CN115669518A - Directional cultivation method of high-quality aquatic plants for water ecological restoration - Google Patents
Directional cultivation method of high-quality aquatic plants for water ecological restoration Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a directional cultivation method of high-quality aquatic plants for water ecological restoration, which comprises the following steps: s1, installing a cultivation device capable of adjusting the growth environment of the aquatic plants, and planting aquatic plant seedlings in the cultivation device; s2, setting the water environments of various indexes in a step manner, and selecting a small number of surviving plants for cultivation when seedlings in a certain water environment die in a large area. The method provided by the invention makes full use of the directional screening principle in the breeding technology to cultivate the special superior seedlings aiming at different types of pollutants and different physical and chemical environments, so that the sowthistle and the eyebright seedlings with good decontamination effect in the aquatic ecological restoration aquatic plant planting can be derived and evolved into different sub-varieties, each seed variety has a growth effect which cannot be achieved by other varieties in the respective suitable living environment, the efficiency of the aquatic plant planting engineering can be greatly improved, the engineering investment is saved, and the engineering effective period is shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water ecological restoration, in particular to a directional cultivation method of high-quality water plants for water ecological restoration.
Background
The aquatic plant planting engineering in the water ecological restoration engineering is the most common technical means for water ecological restoration at present, and in the selection of aquatic plant varieties, the two varieties of the common sowthistle herb and the common eyeweed herb are the most, and the reason is mainly that the two varieties have prominent water quality purification effect and are widely distributed in China. As a large amount of plant seedlings are needed in aquatic plant planting engineering, the main measures adopted in the industry at present are seedling planting bases, a large amount of seedlings of the sowthistle and the eyeweed are cultivated in a proper field and environment, and the seedlings are transported in different places when needing to be planted.
The most obvious problem of traditional aquatic plant breeding mode is that strong adaptability can't be bred, the ecological remediation special-purpose seedling that the pertinence is high, the living environment of breeding base, including quality of water, various nutrient content of water all are in a stable scope, therefore the seedling that breeds can't adapt to multiple ecological environment, and implement the target water of ecological remediation engineering, living environment changes the universalization, if the seedling does not possess strong adaptability, the survival rate will greatly reduced, to realizing the quality of water target, the guarantee project is implemented smoothly very unfavorable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects and provide a method for directionally cultivating high-quality aquatic plants for water ecological restoration.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a directional cultivation method of high-quality aquatic plants for water ecological restoration comprises the following steps:
s1, installing a cultivation device capable of adjusting the growth environment of the aquatic plants, and planting aquatic plant seedlings in the cultivation device;
s2, setting water environments of various indexes in a step manner, and selecting a small number of surviving plants for cultivation when seedlings in a certain water environment die in a large area;
s3, preprocessing is carried out before plant cultivation, the germination rate and survival rate of plant seedlings are improved, and the step S2 is repeated to obtain a huge aquatic plant seedling bank which comprises aquatic plant seedlings suitable for various severe environments;
and S4, selecting aquatic plant seedling varieties which can survive in the target water body according to the environmental indexes of the target water body, carrying out large-scale planting, and then carrying out centralized outward transportation and transplanting to the target water body.
Furthermore, the cultivation device comprises more than one aquatic plant cultivation frame used as a cultivation space of aquatic plant seedlings, a quasi-sunlight sunshine source arranged above the aquatic plant cultivation frame and used as a growth light source, and a water environment adjusting pipe arranged on the aquatic plant cultivation frame and used for adjusting various indexes of a water environment.
Furthermore, the sunshine simulating sunlight light source is used for simulating the illumination levels of different areas and climate lines, and the illumination intensity and duration are set in a stepped mode.
Further, in the step S3, the plant cultivation pretreatment specifically comprises the following steps:
s1.1, placing aquatic plant seedlings in purified water for soaking;
s1.2, removing leaves and roots of aquatic plant seedlings, selecting stout stem leaves, and washing for 3 times by using distilled water;
s1.3, sterilizing the washed stems and leaves by using a sterilizing agent, and then performing sterilization post-treatment;
s1.4, cutting off stems and leaves, taking stems and leaves with internode explants and without internodes, and configuring the stems and leaves with internode explants into a culture medium for inducing embryo germination and adventitious bud differentiation to culture so as to induce the germination of the embryos;
s1.5, when the seedling bud grows to be more than 3cm, transferring the seedling bud into a rooting culture medium for further proliferation until the seedling bud grows into a complete plant;
s1.6, the complete plant is configured into a subculture medium for further culture to be used as the directionally cultured aquatic plant seedling.
