CN115657145A - Double-radical synchronous cooling and trapping system using single beam - Google Patents
Double-radical synchronous cooling and trapping system using single beam Download PDFInfo
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- CN115657145A CN115657145A CN202211166518.3A CN202211166518A CN115657145A CN 115657145 A CN115657145 A CN 115657145A CN 202211166518 A CN202211166518 A CN 202211166518A CN 115657145 A CN115657145 A CN 115657145A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a double-atomic-group synchronous cooling and trapping system using a single beam, which comprises a cooling light emitting assembly, a vacuum cavity and an atomic cooling and trapping assembly, wherein the cooling light emitting assembly is arranged on the vacuum cavity; the cooling light emission assembly can emit incident cooling light, the atom cooling and trapping assembly comprises two laser intersection point generating units, a laser retro-reflecting unit and two gradient magnetic field generating units, the two laser intersection point generating units are arranged inside the vacuum cavity at intervals and distributed in a staggered mode, the outer side portions of the incident cooling light can be perpendicularly intersected, the laser retro-reflecting unit is arranged at the second end of the vacuum cavity and can enable the middle portion of the incident cooling light to be reversely reflected, and the two gradient magnetic field generating units are arranged in the vacuum cavity and can generate gradient magnetic fields at the intersection points of the two cooling light. The system can realize synchronous high-efficiency cooling and trapping of the double radicals by adopting single-beam incident cooling light, reduces the system complexity of the cold atom gravity gradiometer, and improves the common-mode noise suppression capability and the environmental adaptability of the cold atom gravity gradiometer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a related structure of a cold atom gravity gradiometer in the technical field of cold atom interference precision measurement, in particular to a double-atom-group synchronous cooling and trapping system using a single beam.
Background
Cold atom interference technology has developed rapidly in recent 20 years, is widely applied to precision measurement physics and basic physics research, and achieves great results. The cold atom gravity gradiometer has received wide attention due to the advantages of high theoretical precision, low drift, self calibration, no mechanical wear and the like. The basic working principle is as follows: the two groups of cold atomic groups interfere under the action of the same pi/2-pi/2 Raman laser pulse sequence; under the condition of not considering environmental vibration, the phase shift of the interference fringes of the two groups of atoms respectively reflects the gravity acceleration value of the positions of the two groups of atoms; and obtaining the gravity gradient value in the direction through the difference operation of the gravity acceleration value to the position.
Since the cold atom gravity gradiometer needs to cool and trap two groups of cold atoms synchronously, and the preparation of each group of cold atoms usually needs 6 optical fibers to provide 6 beams of cooling light, the cold atom gravity gradiometer usually needs to use 12 optical fibers to provide 12 beams of cooling laser. If the raman laser and the probe laser required for atomic interference are taken into consideration, a larger number of optical fibers are also required. The polarization maintaining performance, the coupling efficiency, the temperature drift characteristic and other performances of different optical fibers are slightly different, so that the balance of the polarization and the intensity of all cooling light is difficult to ensure when the environmental conditions change, the common-mode noise suppression capability of the cold atom gravity gradiometer is influenced, and the measurement accuracy and the environmental adaptability of the cold atom gravity gradiometer are reduced. Meanwhile, the use of more optical fibers increases the complexity of the system, and is not favorable for the engineering and miniaturization of the cold atom gravity gradiometer. The existing single-beam atom cooling trapping scheme has the problems of low cooling light utilization efficiency, low atom loading speed and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above description, the invention provides a double-radical synchronous cooling and trapping system using a single beam, so as to solve the technical problems of high system complexity, low cooling light utilization efficiency, low atom loading speed and the like in the conventional atom cooling and trapping scheme in the cold atom gravity gradiometer.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a double-radical synchronous cooling and trapping system using a single beam comprises a cooling light emitting assembly, a vacuum cavity and an atom cooling and trapping assembly;
the cooling light emitting assembly is used for emitting circularly polarized incident cooling light, and the incident cooling light can be emitted from the first end of the vacuum cavity along the incident direction;
the atom cooling and trapping assembly comprises two laser intersection point generating units, a laser retro-reflecting unit and two gradient magnetic field generating units, wherein the two laser intersection points are generated to be in single-staggered distribution and are arranged inside the vacuum chamber at intervals along a laser incidence direction, the laser retro-reflecting unit is arranged at the second end of the vacuum chamber, the laser intersection point generating units can enable the outer parts of incident cooling light to vertically intersect on a plane perpendicular to the incidence direction, the laser retro-reflecting unit can enable the middle part of the incident cooling light to reflect along the opposite direction of the incidence direction, and the two gradient magnetic field generating units are arranged inside the vacuum chamber at intervals along the incidence direction and correspond to the two laser intersection point generating units so as to generate gradient magnetic fields at the intersection points of the two cooling light.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Furthermore, each laser intersection point generating unit comprises four 45-degree laser reflectors which are arranged correspondingly in pairs, the radial included angle of each adjacent 45-degree laser reflector is 90 degrees, each 45-degree laser reflector is arranged at the position, close to the outer side, of the vacuum cavity, and the reflecting surface of each 45-degree laser reflector faces the first end and forms a 45-degree included angle with the incident direction of cooling light.
