CN115678620A - System and method for preparing combustible gas through coal powder steam hydrogen enrichment gasification - Google Patents

System and method for preparing combustible gas through coal powder steam hydrogen enrichment gasification Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115678620A
CN115678620A CN202211335036.6A CN202211335036A CN115678620A CN 115678620 A CN115678620 A CN 115678620A CN 202211335036 A CN202211335036 A CN 202211335036A CN 115678620 A CN115678620 A CN 115678620A
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hydrogen
steam
gas
gasification
heat exchanger
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CN202211335036.6A
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马春元
李军
周滨选
赵媛
朱子霖
常景彩
王涛
张立强
朱振坤
张鑫
潘峰
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Shandong Xianghuan Environmental Technology Co ltd
Shandong University
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Shandong Xianghuan Environmental Technology Co ltd
Shandong University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of coal powder gasification, in particular to a system and a method for preparing combustible gas by coal powder steam hydrogen enrichment, which comprises the steps that coal powder in a gasification reactor and high-temperature steam provided by a heat accumulating type heat exchanger generate gasification reaction to generate hydrogen-rich gas, the hydrogen-rich gas is cooled by the heat exchanger and then enters a spray tower to be cooled for the second time so as to condense water vapor in the hydrogen-rich gas, sensible heat and latent heat are released, the hydrogen-rich gas is discharged from the spray tower, heat released by condensed water is recovered by spray water provided by the spray tower through a flash tank, the condensed water and the spray water enter the flash tank to be converted into steam again, and the condensed water and the spray water enter the heat accumulating type heat exchanger after absorbing the sensible heat of the hydrogen-rich gas through the heat exchanger so as to obtain the high-temperature steam reaching the coal powder gasification reaction temperature; the invention utilizes high-temperature water vapor as a single gasifying agent to participate in coal powder gasification reaction, and the high-temperature water vapor generated by the heat accumulating type heat exchanger provides H element and reaction temperature required by the gasification reaction, thereby improving the hydrogen-rich fuel gasH 2 And (4) proportion.