Further, the sterilizing agent is 5% by weight H 2 O 2 、10％ H 2 O 2 Or (1%) 2 O 2 1. Drip)/100 ml.
Further, the post-sterilization treatment comprises soaking the sterilized stems and leaves in sterile water, taking out the stems and leaves after soaking, and standing the stems and leaves at room temperature.
Further, in the step S1.4, the culture medium for inducing embryo germination and adventitious bud differentiation includes MS culture medium, sucrose, agar and hormone for inducing germination.
Further, in the step S1.5, the rooting medium includes an MS medium and a hormone for inducing rooting.
Further, in the S1.6 step, the secondary culture medium includes MS medium, sucrose, agar and a hormone for inducing germination.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the method fully utilizes the directional screening principle in the breeding technology to cultivate the special superior seedlings aiming at different types of pollutants and different physical and chemical environments, so that the sowthistle and the eyebright seedlings with good decontamination effect in the aquatic ecological restoration aquatic plant planting can be derived and evolved into different sub-varieties, each seed variety has the growth effect which cannot be achieved by other varieties in the respective suitable living environment, the efficiency of the aquatic plant planting engineering can be greatly improved, the engineering investment is saved, and the engineering effective period is shortened;
according to the invention, more than one water quality plant cultivation frame is arranged in a multilayer manner, so that the occupied space of a seedling cultivation field can be saved, and through multilayer arrangement, multiple layers of aquatic plant seedlings can be cultivated in a cultivation field in unit area, so that the land resource is maximally saved, and the breeding cost is reduced;
the method has high requirements on the growth efficiency and the living rate of the seedlings, creatively explores a seedling cultivation pretreatment method, and effectively improves the growth efficiency and the living rate of the seedlings by pretreating the existing seedlings when all the seedlings are expanded and cultivated.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of an incubation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a cultivating device; 11. an aquatic plant culture rack; 12. a quasi-sunlight sunshine source; 13. a water environment regulating pipe; 14. a water quality monitoring device.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Please refer to fig. 1.
The invention relates to a directional cultivation method of high-quality aquatic plants for water ecological restoration, which comprises the following steps:
s1, installing a cultivation device 1, wherein the cultivation device 1 comprises an aquatic plant cultivation frame 11 serving as an aquatic plant seedling cultivation space; a sunshine simulating light source 12 is installed to be used as a light source for the growth of the aquatic plant seedlings; installing a water environment adjusting pipe 13, adjusting various indexes of the growing water environment of the aquatic plant seedlings, including various indexes of water quality, transparency, dissolved oxygen and the like, and planting the aquatic plant seedlings in the cultivating device 1;
s2, setting water environments of various indexes in a step manner, and selecting a small number of surviving plants for cultivation when seedlings in a certain water environment die in a large area;
s3, preprocessing is carried out before plant cultivation, the germination rate and the survival rate of plant seedlings are improved, and the step S2 is repeatedly carried out to obtain a huge aquatic plant seedling bank which comprises aquatic plant seedlings suitable for various severe environments;
and S4, selecting aquatic plant seedling varieties which can survive in the target water body according to the environmental indexes of the target water body, carrying out large-scale planting, and then carrying out centralized outward transportation and transplanting to the target water body.
Preferably, a portable water quality monitoring device 14 is arranged in the aquatic plant cultivation frame 11 and used for monitoring the content of each index of the water in the cultivation frame in real time, and when each index deviates, the water in the aquatic plant cultivation frame 11 is added or replaced through the water environment adjusting pipe 13, so that the water environment for seedling growth is maintained at a relatively balanced and stable level.
Preferably, the sunshine simulating light source 12 is used for simulating the illumination levels of different areas and climate lines, and the illumination intensity and duration are set in a stepped manner.
