CN115681034A - Modular air damping structure gravity energy storage system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a modular air damping structure gravity energy storage system which comprises a plurality of gravity energy storage modules, wherein each gravity energy storage module comprises a cylindrical structure body, a weight block and a lifting power generation device, a lifting channel which is vertically arranged is arranged in the cylindrical structure body, the lifting power generation device is arranged above the lifting channel, and the lifting power generation device drives the weight block to lift in the lifting channel through a cable and a pulley assembly; a narrow gap is formed between the heavy block and the inner wall of the lifting channel, an air channel which is communicated up and down is formed on the heavy block, and an air valve for opening or closing the air channel is arranged in the air channel; when the descending speed of the weight is higher than a set value, the air channel is closed, air below the weight is compressed, and air damping is formed on the weight in the lifting channel, so that the impact force of the weight descending quickly is relieved, destructive impact on the main structure of the system is avoided, and potential safety hazards of the gravity energy storage system are eliminated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solid gravity energy storage, in particular to a gravity energy storage system with a modularized air damping structure.
Background
In recent years, new energy has been developed for a long time. The new energy power generation generally has the problems of randomness, intermittence and fluctuation, and needs to be adjusted by means of an energy storage technology, and a power grid also needs large-scale peak clipping and valley filling urgently, so that the efficiency of a power system is improved, and the development of energy storage is an important part of energy transformation. The conventional energy storage modes comprise pumped storage, chemical battery energy storage, flywheel energy storage, capacitor energy storage, superconducting energy storage and the like, and the conventional energy storage modes have certain pain points, too large investment, too long construction period, too scarce resources, too high technical requirements, too large scale, too large loss or too high risk.
In recent years, gravity energy storage has gradually attracted attention in the field of energy storage technology and has been applied to some extent. The existing gravity energy storage technology can be divided into a suspension type, a novel water pumping energy storage technology and an inclined type, for example, a scheme of stacking concrete blocks into a tower by using a crane is adopted, and energy storage and energy release are carried out by using the lifting and falling of the blocks. However, the crane hoisting block needs a mechanical gripper with high load and high precision, so that the manufacturing difficulty is high, the problems that the cable rope is difficult to position due to shaking, the tower stability is low and the like exist, and the scheme has the defects that the operation space required by the crane hoisting block is large, the requirements on terrain, floor area, weather conditions and the like are high, the scale is not easy to expand, and the global popularization is not easy; in addition, the energy density of the gravity energy storage is low, the weight of about 3.7 tons can be lifted by 100 meters to store electricity by 1 degree, if the scale of the energy storage needs to be enlarged, the weight is increased or the height is increased, but the disaster caused by the fact that weights of tens of tons or even thousands of tons accidentally fall off from the high altitude of hundreds of meters due to human or natural factors is very large, and the popularization and the application of the solid gravity energy storage are limited due to the reasons.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a modular air damping structure gravity energy storage system, which can solve at least one of the above problems to some extent.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a modular air damping structure gravity energy storage system comprises a plurality of gravity energy storage modules, wherein each gravity energy storage module comprises a cylindrical structure, a weight block and a lifting power generation device, a lifting channel is vertically arranged in the cylindrical structure, the lifting power generation device is arranged above the lifting channel, and the lifting power generation device drives the weight block to lift in the lifting channel through a cable and a pulley assembly; a narrow gap is formed between the heavy block and the inner wall of the lifting channel, an air channel which is communicated up and down is formed on the heavy block, and an air valve for opening or closing the air channel is arranged in the air channel; when the weight block is accelerated and descended and the speed is higher than the set value, the air passage is closed, air below the weight block is compressed, air above the weight block is pumped, air pressure difference is generated, and air damping is formed on the weight block in the lifting channel.
As a further alternative of the modular air damping structure gravity energy storage system, the lifting power generation devices are provided with a plurality of groups, and the plurality of groups of lifting power generation devices are circumferentially and equidistantly distributed above the lifting channel; the lifting power generation device comprises a lifting machine and a power generator, and the lifting machine and the power generator are integrated or split.
As a further alternative of the modular air damping structure gravity energy storage system, the vent valve comprises a mounting bracket arranged in the air duct, a slide rod is connected on the mounting bracket in a sliding manner, one end of the slide rod is connected with a baffle plate for opening or closing the lower end of the air duct, and a tension spring is arranged between the baffle plate and the mounting bracket; under the normal state, the baffle and the sliding rod resist the tension of the tension spring under the action of gravity, so that the lower end of the air duct is opened; when the weight block is accelerated to descend and the speed is greater than a set value, the baffle is driven by the tension spring and the air pressure difference between the upper side and the lower side of the air duct to block the lower end of the air duct.