Description

System and method for preparing combustible gas through coal powder steam hydrogen enrichment
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pulverized coal gasification, in particular to a system and a method for preparing combustible gas by coal powder steam hydrogen enrichment.
Background
Hydrogen energy has the performance advantages of high heat value, convenient transportation, wide application and clean combustion, and is considered to be one of the most promising energy sources in the future. In order to meet the large-scale hydrogen energy requirement, the hydrogen-rich fuel gas can be prepared by gasifying the pulverized coal.
The coal powder gasification is a strong heat absorption process and generally adopts H 2 O、CO 2 Pure O 2 Air, etc. as gasifying agent, O 2 Or the participation of air provides the needed heat and temperature for the gasification reaction, but can cause CO in the produced gas 2 the/CO concentration increases. And utilizing pure O in existing coal gasification systems 2 When the air is used as a gasifying agent, a set of air separation device is required to be added, so that the system construction and operation cost is increased; when air is used as gasifying agent, N in the produced gas can be increased 2 Concentration, resulting in a decrease in gas generation calorific value and an increase in equipment size.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system and a method for preparing combustible gas by coal powder steam hydrogen enrichment gasification, which aim to solve the problem of CO/CO in the hydrogen-enriched combustible gas prepared by the existing preparation method 2 /N 2 The proportion of gases is high, and the problems of high energy consumption and high water consumption exist. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a system for preparing combustible gas by coal powder steam hydrogen-rich gasification, comprising:
the gasification reactor is used for gasification reaction of high-temperature steam and coal powder;
the energy-saving device comprises a spray tower and a flash tank, wherein a circulating heat exchange channel is established between the spray tower and the flash tank, the spray tower is communicated with the gasification reactor, and a heat exchanger is arranged between the spray tower and the gasification reactor;
and the heat accumulating type heat exchanger is communicated with the flash tank, steam in the pipeline exchanges heat through the heat exchanger, and the heat accumulating type heat exchanger is communicated with the gasification reactor and provides high-temperature steam for the gasification reactor.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a combustible gas by coal powder steam hydrogen-enrichment, which is performed by using the system for preparing a combustible gas by coal powder steam hydrogen-enrichment according to the first aspect, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that coal powder in a gasification reactor and high-temperature steam provided by a heat accumulating type heat exchanger generate gasification reaction to generate hydrogen-rich gas, the hydrogen-rich gas is cooled by the heat exchanger and then enters a spray tower to be cooled for the second time so that water vapor in the hydrogen-rich gas is condensed to release sensible heat and latent heat, the hydrogen-rich gas is discharged from the spray tower, spray water provided by a flash tank to the spray tower recovers heat released by condensed water, the condensed water and the spray water enter the flash tank to be converted into steam again, the sensible heat of the hydrogen-rich gas is absorbed by the heat exchanger and then enters the heat accumulating type heat exchanger, and the high-temperature steam reaching the coal powder gasification reaction temperature is obtained.
As a further technical scheme, tar in the gas phase of the hydrogen-rich fuel gas is collected in a spray tower, the tar and water are statically layered and then pumped to a gasification reactor, and the tar and the water are gasified and cracked into micromolecular alkane under the action of high-temperature steam and further reformed into the hydrogen-rich fuel gas.
As a further technical scheme, alkaline substances are added into a spray tower and/or a flash tank, and acidic substances in the alkaline substances are neutralized and removed in the coal dust gasification process.
As a further technical scheme, a gas-liquid separation device is arranged at a hydrogen-rich gas outlet of the spray tower.
As a further technical scheme, a pressure swing adsorption purification device is arranged at a hydrogen-rich gas outlet of the spray tower.
As a further technical scheme, the hydrogen extraction waste gas generated by the pressure swing adsorption purification device is used as the fuel of the heat accumulating type heat exchanger.
As a further technical scheme, the regenerative heat exchanger is provided with a plurality of regenerative chambers, and the plurality of regenerative chambers are switched to operate continuously to continuously generate high-temperature water vapor.
As a further technical scheme, the spray tower is provided with a water replenishing device.
As a further technical scheme, the gas and liquid are conveyed by a gas compressor and a water pump in the preparation process to provide conveying power.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The invention uses high-temperature water vapor as a single gasifying agent to participate in the coal powder gasification reaction, and can provide a large amount of H elements for the coal powder gasification process, thereby improving the hydrogen concentration in the gasified gas; the water vapor and tar generated by gasification can be reformed into small molecular gaseous products at high temperature, which is beneficial to improving the concentration of combustible component gas; reduction of N in the case of air as gasification medium 2 The combustible components are diluted, and the heat value of the fuel gas is improved; compared with the existing preparation method, the prepared CO/CO in the hydrogen-rich fuel gas 2 /N 2 The proportion of the equal gas is lower; oxygen is not needed to be used as a gasification medium, an air separation device is omitted, the production process is simplified, and the equipment investment is reduced.
