embodiment, the lowest voltage in the last charge stage is taken as the voltage rebound value, and the lowest voltage in the previous discharge stage is taken as the discharge voltage. The rebound voltage can be obtained by subtracting the lowest voltage of the previous discharge stage from the lowest voltage of the next charge stage, and the lowest voltage of the previous discharge stage can specifically collect the voltage at the end of the previous discharge stage, and the lowest voltage of the next charge stage can specifically collect the voltage at the beginning of the next charge stage.
S13, processing the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell to obtain a battery cell characteristic value.
Specifically, step S13 specifically includes the steps of:
s132, obtaining the rebound voltage and the current battery state of charge after each discharge, and establishing the relationship between the rebound voltage and the battery state of charge. In particular, a bounce voltage-battery state of charge relationship may be formed from the bounce voltage and the battery state of charge.
S134, correcting the relation between the rebound voltage and the battery state of charge to obtain the relation between the rebound voltage and the battery state of charge after correction, wherein the relation between the rebound voltage and the battery state of charge after correction can be a relation curve between the rebound voltage and the battery state of charge after correction. Specifically, the rebound voltage may be corrected according to a relationship between a battery state of charge (SOC) and a direct current impedance (DCR) and a relationship between a direct current impedance (DCR) and a battery state of health (SOH). For example, the value of the dc impedance is different according to the state of health of the battery, and the relationship between the dc impedance and the state of health of the battery can be measured in advance, so that the dc impedance in the current state of charge of the battery can be obtained according to the current state of health of the battery; in one cell, DCR is 0.43 when SOC is 30%, and the rebound voltage is V1 when SOC is 20%, and DCR is 0.4, and the modified rebound voltage v2=v1 (0.43/0.4) when SOC is 30%. In short, the present dc impedance can be obtained according to the relationship between the dc impedance (DCR) and the battery state of health (SOH), and then the rebound voltage under different battery states of charge (SOC) can be corrected according to the relationship between the battery state of charge (SOC) and the dc impedance (DCR).
S136, obtaining the characteristic value of the battery core according to the relation between the rebound voltage after correction and the state of charge of the battery. Specifically, the cell characteristic values include the slope, intercept, correlation coefficient, and the like of the modified rebound voltage-battery state of charge relationship curve.
And S15, identifying the battery cell characteristic value, judging whether the battery cell characteristic value is abnormal, and judging that the battery cell is in fault when the battery cell characteristic value is abnormal, wherein the conditions such as lithium precipitation, internal short circuit and the like occur. Specifically, the cell characteristic value may be compared with a standard cell characteristic value, and when the cell characteristic value is inconsistent with the standard cell characteristic value, it is determined that the cell characteristic value is abnormal. Specifically, the standard cell characteristic value may be obtained by pre-measurement, for example, a cell characteristic value of a normal, non-faulty cell that is the same as the measured cell may be measured as the standard cell characteristic value.
Please refer to fig. 3, which is a graph of rebound voltage versus battery state of charge when the battery cell is a normal battery cell, wherein L1 and L2 are unmodified and modified curves, respectively; please refer to fig. 4, which is a graph of rebound-battery state of charge relationship when the battery cell is a lithium-ion battery cell, wherein L3 and L4 are unmodified and modified curves, respectively. Therefore, the intercept of the corrected curve of the lithium-ion battery cell is obviously smaller than that of the corrected curve of the normal battery cell, so that whether lithium ion occurs can be judged according to the intercept. And for the internal short circuit cell, the internal short circuit degree of the cell is inconsistent due to inconsistent expansion of pole pieces charged to different SOCs in the charging process, which means that the influence of different SOCs on the voltage rebound difference of the cell is inconsistent, the rebound voltage difference of the internal short circuit cell and the linearity of the SOC fitting can be influenced, and whether the internal short circuit occurs can be judged according to the rebound voltage.
And S17, processing equipment provided with a battery pack comprising the battery cell when the battery cell fails. Specifically, when the device is processed, information push, offline inspection, etc. may be sent.
