CN115682181A - Combined heat and power generation method for combined heat and cold supply - Google Patents
Combined heat and power generation method for combined heat and cold supply Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy utilization and application, and particularly relates to a combined heat and power generation method for combined cooling and heating. The central air-conditioning refrigeration system comprises a cooling tower arranged on a supply side and a central air-conditioning refrigeration system arranged on a demand side, wherein the central air-conditioning refrigeration system comprises a refrigeration unit, a water cooling tower and a fan coil on a user side, and an absorption refrigeration system is also arranged on the supply side.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy utilization and application, and particularly relates to a combined heat and power generation method for combined cooling and heating.
Background
In recent years, the acceleration of urbanization has led to a dramatic increase in the area of heat/cold supply in northern areas. In 2019, the central heating area of northern towns in China is about 116 hundred million square meters. Therefore, a large number of mature heat supply pipe network systems are arranged in northern areas, and the heat supply pipe networks supply heat to the outside in heating seasons, and certain resource waste is caused when the heat supply pipe networks are idle in non-heating seasons. Meanwhile, the demand of the air conditioning electric load is high in summer hot period of China, and the air conditioning electric load becomes one of the main reasons for continuously increasing peak load and peak-valley difference of a winter and summer power grid. In commercial buildings, the air-conditioning energy consumption accounts for up to 30-60% of the total energy consumption, wherein the power consumption of the mechanical natural ventilation cooling tower accounts for more than half of the total energy consumption of the air-conditioning. The power consumption mode causes great increase of load pressure of a power grid in summer and difficult peak regulation, and seriously threatens the safety and stability of the operation of the power grid.
In order to solve the technical problem, people adopt a cold and hot combined supply mode to achieve the purpose of utilizing a pipeline, the mode achieves the purpose of utilizing a mature heat supply pipe network to a certain extent, but the main water resource is provided in the aspect of a thermal power plant, a main refrigeration point is still on the demand side, a large amount of water vapor still has a waste condition, and therefore, the more reasonable distribution of the more effective energy of the thermal power plant is the currently important research direction.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problem of the energy utilization rate of the thermal power plant, the invention provides a combined heat and power generation method which is reasonable in design, simple in method, convenient to operate and capable of utilizing waste energy to a greater extent.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a combined heat and power generation method using combined heat and power, including a water cooling tower disposed on a supply side and a central air-conditioning refrigeration system disposed on a demand side, where the central air-conditioning refrigeration system includes a refrigeration unit, a water cooling tower and a fan coil on a user side, the supply side is further provided with an absorption refrigeration system, the absorption refrigeration system includes an evaporator, an absorber, a generator and a condenser, where a chilled water pipe of the evaporator is controlled by a valve to communicate with the refrigeration unit, the water cooling tower and the fan coil on the user side, the generator realizes the separation of an absorbent and water by the steam heating of a power plant, and the combined heat and power generation method includes the following steps:
a. firstly, determining the cold load of a building i in a cold supply pipe network and the total cold load of the whole cold supply pipe network;
b. then, the total cold load of the whole cold supply pipe network can be met when the maximum load of the absorption refrigeration system and the water cooling tower is judged according to a cold load formula, wherein the cold load formula is as follows:
Q l ＝Cp*q*Δt
wherein Q is l For the total cooling load of the cooling pipe network, cp is the specific heat capacity of water, q is the water supply flow in the cooling pipe network, and delta t is the supply-return water temperature difference of the whole cooling pipe network;
c. if the total cooling load of the whole cooling pipe network can be met when the absorption refrigeration system and the cooling tower are in maximum load, calculating the fan power consumption of the cooling tower, the water pump power consumption of the cooling tower and the cooling pump power consumption of the absorption refrigeration system, determining the control mode of the absorption refrigeration system and the cooling tower by taking the minimum total power consumption as an optimization target, and entering the step d if the total cooling load of the whole cooling pipe network can not be met when the absorption refrigeration system and the cooling tower are in maximum load;
d. according to the temperature of the frozen water in the cooling pipe network reaching the refrigerating unit and whether the requirement of the refrigerating unit on the cold load of the building is met under the condition of the lowest power consumption, if the requirement is met, a valve between the frozen water pipe and the refrigerating unit is opened, the valve between the frozen water pipe and the water cooling tower and a valve of a fan coil at a user side are closed, if the requirement is not met, the optimal control target of the central air-conditioning refrigerating system is calculated, and whether the water cooling tower needs to be opened and the number of the water cooling towers needs to be opened is judged.