As a further alternative of the modular air damping structure gravity energy storage system, the tension spring is sleeved on the sliding rod, one end of the tension spring is connected with the mounting bracket, and the other end of the tension spring is connected with the baffle.
As a further alternative of the modular air damping structure gravity energy storage system, a water-resisting and air-isolating layer is arranged at the bottom of the lifting channel.
As a further alternative of the modular air damping structure gravity energy storage system, an impact dissipation layer is further arranged in the lifting channel and is positioned above the water-resisting and air-isolating layer, and the impact dissipation layer is formed by liquid or solid particles; the bottom of the weight is provided with a latticed impact part.
As a further alternative of the modular air damping structure gravity energy storage system, the impact dissipation layer is made of sand or/and crushed stones.
As a further alternative of the modular air damping structure gravity energy storage system, a plurality of groups of guide wheels are arranged on the periphery of the weight block and are distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, and the guide wheels are in rolling contact with the inner wall of the lifting channel.
As a further alternative of the modular air damping structure gravity energy storage system, the cylindrical structure is of a reinforced concrete structure, and the weight is of a reinforced concrete structure or a steel structure.
As a further alternative of the modular air damping structure gravity energy storage system, a top cover is arranged at the upper end of the lifting channel, a through hole for the cable to pass in and out is formed in the top cover, the air pressure difference between the upper part and the lower part of the weight is increased when the weight accidentally drops, and the dropping speed of the weight is further reduced.
As a further alternative of the modular air damping structure gravity energy storage system, the gravity energy storage module can be provided with a plurality of modules, and the cylindrical structures of the gravity energy storage modules abut against each other to form a multi-module array distribution.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. each gravity energy storage module can form an air damping structure, even if the worst case (all cables are disconnected due to strong earthquake and the like) is met, the weight block falls accidentally, when the weight block descends in an accelerated manner and the speed is higher than a set value, the air passage is closed, air below the weight block is compressed, air above the weight block is sucked, air pressure difference is generated, air damping is formed on the weight block in the lifting channel, the weight block is prevented from descending too fast, excessive impact force formed by the weight block is relieved, destructive impact on a main body structure of the system is avoided, and safety hidden danger of solid gravity energy storage is eliminated fundamentally;
2. the gravity energy storage module is simple in structure and can be formed by a simple and mature reinforced concrete structure and simple and mature mechanical equipment, and the service life of the whole system can reach 100 years or more under the operating conditions that the lifting channel is relatively sealed, the weight is slow and no impact exists; the gravity energy storage system is formed by the gravity energy storage modules, so that the scale is easy to expand, and the system is easy to popularize; the method comprises the following steps of carrying out modularized construction on the power energy storage system, and putting the power energy storage system far lower than energy storage systems of other modes; the gravity energy storage system is not dependent on water, terrain and high technical barrier, does not consume any scarce resource, is not afraid of wind, sunshine and rain, is not afraid of severe cold of a summer, does not discharge carbon, does not produce any pollution, and therefore, the gravity energy storage system has the advantages of no availability, sustainability and safety compared with the prior art, and is very friendly to the environment and resources.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a modular air damping structure gravity energy storage system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the lifting power generation device pulling the weight;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the bottom of the weight;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the venting shutter;
fig. 5 is a distribution diagram of a plurality of gravity energy storage modules.
In the figure: 100. a gravity energy storage module; 1. a cylindrical structure; 11. a lifting channel; 12. a water-proof gas-isolation layer; 13. an impact dissipation layer; 14. supporting a foundation; 2. a weight block; 21. an air duct; 22. a ventilation valve; 221. mounting a bracket; 222. a slide bar; 223. a baffle plate; 224. a tension spring; 23. a grid-shaped impact portion; 24. a guide wheel; 3. lifting the power generation device; 31. a cable.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as being permanently connected, detachably connected, or integral; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be connected through the use of two elements or the interaction of two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, a modular air damping structure gravity energy storage system is shown, which includes a plurality of gravity energy storage modules 100, where the gravity energy storage modules 100 include a cylindrical structure 1, a weight 2, and a lifting power generation device 3, a lifting channel 11 is vertically arranged inside the cylindrical structure 1, the lifting power generation device 3 is arranged above the lifting channel 11, and the lifting power generation device 3 drives the weight 2 to lift in the lifting channel 11 through a cable 31 and a pulley assembly; a narrow gap is formed between the weight 2 and the inner wall of the lifting channel 11, an air channel 21 which is through up and down is formed on the weight 2, and an air valve 22 for opening or closing the air channel 21 is arranged in the air channel 21; when the weight 2 is accelerated and descended and the speed is higher than the set value, the air channel 21 is closed, the air below the weight 2 is compressed, the air above the weight 2 is sucked, an air pressure difference is generated, and air damping is formed on the weight 2 in the lifting channel 11.