The battery fault detection method of the embodiment compares the battery cell characteristic value of the battery cell with the standard battery cell characteristic value, and it can be understood that the battery cell characteristic value of one battery cell can be compared with the standard battery cell characteristic value, and the battery cell characteristic values of a plurality of battery cells can be respectively compared with the standard battery cell characteristic value, so that the battery fault detection method of the embodiment can be used for detecting whether one battery cell has a fault or not, and can also be used for simultaneously detecting whether a plurality of battery cells have a fault or not.
The battery fault detection method can actively detect whether faults such as lithium precipitation and internal short circuit occur in real time in the charging process, comprehensively protect the safety of the battery cell, minimize risks, and have the advantages of high lithium precipitation and internal short circuit detection effectiveness, high sensitivity, simple data processing and low detection cost, and can improve the lithium precipitation condition of the battery cell by adding a discharging program in the charging process.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a battery fault detection method according to another embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 5, in another embodiment, the method for detecting battery failure can be used to detect the conditions of lithium precipitation and internal short circuit of a plurality of battery cells, and includes the following steps:
and S31, charging the battery pack, intermittently discharging the battery pack for a short time in the charging process, and acquiring charge and discharge characteristic parameters of a plurality of battery cells in the charging and discharging process. The charge-discharge characteristic parameters may include a battery state of charge (SOC) and a rebound voltage.
The method for obtaining the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell in step S31 may be the same as the method for obtaining the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell in step S11, and will not be described herein. The difference includes that the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the plurality of battery cells need to be obtained in step S31.
S33, processing the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the multiple battery cells to obtain battery cell characteristic values of the multiple battery cells.
The method for obtaining the battery cell characteristic value of the battery cell in step S33 may be the same as the method for obtaining the battery cell characteristic value of the battery cell in step S13, and will not be described herein. The difference includes that the cell characteristic values of a plurality of cells need to be obtained in step S33.
And S35, identifying the cell characteristic values of the plurality of cells, judging whether the cells with abnormal cell characteristic values exist, and judging that the one or more cells have faults when the cell characteristic values of the one or more cells are abnormal, such as lithium precipitation, internal short circuit and the like.
Specifically, in step S35, the cell characteristic values of the plurality of cells are compared, and when the difference between the cell characteristic values of any two cells is greater than a preset value, it is determined that one or more of the cell characteristic values of the cells are abnormal. It should be noted that, even if two identical normal cells are used, there is inevitably a certain difference in the cell characteristic value, and as long as the difference is within the normal error range, the cell characteristic value is still considered to be normal. For example, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the intercept of the rebound voltage-battery state of charge relationship curve of the normal cell is 1.84, the intercept of the rebound voltage-battery state of charge relationship curve of the abnormal cell is 1.61, and the difference 0.23,0.23 is out of the normal error range.
And S37, processing the equipment provided with the battery pack comprising the battery cell when the battery cell fails. Specifically, when the device is processed, information push, offline inspection, etc. may be sent.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a battery fault detection method according to another embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 5, in yet another embodiment, the battery fault detection method may be used to detect the conditions of lithium precipitation and internal short circuit of the same battery cell in the whole life cycle, where the whole life cycle of the battery cell includes an initial use period and a middle and late use period, and the battery fault detection method includes the following steps:
s51, the battery pack is charged in the initial use period of the battery pack, the battery pack is intermittently discharged for a short time in the charging process, and initial charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cells are obtained in the charging and discharging process.
The method for obtaining the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell in step S51 may be the same as the method for obtaining the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell in step S11, and will not be described herein. The difference includes that the battery pack is obtained in step S51 when the battery pack is in the initial stage of use.
S52, processing the initial charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell to obtain an initial battery cell characteristic value.
The method for obtaining the battery cell characteristic value of the battery cell in step S52 may be the same as the method for obtaining the battery cell characteristic value of the battery cell in step S13, and will not be described herein. The difference includes that the battery cell characteristic value obtained in the step S52 is the battery pack at the initial stage of use.