Preferably, in the step c, the power consumption model of the fan of the water cooling tower is as follows:
P cool to room ＝c 0 +c 1 p Cool and solid food p Cool to room +c 2 p Cool and solid food 2 p Cool down 2
Wherein, c 0 ,c 1 ,c 2 For the performance system of the cooling tower fan, p Cool to room Is the operating frequency, p, of the cooling water and air-cooling machine Cool and solid food Is the rated air mass flow of the fan of the water cooling tower.
Preferably, in the step c, the functional model of the water pump of the water cooling tower is as follows:
P cool water ＝a 0 p Cold water +a 1 p Cool and solid water +a 2 p Cold solid water 2 +a 3 p Cool and solid water 3
Wherein, a 0 ,a 1 ,a 2 ,a 3 Performance system for water pump of cooling tower, p Cool water Rated power, p, of a cold water pump Cool and solid water The actual power of the water pump of the water cooling tower.
Preferably, in the step c, the power consumption model of the cooling pump of the absorption refrigeration system is as follows:
P suction device ＝b 0 p Suction device +b 1 p Suction compaction +b 2 p Suction compaction 2 +b 3 p Suction compaction 3
Wherein, b 0 ,b 1 ,b 2 ,b 3 Performance System, p, for absorption refrigeration System Cooling pumps Suction device Rated power, p, of the cooling pump of an absorption refrigeration system Suction compaction The actual power of the pump is cooled for the absorption refrigeration system.
Preferably, in the step c, the return water temperature of the chilled water and the total cooling load of the cooling pipe network are used as input, linear regression learning is carried out on the power consumption of the fan of the cooling tower, the power consumption of the water pump of the cooling tower and the power consumption of the cooling pump of the absorption refrigeration system, and the optimal number of the fans of the cooling tower, the water pumps of the cooling tower and the cooling pumps is obtained.
Preferably, in the step d, whether the refrigerator unit meets the requirement of the cold load of the building under the condition of the lowest power consumption or not is judged under the constraint condition by using a power consumption model of the refrigerator unit according to the following conditions that a valve between a freezing water pipe and the refrigerator unit is opened, and the valve between the freezing water pipe and a water cooling tower and a valve of a fan coil at a user side are closed, wherein the power consumption model of the refrigerator unit is as follows:
wherein d is 0 ,d 1 ,d 2 ,d 3 ,d 4 ,d 5 For the coefficient of performance of the refrigerating unit, PLR is the partial load factor of the refrigerating unit, Q 0 For rated power of refrigerating units, T Frozen food The temperature of the chilled water provided to the chilled water lines.
Preferably, in the step d, the constraint conditions of the power consumption model of the refrigeration unit are as follows:
0＜PLR＜1。
compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that,
1. the invention provides a combined heat and power generation method for combined cooling and heating, which effectively utilizes water vapor to realize cooling of water supply while utilizing a heat supply pipe network so as to achieve the purpose of saving energy, and meanwhile, the invention realizes that the energy consumption is nearest under the condition of meeting the cooling load through different control strategies so as to achieve the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive labor.
Fig. 1 is a system diagram of combined cooling and heating provided in embodiment 1;
in the above figures, 1, a water cooling tower; 2. an absorption refrigeration system; 21. an evaporator; 22. an absorber; 23. a generator; 24. a condenser; 25. a freezing water pipe; 26. a freezing water return pipe; 27. a cooling water pipe; 3. a central air conditioning refrigeration system; 31. a refrigeration unit; 32. a water cooling tower; 33. a water separator; 34. a fan coil at the user side; 35. a water collector.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein and, therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed in the following description.