(2) The invention recovers the water vapor in the hydrogen-rich fuel gas by using the spray tower and the flash tank, returns the sensible heat and the latent heat of the water vapor to the system, reduces the heat loss of a cold source of the system, and heats the recovered low-temperature saturated steam by using a set of heat exchangers and sends the heated low-temperature saturated steam to the pulverized coal gasification reactor, thereby realizing the recycling of the water vapor. Improves the system economy and has wide application prospect.
(3) The spray water provided by the flash tank to the spray tower recovers the heat released by the condensed water, and the condensed water and the spray water enter the flash tank together to be converted into steam again, so that the heat regeneration and recycling of the steam in the hydrogen-rich fuel gas are realized, particularly the latent heat of the steam is huge, and the energy-saving, consumption-reducing and water-saving effects are obvious.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. It will be further appreciated that the drawings are for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been drawn to scale. The invention will now be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a system for preparing combustible gas by hydrogen-rich gasification of pulverized coal steam in an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 1. a coal mill; 2. a gasification reactor; 3. a heat exchanger; 4. a spray tower; 5. a flash tank; 6. a condenser; 7. a compressor; 8. a regenerative heat exchanger; 9. and (4) a water pump.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides a system for preparing combustible gas by coal powder steam hydrogen-rich gasification, which includes a coal mill 1, a gasification reactor 2, a heat exchanger 3, a spray tower 4, a flash tank 5, a condenser 6, a compressor 7, a regenerative heat exchanger 8, and a water pump 9.
Wherein, the gasification reactor 2 is used for the gasification reaction of high-temperature steam and coal powder; the gasification raw material can be coal powder, and can also be biomass, organic solid waste and other raw materials with higher carbon content. The gasification reactor 2 may take a variety of forms, and may be a rotary kiln, a moving bed, an entrained flow bed, a fluidized bed, a bubbling bed, a spouted bed, a settled bed, and the like.
The energy-saving device comprises a spray tower 4 and a flash tank 5, wherein a circulating heat exchange channel is established between the spray tower 4 and the flash tank 5, and a heat exchanger 3 is arranged between the spray tower 4 and the gasification reactor 2;
the flash tank 5 is an energy-saving device core, a spraying layer is arranged at the upper part of the flash tank, a slag discharging valve is arranged at the bottom of the flash tank, the flash tank and the spraying tower 4 form a water circulation loop, a liquid outlet of the flash tank 5 is connected with a spraying pipeline inlet of the spraying tower 4, a liquid inlet of the flash tank 5 is connected with a pipeline outlet of the spraying tower 4, and circulating water pumps 9 are arranged on the two pipelines.
The steam flashed by the flash tank 5 is firstly pressurized and heated by the compressor 7, and the pressure is increased to the steam pressure required by the process. And the outlet steam of the compressor 7 enters the heat accumulating type heat exchanger 8 to be heated, and the temperature is increased to the steam temperature required by the process.
The heat accumulating type heat exchanger 8 is communicated with the flash tank 5, steam in the pipeline exchanges heat through the heat exchanger 3, and the heat accumulating type heat exchanger 8 is communicated with the gasification reactor 2 and provides high-temperature steam for the gasification reactor.
The heat accumulator in the heat accumulating type heat exchanger 8 is a porous ceramic brick with high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance. The regenerative heat exchanger 8 may be arranged in a plurality of places where heat exchange occurs. After the temperature of the heat accumulator is raised by burning the hydrogen extraction waste gas or other gas fuels, the heat accumulator is switched to a steam path, and the heat accumulator transfers heat to steam again. The plurality of regenerative chambers are switched to operate continuously, and high-temperature steam can be generated continuously.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for preparing combustible gas by coal powder steam hydrogen enrichment, which is prepared by adopting the system for preparing combustible gas by coal powder steam hydrogen enrichment in embodiment 1 and comprises the following steps:
coal is ground to a certain particle size range by a coal mill 1, then is conveyed into a gasification reactor 2, and is subjected to steam coal powder gasification reaction with steam generated from a heat accumulating type heat exchanger 8 at the temperature of 1000-1200 ℃ to generate hydrogen-rich fuel gas, wherein the hydrogen-rich fuel gas mainly comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c + H 2 O=CO+H 2 ,CO+H 2 O=CO 2 +H 2 ,CH 4 +H 2 O=CO+3H 2 ,C+2H 2 O=CO 2 +2H 2 ,C+CO 2 =2CO,C+2H 2 =CH 4 Organic macromolecules generated by fast pyrolysis of coal dust are also reacted with H 2 Reforming reaction of O C n H m O p +(2n-p)H 2 O=nCO 2 +(m/2+2n-p)H 2 . The temperature of the hydrogen-rich fuel gas discharged from the gasification reactor 2 is about 800-1000 ℃, wherein the dry basis H 2 40-70% by volume of CO 2 The volume percentage is 10-20%, and the volume percentage of CO is 10-30%.