In other words, energy storage can be realized by lifting the weight 2 through the lifting power generation device 3, and energy release can be realized when the weight 2 descends under the action of gravity to drive the generator; in a normal state, the speed of the weight 2 when the weight 2 is lifted is within a certain range, the ventilation valve 22 is kept in an open state, and air above and below the weight 2 can be circulated through the ventilation channel 21; when the cable 31 is disconnected due to an accident, the weight 2 falls off, when the weight 2 is accelerated and descended and the speed is greater than a set range, the ventilation valve 22 seals the ventilation channel 21, and when the narrow gap between the weight 2 and the lifting channel 11 is small enough, the air below the weight 2 is compressed, the air above the weight 2 is sucked, an air pressure difference is generated, the weight 2 is subjected to air damping in the lifting channel, so that the lifting effect on the weight 2 is generated, the weight 2 is prevented from descending too fast, excessive impact force formed by the weight 2 is relieved, and the potential safety hazard of the gravity energy storage system with the modular air damping structure is fundamentally eliminated.
Preferably, the lifting power generation devices 3 are provided with a plurality of groups, and the plurality of groups of lifting power generation devices 3 are equidistantly distributed above the lifting channel 11 along the circumferential direction; the lifting power generation device 3 comprises a lifting machine and a power generator, the lifting machine and the power generator are integrated or split, wherein the lifting power generation device 3 is provided with a locking mechanism, so that the weight 2 can be locked at a certain height without loss. Preferably, the cylindrical structure 1 is a reinforced concrete structure. Thus, the gravity energy storage module 100 has a simple structure, and is only composed of a simple and mature reinforced concrete structure and simple and mature mechanical equipment; the upper end of the lifting channel 11 is closed, so that the lifting power generation device 3 and the weight 2 work under the relatively sealed, slow and impact-free running condition, and the service life of the whole system can reach 100 years; meanwhile, the operation and maintenance work of the system is simple, the workload is less, and therefore the operation and maintenance cost of the system is extremely low. The energy conversion efficiency of the gravity energy storage system basically depends on the efficiencies of a hoister and a generator, and the efficiencies of the hoister and the generator in power machinery are the highest and can reach more than 97 percent, so the energy comprehensive conversion efficiency of the gravity energy storage system can reach 90 to 95 percent.
Preferably, the number and power of the hoisting power generation devices 3 should be redundancy configuration, for example, if one weight 2 is ten thousand tons, 12 hoists with 1200 tons are configured, so as to enhance the reliability of the system and ensure that the weight 2 does not fall down due to cable breakage caused by failure of one or two hoists.
Preferably, the number and power of the lifting power generation devices 3 should be configured redundantly, and when one or two lifting power generators or cables are in failure or even broken, the rest lifting power generation devices 3 can be quickly switched to a power generation mode to provide electromagnetic braking torque for the weight 2, so as to prevent the weight 2 from falling out of control.
In a gravity energy storage module 100, the weight 2 is a cylinder filled with concrete, sand, stone and soil and the like, the weight 2 has an outer diameter of 12 meters and a height of 30 meters, and the weight 2 has a weight of about 8480 tons, and the weight 2 can store electricity of 2300Kwh when being lifted for 100 meters, calculated according to the fact that the weight 2 of about 3.7 tons can be lifted for 1Kwh of electricity stored for 100 meters; if the outer diameter of the weight 2 is 20 meters and the height is 30 meters, the weight of the weight 2 is about 23560 tons, and if the weight 2 is lifted by 200 meters, the weight can store 12700Kwh electricity; therefore, the electric energy storage capacity of the weight block 2 can be greatly improved by adjusting the diameter and the thickness of the weight block 2 or increasing the lifting height of the weight block 2; with the existing mature materials and technologies, the inner diameter of the cylindrical building body 1 can be easily 20 meters, the height of the cylindrical building body is 300 meters, the weight 2 can also be easily twenty-three thousand tons, and the electricity storage scale of more than 15Mwh of stored energy can be realized by calculating a single module. The gravity energy storage system can form a multi-module array by mutually abutting a plurality of gravity energy storage modules 100, so that the system is more stable, and the power storage scale can be easily expanded to 100Mwh level or even Gwh level. The gravity energy storage modules 100 occupy small area, a plurality of gravity energy storage modules 100 can be conveniently combined into a multi-module array, and the arrays can form an energy storage power station with energy storage scale far exceeding that of water pumping and energy storage.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 5, a plurality of gravity energy storage modules 100 are mutually abutted to form a multi-module array distribution, which not only has an intensive area and a more reasonable and firm structure, but also can realize infinite amplification of energy storage scale.