Since various energy utilization is involved, the system is firstly modified, and for this purpose, the system includes a water cooling tower 1 disposed on the supply side and a central air-conditioning and refrigerating system 3 disposed on the demand side, which is referred to as a commercial building or a residential building with a central air-conditioning, and the common structure of the central air-conditioning and refrigerating system 3 includes a refrigerating unit 31, a water cooling tower 32, and a fan coil 34, a water collector 35 and a water separator 33 on the user side, and the important improvement of the embodiment is that an absorption refrigerating system 2 is further disposed on the supply side, and the absorption refrigerating system 2 operates on the principle that a refrigerant liquid is evaporated while absorbing the formed vapor in an evaporator 21, and after that the absorbent absorbing the refrigerant vapor is pumped from a solution to a generator 23, heated in the generator 23, and separated from the refrigerant vapor, which is condensed into a liquid in a condenser 24, and then throttled to enter the evaporator 21. To this end, the absorption refrigeration system 2 includes an evaporator 21, an absorber 22, a generator 23, and a condenser 24. In this embodiment, unlike the conventional water cooling tower 1 having only the cooling water pipe 27, in this embodiment, the water cooling tower 1 also supplies water for the freezing water pipe 25, so that the water of the freezing water return pipe 26 is cooled by the water cooling tower 1 and then enters the evaporator 21 to be cooled, thereby making the temperature of the water in the freezing water pipe 25 lower.
The freezing water pipe 25 of the evaporator 21 of the absorption refrigeration system 2 is respectively communicated with the refrigeration unit 31, the water cooling tower 32 and the fan coil 34 on the user side through valve control, in this embodiment, the communication of the fan coil 34 on the user side means that other equipment of the refrigeration unit 31 does not work, the chilled water only exchanges heat with the evaporator 21, the heat is directly absorbed, and the refrigeration unit 31 does not need to exchange heat after being used for treating the chilled water.
In order to achieve the purpose of utilizing the water vapor, the generator 23 realizes the separation of the absorbent and the water through the water vapor heating of the power plant, thus the problem of combustion heating of the evaporator 21 in the absorption refrigeration system 2 is solved, and the water vapor abandoned in summer is directly used as a heat source for heating, thereby achieving the purpose of saving energy.
The specific co-production method comprises the following steps:
the cooling load of the building i in the cooling network and the total cooling load of the entire cooling network are first determined. There are n buildings in the whole cooling network, the cooling loads of different buildings are different, for this reason, the cooling loads and the total cooling load of different buildings need to be calculated, there are many existing cooling load calculation methods, including a thermal balance method, a cooling load coefficient method, a radiation time series method, etc., where the cooling load coefficient method is often used as a load calculation method recommended by domestic regulations or standards. For this reason, in the present embodiment, detailed description is not given.
Then can satisfy the total cold load of whole cooling pipe network when judging absorption refrigeration system 2 and cooling tower 1 maximum load according to the cold load formula, wherein, the cold load formula is:
Q l ＝Cp*q*Δt
wherein Q l For the total cooling load of the cooling pipe network, cp is the specific heat capacity of water, q is the water supply flow in the cooling pipe network, and delta t is the supply-return water temperature difference of the whole cooling pipe network.
The main purpose of judging whether the requirement is met is to determine which valve of the freezing water pipe 25 is opened, and the valve is directly communicated with the refrigerating unit 31 of the central air-conditioning refrigerating system 3, or communicated with the cooling tower, or directly communicated with the evaporator 21 of the central air-conditioning refrigerating system 3, if the freezing water meets the heat exchange condition, the refrigerating unit 31 can be started, and the energy consumption of the demand side is directly reduced.