High-temperature water vapor is used as a single gasifying agent to participate in coal dust gasification reaction, so that a large amount of H elements can be provided for the coal dust gasification process, and H in hydrogen-rich fuel gas is increased 2 Proportion, but there are some problems to be solved: (1) The coal powder-steam gasification process is a strong heat absorption process, and the gasification reaction can be effectively carried out only by external supplementary energy; (2) In order to ensure the gasification efficiency of the coal powder and the water vapor, the water vapor is generally excessive, the combustible gas product contains more unreacted water vapor, and the water in the high-temperature gasified gas is difficult to recover, so that the water consumption in the coal powder gasification process is large; (3) Sensible heat and latent heat of water vapor of high-temperature gasified gas generated by gasification reaction are difficult to effectively recover, so that the energy recovery and utilization efficiency is low, and the operation energy consumption is large.
For this reason, the present embodiment solves the above problems by providing a heat exchanger, an energy saving device, and a regenerative heat exchanger to work together.
The high-temperature water vapor generated by the heat accumulating type heat exchanger 8 not only provides the H element required by the gasification reaction, but also can provide the reaction temperature. The temperature of the hydrogen-rich fuel gas generated by the gasification reactor 2 is reduced to 80-250 ℃ through the heat exchanger 3, sensible heat is recovered, and the low-temperature saturated steam generated from the flash tank 5 is heated to 100-500 ℃. The number of the heat exchangers 3 can be multiple, and the recovered sensible heat can be utilized elsewhere.
The cooled hydrogen-rich gas at 80-250 ℃ does not reach the dew point temperature (70-90 ℃) of steam condensation, and water vapor in the hydrogen-rich gas cannot be condensed and separated out. And (3) entering a spray tower 4, spraying water at 60-90 ℃ in a flash tank 5 to cool the hydrogen-rich fuel gas, simultaneously reducing the temperature of water vapor in the hydrogen-rich fuel gas to a dew point temperature, and condensing and separating out to release sensible heat and latent heat in the spray tower 4. The spray water recovers the sensible heat and latent heat released by condensed water, the spray water is conveyed to a flash tank 5 by a water pump, low-temperature saturated steam is flashed out, the steam temperature is 80-99 ℃, the spray water is pressurized by an air compressor 7, the sensible heat of the hydrogen-rich gas is recovered by a heat exchanger, and the steam temperature rises to 100-500 ℃.
The hydrogen-rich gas is discharged from the spray tower 4, the spray water provided to the spray tower 4 by the flash tank 5 recovers the heat released by the condensed water, and the condensed water and the spray water enter the flash tank 5 together to be converted into steam again; the energy-saving device realizes the heat recovery of the water vapor in the hydrogen-rich fuel gas, particularly realizes the huge latent heat quantity (2257.2 kJ/kg) of the water vapor, and has obvious effects of saving energy, reducing consumption and saving water.
The tar in the gas phase of the hydrogen-rich fuel gas is collected in the spray tower 4, the tar and water are statically layered and then pumped to the gasification reactor 2, and the tar and the water are gasified and cracked into micromolecular alkane under the action of high-temperature steam and further reformed into the hydrogen-rich fuel gas.
Alkaline substances are added into the spray tower 4 and/or the flash tank 5, and in the coal powder gasification process, acidic substances such as Cl, F, S and the like in coal are neutralized and removed, so that the hydrogen-rich fuel gas is further purified.
The exhaust gas of the spray tower 4 may have unseparated steam or small droplets, a gas-liquid separation device may be added at the outlet of the spray device, and in this embodiment, the condenser 6 is adopted to purify the hydrogen-rich gas. The hydrogen-rich gas can be further purified by pressure swing adsorption to remove gas phase impurities, so that H is obtained 2 The concentration is increased to 99.99%. CO with more oxygen in the hydrogen extraction waste gas can be used as fuel gas. The hydrogen extraction waste gas generated by the pressure swing adsorption purification device is used as fuel for the regenerative heat exchanger 8.
The water vapor after being preliminarily heated by the heat exchanger 3 passes through the heat accumulating type heat exchanger 8, and the temperature of the water vapor is raised to 1000-1200 ℃. Then the high-temperature steam enters the gasification reactor 2 to participate in the coal powder gasification reaction. Reaction Process H 2 O is continuously consumed and converted into H 2 Therefore, a water replenishing device can be arranged at the spray tower 4 to ensure that the water quantity of the system reachesTo equilibrium.
In the embodiment, high-temperature steam is used as a single gasifying agent to participate in coal powder gasification reaction, the sensible heat of the high-temperature steam maintains the temperature required by the reaction, the spray tower 4 and the flash tank 5 are used for recovering the steam in the hydrogen-rich fuel gas, the sensible heat and the latent heat of the steam are returned to the system, the heat loss of a cold source of the system is reduced, and the recovered low-temperature saturated steam is heated by using one set of heat exchanger 3 and is sent to the coal powder gasification reactor 2, so that the cyclic use of the steam is realized.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make variations and modifications of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention by using the methods and technical contents disclosed above.

