CN115652857A - Dam seepage-proofing construction method - Google Patents
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- CN115652857A CN115652857A CN202211301387.5A CN202211301387A CN115652857A CN 115652857 A CN115652857 A CN 115652857A CN 202211301387 A CN202211301387 A CN 202211301387A CN 115652857 A CN115652857 A CN 115652857A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of dam seepage-proofing construction, and particularly discloses a dam seepage-proofing construction method. The anti-seepage construction method of the dam comprises the following steps: step 1), cleaning a dam face; step 2), building a concrete pouring template on the dam surface; step 3), preparing waterproof concrete mixture; step 4), pouring waterproof concrete mixture; step 5), maintaining and demolding to form the anti-seepage wear-resistant layer; the waterproof concrete mixture consists of the following components in parts by weight: water, portland cement, aggregate, wear-resistant filler and additive. The invention has the advantage of reducing erosion of water flow scouring to the dam.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of dam seepage-proofing construction, in particular to a dam seepage-proofing construction method.
Background
The dam is an important water retaining structure, and has functions of intercepting river channel water flow to raise water level and regulate flow, so the dam needs to have stable anti-seepage performance, if the dam leaks, the function of the dam is lost, and disasters are easily caused.
The dam is mainly made of concrete materials, the existing waterproof impervious concrete has better impermeability, however, because the water blocked by the dam is not pure water, a large amount of silt is carried in the water flow, the scouring erosion of the silt to the dam surface is very serious under the driving of the water flow, after long-time use, the dam is easy to be damaged, the pressure of a high water level to the dam is huge, the damage formed under the scouring erosion easily forms weak points, the dam is easy to form diseases at the weak points and gradually expands to cause leakage, and even can cause larger damage in serious cases, so that the improvement space is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to reduce erosion of water flow scouring to the dam, the application provides an anti-seepage construction method for the dam.
The application provides a dam seepage-proofing construction method which adopts the following technical scheme:
an anti-seepage construction method for dams comprises the following steps:
step 1), cleaning a dam face;
step 2), building a concrete pouring template on the dam surface;
step 3), preparing a waterproof concrete mixing material;
step 4), pouring the waterproof concrete mixture;
step 5), maintaining and demolding to form the anti-seepage wear-resistant layer;
the waterproof concrete mixture consists of the following components in parts by weight:
100 parts of water;
335-340 parts of Portland cement;
810-830 parts of aggregate;
350-360 parts of wear-resistant filler;
and the additive is 2.881-2.924.
By adopting the technical scheme, the seepage-proofing wear-resistant layer is newly constructed on the dam surface, so that the dam surface has higher erosion-resistance performance, gullies and fine lines are not easy to form on the dam surface, water flow is not easy to invade into the concrete of the dam body, the stability of the dam is higher, damage of damage and seepage of the dam under higher pressure due to weak points is not easy to occur, and seepage-proofing reinforcement of the dam is realized.
The anti-seepage wear-resistant layer is durable because gully and fine lines are not easy to form under the washing of water flow carrying silt, but the anti-seepage wear-resistant layer only needs to cover the surface of the concrete dam, so that the anti-seepage wear-resistant layer is less in consumption and not easy to wear, the dam can be protected for a long time, and the anti-seepage wear-resistant layer still has higher economic value.
Preferably, in the step 2), before the pouring template is built, a plurality of horizontally extending convex strips are fixedly installed on the surface of the pouring template, when the pouring template is installed, the surface of the board on which the convex strips are installed faces the dam surface, and in the step 5), a plurality of horizontally extending water blocking grooves are formed on the anti-seepage wear-resistant layer after demolding.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through forming the water blocking tank for during rivers erode, can rush into the water blocking tank, thereby make partial silt deposit blockked in the water blocking tank, make the distance that silt assaulted the prevention of seepage wearing layer shorten by a wide margin, reduced the phenomenon of a large amount of silt large tracts of land friction prevention of seepage wearing layer, further reduce the influence that erode the friction and bring wearing and tearing.