Therefore, if the total cooling load of the whole cooling pipe network can be met when the absorption type refrigeration system 2 and the cooling tower 1 are in the maximum load, the total cooling load of the whole cooling pipe network can be met, the fan power consumption of the cooling tower 1, the water pump power consumption of the cooling tower 1 and the cooling pump power consumption of the absorption type refrigeration system 2 are calculated, the total power consumption is the minimum as the optimization target, the control mode of the absorption type refrigeration system 2 and the cooling tower 1 is determined, and due to the fact that energy is consumed at a thermal power plant, the absorption type refrigeration system 2 and the cooling tower 1 can be optimally controlled under the condition of the met cooling load, and the purpose of energy saving is achieved.
In this embodiment, consider that current fan is mostly the frequency conversion fan, for this reason, 1 fan power consumption model of cooling tower is:
P cool down ＝c 0 +c 1 p Cool and solid food p Cool down +c 2 p Cool and solid food 2 p Cool down 2
Wherein, c 0 ,c 1 ,c 2 Performance system for fan of cooling tower 1, p Cool down Is the operating frequency, p, of the cooling water and air-cooling machine Cool and solid food Is the rated air mass flow of the fan of the water cooling tower 1.
And 1 water pump functional model of cooling tower and 2 cooling pump power consumption models of absorption refrigerating system then adopt cubic polynomial model, improve the precision of model, for this, 1 water pump functional model of cooling tower is:
P cold water ＝a 0 p Cool water +a 1 p Cool and solid water +a 2 p Cold solid water 2 +a 3 p Cool and solid water 3
Wherein, a 0 ,a 1 ,a 2 ,a 3 Performance system for water pump of cooling tower 1, p Cold water Is rated power of a cold water and cold water pump, p Cool and solid water The actual power of the water pump of the water cooling tower 1.
The power consumption model of the cooling pump of the absorption refrigeration system 2 is as follows:
P suction device ＝b 0 p Suction device +b 1 p Suction compaction +b 2 p Suction compaction 2 +b 3 p Suction compaction 3
Wherein, b 0 ,b 1 ,b 2 ,b 3 Performance System of a Cooling Pump for an absorption refrigeration System 2, p Suction device Rated power, p, of the cooling pump for the absorption refrigeration system 2 Suction compaction The actual power of the pump is cooled for the absorption refrigeration system 2.
And then, taking the return water temperature of the chilled water and the total cooling load of a cooling supply pipe network as input, and performing linear regression learning on the power consumption of the fan of the water cooling tower 1, the power consumption of the water pump of the water cooling tower 1 and the power consumption of the cooling pump of the absorption refrigeration system 2 to obtain the optimal number of the fans of the water cooling tower 1, the water pumps of the water cooling tower 1 and the optimal number of the cooling pumps which are started.
Specifically, since the energy consumption of the generator 23 for absorbing water vapor is not considered, for this reason, the cooling pump power consumption of the absorption refrigeration system 2 is the energy consumption of the whole absorption refrigeration system 2, and then, according to the formula:
wherein, P T The total power consumption of the cooling tower 1 and the absorption refrigeration system 2, h is the total number of the fans of the cooling tower 1, m is the total number of the water pumps of the cooling tower 1, and n is the total number of the cooling pumps of the absorption refrigeration system 2. Then, according to the cold load formula:
Q l ＝Cp*q*Δt
and (3) taking the return water temperature of the chilled water and the total cooling load of the cooling pipe network as input, and performing linear regression learning on the relation among the fan of the cooling tower 1, the water pump of the cooling tower 1, the absorption refrigeration system 2 and the return water temperature of the chilled water to obtain the optimal starting numbers of the fan of the cooling tower 1, the water pump of the cooling tower 1 and the cooling pump. At this time, the energy consumption of the central air conditioning refrigeration system 3 is saved in a direct heat exchange state of the chilled water, and the lowest consumption state is reached, and at this time, the condition is that the weather is not hot and the air conditioner is started at the beginning under the general condition.