Preferably, referring to fig. 2, the weight 2 is a reinforced concrete structure or a steel structure. More preferably, the weight 2 is internally provided with a cavity, and any heavy object, such as waste slag and other wastes, can be filled in the cavity, so that the environment is protected, and the construction cost is reduced. The cylindrical structure 1, the weight 2 and the lifting power generation device 3 of the embodiment can be constructed in a modularized mode, and the gravity energy storage system is convenient to amplify and popularize.
In the above scheme, the gravity energy storage system is composed of a plurality of gravity energy storage modules 100, and the scale is easy to expand; the gravity energy storage modules 100 are modularly constructed in a large quantity, and the investment is far lower than that of energy storage systems of other modes; the gravity energy storage system is not dependent on water, terrain and scarce resources, is not afraid of wind, sunshine and rain, is not frightened and seriously cold in summer, does not discharge carbon, does not produce any pollution, has availability, sustainability and safety of balance, and is very friendly to environment and resources.
In the above solution, referring to fig. 1 and 2, a top cover (not marked in the figure) is arranged at the upper end of the lifting channel, and a through hole (not marked in the figure) for the cable to pass in and out is arranged on the top cover, so that when the weight block accidentally drops, the air pressure difference between the upper part and the lower part of the weight block is increased, and the dropping speed of the weight block is further reduced.
Preferably, referring to fig. 3, a plurality of groups of guide wheels 24 are arranged on the periphery of the weight 2 and are equidistantly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the guide wheels 24 are in rolling contact with the inner wall of the lifting channel 11. In this way, the weight 2 is prevented from contacting and rubbing against the inner wall of the lifting channel 11 by being guided by the guide wheel 24.
In some specific embodiments, in order to simply implement the function of the vent shutter 22, referring to fig. 3 and 4, the vent shutter 22 includes a mounting bracket 221 disposed in the air duct 21, a sliding rod 222 is slidably connected to the mounting bracket 221, a baffle 223 for opening or closing the lower end of the air duct 21 is connected to one end of the sliding rod 222, and a tension spring 224 is disposed between the baffle 223 and the mounting bracket 221; in a normal state, that is, in a state where the speed of the weight 2 is within a certain range when the weight 2 is lifted, the blocking plate 223 and the sliding rod 222 resist the tensile force of the tension spring 224 under the gravity, so that the lower end of the air duct 21 is opened; when the weight 2 falls accidentally, descends in an accelerated manner and the speed is higher than a set value, the tension of the tension spring 224 is higher than the dynamic weight of the baffle 223 and the slide bar 222 in the accelerated descent, and the baffle 223 seals the lower end of the air duct 21 under the common driving of the tension spring 224 and the air pressure difference above and below the air duct 21. The ventilation valve 22 in the embodiment has a simple structure and a reliable and stable working process; preferably, the tension spring 224 is sleeved on the sliding rod 222, one end of the tension spring 224 is connected to the mounting bracket 221, and the other end of the tension spring is connected to the baffle 223; so the stable in structure of extension spring 224 prevents that extension spring 224 from buckling easily and warping.
Preferably, referring to fig. 1 and 3, a water-proof air-barrier layer 12 is arranged at the bottom of the lifting channel 11, and the air is isolated by the water-proof air-barrier layer 12, so that when the weight 2 descends rapidly, the air below the weight 2 is prevented from being pressed into the ground and leaking; the water and air barrier layer 12 may be, for example, a concrete pad or other material capable of insulating air and water.