Preferably, the cross section of each convex strip is in a right trapezoid shape, the lower bottom of each convex strip is attached to the corresponding template, and the side wall of the top of each convex strip is perpendicular to the corresponding template.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the cross section through the sand grip is right trapezoid for the cell wall that the waist that hinders basin and right trapezoid inclination corresponds forms the spigot surface, and the cell wall that hinders basin and right trapezoid vertical angle's waist and correspond forms and blocks the face, makes silt change in get into and hinder in the basin and change and block by hindering the basin, reduces the phenomenon of silt large tracts of land friction prevention of seepage wearing layer better.
Preferably, in the step 2), the interval between adjacent convex strips on the pouring template is 1-1.2m.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme for the effect preferred that blocks silt, if the interval is short excessively, can lead to every to hinder the volume of basin deposit silt to reduce by a wide margin, reduces the effect that hinders the basin, if the interval overlength, can lead to reducing the effect decline that silt rubbed prevention of seepage wearing layer.
Preferably, the wear-resistant filler is a compound of silicon carbide powder, zirconia powder, cast stone powder and montmorillonite powder.
By adopting the technical scheme, through the compounding of the silicon carbide powder, the zirconium oxide powder, the cast stone powder and the montmorillonite powder, the wear-resisting effect of the anti-seepage wear-resisting layer is better, the silicon carbide powder, the zirconium oxide powder and the cast stone powder are wear-resisting materials, and the wear resistance of the concrete can be improved.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the silicon carbide powder, the zirconia powder, the cast stone powder and the montmorillonite powder is 2:1:3:4.
by adopting the technical scheme, the concrete prepared by specifically selecting the mass ratio of the silicon carbide powder, the zirconia powder, the cast stone powder and the montmorillonite powder has better wear resistance and can protect the dam for a long time.
Preferably, the additive is a compound of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, triethanolamine, triterpenoid saponin, polypropylene alcohol and calcium lignosulfonate.
By adopting the technical scheme, the anti-permeability performance of the anti-permeability wear-resistant layer can be greatly improved by adding the compound of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, triethanolamine, triterpenoid saponin and polypropylene glycol, so that the leakage is not easy to occur under high pressure, the dam is better protected, the water erosion is reduced, the condition that the complex water flow permeates into the anti-permeability wear-resistant layer to corrode the internal structure of the anti-permeability wear-resistant layer is also reduced, and the structural stability of the anti-permeability wear-resistant layer is higher.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, the triethanolamine, the triterpenoid saponin, the polypropylene alcohol and the calcium lignosulfonate is 5:0.2:0.1:0.3:3.
through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the effect that improves the impervious performance of impervious wearing layer is better, and the quality is better.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. because this application makes the dam face have higher anti-erosion and corrosion's performance through constructing one deck prevention of seepage wearing layer newly at the dam face for the dam face, is difficult for forming gully, the rill at the dam face, thereby makes rivers difficult for invading the concrete of dam body inside, thereby makes the stability of dam higher, is difficult for leading to the dam to appear the harm of damaged seepage under higher pressure because of forming weak point, realizes the prevention of seepage reinforcement to the dam.
2. In the application, the wear-resistant filler is preferably added into the waterproof concrete mixture, so that the formed impermeable wear-resistant layer has higher wear resistance, gullies and fine lines are not easy to form under the flushing of water flow carrying silt, and the impermeable wear-resistant layer is durable.
3. In this application, silicon carbide powder, zirconia powder, cast stone powder and montmorillonite powder are preferably compounded, so that the wear-resisting effect of the anti-seepage wear-resisting layer is better, the silicon carbide powder, the zirconia powder and the cast stone powder are wear-resisting materials, the wear-resisting property of concrete can be improved, but when the silicon carbide powder, the zirconia powder and the cast stone powder are directly added, the improvement of the wear-resisting property is relatively common in practice, and after the montmorillonite powder is added, the wear-resisting property is greatly improved, mainly because the montmorillonite layered structure has lubricating property, although the silicon carbide powder, the zirconia powder and the cast stone powder have high hardness, but under a high flow rate, the possibility of damage still exists, but the layered structure of montmorillonite is deformed through sliding, so that the concrete not only has hard-to-hard performance, but also has the effect of soft-gram-steel, the most direct impact is buffered through micro sliding deformation, and the wear-resisting property is greatly improved.