Preferably, in the step S3, the plant cultivation pretreatment comprises the following specific steps:
s1.1, placing the seedlings of the aquatic plants in purified water for soaking for 1 hour, wherein the purified water can prevent harmful substances from influencing the quality of the seedlings;
s1.2, removing leaves and roots of aquatic plant seedlings, selecting stout stem leaves, and washing for 3 times by using distilled water;
s1.3, sterilizing the washed stems and leaves by using a sterilizing agent, then performing sterilization post-treatment, soaking the sterilized stems and leaves in sterile water for 10min, taking out the stems and leaves after soaking, and standing the stems and leaves at room temperature for 30min;
s1.4, cutting off stem leaves, taking 10mm stems and leaves with internode explants and without internode, and configuring the stems and leaves with internode explants in a culture medium for inducing embryo germination and adventitious bud differentiation to culture so as to induce the bud growth of the embryos, wherein the culture medium for inducing embryo germination and adventitious bud differentiation comprises an MS culture medium, 2% of sucrose, 1% of agar and 0.1% of hormone (gibberellin GA) for inducing bud growth;
s1.5, when the seedling bud grows to be more than 3cm, transplanting the seedling bud into a rooting culture medium for further proliferation until the seedling bud grows into a complete plant, wherein the rooting culture medium comprises an MS culture medium and 0.3 percent of hormone (auxin IAA) for inducing rooting;
s1.6, the complete plant is arranged into a subculture medium for further culture to serve as a directionally cultured aquatic plant seedling, wherein the subculture medium comprises an MS culture medium, 2.5% of cane sugar, 1% of agar and 0.1% of hormone (gibberellin GA) for inducing germination.
Preferably, the sterilant is 5% 2 O 2 、10％ H 2 O 2 Or (1% 2 O 2 1. Drip)/100 ml.
Selection of sterilization mode:
the sterilization combination mode comprises the following steps:
(1) (1%) NaClO1D +10% H 2 O 2 1 drop)/100 ml, and the sterilization time is 20min;
(2) 40% ethanol solution 1min + sterile Water rinse twice + (1% NaClO +10% H) 2 O 2 1 drop/100 ml), the sterilization time is 10min;
③10％ H 2 O 2 sterilizing for 25min;
④5％ H 2 O 2 sterilizing for 15min;
all sterilization modes are used, and before inoculation, the seeds need to be washed with sterile water for three times and soaked for 10min.
Since the epidermis of submerged plants, particularly freshwater submerged plants represented by common sowthistle herbs and eyewinches, has high permeability to bactericides, generally for terrestrial plants, the mature and widely-applied sterilization mode is not suitable for the submerged plants. In the experiment, it can be fully observed that the explant is usually excessively killed, so that the plant body is damaged, or the sterilization is incomplete, so that the growth efficiency of the seedling is difficult to ensure, and the optimal proportion of the sterilization is difficult to grasp. As can be seen from Table 1, the optimal sterilization method is (5% H) 2 O 2 Sterilizing for 15 min), but other three sterilization modes can be selected according to different seedlings, and the actual conditions of the seedlings under different conditions are mainly selected.
TABLE 1 Sterilization Effect and sprout germination percentage of different sterilization methods
| Mode of sterilization | Bacteria removing | Germination rate | |
| ① | 30% of the culture dish is covered by flora | 40％ | |
| ② | Culture dish 20% covered by flora | 38％ | |
| ③ | 20% of the culture dish is covered by flora | 42％ | |
| ④ | Sterile group of culture dish | 40％ |
Description of the experiment:
setting a culture sequence according to the step setting table sequence number condition of the directional culture seed bank, recording the survival rate of each generation of seedlings, and expanding and transferring the gradient seedlings to the gradient culture media at the upper and lower sides when the survival rate of the last gradient reaches 80 percent.
A first stage: the number of the initial breeding group is 13 (high light requirement group);
when the survival rate of the initial group reaches more than 80%, the plants are expanded and transplanted to 12 and 14 groups, 12 groups are transplanted to 11 groups after the survival rate reaches 80%, 14 groups are transplanted to 15 groups after the survival rate reaches 80%, and seedlings with the survival rate of more than 80% are screened out under the culture conditions of the high-illumination requirement groups 1-25;
two stages: and (3) expanding the seedlings of 1-25 groups into culture conditions of No. 26-50, no. 51-75 and No. 76-100 according to the corresponding sequence, expanding the seedlings of 1 group to No. 26, no. 51 and No. 76 respectively corresponding to medium-high illumination requirement, medium illumination requirement and low illumination requirement under the same water quality condition, expanding the seedlings of 2 group to No. 27, no. 52 and No. 77, repeating the steps, expanding the seedlings of No. 25 to No. 50, no. 75 and No. 100, and finally enabling all the conditions to stably reach the survival rate of more than 80% through culturing for a plurality of generations.