The initial cell characteristic value is a cell characteristic value at the initial stage of use, and the initial stage of use of the cell refers to the first charge and discharge time or the first several charge and discharge times of the cell, and at this time, the cell is used for a small number of times, and faults such as lithium precipitation, internal short circuit and the like are not generated generally, and the cell characteristic value at this time should be the initial cell characteristic value.
And S54, charging the battery pack at the middle and later periods of use of the battery pack, intermittently discharging the battery pack for a short time in the charging process, and acquiring the current charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell in the charge and discharge process.
The method for acquiring the current charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell in step S54 may be the same as the method for acquiring the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell in step S11, and will not be described herein.
S55, processing the current charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell to obtain the characteristic value of the current battery cell.
The method for obtaining the current cell characteristic value of the cell in step S55 may be the same as the method for obtaining the cell characteristic value of the cell in step S13, and will not be described herein.
S57, identifying the characteristic value of the current battery cell, judging whether the characteristic value of the current battery cell is abnormal, and judging that the battery cell fails when the characteristic value of the current battery cell is abnormal. Identifying the characteristic value of the battery cell, and judging whether the characteristic value of the battery cell is abnormal specifically comprises the following steps: comparing the current cell characteristic value with the initial cell characteristic value, judging whether the current cell characteristic value is consistent with the initial cell characteristic value, and when the current cell characteristic value is inconsistent with the initial cell characteristic value, indicating that the current cell characteristic value is abnormal, indicating that the current cell has faults such as lithium precipitation, internal short circuit and the like. It will be appreciated that the current cell characteristic value is consistent with the initial cell characteristic value, is not exactly equal, and may allow for a range of errors.
And S59, processing the equipment provided with the battery pack comprising the battery cell when the battery cell fails.
Through the embodiment, the battery pack can be detected almost in real time in the service period of the whole vehicle, the occurrence of lithium precipitation and internal short circuit is monitored, and the risk is reduced to the minimum.
It can be understood that, for the battery pack, the battery pack fault detection method of the embodiment shown in fig. 5 and the battery pack fault detection method of the embodiment shown in fig. 6 may be used to detect faults of the battery pack at the same time, so that the detection is more reliable, and the occurrence of faults such as lithium precipitation and internal short circuit can be timely distinguished.
Referring to fig. 7, the present invention further provides a battery fault detection device, which includes:
and a charge control unit 71 for charging the battery pack and controlling short-time discharge of the battery pack intermittently during the charging. Specifically, the intermittent short-time discharging of the battery pack during the charging process may be performed after charging to a set state of charge (SOC) of each battery, for example, after charging to 20%,30%,40%,50%,60%,70%,80% of the state of charge of the battery, respectively. It will be appreciated that the short-time discharge of the battery pack during the charging process may also be performed after the end of each step of charging, with the charging being performed at each different charging rate as a one-step charging step. The discharge current may range from 1 to 500A, the discharge time may range from 100ms to 30s, and the discharge current is preferably 200A, and the discharge time is preferably 5s. In other embodiments, the battery pack may be intermittently discharged for a short time during the charging process, and may be discharged for every preset period of time. The time period of each discharge may be the same or different, for example, a short time discharge is performed every 5 minutes of charging, or a discharge is performed 10 minutes after the first charging, a discharge is performed 8 minutes after the recharging, a discharge is performed 7 minutes after the charging, and so on.
Specifically, in one embodiment, the step charge strategy may be as shown in fig. 2. In this step charge strategy, the larger the SOC value, the lower the charge ratio, for example, the charge ratio is 1.7 when the SOC is less than 30%, and the charge ratio is 1.5 when the SOC is greater than 35% and less than 40%.
And the acquisition unit 73 is used for acquiring the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell. Specifically, parameters such as current, time, minimum voltage and maximum voltage in a charging process, minimum voltage in a discharging process, rebound voltage difference and the like of the battery core can be collected in the charging and discharging process, and the state of charge (SOC) and rebound voltage of the battery can be obtained through calculation.