Further, the gradient magnetic field generation unit includes a pair of anti-helmholtz coils disposed at intervals along the incident direction, and the pair of anti-helmholtz coils are symmetrically disposed on two sides of the corresponding laser convergence point generation unit.
Furthermore, 45-degree laser reflectors corresponding to the two laser intersection point generating units are arranged in a staggered mode, and the projections of all the 45-degree laser reflectors on a plane perpendicular to the incident direction are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction.
Further, the cooling light emitting assembly comprises a cooling light input optical fiber, a laser beam expanding collimator and a first quarter glass slide, wherein the cooling light input optical fiber is used for inputting original cooling light to the laser beam expanding collimator, the laser beam expanding collimator expands and collimates the original cooling light, and the first quarter glass slide converts the laser after expanding and collimating into circularly polarized incident cooling light.
Furthermore, the laser retroreflection unit comprises a second quarter-wave plate and a 0-degree laser reflector which are sequentially arranged near the second end of the vacuum cavity.
Furthermore, the first end and the second end of the vacuum cavity are both provided with glass windows.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the application has the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) When the double-atomic-group synchronous cooling and trapping system using the single beam is used, the laser intersection point generating unit forms cooling light intersection on a plane perpendicular to an incidence direction, the laser retro-reflection unit forms cooling light intersection coinciding with the incidence direction, two cooling light intersection points are formed, a gradient magnetic field is generated at the cooling light intersection points through the gradient magnetic field generating unit, two magneto-optical traps are formed, synchronous cooling and trapping of the double atomic groups are achieved, the system can achieve synchronous cooling and trapping of the double atomic groups by adopting the single beam of the incident cooling light, the system complexity of a cold atom gravity gradiometer is greatly reduced, and the common-mode noise suppression capability and the environmental adaptability of the system are improved;
(2) In the application, the magnetic field coil is arranged in the vacuum cavity, and a larger magnetic field gradient can be generated by using a smaller current, so that the problem of low atom loading efficiency in other single-beam magneto-optical trap schemes is solved;
(3) The 45-degree laser reflectors corresponding to the laser intersection point generating unit are arranged in a staggered mode, all incident cooling light is utilized to the maximum degree, the problem that the utilization efficiency of the cooling light is low in other single-beam magneto-optical trap schemes is solved, and the semi-reflecting and semi-transparent mirror does not need to be used.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dual radical simultaneous cooling and trapping system using a single beam according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a vacuum chamber and an atom cooling and trapping assembly in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a 45 ° laser mirror distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an optical schematic diagram of a single laser intersection generating unit in an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the present application, the present application will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Embodiments of the present application are set forth in the accompanying drawings. This application may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.
It is to be understood that spatial relationship terms such as "under" \8230; under "," ' under 8230; \8230; under "\8230;," ' over 8230; over "", "" over "", etc., may be used herein to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements or features described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary terms "at 8230; \8230; below" and "at 8230; \8230; below" may include both upper and lower orientations. In addition, the device may also include additional orientations (e.g., rotated 90 or other orientations) and the spatial descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be connected to the other element through intervening elements. The "connection" in the following embodiments is understood as "electrical connection", "communication connection", or the like if the connected circuits, modules, units, or the like have electrical signals or data transmission therebetween.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" may include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises/comprising," "includes" or "including," etc., specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.
As shown in fig. 1-4, the present application provides a simultaneous cooling and trapping system for diatomic radicals using a single beam, which includes a cooled light emitting assembly 10, a vacuum chamber 20, and an atom cooling and trapping assembly 30.
The cooling light emitting assembly 10 is configured to emit incident cooling light of a circular polarization laser type, and the incident cooling light can be emitted from the first end of the vacuum chamber 20 along an incident direction.
In the embodiment of the present application, the cooling light emitting assembly 10 includes a cooling light input fiber 11, a laser beam expanding collimator 12, and a first quarter glass 13, the cooling light input fiber 11 is used for inputting original cooling light to the laser beam expanding collimator 12, the laser beam expanding collimator 12 expands and collimates the original cooling light, and the first quarter glass 13 converts the expanded and collimated laser light into circularly polarized incident cooling light.