4. Preferably, the anti-permeability performance of the anti-permeability wear-resistant layer can be greatly improved by adding the compound of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, triethanolamine, triterpenoid saponin and polypropylene glycol, so that the leakage is not easy to occur under high pressure, the dam is better protected, the water erosion is reduced, the condition that the complex water flow permeates into the anti-permeability wear-resistant layer to corrode the internal structure of the anti-permeability wear-resistant layer is also reduced, and the structural stability of the anti-permeability wear-resistant layer is higher.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
An anti-seepage construction method for dams is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
and step 1), cutting off water flow, washing the surface of the dam with clean water, and removing dirt to clean the dam surface.
Step 2), a plurality of raised lines extending horizontally are fixedly installed on the surface of the concrete pouring template, the cross section of each raised line is in a right trapezoid shape, the lower bottom of each right trapezoid is attached to the template, the side wall of the top of each raised line is perpendicular to the template, the interval between every two adjacent raised lines is 1m, then the concrete pouring template is built on the dam surface, and the surface on which the raised lines are installed faces the dam surface during installation.
Step 3), preparing a waterproof concrete mixture, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 3-1), putting 100kg of water, 335kg of Portland cement, 350kg of wear-resistant filler and 2.881kg of additive into stirring equipment, and stirring for 3min at the rotating speed of 120 r/min.
And 3-1), adding 810kg of aggregate, adjusting the rotating speed to 80r/min, and stirring for 8min to obtain the waterproof concrete mixture.
And 4) pouring the waterproof concrete mixture prepared in the step 3) towards a space between the concrete pouring template and the dam surface.
And 5), demolding after curing for 3d, watering and curing to 7d, standing and curing to 28d to form an impermeable wear-resistant layer with the thickness of 5cm, wherein the surface of the impermeable wear-resistant layer, which is far away from the dam surface, is provided with the raised lines due to the concrete pouring template in the step 2) to form a plurality of water blocking grooves.
In the step 3), the wear-resistant filler is a compound of silicon carbide powder, zirconia powder, cast stone powder and montmorillonite powder, and the mass ratio of the silicon carbide powder, the zirconia powder, the cast stone powder and the montmorillonite powder is 2:1:3:4.
the silicon carbide powder is 325-mesh powder, the zirconia powder is 325-mesh powder, the cast stone powder is 325-mesh powder, and the montmorillonite powder is 325-mesh sodium-based montmorillonite powder.
In the step 3), the admixture is a compound of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, triethanolamine, triterpenoid saponin, polypropylene alcohol and calcium lignosulfonate, and the compound mass ratio of the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, the triethanolamine, the triterpenoid saponin, the polypropylene alcohol and the calcium lignosulfonate is 5:0.2:0.1:0.3:3.
the viscosity of the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was 400mpa.s.
Triethanolamine CAS No.: 102-71-6.
Triterpene saponin is purchased from Shandong Chuangli New Material Co.
The polypropylene glycol is PPG-400, CAS number: 25322-69-4.
Calcium lignosulfonate CAS No.: 8061-52-7.
In the step 3), the aggregate is a compound of river sand and gravel, and the mass ratio of the river sand to the gravel is 2:3, the grain diameter of river sand is less than or equal to 4.75mm, and the grain diameter of broken stone is 5-8mm.
Example 2
An anti-seepage construction method for dams is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
and step 1), cutting off water flow, washing the surface of the dam with clean water, and removing dirt to clean the dam surface.
Step 2), a plurality of horizontally extending raised lines are fixedly installed on the surface of the concrete pouring template, the cross section of each raised line is in a right trapezoid shape, the lower bottom of each right trapezoid is attached to the template, the side wall of the top of each raised line is perpendicular to the template, the interval between every two adjacent raised lines is 1.2m, then the concrete pouring template is built on the dam surface, and the surface on which the raised lines are installed faces the dam surface during installation.
Step 3), preparing a waterproof concrete mixing material, which comprises the following steps:
step 3-1), putting 100kg of water, 340kg of Portland cement, 360kg of wear-resistant filler and 8978 kg of admixture zxft 8978 kg into stirring equipment, and stirring for 3min at the rotating speed of 120 r/min.
And 3-1), adding 830kg of aggregate, adjusting the rotating speed to 80r/min, and stirring for 8min to obtain the waterproof concrete mixture.