The calculation formula of the battery state of charge may be:
wherein I is current and Q is electric quantity. The voltage rebound usually occurs after the battery is discharged, the voltage after the rebound is a voltage rebound value, the voltage rebound value is usually the voltage after the battery is placed for a period of time after the battery is discharged, the voltage after the battery is discharged and before the battery is rebound is a discharge voltage, and the rebound voltage is theoretically the difference between the voltage rebound value and the discharge voltage. In this embodiment, the lowest voltage in the last charge stage is taken as the voltage rebound value, and the lowest voltage in the previous discharge stage is taken as the discharge voltage. The rebound voltage can be obtained by subtracting the lowest voltage of the previous discharge stage from the lowest voltage of the next charge stage, and the lowest voltage of the previous discharge stage can be collected beforeThe voltage at the end of one discharge phase and the lowest voltage of the next charge phase may specifically be the voltage at the beginning of the next charge phase.
The data processing unit 75 is configured to process the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell to obtain a battery cell characteristic value. Specifically, the data processing unit 75 is configured to obtain a rebound voltage and a current battery state of charge after each discharge, and establish a relationship between the rebound voltage and the battery state of charge, and the data processing unit 75 is further configured to correct the relationship between the rebound voltage and the battery state of charge, obtain a relationship between the corrected rebound voltage and the battery state of charge, and obtain a characteristic value of the battery cell according to the relationship between the corrected rebound voltage and the battery state of charge.
Specifically, a rebound voltage-battery state of charge relationship curve, such as curve L1 in fig. 3, may be formed from the rebound voltage and the battery state of charge. Specifically, the relationship between the modified rebound voltage and the battery state of charge may be a modified rebound voltage-battery state of charge relationship curve, such as curve L2 in fig. 3. Specifically, the bounce voltage may be modified according to the SOC/DCR data and the DCR/SOH data. For example, in one cell, DCR is 0.43 when SOC is 30%, and the rebound voltage is V1, and DCR is 0.4 when SOC is 20%, and the modified rebound voltage v2=v1 (0.43/0.4) when SOC is 30%. The DCR is dc impedance, the SOH is a battery state of health, and the dc impedance value is different according to the battery state of health, so that the relationship between dc impedance and battery state of health can be measured in advance, and the dc impedance under different battery states of charge can be obtained according to different battery states of health. The cell characteristic values comprise the slope, intercept, correlation coefficient and the like of the modified rebound voltage-battery state of charge relation curve.
The fault diagnosis unit 77 is configured to identify the cell characteristic value, determine whether the cell characteristic value is abnormal, and determine that the cell is faulty when the cell characteristic value is abnormal, for example, when lithium precipitation or internal short circuit occurs. Specifically, the fault diagnosis unit 77 is further preset with a standard cell characteristic value, which is specifically configured to compare the cell characteristic value with the standard cell characteristic value, and determine that the cell characteristic value is abnormal when the cell characteristic value is inconsistent with the standard cell characteristic value. Specifically, the standard cell characteristic value may be obtained by pre-measurement, for example, a cell characteristic value of a normal, non-faulty cell that is the same as the measured cell may be measured as the standard cell characteristic value.
The control unit 79 is used for processing the equipment provided with the battery pack comprising the battery cell, such as sending information pushing, offline checking and the like.
The battery fault detection device of the embodiment can be used for detecting the conditions of lithium precipitation and internal short circuit of a plurality of battery cells. At this time, the collecting unit 73 is configured to collect the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of a plurality of different electric cells, the data processing unit 75 is configured to process the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the plurality of different electric cells, obtain electric cell characteristic values of the plurality of different electric cells, and the fault diagnosis unit 77 is configured to identify electric cell characteristic values of the plurality of electric cells, determine whether there is an abnormal electric cell of the electric cell characteristic values, and determine that one or more electric cell faults occur, for example, lithium precipitation or internal short circuit when the electric cell characteristic values of one or more electric cells are abnormal. Specifically, the fault diagnosis unit 77 is specifically configured to compare the cell characteristic values of a plurality of cells, and determine that one or more of the cell characteristic values of the cells are abnormal when the difference between the cell characteristic values of any two of the cells is greater than a preset value.