In some specific embodiments, in order to further eliminate the impact force when the weight 2 is accidentally lowered to stop moving, referring to fig. 1 and 3, an impact dissipation layer 13 is further arranged in the lifting channel 11 and positioned above the water-resisting and air-isolating layer 12, and the impact dissipation layer 13 is formed by liquid or solid particles; the bottom of the weight 2 is provided with a grid-like impact portion 23. Thus, even if the weight 2 drops in earthquake, the air damping structure formed by the weight 2 and the cylindrical structure 1 and the air pressure difference formed by the weight 2 from top to bottom will greatly slow down the final descending speed of the weight 2, and the grid-shaped impact part 23 at the bottom of the weight 2 will be inserted into the impact dissipation layer 13, so as to avoid direct strong collision, and the final impact force will be dissipated through the impact dissipation layer 13, thereby ensuring safety. In this embodiment, the impact dissipation layer 13 is preferably made of sand or/and crushed stone, and has low cost and substantially no limitation on service life, which is beneficial to improving the availability and reliability of the system.
Preferably, referring to fig. 1 and 5, in this embodiment, the supporting base 14 (e.g. piles) of the cylindrical structure 1 is distributed outside the lifting channel 11, and the grid-shaped impact portions 23 at the bottom of the weight 2 are located inside the bottom of the weight 2 and vertically staggered from the supporting base 14, so that the impact force caused by the accidental descent of the weight 2 is prevented from being directly applied to the supporting base 14, the supporting base 14 is made to be more stable, and the vertical arrangement and the structure of the cylindrical structure 1 are ensured not to be damaged.
In addition, the cylindrical structure 1 is provided with a maintenance door for workers to enter and exit, and other conventional configurations are not described herein.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A modular air damping structure gravity energy storage system is characterized by comprising a plurality of gravity energy storage modules, wherein each gravity energy storage module comprises a cylindrical structure, a weight block and a lifting power generation device, a lifting channel is vertically arranged in the cylindrical structure, the lifting power generation device is arranged above the lifting channel, and the lifting power generation device drives the weight block to lift in the lifting channel through a cable and a pulley assembly; a narrow gap is formed between the heavy block and the inner wall of the lifting channel, an up-and-down through air channel is formed on the heavy block, and an air valve for opening or closing the air channel is arranged in the air channel; when the weight block is accelerated and descended and the speed is higher than the set value, the air passage is closed, air below the weight block is compressed, air above the weight block is pumped, air pressure difference is generated, and air damping is formed on the weight block in the lifting channel.
2. The modular air damping structure gravity energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein there are a plurality of sets of lifting power generation devices distributed circumferentially and equidistantly over the lifting channel; the lifting power generation device comprises a lifting machine and a power generator, and the lifting machine and the power generator are integrated or split.
3. The modular air damping structure gravity energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the vent valve comprises a mounting bracket arranged in the air duct, a slide rod is slidably connected to the mounting bracket, a baffle plate for blocking the lower end of the air duct is connected to one end of the slide rod, and a tension spring is arranged between the baffle plate and the mounting bracket; under the normal state, the baffle and the sliding rod resist the tension of the tension spring under the action of gravity, so that the lower end of the air duct is opened; when the weight block is accelerated to descend and the speed is greater than a set value, the baffle is driven by the tension spring and the air pressure difference between the upper side and the lower side of the air duct to block the lower end of the air duct.
4. The modular air damping structure gravity energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein a water and gas barrier is provided at the bottom of the lifting channel.
5. The modular air damping structure gravity energy storage system according to claim 4, wherein an impact dissipation layer is further provided in the lifting channel above the water and gas barrier layer, the impact dissipation layer being formed of liquid or solid particles; the bottom of the weight is provided with a latticed impact part.
6. The modular air damping structure gravity energy storage system according to claim 5, wherein the impact dissipation layer is made of sand or/and crushed stones.
7. The modular air damping structure gravity energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the weight is provided with a plurality of groups of guide wheels distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction on the periphery, and the guide wheels are in rolling contact with the inner wall of the lifting channel.
8. The modular air damping structure gravity energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the cylindrical structure is a reinforced concrete structure and the weight is a reinforced concrete structure or a steel structure.
9. The modular air damping structure gravity energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the upper end of the lifting channel is provided with a cap, the cap is provided with a through hole for the cable to pass in and out, when the weight is dropped accidentally, the air pressure difference between the upper part and the lower part of the weight is increased, and the dropping speed of the weight is further reduced.
10. The modular air damping structure gravity energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the gravity energy storage module is provided in plurality, and the cylindrical structures of the gravity energy storage modules abut against each other to form a multi-module array distribution.
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| US11187299B1 (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-11-30 | Ningbo Fenghua Rising New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. | Bidirectional self-locking damper |
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