Claims (10)

1. A system for preparing combustible gas by coal powder steam hydrogen enrichment is characterized by comprising:
the gasification reactor is used for gasification reaction of high-temperature steam and coal powder;
the energy-saving device comprises a spray tower and a flash tank, wherein a circulating heat exchange channel is established between the spray tower and the flash tank, the spray tower is communicated with the gasification reactor, and a heat exchanger is arranged between the spray tower and the gasification reactor;
and the heat accumulating type heat exchanger is communicated with the flash tank, steam in the pipeline exchanges heat through the heat exchanger, and the heat accumulating type heat exchanger is communicated with the gasification reactor and provides high-temperature steam for the gasification reactor.
2. A method for preparing combustible gas by coal dust steam hydrogen enrichment, which is characterized in that the system for preparing combustible gas by coal dust steam hydrogen enrichment according to claim 1 is adopted for preparation, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that coal powder in a gasification reactor and high-temperature steam provided by a heat accumulating type heat exchanger generate gasification reaction to generate hydrogen-rich gas, the hydrogen-rich gas is cooled by the heat exchanger and then enters a spray tower to be cooled for the second time so that water vapor in the hydrogen-rich gas is condensed to release sensible heat and latent heat, the hydrogen-rich gas is discharged from the spray tower, spray water provided by a flash tank to the spray tower recovers heat released by condensed water, the condensed water and the spray water enter the flash tank to be converted into steam again, the sensible heat of the hydrogen-rich gas is absorbed by the heat exchanger and then enters the heat accumulating type heat exchanger, and the high-temperature steam reaching the coal powder gasification reaction temperature is obtained.
3. The method for preparing combustible gas by coal dust steam hydrogen-rich gasification according to claim 2, wherein tar in the hydrogen-rich gas phase is collected in a spray tower, the tar and water are statically layered and then pumped into a gasification reactor, and under the action of high-temperature steam, the tar is gasified and cracked into small-molecule alkane, and further reformed into the hydrogen-rich gas.
4. The method for preparing combustible gas by coal dust steam hydrogen-rich gasification according to claim 2, wherein alkaline substances are added into a spray tower and/or a flash tank, and acidic substances are neutralized and removed in the coal dust gasification process.
5. The method for preparing combustible gas by coal dust steam hydrogen-rich gasification according to claim 2, wherein a gas-liquid separation device is arranged at a hydrogen-rich gas outlet of the spray tower.
6. The method for preparing combustible gas by hydrogen enrichment of pulverized coal steam as claimed in claim 2, wherein a pressure swing adsorption purification device is arranged at the hydrogen-enriched gas outlet of the spray tower.
7. The method for preparing combustible gas by coal dust steam hydrogen enrichment according to claim 6, wherein the hydrogen extraction waste gas generated by the pressure swing adsorption purification device is used as fuel of a regenerative heat exchanger.
8. The method for preparing combustible gas by coal dust steam hydrogen-rich gasification according to claim 2, wherein the regenerative heat exchanger is provided with a plurality of regenerative chambers, and the plurality of regenerative chambers are continuously switched to operate and continuously generate high-temperature water vapor.
9. The method for preparing combustible gas by coal dust steam hydrogen enrichment according to claim 2, wherein the spray tower is provided with a water replenishing device.
10. The method for preparing combustible gas by coal dust steam hydrogen enrichment according to claim 2, wherein the conveying of gas and liquid in the preparation process is provided with conveying power by a gas compressor and a water pump.
CN202211335036.6A 2022-10-28 2022-10-28 System and method for preparing combustible gas through coal powder steam hydrogen enrichment gasification Pending CN115678620A (en)

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CN202211335036.6A CN115678620A (en) 2022-10-28 2022-10-28 System and method for preparing combustible gas through coal powder steam hydrogen enrichment gasification

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CN202211335036.6A CN115678620A (en) 2022-10-28 2022-10-28 System and method for preparing combustible gas through coal powder steam hydrogen enrichment gasification

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CN115678620A true CN115678620A (en) 2023-02-03

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