The battery fault detection device of the embodiment can also be used for detecting the conditions of lithium precipitation and internal short circuit of the same battery cell in the whole life cycle. The battery pack includes an initial stage of use and a middle-late stage of use. At this time, the collecting unit 73 is configured to obtain the charge-discharge characteristic parameter and the current charge-discharge characteristic parameter of the battery cell in the initial use period, the data processing unit 75 is configured to process the charge-discharge characteristic parameter and the current charge-discharge characteristic parameter of the battery cell in the initial use period, obtain an initial battery cell characteristic value and a current battery cell characteristic value of the battery cell, the fault diagnosis unit 77 is configured to compare the battery cell characteristic value with the initial battery cell characteristic value, determine that the battery cell characteristic value is abnormal when the battery cell characteristic value is inconsistent with the initial battery cell characteristic value, and determine that the battery cell fault such as lithium precipitation or internal short circuit occurs when the battery cell characteristic value is abnormal.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but is capable of modification and variation in all aspects, including those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A battery failure detection method, characterized by comprising:
charging the battery pack, intermittently discharging the battery pack for a plurality of times in a short time in the charging process, and acquiring charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery core in the charging and discharging process, wherein the charge state of the battery after the end of one charging stage after each short time discharging is larger than the charge state of the battery after the end of the previous one charging stage until the battery pack is charged to a preset electric quantity;
processing the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell to obtain a battery cell characteristic value;
identifying the battery cell characteristic value, judging whether the battery cell characteristic value is abnormal, and judging that the battery cell is in fault when the battery cell characteristic value is abnormal;
the step of processing the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell to obtain the characteristic value of the battery cell specifically comprises the following steps:
obtaining rebound voltage and current battery charge state after each discharge, and establishing a relation between the rebound voltage and the battery charge state; correcting the relation between the rebound voltage and the battery state of charge to obtain the relation between the rebound voltage after correction and the battery state of charge; obtaining the characteristic value of the battery core according to the relation between the rebound voltage and the battery state of charge after correction;
the relation between the rebound voltage and the battery state of charge is a rebound voltage-battery state of charge relation curve, the relation between the modified rebound voltage and the battery state of charge is a modified rebound voltage-battery state of charge relation curve, and the battery core characteristic value comprises the slope, intercept and correlation coefficient of the modified rebound voltage-battery state of charge relation curve.
2. The battery fault detection method according to claim 1, wherein the step of identifying the cell characteristic value and determining whether the cell characteristic value is abnormal is specifically: comparing the battery cell characteristic value with a standard battery cell characteristic value, and judging that the battery cell characteristic value is abnormal when the battery cell characteristic value is inconsistent with the standard battery cell characteristic value, wherein the standard battery cell characteristic value is the battery cell characteristic value when the battery cell is normal.
3. The battery fault detection method according to claim 1, wherein the number of the battery cells is plural, and the step of identifying the characteristic value of the battery cell and determining whether the characteristic value of the battery cell is abnormal specifically includes: comparing the cell characteristic values of the plurality of cells, and judging that one or more cell characteristic values of the cells are abnormal when the difference between the cell characteristic values of any two cells is larger than a preset value.
4. The method for detecting a battery failure according to claim 1, wherein the life cycle of the battery pack includes an initial stage of use and a middle-late stage of use,
the step of charging the battery pack, intermittently discharging the battery pack for a short time in the charging process, and acquiring the charging and discharging characteristic parameters of the battery cell in the charging and discharging process comprises the following steps: charging the battery pack at the initial use stage of the battery pack, intermittently discharging the battery pack for a short time in the charging process, and acquiring initial charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell in the charging and discharging process; charging the battery pack at the middle and later periods of use of the battery pack, intermittently discharging the battery pack for a short time in the charging process, and acquiring current charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell in the charging and discharging process;
the step of processing the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell to obtain a battery cell characteristic value comprises the following steps: processing the initial charge and discharge characteristic parameters and the current charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell to respectively obtain an initial battery cell characteristic value and a current battery cell characteristic value;
identifying the battery cell characteristic value, judging whether the battery cell characteristic value is abnormal, and when the battery cell characteristic value is abnormal, judging that the battery cell has a fault comprises the following steps: comparing the current cell characteristic value with the initial cell characteristic value, judging that the current cell characteristic value is abnormal when the current cell characteristic value is inconsistent with the initial cell characteristic value, and judging that the cell is faulty when the current cell characteristic value is abnormal.
