CN115677574A - 一种吡啶肟醚酰胺类化合物及其用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种吡啶肟醚酰胺类化合物,结构如式Ⅲ所示:
Description
技术领域 本发明属于农药中杀螨剂领域,涉及一种吡啶肟醚酰胺类化合物及其用途。
背景技术 螨虫是一种农林业常见的害虫,危害蔬菜、棉花、果树等作物,造成粮食减产,对作物生长有巨大损害。因此,发明绿色低毒、高效、低残留、药效时间长的农药杀螨剂意义重大。螨虫具有体积小、繁殖快、适应性强、易产生抗药性等特点,是公认的难防治的有害生物群落。由于农业害螨容易产生抗药性,一些商品化杀螨剂因抗药性失去原有的高效性,逐渐不能满足现代农业对杀螨剂超高效、长持效及低公害的要求,需要不断进行高效杀螨剂新品种的研发。在现有技术中,如本发明涉及的一种吡啶肟醚酰胺类化合物及其用作杀螨剂的应用未见公开。
发明内容 本发明的目的是提供一种结构新颖、使用安全、高效低毒的吡啶肟醚酰胺类化合物,其用作农作物杀螨剂,可用于农业或林业害螨的防治。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种吡啶肟醚酰胺类化合物,结构如式Ⅲ所示:
本发明式Ⅲ化合物可由如下反应方法制备。
(1)3-氰基吡啶和盐酸羟胺反应生成式Ⅰ化合物:
(2)式Ⅰ化合物和4-叔丁基苄氯反应生成式Ⅱ化合物:
(3)式Ⅱ化合物和丙酸酐反应生成式Ⅲ化合物:
具体制备方法见本发明实施例。
本发明的优点和积极效果:
吡啶环是新烟碱类杀虫剂的重要基团,本发明吡啶肟醚酰胺类化合物,含有吡啶环和苯甲肟醚、酰胺结构,不仅结构新颖,而且有优异的杀螨活性(见表1),药效显著高于对照的商品化特效杀螨剂炔螨特,特别适用于目前普遍存在的抗药性农业害虫害螨的治理,能够更好的应对螨虫抗药性问题。本发明化合物还有生物降解性好、残留低、环境相容性好的优点。本发明化合物合成工艺简单、原料易得、中间体不需要精制、防治成本低、高效低毒,具有作为创制性杀螨剂新品种产业化的前景和商品化的潜力。
本发明化合物用于防制作物螨害用途时,根据需要可以单独使用,也可以与其它杀虫杀螨剂等组合使用,以提高产品的综合功能。
本发明还包括以式Ⅲ化合物作为活性组分的杀虫杀螨组合物,该组合物中还包括农业或林业上可以接受的载体。
本发明的组合物可以制剂的形式施用,式Ⅲ化合物作为活性组分溶解或分散于载体或溶剂中,添加适当的表面活性剂配制成乳油、悬浮剂、微乳剂等。
应该明确的是,本发明权利要求所限定的范围内,可进行各种变换和改动。
具体实施方式
下列合成实例、生测试验结果可用来进一步说明本发明,但不意味着限制本发明。
合成实例
实例1、式Ⅲ化合物的制备:
(1)化合物Ⅰ的制备:
在250mL三口烧瓶中,加入20.8g(0.3mol)盐酸羟胺、30.3g(0.3mol)三乙胺、50g乙醇,室温下搅拌30min,将羟胺游离出来,滴加10.4g(0.1mol)3-氰基吡啶,升温至回流,反应3h后,TLC监测至反应完全,冷却至室温后,抽滤,旋蒸除去溶剂得白色固体,即是化合物Ⅰ。
(2)化合物Ⅱ的制备:
在250mL三口烧瓶中,将13.7g(0.10mol)中间体Ⅰ加入到50mL DMF中,在0℃下同时缓慢加入4.2g(0.105mol)NaOH粉末和滴加溶于10mL DMF中的4-叔丁基苄氯18.2g(0.1mol),滴加完毕后转移至室温反应3h,TLC监测至反应完全,将反应液倒入150mL水中,用60mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,干燥有机相,旋蒸除去溶剂得到棕色油状物,即是化合物Ⅱ粗产物。
(3)化合物Ⅲ的制备:
在100mL单口瓶中,将2.83g(10.0mmol)中间体Ⅱ和2.60g(20.0mmol)丙酸酐加入30mL甲苯中,升温至回流反应5h,TLC检测至反应完全,冷却至室温,将反应液加入到40mL饱和氯化钠水溶液中,用乙酸乙酯(3×30mL)萃取,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,脱溶剂,粗品经柱层析(V(乙酸乙酯):V(石油醚)=1:15)分离,得到化合物Ⅲ,产率90%。化合物Ⅲ的熔点:135~136℃;1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.89(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),8.66(dd,J=4.7,1.7Hz,1H),8.07(dt,J=8.1,2.0Hz,1H),7.48(dd,J=8.1,4.8Hz,1H),7.40(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.31(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),5.24(s,2H),2.53(q,J=7.0Hz,4H),1.26(s,9H),0.92(t,J=7.2Hz,6H);13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ174.06,151.11,150.81,146.68,144.65,133.48,133.16,128.33,127.28,125.16,123.93,76.82,34.25,31.00,29.52,8.31.
生物活性测试
以朱砂叶螨为测试对象,采用喷雾法。将试验化合物用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶解,配制成浓度为200mg/L的药液,然后用含10%吐温-20的水稀释至所需浓度(100、50、20mg/L)。取2片真叶菜豆苗,接种朱砂叶螨成螨数量为30头,用手持喷雾器进行整株喷雾处理,然后放入标准观察室,48h观察记录螨虫的死亡情况。以清水为空白对照,每组试验药液设3次重复试验,1次空白试验,并计算朱砂叶螨的致死率。
致死率(%)=(药剂处理死亡率-空白对照死亡率)/(1-空白对照死亡率)×100%
表1.本发明化合物(式Ⅲ)对朱砂叶螨成螨活性测试结果
表1结果表明,本发明式Ⅲ化合物对朱砂叶螨成螨的杀螨活性显著优于常用的特效杀螨剂炔螨特。
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