If the total cooling load of the whole cooling pipe network can not satisfy the total cooling load of the whole cooling pipe network when the absorption type refrigerating system 2 and the cooling tower 1 have the maximum load, it is necessary to judge whether the whole central air conditioning refrigerating system 3 works or only the refrigerating unit 31 works, because the different temperatures entering the refrigerating unit 31 are different, the energy consumption of the refrigerating unit 31 is also different, the lower the temperature is, and the lower the energy consumption of the refrigerating unit 31 is.
Therefore, according to the temperature of the frozen water in the cooling pipe network reaching the refrigerating unit 31 and whether the requirement of the cooling load of the building is met or not under the condition of the lowest power consumption of the refrigerating unit 31, if the requirement is met, a valve between the frozen water pipe 25 and the refrigerating unit 31 is opened, valves between the frozen water pipe 25 and the water cooling tower 32 and a valve of a fan coil 34 on a user side are closed, if the requirement is not met, an optimal control target of the central air-conditioning refrigerating system 3 is calculated, and whether the water cooling tower 32 needs to be opened or not and the number of the water cooling towers 32 needs to be opened or not are judged.
Specifically, it is determined under the constraint condition according to a power consumption model of the refrigeration unit 31 whether the refrigeration unit 31 meets the requirement of the cooling load of the building under the condition of the lowest power consumption when the valve between the freezing water pipe 25 and the refrigeration unit 31 is opened, and the valves of the freezing water pipe 25, the water cooling tower 32 and the fan coil 34 on the user side are closed, wherein the power consumption model of the refrigeration unit 31 is as follows:
wherein d is 0 ,d 1 ,d 2 ,d 3 ,d 4 ,d 5 For the coefficient of performance of the refrigeration unit 31, PLR is the fractional load rate, Q, of the refrigeration unit 31 0 Rated power, T, of the refrigerating unit 31 Frozen food The temperature of the chilled water supplied to the chilled water line 25.
The constraints of the power consumption model of the refrigeration unit 31 are:
0＜PLR＜1。
thus, the water can be directly supplied to the refrigerating unit 31 under the condition of meeting the lowest power consumption, and if the temperature of the supplied chilled water cannot meet the lowest power consumption, the opening number of the cooling towers is determined by adopting the conventional power consumption calculation mode.
At present, the existing power consumption calculation method can be optimized and controlled by an artificial bee colony algorithm or a hybrid genetic simulated annealing algorithm, which is a common technique and also belongs to the control scheme mentioned in the background art, and therefore, in this embodiment, detailed description is omitted.
Through the arrangement, the water vapor of the waste gas and the advantages of the large-scale cooling tower 1 of the thermal power plant are utilized to cool, the characteristic of low energy consumption of a heat supply pipeline in design is fully considered, the resources of the effective time are utilized to the maximum extent, and the purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention in other forms, and any person skilled in the art may apply the above modifications or changes to the equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, and any simple modification, equivalent change and change made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A combined heat and power generation method for combined heat and cold supply comprises a cooling tower arranged on a supply side and a central air-conditioning refrigeration system arranged on a demand side, wherein the central air-conditioning refrigeration system comprises a refrigeration unit, a water cooling tower and a fan coil on a user side, and is characterized in that the supply side is also provided with an absorption refrigeration system, the absorption refrigeration system comprises an evaporator, an absorber, a generator and a condenser, a freezing water pipe of the evaporator is respectively communicated with the refrigeration unit, the water cooling tower and the fan coil on the user side through valve control, the generator realizes absorbent and water separation through water vapor heating of a power plant, return water of the freezing water pipe of the evaporator and return water of the absorption refrigeration system are communicated with the cooling tower, and the combined heat and power generation method comprises the following steps:
a. firstly, determining the cold load of a building i in a cold supply pipe network and the total cold load of the whole cold supply pipe network;
b. then, the total cold load of the whole cold supply pipe network can be met when the maximum load of the absorption refrigeration system and the water cooling tower is judged according to a cold load formula, wherein the cold load formula is as follows:
Q l ＝Cp*q*Δt
wherein Q is l For the total cooling load of the cooling pipe network, cp is the specific heat capacity of water, q is the water supply flow in the cooling pipe network, and delta t is the supply-return water temperature difference of the whole cooling pipe network;
c. if the total cooling load of the whole cooling pipe network can be met when the absorption type refrigeration system and the cooling tower are in the maximum load, the total cooling load of the whole cooling pipe network can be met, calculating the fan power consumption of the cooling tower, the water pump power consumption of the cooling tower and the cooling pump power consumption of the absorption type refrigeration system, determining the control mode of the absorption type refrigeration system and the cooling tower by taking the minimum total power consumption as an optimization target, and entering the step d if the total cooling load of the whole cooling pipe network can be met when the absorption type refrigeration system and the cooling tower are in the maximum load;
d. according to the temperature of the frozen water in the cooling pipe network reaching the refrigerating unit and whether the requirement of the refrigerating unit on the cold load of the building is met under the condition of the lowest power consumption, if the requirement is met, a valve between the frozen water pipe and the refrigerating unit is opened, the valve between the frozen water pipe and the water cooling tower and a valve of a fan coil at a user side are closed, if the requirement is not met, the optimal control target of the central air-conditioning refrigerating system is calculated, and whether the water cooling tower needs to be opened and the number of the water cooling towers needs to be opened is judged.
2. A combined heat and power generation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step c, a power consumption model of a cooling tower fan is as follows:
P cool down ＝c 0 +c 1 p Cool and solid food p Cool down +c 2 p Cool and solid food 2 p Cool to room 2
Wherein, c 0 ,c 1 ,c 2 Performance system for cooling tower fans, p Cool to room Is the running frequency, p, of the cooling water and cooling fan Cool and solid food Is the rated air mass flow of the fan of the water cooling tower.
3. A combined heat and power generation method according to claim 2, wherein in the step c, a water pump function model of the cooling tower is as follows:
wherein, a 0 ,a 1 ,a 2 ,a 3 Performance system for water pumps of cooling towers, p Cold water For a coolRated power, p, of water-cooled pumps Cool and solid water The actual power of the water pump of the water cooling tower.
4. A combined heat and power generation method according to claim 3, wherein in the step c, the absorption refrigeration system cooling pump power consumption model is as follows:
P suction device ＝b 0 p Suction device +b 1 p Suction compaction +b 2 p Suction compaction 2 +b 3 p Suction compaction 3
Wherein, b 0 ,b 1 ,b 2 ,b 3 Performance System, p, for absorption refrigeration System Cooling pumps Suction device Rated power, p, of the cooling pump of an absorption refrigeration system Suction compaction The actual power of the pump is cooled for the absorption refrigeration system.
5. A combined heat and power generation method according to claim 4, wherein in the step c, the return water temperature of the chilled water and the total cooling load of the cooling pipe network are used as input, and linear regression learning is performed on the power consumption of the cooling tower fan, the power consumption of the cooling tower water pump and the power consumption of the absorption refrigeration system cooling pump, so as to obtain the optimal number of the cooling tower fans, the cooling tower water pumps and the cooling pumps.
6. A combined heat and power generation method according to claim 1 or 5, wherein in the step d, it is determined whether the refrigerator unit meets the requirement of the cold load of the building under the condition of the lowest power consumption under the condition that a valve between a chilled water pipe and the refrigerator unit is opened, and a valve between the chilled water pipe and a water cooling tower and a valve of a fan coil at a user side are closed according to a power consumption model of the refrigerator unit under a constraint condition, wherein the power consumption model of the refrigerator unit is as follows:
wherein d is 0 ,d 1 ,d 2 ,d 3 ,d 4 ,d 5 For the coefficient of performance of the refrigerating unit, PLR is the partial load factor of the refrigerating unit, Q 0 For rated power of refrigerating units, T Frozen food The temperature of the chilled water provided to the chilled water line.
7. A combined heat and power generation method according to claim 6, wherein in the step d, the constraints of the power consumption model of the refrigeration unit are as follows:
0＜PLR＜1。
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