5. The battery fault detection method according to claim 1, wherein intermittently discharging the battery pack for a short time during the charging process is specifically: discharging after charging to the set charge state of each battery; or discharging after the step charging is finished; alternatively, the discharge is performed every preset period of time.
6. The battery fault detection method of claim 1, further comprising processing a device in which a battery pack including the battery cells is installed when the battery cells fail.
7. A battery failure detection apparatus, characterized by comprising:
a charge control unit (71) for charging the battery pack and controlling the battery pack to be intermittently discharged for a plurality of times in a short time during the charging process, wherein the battery charge state after the end of one charging period after each of the short time discharges is larger than the battery charge state after the end of the previous one charging period until the battery pack is charged to a predetermined electric quantity;
the acquisition unit (73) is used for acquiring the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell;
the data processing unit (75) is used for processing the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell to obtain a battery cell characteristic value, and the data processing unit (75) is specifically used for acquiring the rebound voltage and the current battery state of charge after each discharge and establishing the relationship between the rebound voltage and the battery state of charge; correcting the relation between the rebound voltage and the battery state of charge to obtain the relation between the rebound voltage after correction and the battery state of charge; obtaining the characteristic value of the battery core according to the relation between the rebound voltage and the battery state of charge after correction; the relation between the rebound voltage and the battery state of charge is a rebound voltage-battery state of charge relation curve, the relation between the modified rebound voltage and the battery state of charge is a modified rebound voltage-battery state of charge relation curve, and the battery core characteristic value comprises the slope, intercept and correlation coefficient of the modified rebound voltage-battery state of charge relation curve; the method comprises the steps of,
and the fault diagnosis unit (77) is used for identifying the battery cell characteristic value, judging whether the battery cell characteristic value is abnormal, and judging that the battery cell is faulty when the battery cell characteristic value is abnormal.
8. The battery fault detection device according to claim 7, wherein the fault diagnosis unit (77) determines whether the cell characteristic value is abnormal specifically: comparing the battery cell characteristic value with a standard battery cell characteristic value, and judging that the battery cell characteristic value is abnormal when the battery cell characteristic value is inconsistent with the standard battery cell characteristic value, wherein the standard battery cell characteristic value is the battery cell characteristic value when the battery cell is normal; or alternatively, the process may be performed,
the battery cells are multiple, and the acquisition unit (73) is used for acquiring the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the multiple battery cells; the data processing unit (75) is used for processing the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the plurality of battery cells to obtain battery cell characteristic values of the plurality of battery cells; the fault diagnosis unit (77) judges whether the battery cell characteristic value has abnormality specifically includes: comparing the cell characteristic values of the plurality of cells, and judging that the cell characteristic value of one or more cells is abnormal when the difference between the cell characteristic values of any two cells is larger than a preset value; or alternatively, the process may be performed,
the life cycle of the battery pack includes an initial use period and a middle and late use period, and the charging control unit (71) is used for charging the battery pack at the initial use period and the middle and late use period of the battery pack and controlling the battery pack to be intermittently discharged for a short time during the charging process; the acquisition unit (73) is used for acquiring the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell in the initial use period and the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell in the middle and later use period; the data processing unit (75) is used for processing the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell in the initial use period and the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell in the middle and later use period to obtain an initial battery cell characteristic value and a current battery cell characteristic value of the battery cell; the fault diagnosis unit (77) is configured to compare the current cell characteristic value with the initial cell characteristic value, determine that the current cell characteristic value is abnormal when the current cell characteristic value is inconsistent with the initial cell characteristic value, and determine that the cell is faulty when the current cell characteristic value is abnormal.
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| CN116125298A (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-05-16 | 伏瓦科技(苏州)有限公司 | Battery fault detection method and device |
| CN116224091B (en) * | 2022-12-01 | 2024-02-02 | 伏瓦科技(苏州)有限公司 | Battery cell fault detection method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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