And 4), pouring the waterproof concrete mixture prepared in the step 3) towards the space between the concrete pouring template and the dam surface.
And 5) curing for 3d, demolding, watering and curing to 7d, standing and curing to 28d to form an impermeable wear-resistant layer with the thickness of 5cm, wherein the surface of the impermeable wear-resistant layer far away from the dam surface forms a plurality of water blocking grooves due to the fact that the raised lines are arranged on the concrete pouring template in the step 2).
In the step 3), the wear-resistant filler is a compound of silicon carbide powder, zirconia powder, cast stone powder and montmorillonite powder, and the mass ratio of the silicon carbide powder, the zirconia powder, the cast stone powder and the montmorillonite powder is 2:1:3:4.
the silicon carbide powder is 325-mesh powder, the zirconia powder is 325-mesh powder, the cast stone powder is 325-mesh powder, and the montmorillonite powder is 325-mesh sodium-based montmorillonite powder.
In the step 3), the additive is a compound of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, triethanolamine, triterpenoid saponin, polypropylene alcohol and calcium lignosulfonate, and the mass ratio of the compound of the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, the triethanolamine, the triterpenoid saponin, the polypropylene alcohol and the calcium lignosulfonate is 5:0.2:0.1:0.3:3.
the viscosity of the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is 400mpa.s.
Triethanolamine CAS No.: 102-71-6.
Triterpene saponin is purchased from Shandong Chuangli New Material Co.
The polypropylene glycol is PPG-400, CAS number: 25322-69-4.
Calcium lignosulfonate CAS no: 8061-52-7.
In the step 3), the aggregate is a compound of river sand and broken stone, and the mass ratio of the river sand to the broken stone is 2:3, the grain diameter of river sand is less than or equal to 4.75mm, and the grain diameter of broken stone is 5-8mm.
Example 3
Compared with the embodiment 1, the seepage-proofing construction method of the dam has the following differences:
the wear-resistant filler adopts ceramic powder to replace montmorillonite powder in an equivalent manner.
Example 4
Compared with the embodiment 1, the seepage-proofing construction method of the dam has the following differences:
hydroxypropyl starch ether is adopted to replace hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose in the additive in equal quantity.
Hydroxypropyl starch ether CAS:9049-76-7, viscosity of 500mpa.
Example 5
Compared with the embodiment 1, the seepage-proofing construction method of the dam has the following differences:
the additive adopts glycerol to replace triethanolamine with the same amount.
Glycerol CAS:56-81-5.
Example 6
Compared with the embodiment 1, the seepage-proofing construction method of the dam has the following differences:
sodium abietate is used to replace triterpenoid saponin in the additive.
Sodium abietate CAS:14351-66-7.
Example 7
Compared with the embodiment 1, the seepage-proofing construction method of the dam has the following differences:
polyethylene glycol-400 is used to replace polypropylene alcohol in the additive.
Polyethylene glycol CAS:25322-68-3.
Comparative example 1
Compared with the embodiment 1, the seepage-proofing construction method of the dam has the following differences:
the aggregate is used to replace the wear-resistant filler in the same amount.
The aggregate is a compound of river sand and gravel, and the mass ratio of the river sand to the gravel is 2:3, the grain diameter of river sand is less than or equal to 4.75mm, and the grain diameter of broken stone is 5-8mm.
Experiment 1
The 7d compressive strength and 28d compressive strength of the waterproof concrete mixture of each example and each comparative example were tested according to the standard GB/T50081-2016 of general concrete mechanical property test method.
Experiment 2
The water-repellent concrete mixtures of the examples and comparative examples were tested for their impermeability rating according to the test method Standard GB/T50082-2009 for Long-term Performance and durability in ordinary concrete.
Experiment 3
Erosion and abrasion test
Test conditions, abrasive grain 70# garnet, abrasive grain d 50 Is 0.2mm.
Using tap water, abrasive and mixing at a ratio of 9:1, and continuously stirring to prevent precipitation to prepare the sand-containing water.
The waterproof concrete mixes prepared in the examples and comparative examples were used to prepare abrasion-resistant test specimens having a length, width and thickness of 7cm and 3cm, respectively, by a conventional curing method.