The experimental record data is shown in table 2 below, and the total culture process of the substrate of the directional seedling culture of this time is 33 months according to the record of the total process.
TABLE 2 step setting table for directional breeding seed stock
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (9)
1. A directional cultivation method of high-quality aquatic plants for water ecological restoration is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, installing a cultivation device (1) capable of adjusting the growth environment of the aquatic plants, and planting aquatic plant seedlings in the cultivation device (1);
s2, setting water environments of various indexes in a step manner, and selecting a small number of surviving plants for cultivation when seedlings in a certain water environment die in a large area;
s3, preprocessing is carried out before plant cultivation, the germination rate and survival rate of plant seedlings are improved, and the step S2 is repeated to obtain a huge aquatic plant seedling bank which comprises aquatic plant seedlings suitable for various severe environments;
and S4, selecting aquatic plant seedling varieties which can survive in the target water body according to the environmental indexes of the target water body, carrying out large-scale planting, and then carrying out centralized outward transportation and transplanting to the target water body.
2. A directional culture method of high-quality aquatic plants for water ecology restoration according to claim 1, wherein: the cultivation device (1) comprises more than one aquatic plant cultivation frame (11) used as aquatic plant seedling cultivation space, a quasi-sunlight sunshine light source (12) arranged above the aquatic plant cultivation frame (11) and used as a growth light source, and a water environment adjusting pipe (13) arranged on the aquatic plant cultivation frame (11) and used for adjusting various indexes of a water environment.
3. A method of directional culture of high-quality aquatic plants for water ecology restoration according to claim 2, wherein: the sunshine simulating light source (12) is used for simulating the illumination levels of different areas and climate lines, and setting the illumination intensity and duration in a stepped manner.
4. A method of directional culture of high-quality aquatic plants for water ecology restoration according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: in the step S3, the plant cultivation pretreatment specifically comprises the following steps:
s1.1, placing the seedlings of the aquatic plants in purified water for soaking;
s1.2, removing leaves and roots of aquatic plant seedlings, selecting stout stems and leaves, and washing with distilled water for 3 times;
s1.3, sterilizing the washed stems and leaves by using a sterilizing agent, and then performing sterilization post-treatment;
s1.4, cutting off stem leaves, taking stems and leaves with internode explants and without internodes, and configuring the stems and leaves with internode explants in a culture medium for inducing embryo germination and adventitious bud differentiation to culture, so as to induce the germination of the embryos;
s1.5, when the seedling bud grows to be more than 3cm, transferring the seedling bud into a rooting culture medium for further proliferation until the seedling bud grows into a complete plant;
s1.6, the complete plant is arranged in a subculture medium for further culture to be used as the aquatic plant seedling for directional culture.
5. A directional culture method of high-quality aquatic plants for water ecology restoration according to claim 4, wherein: the sterilizing agent is 5 percent 2 O 2 、10％H 2 O 2 Or (1% NaClO1 drop +10% 2 O 2 1 drop)/100 ml.
6. A directional culture method of high-quality aquatic plants for water ecology restoration according to claim 4, wherein: the degerming post-treatment comprises soaking the degerming stems and leaves in sterile water, taking out after soaking, and standing at room temperature.
7. A directional culture method of high-quality aquatic plants for water ecology restoration according to claim 4, wherein: in the step S1.4, the culture medium for inducing embryo germination and adventitious bud differentiation comprises an MS culture medium, sucrose, agar and a hormone for inducing bud formation.
8. A directional culture method of high-quality aquatic plants for water ecology restoration according to claim 4, wherein: in the step S1.5, the rooting medium includes an MS medium and a hormone to induce rooting.
9. A directional culture method of high-quality aquatic plants for water ecology restoration according to claim 4, wherein: in the S1.6 step, the secondary culture medium includes MS medium, sucrose, agar and a hormone for inducing germination.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115968784A (en) * | 2023-02-06 | 2023-04-18 | 广州智源农业科技发展有限公司 | Low-cost rapid breeding method for blueberry seedlings |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115968784A (en) * | 2023-02-06 | 2023-04-18 | 广州智源农业科技发展有限公司 | Low-cost rapid breeding method for blueberry seedlings |
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