It is understood that the incident direction can be any direction that can be implemented according to different practical use scenarios, and for convenience of description, XY is defined as two mutually perpendicular axial directions on a horizontal plane, and a Z axis is a normal axial direction of the horizontal plane, where the Z direction is a vertical upward direction, preferably, in this embodiment, the vacuum cavity is a cylindrical cavity, the first end is an upper end thereof, the second end is a lower end thereof, the incident direction of the incident cooling light is a vertical downward direction, that is, a-Z axis direction, and the horizontal plane is a plane perpendicular to the incident direction, and the XY axes are all directions perpendicular to the incident direction.
Wherein, the first end and the second end of the vacuum chamber 20 are both provided with glass windows 201.
The atom cooling and trapping assembly 30 includes two laser intersection point generating units 31, a laser retro-reflecting unit 32 and two gradient magnetic field generating units 33, the two laser intersection point generating units 31 are disposed inside the vacuum chamber 20 at intervals along the incident direction, the laser retro-reflecting unit 32 is disposed at the second end, the laser intersection point generating units 31 enable outer portions of incident cooling light to vertically intersect on a corresponding horizontal plane, the laser retro-reflecting unit enables middle portions of the incident cooling light to reflect along the Z direction, and the two gradient magnetic field generating units 33 are disposed corresponding to the two laser intersection point generating units 31 and generate gradient magnetic fields at the intersection points of the two cooling light.
In the present embodiment, each laser intersection point generating unit 31 includes four 45 ° laser mirrors 311 arranged two by two, and a radial included angle of the adjacent 45 ° laser mirrors 311 is 90 °, for example, one pair of 45 ° laser mirrors 311 is arranged on the X axis, the other pair of 45 ° laser mirrors 311 is arranged on the Y axis, each 45 ° laser mirror 311 is arranged at a position close to the outer side of the vacuum chamber 20, and a reflecting surface of the 45 ° laser mirror 311 is arranged toward the first end and forms a 45 ° included angle with the Z axis.
According to practical conditions, the laser retro-reflection unit 32 can be disposed inside the vacuum chamber 20 or outside the vacuum chamber 20, in this embodiment, the laser retro-reflection unit 32 is disposed outside the vacuum chamber 20, and specifically, the laser retro-reflection unit 32 includes a second quarter-wave plate 321 and a 0 ° laser reflector 322 sequentially disposed along the second end.
The gradient magnetic field generation unit 33 includes a pair of anti-helmholtz coils provided at an interval in the vertical direction, and the pair of anti-helmholtz coils are symmetrically provided on both sides of the corresponding laser convergence point generation unit 31.
When the incident cooling light is incident from top to bottom, part of the incident cooling light at the outer side of the horizontal section projection irradiates on the reflecting surface of the 45-degree laser reflecting mirror 311, the reflected light beam propagates along the horizontal direction according to the reflection principle, because four 45-degree laser reflecting mirrors 311 are arranged correspondingly in pairs, the reflected light beam forms two pairs of opposite light beams with vertical directions, part of the incident light at the middle part of the horizontal section projection passes through the lower end glass window downwards, is reflected on the 0-degree laser reflecting mirror 322 through the second quarter wave plate 321, then propagates vertically upwards to coincide with the original incident cooling light path, the opposite light beams meeting on the horizontal plane and the opposite light beams meeting in the vertical direction meet together to generate a cooling light junction, and thus the two laser junction generating units 31 can generate a cooling light junction. A pair of anti-helmholtz coils are symmetrically disposed on two sides of the four 45 ° laser mirrors 311, and are used to generate a gradient magnetic field at the junction of the two cooling lights.
In order to increase the light utilization efficiency of the incident cooling light, as shown in fig. 3, the 45 ° laser mirrors 311 corresponding to the two laser intersection point generating units 31 are arranged in a staggered manner, and more preferably, eight 45 ° laser mirrors are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction on the horizontal plane projection, specifically, the four 45 ° laser mirrors 311 located at the upper layer are arranged on the XY axis, and then the four 45 ° laser mirrors 311 located at the lower layer are located on the angular bisector of the four quadrants of the XY axis.
The application flow of the embodiment of the application is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2 in combination with fig. 4, the incident laser light is input to the laser beam expanding collimator 12 through the cooling light input fiber 11, and the laser beam expanding collimator 12 expands and collimates the cooling light. The expanded and collimated laser passes through the first quarter-wave plate 13 and then is converted into incident cooling light with circularly polarized polarization. After the incident cooling light passes through the glass window at the upper end of the vacuum chamber 20, the outer portion of the incident cooling light is irradiated onto the 45 ° laser reflector 311 at the upper layer and reflected, and the portion of the incident cooling light which is not reflected at the outer side is irradiated onto the 45 ° laser reflector 311 at the lower layer and reflected. The incident cooling light of the central portion will not be reflected by the 45 ° laser mirror group, and is emitted from the glass window at the lower end of the vacuum cavity, and the emitted central portion incident cooling light passes through the second quarter wave plate 321, is reflected by the 0 ° laser mirror 322, and then passes through the second quarter wave plate 321 again and enters the vacuum cavity 20, and the above process will generate two cooling light junctions in the vacuum cavity 20, each cooling light junction has three pairs of cooling light, each pair of cooling light is composed of two incident cooling lights whose propagation directions coincide, and the three pairs of cooling lights are perpendicular to each other. Two gradient magnetic field generating units 33 arranged in the vacuum cavity respectively generate gradient magnetic fields at the junction of the two cooling lights, so that a magneto-optical trap is formed to cool and trap atoms, and further double-radical synchronous cooling and trapping are realized.