And (3) flushing the sand-containing water towards the surface of each sample for 10min by using a high-pressure water jet device, wherein the flow rate of the sand-containing water is 88m/s, the impact angle is 15 degrees, the size of a spray hole of a water gun nozzle of the high-pressure water jet device is 2.5mm, and a 0-degree nozzle is adopted.
When the sample is washed, the vertical distance between the nozzle and the surface of the sample to be washed is 2cm, and the washing point is close to the middle part of the sample.
Before washing, the sample is placed in a 110 ℃ oven, dried for 3h, evaporated to dryness, weighed for initial weight, after washing, placed in a 110 ℃ oven, dried for 3h, evaporated to dryness, weighed for weight loss after abrasion, and calculated by the following formula.
Weight loss = (initial weight-weight after abrasion)/initial weight × 100%.
The specific experimental data for experiments 1-3 are detailed in table 1.
TABLE 1
According to the data in table 1, when the wear-resistant filler is a compound of silicon carbide powder, zirconia powder, cast stone powder and montmorillonite powder, the weight loss of the sample can be effectively reduced, the dam is better protected and is not easy to damage and leak, and the service life of the dam is prolonged.
When the montmorillonite powder is replaced, the weight loss is obviously improved, and the scouring and wear resistance is reduced to some extent, so that the scouring and wear resistance is optimal only when the silicon carbide powder, the zirconia powder, the cast stone powder and the montmorillonite powder are compounded.
When the admixture comprises the compound of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, triethanolamine, triterpenoid saponin and polypropylene alcohol, the sample has higher anti-permeability grade and better anti-permeability performance, and when the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose or the polypropylene alcohol is replaced, the triethanolamine and the triterpenoid saponin can only play the original anti-permeability effect, and when the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, the triethanolamine, the triterpenoid saponin and the polypropylene alcohol are compounded, the anti-permeability effect can be further improved, the penetration is better prevented, the water flow erosion on the internal structure of the concrete is reduced, the dam is protected for a longer time, and the effect of preventing the dam from leaking is better.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. An anti-seepage construction method for dams is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1), cleaning a dam face;
step 2), building a concrete pouring template on the dam surface;
step 3), preparing waterproof concrete mixture;
step 4), pouring waterproof concrete mixture;
step 5), maintaining and demolding to form the anti-seepage wear-resistant layer;
the waterproof concrete mixture consists of the following components in parts by weight:
100 parts of water;
335-340 parts of Portland cement;
810-830 parts of aggregate;
350-360 parts of wear-resistant filler;
and the additive is 2.881-2.924.
2. The seepage-proofing construction method for the dam according to claim 1, wherein the seepage-proofing construction method comprises the following steps: in the step 2), before the pouring template is built, a plurality of raised lines extending horizontally are fixedly installed on the surface of the pouring template, when the pouring template is installed, the surface of the raised line faces the dam surface, and in the step 5), a plurality of water blocking grooves extending horizontally are formed on the anti-seepage wear-resistant layer after demolding.
3. The seepage-proofing construction method for the dam according to claim 2, wherein: the cross section of each convex strip is in a right trapezoid shape, the lower bottom of each convex strip is attached to the corresponding template, and the side wall of the top of each convex strip is perpendicular to the corresponding template.
4. The seepage-proofing construction method for the dam according to claim 3, wherein the seepage-proofing construction method comprises the following steps: the interval between adjacent convex strips is 1-1.2m.
5. The seepage-proofing construction method for the dam according to claim 1, wherein the seepage-proofing construction method comprises the following steps: the wear-resistant filler is a compound of silicon carbide powder, zirconia powder, cast stone powder and montmorillonite powder.
6. The seepage-proofing construction method for the dam according to claim 5, wherein the seepage-proofing construction method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the silicon carbide powder, the zirconium oxide powder, the cast stone powder and the montmorillonite powder is 2:1:3:4.
7. the dam seepage-proofing construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the additive is a compound of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, triethanolamine, triterpenoid saponin, polypropylene alcohol and calcium lignosulphonate.
8. The seepage-proofing construction method for the dam according to claim 7, wherein the seepage-proofing construction method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, the triethanolamine, the triterpenoid saponin, the polypropylene alcohol and the calcium lignosulfonate is 5:0.2:0.1:0.3:3.
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