The double-radical synchronous cooling and trapping system using the single beam can realize synchronous cooling and trapping of double radicals in the cold atom gravity gradiometer only by using the single beam of incident cooling light, greatly reduces the system complexity of the cold atom gravity gradiometer, and improves the common-mode noise suppression capability and the environmental adaptability of the cold atom gravity gradiometer. The coils are arranged in the vacuum cavity, so that a large magnetic field gradient can be generated by using small current, and the problem of low atomic loading efficiency in other single-beam magneto-optical trap schemes is solved. Meanwhile, the two laser intersection point generating units are placed in a staggered mode, and the utilization efficiency of incident cooling light is greatly improved.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A double-radical synchronous cooling and trapping system using a single beam is characterized by comprising a cooling light emitting assembly, a vacuum cavity and an atom cooling and trapping assembly;
the cooling light emitting assembly is used for emitting circularly polarized incident cooling light, and the incident cooling light can be emitted from the first end of the vacuum cavity along the incident direction;
the atom cooling and trapping assembly comprises two laser intersection point generating units, a laser retro-reflecting unit and two gradient magnetic field generating units, wherein the two laser intersection points are generated to be in single-staggered distribution and are arranged inside the vacuum chamber at intervals along a laser incidence direction, the laser retro-reflecting unit is arranged at the second end of the vacuum chamber, the laser intersection point generating units can enable the outer parts of incident cooling light to vertically intersect on a plane perpendicular to the incidence direction, the laser retro-reflecting unit can enable the middle part of the incident cooling light to reflect along the opposite direction of the incidence direction, and the two gradient magnetic field generating units are arranged inside the vacuum chamber at intervals along the incidence direction and correspond to the two laser intersection point generating units so as to generate gradient magnetic fields at the intersection points of the two cooling light.
2. The system for synchronously cooling and trapping diatomic radicals using a single beam as defined in claim 1, wherein each of said laser intersection point generating units comprises four 45 ° laser reflectors disposed in pairwise correspondence, the radial included angle of adjacent 45 ° laser reflectors is 90 °, each of said 45 ° laser reflectors is disposed at a position of said vacuum chamber near the outside thereof, and the reflecting surface of said 45 ° laser reflector is disposed toward the first end of said vacuum chamber and forms a 45 ° angle with the incident direction of the cooling light.
3. The system for simultaneous double-radical cooling and trapping using a single beam as claimed in claim 1, wherein said gradient magnetic field generating unit comprises a pair of anti-helmholtz coils spaced apart along a direction of incidence of the cooling light, said pair of anti-helmholtz coils being symmetrically disposed at both sides of the corresponding laser convergence point generating unit.
4. The system for synchronously cooling and trapping diatomic radicals using a single beam as claimed in claim 2, wherein the 45 ° laser reflectors corresponding to the two laser convergence point generating units are staggered, and the projections of all 45 ° laser reflectors on the plane perpendicular to the incident direction of the cooling light are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction.
5. The system for simultaneous cooling and trapping of diatomic radicals using a single beam of light of claim 1, wherein said cooled light emitting module comprises a cooled light input fiber for inputting raw cooled light to said laser beam expander collimator, a laser beam expander collimator for beam expanding and collimating said raw cooled light, and a first quarter glass slide for converting the beam expanded and collimated laser light into circularly polarized incident cooled light.
6. The system for dual radical simultaneous cooling and trapping using a single beam of light of claim 1, wherein said laser retro-reflecting unit comprises a second quarter wave plate and a 0 ° laser mirror positioned sequentially along the vacuum chamber near the second end.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211166518.3A CN115657145A (en) | 2022-09-23 | 2022-09-23 | Double-radical synchronous cooling and trapping system using single beam |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211166518.3A CN115657145A (en) | 2022-09-23 | 2022-09-23 | Double-radical synchronous cooling and trapping system using single beam |
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| CN115657145A true CN115657145A (en) | 2023-01-31 |
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| CN202211166518.3A Pending CN115657145A (en) | 2022-09-23 | 2022-09-23 | Double-radical synchronous cooling and trapping system using single beam |
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